TED2014
Bran Ferren: To create for the ages, let's combine art and engineering
布蘭·費倫 (Bran Ferren): 結合藝術和科技，創造新世代
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當布蘭·費倫 (Bran Ferren) 九歲時，他的父母帶他去參觀羅馬的萬神廟 (Pantheon) ，這因此改變了他的一生。從那時刻開始，他了解到工程和科學技術只有在藝術、設計、美學的結合下，才會變得更加強盛。自此，他開始找尋有如羅馬傑作的現代作品。留下來聽到最後，他會給您意想不到的絕佳看法。
Bran Ferren - Technology designer
Once known for entertaining millions by creating special effects for Hollywood, theme parks and Broadway, Applied Minds cofounder Bran Ferren now solves impossible tech challenges with previously unimaginable inventions. Full bio
Once known for entertaining millions by creating special effects for Hollywood, theme parks and Broadway, Applied Minds cofounder Bran Ferren now solves impossible tech challenges with previously unimaginable inventions. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Good morning.
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早安。
00:15
When I was a little boy,
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當我還小時，
00:17
I had an experience that changed my life,
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我經歷一個改變我人生的經驗，
00:20
and is in fact why I'm here today.
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也是為何我會站在這裡的原因。
00:23
That one moment
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那個經驗
00:25
profoundly affected how I think about
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深深地影響我如何看待
00:27
art, design and engineering.
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藝術，設計和工程。
00:30
As background, I was fortunate enough to grow up
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我很幸運地在世界最偉大的城市之一，
00:33
in a family of loving and talented artists
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在一個充滿愛和有天賦藝術家的家庭中
00:36
in one of the world's great cities.
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長大成人。
00:39
My dad, John Ferren, who died when I was 15,
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我的父親，約翰·費倫，在我 15 歲時過世
00:43
was an artist by both passion and profession,
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跟我的母親，瑞，一樣，
00:46
as is my mom, Rae.
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是一位兼具熱情和專業的藝術家。
00:49
He was one of the New York School
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他是約紐畫派 (New York School)
00:51
abstract expressionists who,
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抽象表現主義畫家，
00:52
together with his contemporaries,
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融合他的當代思維，
00:55
invented American modern art,
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創造了美國現代藝術，
00:58
and contributed to moving the American zeitgeist
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引領美國的時代精神
01:01
towards modernism in the 20th century.
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進入到 20 世紀的現代主義。
01:05
Isn't it remarkable that, after thousands of years
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這不是很偉大嗎？數千年以來，
01:08
of people doing mostly representational art,
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人類藝術一直大部分都是寫實主義，
01:12
that modern art, comparatively speaking,
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而現代藝術，相對來說，
01:14
is about 15 minutes old,
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大約只有 15 分鐘的生命
01:16
yet now pervasive.
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而仍然在漫延中。
01:18
As with many other important innovations,
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就像其它重要的創新一樣，
01:20
those radical ideas required no new technology,
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這些全新的想法不需要新的技術，
01:24
just fresh thinking and a willingness to experiment,
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只要重新思索和有嘗試的意願，
01:27
plus resiliency in the face of near-universal criticism
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加上能面對幾乎一面倒的評判
01:31
and rejection.
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和拒絕的韌性。
01:32
In our home, art was everywhere.
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在我們家裡，到處都是藝術，
01:35
It was like oxygen,
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就像氧氣一樣，
01:36
around us and necessary for life.
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圍繞著我們，是生命的必需品。
01:40
As I watched him paint,
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當我看著我父親作畫，
01:41
Dad taught me that art
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他告訴我
01:44
was not about being decorative,
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藝術不是裝飾用，
01:46
but was a different way of communicating ideas,
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而是想法交流的另一種形式，
01:49
and in fact one that could bridge the worlds
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事實上，它是連結世界的
01:51
of knowledge and insight.
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知識和眼光的橋梁。
01:54
Given this rich artistic environment,
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在這個充滿藝術氣息的環境，
01:56
you'd assume that I would have been compelled
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你或許認為我會不得已的
01:58
to go into the family business,
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加入這個家族的事業。
02:00
but no.
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但我並沒有。
02:03
I followed the path of most kids
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我跟其它的小孩一樣，
02:04
who are genetically programmed
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從基因中就被設定好
02:06
to make their parents crazy.
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是會讓父每抓狂的。
02:08
I had no interest in becoming an artist,
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我對成為藝術家一點興趣也沒有，
02:10
certainly not a painter.
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更不用說畫家了。
02:12
What I did love was electronics and machines --
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我喜愛的是電子和機械，
02:15
taking them apart, building new ones,
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拆解，組裝成新的，
02:17
and making them work.
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讓它們能運作。
02:19
Fortunately, my family also had engineers in it,
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幸運地，我的家族裡有搞工程的，
02:23
and with my parents,
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和我父母一樣，
02:24
these were my first role models.
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他們是我的人生導師。
02:27
What they all had in common
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他們都有一個共通點，
02:28
was they worked very, very hard.
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就是非常非常努力地工作。
02:31
My grandpa owned and operated a sheet metal
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我的爺爺擁在布魯克林有一座
02:33
kitchen cabinet factory in Brooklyn.
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餐具櫃的金屬工廠。
02:36
On weekends, we would go
together to Cortlandt Street,
together to Cortlandt Street,
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在週末，我們會一起去特克蘭街 (Cortlandt Street)，
02:39
which was New York City's radio row.
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那是約紐的電子商街，
02:42
There we would explore massive piles
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我們在成堆的
02:45
of surplus electronics,
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電子零件中挖寶，
02:46
and for a few bucks bring home treasures
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用幾塊錢把一些寶買回家，
02:48
like Norden bombsights
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像是諾頓投彈瞄準器，
02:50
and parts from the first IBM tube-based computers.
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和 IBM 第一台真空管電腦的零件。
02:54
I found these objects both useful and fascinating.
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我覺得這些東西有用又有趣，
02:57
I learned about engineering and how things worked,
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我學會了工程學和其原理，
03:00
not at school
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不是在學校，
03:01
but by taking apart and studying
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而且在拆解和研究
03:03
these fabulously complex devices.
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這些絕妙的複雜設備。
03:06
I did this for hours every day,
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我每天花上數小時做這些事，
03:08
apparently avoiding electrocution.
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還好我沒有觸電身亡，
03:11
Life was good.
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生命是美好的。
03:13
However, every summer, sadly,
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但是令人難過地，每個暑假，
03:15
the machines got left behind
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這些機械離我而去，
03:17
while my parents and I traveled overseas
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因為我父母帶我出國旅遊，
03:20
to experience history, art and design.
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體驗歷史，藝術和設計。
03:23
We visited the great museums and historic buildings
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我們在歐洲和中東參觀
03:26
of both Europe and the Middle East,
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博物館和歷史建築。
03:27
but to encourage my growing interest
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但為了鼓勵我在科學
03:30
in science and technology,
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和工藝上的興趣，
03:31
they would simply drop me off in places
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他們會讓我去像是
03:34
like the London Science Museum,
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倫敦科學博物館之類的地方。
03:36
where I would wander endlessly for hours by myself
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我在那裡可以待上一整天，
03:40
studying the history of science and technology.
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研究科學工藝的歷史。
03:44
Then, when I was about nine years old,
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在我大約九歲的時候，
03:47
we went to Rome.
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我們去了羅馬。
03:49
On one particularly hot summer day,
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在炎熱夏天的某一天，
03:51
we visited a drum-shaped
building that from the outside
building that from the outside
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我們參觀了一棟像鼓一樣的建築，
03:54
was not particularly interesting.
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外觀上一點也不起眼。
03:57
My dad said it was called the Pantheon,
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我爸說這是萬神廟 (Pantheon)，
03:59
a temple for all of the gods.
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眾神的廟宇。
04:01
It didn't look all that special from the outside,
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就像我說的，從外面看來一點也不特別，
04:04
as I said, but when we walked inside,
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但當我們走進去時，
04:06
I was immediately struck by three things:
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我馬上被三件事情震驚到：
04:09
First of all, it was pleasantly cool
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第一，跟外頭的熱度相比，
04:13
despite the oppressive heat outside.
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裡面是透心涼快。
04:15
It was very dark, the only source of light
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裡頭非常的暗，唯一的光源，
04:17
being an big open hole in the roof.
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來自天花板的一個大洞。
04:20
Dad explained that this wasn't a big open hole,
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父親解釋，那不是一個大洞，
04:22
but it was called the oculus,
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它叫作「眼睛」 (oculus)，
04:24
an eye to the heavens.
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能見到天堂的眼睛。
04:26
And there was something about this place,
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這個地方有些什麼特別之處，
04:28
I didn't know why, that just felt special.
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我不知道是什麼，就是覺得特別。
04:31
As we walked to the center of the room,
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當我們走到房屋的中央時，
04:33
I looked up at the heavens through the oculus.
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我透過「眼睛」向上觀看天空，
04:36
This was the first church that I'd been to
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這是我到過的第一個教堂，
04:39
that provided an unrestricted view
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在上帝與人間，
04:41
between God and man.
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提供一個無遮蔽的視野。
04:44
But I wondered, what about when it rained?
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但我很好奇，下雨時會怎麼樣？
04:47
Dad may have called this an oculus,
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父親或許稱它是「眼睛」，
04:49
but it was, in fact, a big hole in the roof.
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但它實際上是一個天花板的大洞。
04:52
I looked down and saw floor drains
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我低頭看到地板排水孔，
04:54
had been cut into the stone floor.
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鑲在石頭地板中。
04:57
As I became more accustomed to the dark,
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當我更加適應裡頭的黑暗，
04:59
I was able to make out details of the floor
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我能更加看清楚地板和
05:01
and the surrounding walls.
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周圍牆壁的細節。
05:03
No big deal here, just the same statuary stuff
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沒啥特別的，跟我們在羅馬其它地方
05:06
that we'd seen all over Rome.
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看到的雕像一樣。
05:08
In fact, it looked like the Appian Way
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事實上，看起來像是亞壁古道 (Appian Way)。
05:09
marble salesman showed up
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大理石雕刻的商人
05:11
with his sample book, showed it to Hadrian,
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拿著他的目錄給哈德良看。
（註：哈德良為羅馬帝國五賢帝之一）
（註：哈德良為羅馬帝國五賢帝之一）
05:14
and Hadrian said, "We'll take all of it."
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哈德良說「我們全買了。」
05:17
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:18
But the ceiling was amazing.
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但天花板令人驚奇，
05:22
It looked like a Buckminster Fuller geodesic dome.
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看起來像是巴克敏斯特·富勒的球形屋頂。
（註：巴克敏斯特·富勒是美國建築家）
（註：巴克敏斯特·富勒是美國建築家）
05:24
I'd seen these before,
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我以前見過這種的，
05:26
and Bucky was friends with my dad.
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巴克是我父親的朋友。
05:28
It was modern, high-tech, impressive,
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現代的，高技科，令人印深刻，
05:31
a huge 142-foot clear span
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巨大的，142 英呎，沒有任何樑柱，
05:34
which, not coincidentally, was exactly its height.
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不是巧合的，剛好就這麼高。
05:37
I loved this place.
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我喜歡這個地方。
05:38
It was really beautiful and unlike
anything I'd ever seen before,
anything I'd ever seen before,
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它真的很美，而且跟其它地方不一樣。
05:42
so I asked my dad, "When was this built?"
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我就問我父親 "這是何時建造的？”
05:45
He said, "About 2,000 years ago."
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他回答 "大約兩千年前左右。”
05:48
And I said, "No, I mean, the roof."
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我說 "不，我指的是屋頂。”
05:51
You see, I assumed that this was a modern roof
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看，我以為這是一個現代的屋頂，
05:53
that had been put on because the original
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原有的屋頂因被戰火摧毀，
05:55
was destroyed in some long-past war.
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而再另外蓋一個。
05:58
He said, "It's the original roof."
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我父親說 "這是原本的屋頂。”
06:02
That moment changed my life,
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從此刻我的人生就改變了，
06:04
and I can remember it as if it were yesterday.
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就像昨天一樣記得很清楚。
06:07
For the first time, I realized people were smart
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第一次，我認知到兩千年前的人類
06:10
2,000 years ago. (Laughter)
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是如此聰明的。（笑聲）
06:12
This had never crossed my mind.
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這事在我腦中揮之不去。
06:14
I mean, to me, the pyramids at Giza,
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我的意思是，在埃及吉薩的金字塔
06:18
we visited those the year before,
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前一年我們去看過了，
06:20
and sure they're impressive, nice enough design,
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當然是很壯觀，完美的設計，
06:23
but look, give me an unlimited budget,
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但只要我有夠多的預算，
06:25
20,000 to 40,000 laborers, and about 10 to 20 years
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兩萬到四萬個工人，花十到二十年，
06:29
to cut and drag stone blocks
across the countryside,
across the countryside,
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在各地把石塊切割運過來，
06:33
and I'll build you pyramids too.
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我也可以造一座金字塔。
06:35
But no amount of brute force
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但只是靠蠻力，
06:38
gets you the dome of the Pantheon,
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無論是兩千年前或是今天，
06:41
not 2,000 years ago, nor today.
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你無法建一個萬神廟的穹頂。
06:44
And incidentally, it is still the largest
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而且它是現在最大的
06:47
unreinforced concrete dome that's ever been built.
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未經強化過的混泥土穹頂。
06:51
To build the Pantheon took some miracles.
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建造萬神廟需要一些奇蹟。
06:54
By miracles, I mean things that are
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我所謂的奇蹟，是指
06:56
technically barely possible,
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在技術上近乎是不可能的，
06:59
very high-risk, and might not be
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高風險的，就算是今天，
07:02
actually accomplishable at this moment in time,
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也不見得可以完成的，
07:04
certainly not by you.
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當然也不可能是由你完成的。
07:09
For example, here are some
of the Pantheon's miracles.
of the Pantheon's miracles.
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舉幾個萬神廟的奇蹟：
07:12
To make it even structurally possible,
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要建造這樣一個的架構，
07:15
they had to invent super-strong concrete,
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必須要有非常強力的混凝土，
07:17
and to control weight,
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而且要控制好重量，
07:19
varied the density of the aggregate
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隨著建造的高度，
07:21
as they worked their way up the dome.
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要調整混凝土的密度。
07:24
For strength and lightness, the dome structure
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達到需要的強度和輕量，穹頂的結構使用了
07:26
used five rings of coffers,
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五圈的鑲板，
07:28
each of diminishing size,
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每一個的尺寸逐漸縮小，
07:30
which imparts a dramatic forced perspective
171
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依設計來看，
07:33
to the design.
172
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分散掉絕大部分的壓力。
07:35
It was wonderfully cool inside
173
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1925
穹頂下異常的涼爽，
07:36
because of its huge thermal mass,
174
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因為其內部巨大的空間，
07:39
natural convection of air rising up
175
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2085
上升氣流可經由 ”眼睛” 排出
07:41
through the oculus,
176
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1401
的自然對流，
07:42
and a Venturi effect when wind blows across
177
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和外部空氣吹過圓頂的
07:45
the top of the building.
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文丘里效應 (Venturi effect)。
07:47
I discovered for the first time that light itself
179
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我第一次發現
07:51
has substance.
180
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1967
光是物質的。
07:53
The shaft of light beaming through the oculus
181
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2677
經 "眼睛" 進來的一道光束，
07:56
was both beautiful and palpable,
182
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2490
是如此美麗及可觸摸的，
07:58
and I realized for the first time
183
466527
2257
我第一次發現
08:00
that light could be designed.
184
468784
1901
光線也可以被設計的。
08:02
Further, that of all of the forms of design,
185
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4874
更甚，這裡所有形式的設計，
08:07
visual design,
186
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1376
視覺設計，
08:08
they were all kind of irrelevant without it,
187
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1831
全都脫離不了光線，
08:10
because without light, you can't see any of them.
188
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3861
因為沒有了光，你啥也看不到。
08:14
I also realized that I wasn't the first person
189
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2452
我也發現我不是第一位
08:17
to think that this place was really special.
190
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3259
認為這個地方是如此的特別。
08:20
It survived gravity, barbarians, looters, developers
191
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4377
它撐過重力、野蠻人、掠奪者、建造者，
08:24
and the ravages of time to become
192
492715
1899
還有時間的蹂躪，
08:26
what I believe is the longest
193
494614
1380
成為我認為是
08:27
continuously occupied building in history.
194
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2957
史上最長壽的建築。
08:30
Largely because of that visit,
195
498951
2216
因為這次的造訪，
08:33
I came to understand that,
196
501167
1537
我開始了解到，
08:34
contrary to what I was being told in school,
197
502704
2639
相對於我在學校所學到的，
08:37
the worlds of art and design
198
505343
2029
藝術和設計的世界
08:39
were not, in fact, incompatible
199
507372
2016
實際上，並不會不相容於
08:41
with science and engineering.
200
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1676
科學工藝的世界。
08:43
I realized, when combined,
201
511064
2093
我發現當這兩個結合時，
08:45
you could create things that were amazing
202
513157
2763
你可以創造出在單一領域中
08:47
that couldn't be done in either domain alone.
203
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2846
無法達到的效果。
08:50
But in school, with few exceptions,
204
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2433
但在學校裡，除了少數例外，
08:53
they were treated as separate worlds,
205
521199
1920
它們是被區分開來的，
08:55
and they still are.
206
523119
2143
現在也還是這樣。
08:57
My teachers told me that I had to get serious
207
525262
2696
我的老師們都告訴我要認真
08:59
and focus on one or the other.
208
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2173
專注在其中一個領域，
09:02
However, urging me to specialize
209
530131
3095
但是，力促我只精通一個領域，
09:05
only caused me to really
appreciate those polymaths
appreciate those polymaths
210
533226
3310
讓我對憧景那像博學的人們
09:08
like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci,
211
536536
4150
像米開朗基羅、達文西
09:12
Benjamin Franklin,
212
540686
1425
本傑明·富蘭克林，
09:14
people who did exactly the opposite.
213
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2710
他們都不只是精通單一領域。
09:16
And this led me to embrace
214
544821
2189
這讓我更加嚮往
09:19
and want to be in both worlds.
215
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2970
同時身處在兩種領域。
09:21
So then how do these projects of unprecedented creative vision and technical complexity
216
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5828
所以像萬神廟這種史無前例的創新和精妙
09:27
like the Pantheon actually happen?
217
555808
2494
是如何達成的呢？
09:30
Someone themselves, perhaps Hadrian,
218
558302
3928
有些人，像是哈德良 (Hadrian)，
09:34
needed a brilliant creative vision.
219
562230
3191
需要有傑出的創新願景，
09:37
They also needed the storytelling
and leadership skills
and leadership skills
220
565421
2793
他們也需要說故事和領導的才能，
09:40
necessary to fund and execute it,
221
568214
2778
來實現這個願景，
09:42
and a mastery of science and technology
222
570992
2862
還有在科學工藝上的專精，
09:45
with the ability and knowhow
223
573854
2083
專業能力和技術，
09:47
to push existing innovations even farther.
224
575937
4046
來延伸現有的創新。
09:51
It is my belief that to create
these rare game changers
these rare game changers
225
579983
3920
我相信，提供這種的規則改變者，
09:55
requires you to pull off at least five miracles.
226
583903
4130
需要你至少五個奇蹟。
10:00
The problem is, no matter how talented,
227
588033
2693
但問題是，無論你多聰明，
10:02
rich or smart you are,
228
590726
1732
或是多有錢，
10:04
you only get one to one and a half miracles.
229
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3026
你只能頂多有一個半的奇蹟。
10:07
That's it. That's the quota.
230
595484
1782
就是只有這麼多了。
10:09
Then you run out of time, money, enthusiasm,
231
597266
2613
你會耗盡你的時間、金錢、熱情，
10:11
whatever.
232
599879
1379
還有其它的一切。
10:13
Remember, most people can't even imagine
233
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2277
記得，大部分的人都沒有辦法
10:15
one of these technical miracles,
234
603535
1907
想像任何一種工藝上的奇蹟，
10:17
and you need at least five to make a Pantheon.
235
605442
3109
而你卻需要至少五個奇蹟來建造萬神廟。
10:20
In my experience, these rare visionaries
236
608551
2501
在我的經驗中，只有少數的夢想家
10:23
who can think across the worlds of art,
237
611052
1837
能遊走在藝術設計
10:24
design and engineering
238
612889
1827
和科學工藝之間，
10:26
have the ability to notice
239
614716
2202
他們能夠注意到
10:28
when others have provided enough of the miracles
240
616918
2717
何時其它方面的奇蹟
10:31
to bring the goal within reach.
241
619635
2556
已經足夠來實現這個夢想。
10:34
Driven by the clarity of their vision,
242
622191
2637
對於他們願景的明確了解，
10:36
they summon the courage and determination
243
624828
2310
他們喚起勇氣和意志力，
10:39
to deliver the remaining miracles
244
627138
2097
創造剩下需要的奇蹟，
10:41
and they often take what other people think to be
245
629235
3550
他們通常把其它人認為
10:44
insurmountable obstacles
246
632785
2046
不可跨越的障礙，
10:46
and turn them into features.
247
634831
1785
化為願景的特色。
10:48
Take the oculus of the Pantheon.
248
636616
2927
以萬神廟的”眼睛”為例，
10:51
By insisting that it be in the design,
249
639543
1898
要堅持這樣的設計，
10:53
it meant you couldn't use much
of the structural technology
of the structural technology
250
641441
2873
你勢必無法使用
10:56
that had been developed for Roman arches.
251
644314
2974
在羅馬拱門上發展出來的結構技術。
10:59
However, by instead embracing it
252
647288
2898
然而，相對於
11:02
and rethinking weight and stress distribution,
253
650186
2588
重新去思考重量和壓力的分佈，
11:04
they came up with a design that only works
254
652774
2482
他們用一種僅適用於天花板有一個洞的
11:07
if there's a big hole in the roof.
255
655256
1904
全新設計。
11:09
That done, you now get the aesthetic
256
657160
3007
完成後，不僅兼具美學，
11:12
and design benefits of light, cooling
257
660167
4381
設計上還帶來光線和涼風效果，
11:16
and that critical direct connection with the heavens.
258
664548
3300
還有能直接連通天堂的管道。
11:19
Not bad.
259
667848
2044
很不賴吧。
11:21
These people not only believed
260
669892
2061
這些人們不只是相信
11:23
that the impossible can be done,
261
671953
2056
不可能的事可以被完成，
11:26
but that it must be done.
262
674009
2826
而且是一定要完成。
11:28
Enough ancient history.
263
676835
2101
歷史故事就先到此為止。
11:30
What are some recent examples of innovations
264
678936
3133
近代有什麼創新的事物，
11:34
that combine creative design
265
682069
1879
是結合了獨特的設計
11:35
and technological advances in a way so profound
266
683948
3243
和先進的技術，
11:39
that they will be remembered
267
687191
1329
可以讓人們在千年之後
11:40
a thousand years from now?
268
688520
1833
依舊會記得呢？
11:42
Well, putting a man on the moon was a good one,
269
690353
3096
把人送上月球是很了不起的，
11:45
and returning him safely to Earth wasn't bad either.
270
693449
3017
然後再把他平安地帶回地球，也是一樣。
11:48
Talk about one giant leap:
271
696466
2492
談到人類的一大步：
11:50
It's hard to imagine a more profound moment
272
698958
2448
很難想像在人類的歷史上，
11:53
in human history
273
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1312
有什麼可以比得上
11:54
than when we first left our world
274
702718
2173
我們第一次遠離我們自己的世界
11:56
to set foot on another.
275
704891
1891
踏上另一個世界的那一刻。
11:58
So what came after the moon?
276
706782
2221
那在登月之後，會是什麼呢？
12:01
One is tempted to say that today's pantheon
277
709003
2808
有人可能會說今天的萬神廟
12:03
is the Internet,
278
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1661
是網際網路，
12:05
but I actually think that's quite wrong,
279
713472
2469
但我真的認為這是錯的，
12:07
or at least it's only part of the story.
280
715941
2855
或是說這只是一小部分而已。
12:10
The Internet isn't a Pantheon.
281
718796
2516
網際網路不是萬神廟，
12:13
It's more like the invention of concrete:
282
721312
2591
比較像是混凝土的發明，
12:15
important, absolutely necessary
283
723903
2575
對於建造萬神廟
12:18
to build the Pantheon,
284
726478
1440
是很重要，不可或缺的，
12:19
and enduring,
285
727918
1356
而且可以流傳後世，
12:21
but entirely insufficient by itself.
286
729274
3191
但只有它是不夠的。
12:24
However, just as the technology of concrete
287
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2932
正如混凝土的技術
12:27
was critical in realization of the Pantheon,
288
735397
3587
對萬神廟的建造是很關鍵的，
12:30
new designers will use the
technologies of the Internet
technologies of the Internet
289
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3215
創新者使用網際網路
12:34
to create novel concepts that will endure.
290
742199
3198
創造能流傳後世的全新事物。
12:37
The smartphone is a perfect example.
291
745397
2058
智慧型手機是一個絕佳的例子。
12:39
Soon the majority of people on the planet
292
747455
1745
很快速地，地球上大部分的人們
12:41
will have one,
293
749200
1334
都會有一支，
12:42
and the idea of connecting everyone
294
750534
2401
把人們聯繫起來
12:44
to both knowledge and each other will endure.
295
752935
3250
和訊息連結的想法會流傳下去。
12:48
So what's next?
296
756185
1308
那下一步呢？
12:49
What imminent advance will be
the equivalent of the Pantheon?
the equivalent of the Pantheon?
297
757493
3406
同等於萬神廟的下一個指標在哪？
12:52
Thinking about this,
298
760899
1435
想想看，
12:54
I rejected many very plausible
299
762334
2547
我不會接受一些似是而非
12:56
and dramatic breakthroughs to come,
300
764881
1896
或重大突破的事物作答案，
12:58
such as curing cancer.
301
766777
2017
例是治癒癌症。
13:00
Why? Because Pantheons are anchored
302
768794
3338
為什麼？因為萬神廟
13:04
in designed physical objects,
303
772132
2935
是建造在很多實體的設計之上，
13:07
ones that inspire by simply seeing
304
775067
2322
每一個都來自由簡單的觀察
13:09
and experiencing them,
305
777389
1420
和不斷地體現，
13:10
and will continue to do so indefinitely.
306
778809
2882
而且可以無窮盡的流傳下去。
13:13
It is a different kind of language, like art.
307
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4573
這像是藝術一樣難以用語言表達，
13:18
These other vital contributions that extend life
308
786264
2772
這些拓展生命及釋放痛苦的貢獻，
13:21
and relieve suffering are, of course, critical,
309
789036
2693
當然是不可缺少的重要，
13:23
and fantastic,
310
791729
1687
而且很華麗，
13:25
but they're part of the continuum of
311
793416
1793
但它們只是
13:27
our overall knowledge and technology,
312
795209
2512
我們全部知識技術的一部分，
13:29
like the Internet.
313
797721
2524
網際網路也是。
13:32
So what is next?
314
800245
2344
那下一個會是什麼？
13:34
Perhaps counterintuitively,
315
802589
1719
這有些違反直覺，
13:36
I'm guessing it's a visionary idea
316
804308
2312
但我猜是一個自1930年代末期
13:38
from the late 1930s
317
806620
1854
經由每個世代的修改的
13:40
that's been revived every decade since:
318
808474
3160
一個願景：
13:43
autonomous vehicles.
319
811634
2014
自動駕駛車輛。
13:45
Now you're thinking, give me a break.
320
813648
1738
你或許想，拜託，
13:47
How can a fancy version of cruise control
321
815386
3518
怎麼會是一個比較潮的
13:50
be profound?
322
818904
1700
巡航定速系統？
13:52
Look, much of our world
323
820604
2124
但你仔細看，
13:54
has been designed around
roads and transportation.
roads and transportation.
324
822728
3483
大部分我們的世界是設計在道路和運輸之上，
13:58
These were as essential to the success
325
826211
1875
道路之於
14:00
of the Roman Empire
326
828086
1498
羅馬帝國的興起，
14:01
as the interstate highway system
327
829584
1985
就像州際高速公路
14:03
to the prosperity and development
328
831569
1794
之於美國的
14:05
of the United States.
329
833363
2210
繁榮和現代化。
14:07
Today, these roads that interconnect our world
330
835573
3034
現今，這些串連我們世界的道路
14:10
are dominated by cars and trucks
331
838607
2098
主要都是汽車和卡車在使用，
14:12
that have remained largely unchanged
332
840705
1868
而這個基本上一百年來
14:14
for 100 years.
333
842573
2571
都沒有改變。
14:17
Although perhaps not obvious today,
334
845144
3259
或許現今不是很明顯，
14:20
autonomous vehicles will be the key technology
335
848403
4585
但自動駕駛車輛會是關鍵的科技
14:24
that enables us to redesign our cities
336
852988
3098
讓我們重新設計我們的城市，
14:28
and, by extension, civilization.
337
856086
2219
更進一步地，改變文化。
14:30
Here's why:
338
858305
1602
為什麼呢？
14:31
Once they become ubiquitous,
339
859907
1753
一旦普及之後，
14:33
each year, these vehicles will save
340
861660
2537
每年可以減少
14:36
tens of thousands of lives in the United States alone
341
864197
3108
美國上萬的生命的死亡，
14:39
and a million globally.
342
867305
3127
全球有上百萬的生命。
14:42
Automotive energy consumption and air pollution
343
870432
2899
汽車引擎的油耗和空污，
14:45
will be cut dramatically.
344
873331
2373
會大量的減少。
14:47
Much of the road congestion
345
875704
1405
大部分在進出城市
14:49
in and out of our cities will disappear.
346
877109
3810
交通擁塞將會消失。
14:52
They will enable compelling new concepts
347
880919
2687
這些會引發新的思維
14:55
in how we design cities, work,
348
883606
2469
重新設計我們的設計，職場，
14:58
and the way we live.
349
886075
1937
以及我們的生活。
15:00
We will get where we're going faster
350
888012
2546
我們可以更快速到達目的地，
15:02
and society will recapture vast amounts
351
890558
2998
社會可以拾回大量的
15:05
of lost productivity
352
893556
1291
資源損耗，
15:06
now spent sitting in traffic basically polluting.
353
894847
3641
現在花在車陣中的時間只是在污染世界。
15:10
But why now? Why do we think this is ready?
354
898488
3273
但為何是現在？為何現在才能實現？
15:13
Because over the last 30 years,
355
901761
2194
因為過去三十年，
15:15
people from outside the automotive industry
356
903955
2048
在汽車業以外的人們，
15:18
have spent countless billions
357
906003
2108
花費上億的金錢
15:20
creating the needed miracles,
358
908111
1735
創造出必要的奇蹟，
15:21
but for entirely different purposes.
359
909846
2872
但當初是為了不同的目的。
15:24
It took folks like DARPA, universities,
360
912718
2628
這讓像是 DARPA、大學、公司企業，
(註：DARPA 是美國國防高等研究計劃署)
(註：DARPA 是美國國防高等研究計劃署)
15:27
and companies completely
outside of the automotive industry
outside of the automotive industry
361
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3164
完全置身在汽車業界之外的人們，
15:30
to notice that if you were clever about it,
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如果夠聰明，就會了解到
15:32
autonomy could be done now.
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自動汽車現在可以被實現。
15:35
So what are the five miracles
needed for autonomous vehicles?
needed for autonomous vehicles?
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什麼是自動汽車需要的五個奇蹟呢？
15:38
One, you need to know
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第一個，你需要知道
15:40
where you are and exactly what time it is.
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現在你確切的時間和位置。
15:43
This was solved neatly by the GPS system,
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這個可以經由 GPS 解決，
15:45
Global Positioning System,
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全球定位系統，
15:46
that the U.S. Government put in place.
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是由美國政府發展的。
15:49
You need to know where all the roads are,
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你需要知道道路在哪裡，
15:52
what the rules are, and where you're going.
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道路規則是什麼，你要往哪裡去。
15:54
The various needs of personal navigation systems,
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這些可以由導航系統，
15:57
in-car navigation systems,
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車內導航系統，
15:59
and web-based maps address this.
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和網路上的地圖來達成。
16:02
You must have near-continuous communication
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你需要近端即時通訊
16:04
with high-performance computing networks
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配合高效能的電腦運算，
16:06
and with others nearby
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來了解附近車輛
16:08
to understand their intent.
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的動態。
16:11
The wireless technologies
developed for mobile devices,
developed for mobile devices,
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為手機發展的無線技術
16:14
with some minor modifications,
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加上一點些微的改造，
16:16
are completely suitable to solve this.
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就可以完成的解決這件事。
16:19
You'll probably want some restricted roadways
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你或許想到
16:22
to get started
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在社會和法律上
16:23
that both society and its lawyers
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都可以接受的
16:25
agree are safe to use for this.
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一些道路限制。
16:27
This will start with the HOV lanes
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像是高乘載車道
16:29
and move from there.
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和其它的延伸。
16:31
But finally, you need to recognize
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但最終，你需要能辨認
16:34
people, signs and objects.
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人群、號誌和物體。
16:36
Machine vision, special sensors,
and high-performance computing
and high-performance computing
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3054
機械視覺、特殊感應器、高效能的電腦運算
16:39
can do a lot of this,
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可以做到這些，
16:40
but it turns out a lot is not good enough
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但這還是不太夠，
16:43
when your family is on board.
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尤其是當你的家人在車上。
16:45
Occasionally, humans will
need to do sense-making.
need to do sense-making.
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偶爾，人類需要給予一些決定。
16:48
For this, you might actually have to wake up
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你或許需要喚醒乘客
16:52
your passenger and ask them what the hell
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詢問他們
16:54
that big lump is in the middle of the road.
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2802
剛剛那個在路中間的顛簸是怎麼回事。
16:57
Not so bad, and it will give us a sense of purpose
398
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這還不賴，我們已經有一些
16:59
in this new world.
399
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1853
新世界的輪廓了。
17:01
Besides, once the first drivers explain
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2740
此外，一旦駕駛
17:04
to their confused car
401
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1326
向那困惑的汽車解釋
17:05
that the giant chicken at the fork in the road
402
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2666
路上那隻在叉子上的巨大的雞
17:08
is actually a restaurant,
403
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1543
只是一家餐廳，
17:09
and it's okay to keep driving,
404
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2304
它就會安心的繼續行駛，
17:12
every other car on the surface of the Earth
405
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3420
而地表上的所有其它汽車
17:15
will know that from that point on.
406
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2922
也將從此了解這件事。
17:18
Five miracles, mostly delivered,
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第五個奇蹟，已近乎完成，
17:20
and now you just need a clear vision
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1878
是需要一個明確的願景，
17:22
of a better world filled with autonomous vehicles
409
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2837
一個佈滿自動汽車的美好世界，
17:25
with seductively beautiful
and new functional designs
and new functional designs
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3613
吸引人和功能完善的設計，
17:29
plus a lot of money and hard work
411
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2454
加上許多資金和努力，
17:31
to bring it home.
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1596
可以把它開回家。
17:33
The beginning is now only a handful of years away,
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3022
只需幾年的時間就可以實現了，
17:36
and I predict that autonomous vehicles
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我預期自動駕駛汽車
17:38
will permanently change our world
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2071
將會永遠的改變我們的世界
17:40
over the next several decades.
416
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4184
延續好幾十年。
17:44
In conclusion, I've come to believe
417
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2652
總而言之，我開始相信
17:47
that the ingredients for the next Pantheons
418
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2238
促成下一個萬神廟的各項要素
17:49
are all around us,
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1387
已經在我們的周圍，
17:50
just waiting for visionary people
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2187
等待有願景的人們，
17:52
with the broad knowledge,
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1734
同時具備寬廣的知識，
17:54
multidisciplinary skills,
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1610
跨領域的技術，
17:56
and intense passion
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1868
及極端的熱情，
17:58
to harness them to make their dreams a reality.
424
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5086
讓這個夢想成真。
18:03
But these people don't spontaneously
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2496
但這樣的人才並不會
18:05
pop into existence.
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1339
自動地無中生有。
18:06
They need to be nurtured and encouraged
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1839
他們必須從小時候
18:08
from when they're little kids.
428
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1779
就被良好的教養和鼓勵。
18:10
We need to love them and help them
429
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1860
我們需要愛護並幫助他們
18:12
discover their passions.
430
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1719
去發掘他們的熱情。
18:14
We need to encourage them to work hard
431
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2214
我們需要鼓勵他們全力投入，
18:16
and help them understand that failure
432
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2437
幫助他們了解到
18:18
is a necessary ingredient for success,
433
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2871
失敗為成功之母，
18:21
as is perseverance.
434
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2181
並且要持續不懈。
18:23
We need to help them to find their own role models,
435
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3098
我們需要幫助他們找到他們的典範，
18:26
and give them the confidence
to believe in themselves
to believe in themselves
436
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2672
給予他們自信，相信自己，
18:29
and to believe that anything is possible,
437
1097658
2777
相信任何都是可能的，
18:32
and just as my grandpa did when
he took me shopping for surplus,
he took me shopping for surplus,
438
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3509
就像我祖父帶我去購買雜貨，
18:35
and just as my parents did
439
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1783
就像我父母
18:37
when they took me to science museums,
440
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2022
帶我去科學博物館，
18:39
we need to encourage them to find their own path,
441
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3281
我們需要鼓勵他們去找到他們自己的道路，
18:43
even if it's very different from our own.
442
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2657
即使這是非常困難。
18:45
But a cautionary note:
443
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1408
但有一個注意事項：
18:47
We also need to periodically pry them away
444
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2434
我們需要定期的把他們
18:49
from their modern miracles,
445
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1469
從現代的奇蹟拉開來，
18:50
the computers, phones, tablets,
446
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1971
電腦、手機、平板、
18:52
game machines and TVs,
447
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1594
電玩、電視，
18:54
take them out into the sunlight
448
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2244
帶他們到外面，
18:56
so they can experience both the natural
449
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2129
讓他們感受到
18:58
and design wonders of our world,
450
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2897
我們的世界、星球和文化
19:01
our planet and our civilization.
451
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2242
的美好設計。
19:04
If we don't, they won't understand
452
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2927
如果不這樣做，他們不會了解
19:07
what these precious things are
453
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1882
這些資產的珍貴，
19:08
that someday they will be resopnsible
454
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2595
而有一天會輪到他們
19:11
for protecting and improving.
455
1139479
2282
來保護和改善。
19:13
We also need them to understand
456
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1643
我們也需要他們能了解
19:15
something that doesn't seem adequately appreciated
457
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3029
有些事物在現代科技快速發展下
19:18
in our increasingly tech-dependent world,
458
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2463
沒有被得到應有的看待，
19:20
that art and design
459
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1683
藝術和設計，
19:22
are not luxuries,
460
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1913
不是奢侈品，
19:24
nor somehow incompatible
461
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1826
也不是不能和
19:26
with science and engineering.
462
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1869
科學科技相容的。
19:28
They are in fact essential to what makes us special.
463
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5575
事實上，它是讓我們與眾不同的必要。
19:33
Someday, if you get the chance,
464
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2515
如果有一天你有機會，
19:36
perhaps you can take your kids
465
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1537
或許你可以帶你的孩子
19:37
to the actual Pantheon,
466
1165814
1771
去真正的萬神廟，
19:39
as we will our daughter Kira,
467
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2660
像我帶我的女兒奇拉，
19:42
to experience firsthand
468
1170245
2078
去第一手體驗到
19:44
the power of that astonishing design,
469
1172323
4257
令人震驚的設計，
19:48
which on one otherwise unremarkable day in Rome,
470
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3744
在羅馬的某一個不起眼的日子，
19:52
reached 2,000 years into the future
471
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3027
觸及到 2000 年的未來，
19:55
to set the course for my life.
472
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造就我現在的人生。
19:58
Thank you.
473
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謝謝。
20:00
(Applause)
474
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bran Ferren - Technology designerOnce known for entertaining millions by creating special effects for Hollywood, theme parks and Broadway, Applied Minds cofounder Bran Ferren now solves impossible tech challenges with previously unimaginable inventions.
Why you should listen
After dropping out of MIT in 1970, Bran Ferren became a designer and engineer for theater, touring rock bands, and dozens of movies, including Altered States and Little Shop of Horrors, before joining Disney as a lead Imagineer, then becoming president of R&D for the Walt Disney Company.
In 2000, Ferren and partner Danny Hillis left Disney to found Applied Minds, a playful design and invention firm dedicated to distilling game-changing inventions from an eclectic stew of the brightest creative minds culled from every imaginable discipline.
Bran Ferren | Speaker | TED.com