TED2014
Bran Ferren: To create for the ages, let's combine art and engineering
Bran Ferren: Da bi ustvarjali za veke, združimo umetnost in inženirstvo
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Pri devetih letih so starši peljali Brana Ferrena na ogled Panteona v Rimu in takrat se je vse spremenilo. V tistem trenutku je pričel razumeti, kako postanejo orodja znanosti in inženirstva močnejša, kadar so združena z umetnostjo, z oblikovanjem in lepoto. Vse od tedaj je iskal prepričljivo sodobno vzporednico omenjeni rimski mojstrovini. Oglejte si cel posnetek in poslušajte njegov nepričakovani predlog.
Bran Ferren - Technology designer
Once known for entertaining millions by creating special effects for Hollywood, theme parks and Broadway, Applied Minds cofounder Bran Ferren now solves impossible tech challenges with previously unimaginable inventions. Full bio
Once known for entertaining millions by creating special effects for Hollywood, theme parks and Broadway, Applied Minds cofounder Bran Ferren now solves impossible tech challenges with previously unimaginable inventions. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Good morning.
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Dobro jutro.
00:15
When I was a little boy,
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Ko sem bil še otrok,
00:17
I had an experience that changed my life,
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mi je izkušnja spremenila življenje
00:20
and is in fact why I'm here today.
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in je razlog zakaj sem danes tukaj.
00:23
That one moment
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En sam trenutek
00:25
profoundly affected how I think about
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je globoko zaznamoval moje razmišljanje
00:27
art, design and engineering.
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o umetnosti, oblikovanju in strojništvu.
00:30
As background, I was fortunate enough to grow up
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Imel sem srečo, da sem odrastel
00:33
in a family of loving and talented artists
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v družini ljubečih
in nadarjenih umetnikov,
in nadarjenih umetnikov,
00:36
in one of the world's great cities.
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v enem od največjih svetovnih mest.
00:39
My dad, John Ferren, who died when I was 15,
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Moj oče, John Ferren,
ki je umrl, ko sem imel 15 let
ki je umrl, ko sem imel 15 let
00:43
was an artist by both passion and profession,
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je bil strasten poklicni umetnik,
00:46
as is my mom, Rae.
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tako kot je moja mama, Rae.
00:49
He was one of the New York School
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Pripadal je newyorški šoli
00:51
abstract expressionists who,
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abstraktnih ekspresionistov, ki je
00:52
together with his contemporaries,
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skupaj s svojimi sodobniki
00:55
invented American modern art,
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izumil Ameriško moderno umetnost
00:58
and contributed to moving the American zeitgeist
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in prispeval k premiku
ameriškega duha časa
ameriškega duha časa
01:01
towards modernism in the 20th century.
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proti modernizmu dvajsetega stoletja.
01:05
Isn't it remarkable that, after thousands of years
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Ali ni osupljivo, da je po tisočletjih
01:08
of people doing mostly representational art,
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pretežno upodabljajoče umetnosti
01:12
that modern art, comparatively speaking,
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sodobna umetnost, primerjalno rečeno,
01:14
is about 15 minutes old,
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stara le 15 minut,
01:16
yet now pervasive.
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a je hkrati danes prevladujoča.
01:18
As with many other important innovations,
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Kot je značilno za pomembne inovacije,
01:20
those radical ideas required no new technology,
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tudi te radikalne ideje niso
zahtevale nove tehnologije,
zahtevale nove tehnologije,
01:24
just fresh thinking and a willingness to experiment,
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samo sveže razmišljanje
in pripravljenost za eksperimentiranje,
in pripravljenost za eksperimentiranje,
01:27
plus resiliency in the face of near-universal criticism
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vključno z odpornostjo
na skoraj vseprisotno kritiko
na skoraj vseprisotno kritiko
01:31
and rejection.
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in zavračanje.
01:32
In our home, art was everywhere.
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Pri nas doma je bila umetnost povsod.
01:35
It was like oxygen,
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Bila je kot zrak
01:36
around us and necessary for life.
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okrog nas in nujna za življenje.
01:40
As I watched him paint,
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Ko sem opazoval očeta slikati,
01:41
Dad taught me that art
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me je naučil, da bistvo umetnosti
01:44
was not about being decorative,
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ni v krašenju,
01:46
but was a different way of communicating ideas,
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ampak v drugačni obliki sporočanja idej.
01:49
and in fact one that could bridge the worlds
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Taki, ki lahko premošča
razlike med svetovi
razlike med svetovi
01:51
of knowledge and insight.
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znanja in intuicije.
01:54
Given this rich artistic environment,
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Spričo tako bogatega umetniškega okolja
01:56
you'd assume that I would have been compelled
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bi pričakovali, da me bo vleklo
01:58
to go into the family business,
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v družinski posel,
02:00
but no.
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ampak ne.
02:03
I followed the path of most kids
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Šel sem po poti večine otrok,
02:04
who are genetically programmed
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ki so genetsko naravnani,
02:06
to make their parents crazy.
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da svoje starše spravljajo na rob pameti.
02:08
I had no interest in becoming an artist,
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Umetniški poklic me ni zanimal,
02:10
certainly not a painter.
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še posebno ne slikarstvo.
02:12
What I did love was electronics and machines --
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Rad sem imel elektroniko in naprave -
02:15
taking them apart, building new ones,
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razstavljanje in gradnja novih,
02:17
and making them work.
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in kako jih pripraviti do delovanja.
02:19
Fortunately, my family also had engineers in it,
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Na srečo smo v družini imeli
tudi inženirje
tudi inženirje
02:23
and with my parents,
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in skupaj z mojimi starši
02:24
these were my first role models.
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so bili moji prvi vzorniki.
02:27
What they all had in common
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Vsem je bilo skupno,
02:28
was they worked very, very hard.
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da so trdo, trdo delali.
02:31
My grandpa owned and operated a sheet metal
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Moj dedek je imel v lasti tovarno
02:33
kitchen cabinet factory in Brooklyn.
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za izdelavo kovinskih
kuhinjskih omaric v Brooklynu.
kuhinjskih omaric v Brooklynu.
02:36
On weekends, we would go
together to Cortlandt Street,
together to Cortlandt Street,
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Za vikende me je peljal
na ulico Cortland Street,
na ulico Cortland Street,
02:39
which was New York City's radio row.
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tedaj newyorško ulico radijskih postaj.
02:42
There we would explore massive piles
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Tam sva brskala po ogromnih kupih
02:45
of surplus electronics,
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zavržene elektronike
02:46
and for a few bucks bring home treasures
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in za nekaj pičlih dolarjev
domov nosila zaklade,
domov nosila zaklade,
02:48
like Norden bombsights
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kot je naprava za metanje bomb
02:50
and parts from the first IBM tube-based computers.
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in dele prvega IBM računalnika.
02:54
I found these objects both useful and fascinating.
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Ti predmeti so mi bili tako
uporabni kot zanimivi.
uporabni kot zanimivi.
02:57
I learned about engineering and how things worked,
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Strojništva in kako stvari delujejo
se nisem
se nisem
03:00
not at school
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naučil v šoli
03:01
but by taking apart and studying
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ampak z razstavljanjem in preučevanjem
03:03
these fabulously complex devices.
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teh čudovito zapletenih naprav.
03:06
I did this for hours every day,
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To sem počel ure vsak dan,
03:08
apparently avoiding electrocution.
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in se izogibal smrti zaradi
električnega šoka.
električnega šoka.
03:11
Life was good.
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Življenje je bilo lepo.
03:13
However, every summer, sadly,
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Toda na žalost so vsako poletje
03:15
the machines got left behind
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naprave ostale doma,
03:17
while my parents and I traveled overseas
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ko sem s starši odpotoval čez lužo
03:20
to experience history, art and design.
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na spoznavanje zgodovine,
umetnosti in oblikovanja.
umetnosti in oblikovanja.
03:23
We visited the great museums and historic buildings
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Obiskovali smo velike muzeje
in zgodovinske zgradbe
in zgodovinske zgradbe
03:26
of both Europe and the Middle East,
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tako po Evropi kot Bližnjem Vzhodu.
03:27
but to encourage my growing interest
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Da pa bi gojila moje rastoče zanimanje
03:30
in science and technology,
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za znanost in tehnologijo,
03:31
they would simply drop me off in places
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sta me starša puščala
na različnih krajih
na različnih krajih
03:34
like the London Science Museum,
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kot je londonski Muzej znanosti.
03:36
where I would wander endlessly for hours by myself
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Tam sem cele ure taval sam
03:40
studying the history of science and technology.
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in preučeval zgodovino znanosti
in tehnologije.
in tehnologije.
03:44
Then, when I was about nine years old,
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Ko pa sem bil star dobrih devet let,
03:47
we went to Rome.
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smo šli v Rim.
03:49
On one particularly hot summer day,
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Na nek posebno vroč poletni dan
03:51
we visited a drum-shaped
building that from the outside
building that from the outside
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smo obiskali krožno zgradbo,
ki na zunaj
ki na zunaj
03:54
was not particularly interesting.
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ni bila posebno zanimiva.
03:57
My dad said it was called the Pantheon,
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Oče je dejal, da se imenuje Panteon,
03:59
a temple for all of the gods.
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tempelj posvečen vsem bogovom.
04:01
It didn't look all that special from the outside,
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Kot rečeno, na zunaj
ni bila videti nič posebnega,
ni bila videti nič posebnega,
04:04
as I said, but when we walked inside,
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a ko smo vstopili
04:06
I was immediately struck by three things:
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so me nemudoma osupnile tri stvari:
04:09
First of all, it was pleasantly cool
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Bilo je prijetno hladno,
04:13
despite the oppressive heat outside.
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kljub neznosni vročini zunaj.
04:15
It was very dark, the only source of light
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Bilo je zelo temno in edini vir svetlobe
04:17
being an big open hole in the roof.
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velika odprta luknja v strehi.
04:20
Dad explained that this wasn't a big open hole,
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Oče mi je pojasnil, da to ni
samo odprta luknja,
samo odprta luknja,
04:22
but it was called the oculus,
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ampak, da se imenuje 'oculus',
04:24
an eye to the heavens.
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oko v nebesa.
04:26
And there was something about this place,
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Nekaj je bilo na tem kraju,
04:28
I didn't know why, that just felt special.
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nisem vedel kaj,
le da je nekaj posebnega.
le da je nekaj posebnega.
04:31
As we walked to the center of the room,
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Ko smo stopili na sredo prostora,
04:33
I looked up at the heavens through the oculus.
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sem pogledal v nebo skozi oculus.
04:36
This was the first church that I'd been to
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To je bila prva cerkev, ki sem jo obiskal,
04:39
that provided an unrestricted view
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ki je ponujala neoviran stik
04:41
between God and man.
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med človekom in bogom.
04:44
But I wondered, what about when it rained?
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Spraševal sem se, kaj pa, ko dežuje?
04:47
Dad may have called this an oculus,
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Oče je temu res rekel oculus,
04:49
but it was, in fact, a big hole in the roof.
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a je bila resnično le
velika luknja v strehi.
velika luknja v strehi.
04:52
I looked down and saw floor drains
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Pogledal sem na tla in videl odtoke,
04:54
had been cut into the stone floor.
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vrezane v kamnita tla.
04:57
As I became more accustomed to the dark,
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Ko sem se privadil na temo,
04:59
I was able to make out details of the floor
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sem opazil podrobnosti na tleh
05:01
and the surrounding walls.
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in stenah.
05:03
No big deal here, just the same statuary stuff
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Nič posebnega tam, samo isti kipi,
05:06
that we'd seen all over Rome.
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ki smo jih ves čas gledali
po celem Rimu.
po celem Rimu.
05:08
In fact, it looked like the Appian Way
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Izgledalo je kot Apijska cesta;
05:09
marble salesman showed up
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prikazal se je trgovec z marmorjem
05:11
with his sample book, showed it to Hadrian,
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s svojo knjigo vzorcev,
pokazal jo je Hadrijanu
pokazal jo je Hadrijanu
05:14
and Hadrian said, "We'll take all of it."
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in ta je rekel: "Vse bomo vzeli."
05:17
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:18
But the ceiling was amazing.
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Toda strop je bil čudovit.
05:22
It looked like a Buckminster Fuller geodesic dome.
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Izgledala je kot geodezična kupola
arhitekta Buckminsterja Fullerja.
arhitekta Buckminsterja Fullerja.
05:24
I'd seen these before,
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Te sem že videl
05:26
and Bucky was friends with my dad.
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in 'Bucky' je bil očetov prijatelj.
05:28
It was modern, high-tech, impressive,
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Bilo je sodobno,
visoko tehnološko, impresivno,
visoko tehnološko, impresivno,
05:31
a huge 142-foot clear span
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ogromen razpon kupole, kar 43,3 metra,
05:34
which, not coincidentally, was exactly its height.
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nenaključno povsem enak višini zgradbe.
05:37
I loved this place.
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Oboževal sem ta kraj.
05:38
It was really beautiful and unlike
anything I'd ever seen before,
anything I'd ever seen before,
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Bilo je res čudovito,
česa takega še nisem videl,
česa takega še nisem videl,
05:42
so I asked my dad, "When was this built?"
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zato sem vprašal očeta:
"Kdaj so to zgradili?"
"Kdaj so to zgradili?"
05:45
He said, "About 2,000 years ago."
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Odgovoril je: "Pred dobrimi 2.000 leti."
05:48
And I said, "No, I mean, the roof."
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Rekel sem: "Ne, mislim streha."
05:51
You see, I assumed that this was a modern roof
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Mislil sem namreč,
da je to sodobna streha,
da je to sodobna streha,
05:53
that had been put on because the original
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ki je nadomestila prvotno,
05:55
was destroyed in some long-past war.
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morebiti uničeno v neki davni vojni.
05:58
He said, "It's the original roof."
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Dejal je: "To je prvotna streha."
06:02
That moment changed my life,
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Tisti trenutek mi je spremenil življenje
06:04
and I can remember it as if it were yesterday.
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in spominjam se ga,
kot bi bilo včeraj.
kot bi bilo včeraj.
06:07
For the first time, I realized people were smart
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Prvič sem se zavedel,
da so bili ljudje pametni
da so bili ljudje pametni
06:10
2,000 years ago. (Laughter)
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že pred 2.000 leti.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
06:12
This had never crossed my mind.
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To me ni nikoli prešinilo.
06:14
I mean, to me, the pyramids at Giza,
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Denimo, piramide v Gizi,
06:18
we visited those the year before,
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ki smo jih obiskali leto pred tem,
06:20
and sure they're impressive, nice enough design,
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so resnično osupljive, solidna zasnova,
06:23
but look, give me an unlimited budget,
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a dajte meni neomejen proračun,
06:25
20,000 to 40,000 laborers, and about 10 to 20 years
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20.000 do 40.000 delavcev
in okrog 10 do 20 let
in okrog 10 do 20 let
06:29
to cut and drag stone blocks
across the countryside,
across the countryside,
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za rezanje in premikanje
kamnitih blokov prek podeželja,
kamnitih blokov prek podeželja,
06:33
and I'll build you pyramids too.
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in tudi jaz vam zgradim piramide.
06:35
But no amount of brute force
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A nobena mera gole sile
06:38
gets you the dome of the Pantheon,
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vam ne ustvari kupole Panteona,
06:41
not 2,000 years ago, nor today.
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ne takrat, ne danes.
06:44
And incidentally, it is still the largest
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In kot po naključju je še vedno največja
06:47
unreinforced concrete dome that's ever been built.
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neojačana betonska kupola,
kar so jih zgradili.
kar so jih zgradili.
06:51
To build the Pantheon took some miracles.
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Za gradnjo Panteona so bili
potrebni čudeži.
potrebni čudeži.
06:54
By miracles, I mean things that are
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S čudeži mislim reči,
06:56
technically barely possible,
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ki so tehnološko komajda mogoče,
06:59
very high-risk, and might not be
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visoko tvegane in mogoče celo
07:02
actually accomplishable at this moment in time,
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neuresničljive v tem trenutku v zgodovini
07:04
certainly not by you.
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še posebno ne z vaše strani.
07:09
For example, here are some
of the Pantheon's miracles.
of the Pantheon's miracles.
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Na primer, to so nekateri
čudeži Panteona.
čudeži Panteona.
07:12
To make it even structurally possible,
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Da je bila gradnja
sploh strukturno mogoča,
sploh strukturno mogoča,
07:15
they had to invent super-strong concrete,
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so morali iznajti super-močen beton
07:17
and to control weight,
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in za nadzor teže
07:19
varied the density of the aggregate
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prilagajati gostoto agregata,
07:21
as they worked their way up the dome.
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ob vzpenjanju s kupolo navzgor.
07:24
For strength and lightness, the dome structure
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Za moč in lahkost so v strukturi kupole
07:26
used five rings of coffers,
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uporabili pet vrst kaset,
07:28
each of diminishing size,
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ki se z višino manjšajo,
07:30
which imparts a dramatic forced perspective
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2736
kar ustvarja dramatično
vsiljeno perspektivo
vsiljeno perspektivo
07:33
to the design.
172
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2007
zasnovi kupole.
07:35
It was wonderfully cool inside
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V notranjosti je bil čudovit hlad
07:36
because of its huge thermal mass,
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2183
zaradi ogromne toplotne mase zgradbe,
07:39
natural convection of air rising up
175
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2085
zaradi naravne konvekcije zraka, ki uhaja
07:41
through the oculus,
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1401
skozi oculus
07:42
and a Venturi effect when wind blows across
177
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2475
in zaradi Venturijevega efekta,
ko veter zapiha
ko veter zapiha
07:45
the top of the building.
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2303
čez vrh zgradbe.
07:47
I discovered for the first time that light itself
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Tedaj sem prvič odkril,
da je tudi svetloba snov.
da je tudi svetloba snov.
07:51
has substance.
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1967
07:53
The shaft of light beaming through the oculus
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Soj svetlobe skozi oculus
07:56
was both beautiful and palpable,
182
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je bil hkrati čudovit in otipljiv
07:58
and I realized for the first time
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in prvikrat sem spoznal,
08:00
that light could be designed.
184
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1901
da se svetlobo lahko oblikuje.
08:02
Further, that of all of the forms of design,
185
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4874
In od vseh vrst oblikovanja,
08:07
visual design,
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1376
vizualnega oblikovanja,
08:08
they were all kind of irrelevant without it,
187
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1831
je brez nje vse ostalo nepomembno;
08:10
because without light, you can't see any of them.
188
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3861
kajti brez svetlobe
ne moreš videti nobene od njih.
ne moreš videti nobene od njih.
08:14
I also realized that I wasn't the first person
189
482627
2452
Spoznal sem tudi, da nisem bil prvi,
08:17
to think that this place was really special.
190
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3259
ki je menil, da je to res poseben kraj.
08:20
It survived gravity, barbarians, looters, developers
191
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4377
Preživel je silo težnosti, barbare,
plenilce, načrtovalce
plenilce, načrtovalce
08:24
and the ravages of time to become
192
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1899
in zob časa, da je postal
08:26
what I believe is the longest
193
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1380
po mojem mnenju najdlje
08:27
continuously occupied building in history.
194
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2957
stalno obljudena zgradba v zgodovini.
08:30
Largely because of that visit,
195
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2216
V veliki meri sem zaradi tega obiska
08:33
I came to understand that,
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1537
postopoma spoznal,
08:34
contrary to what I was being told in school,
197
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2639
da v nasprotju s tistim,
kar so me učili v šoli,
kar so me učili v šoli,
08:37
the worlds of art and design
198
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2029
svetova umetnosti in oblikovanja
08:39
were not, in fact, incompatible
199
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2016
pravzaprav nista bila nezdružljiva
08:41
with science and engineering.
200
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1676
z znanostjo in inženirstvom.
08:43
I realized, when combined,
201
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2093
Spoznal sem, da ko jih združiš
08:45
you could create things that were amazing
202
513157
2763
lahko ustvariš čudovite reči,
08:47
that couldn't be done in either domain alone.
203
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2846
ki jih ne bi mogel le
na enem samem področju.
na enem samem področju.
08:50
But in school, with few exceptions,
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2433
A v šoli so bila z redkimi izjemami
08:53
they were treated as separate worlds,
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521199
1920
vedno obravnavana kot ločeni svetovi,
08:55
and they still are.
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2143
in še vedno je tako.
08:57
My teachers told me that I had to get serious
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2696
Učitelji so dejali, da se moram zresniti
08:59
and focus on one or the other.
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2173
in se osredotočiti na eno ali drugo.
09:02
However, urging me to specialize
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3095
Toda, siljenje k specializaciji
09:05
only caused me to really
appreciate those polymaths
appreciate those polymaths
210
533226
3310
me je samo še bolj vodilo
v občudovanje polihistorjev
v občudovanje polihistorjev
09:08
like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci,
211
536536
4150
kot so Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci,
09:12
Benjamin Franklin,
212
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1425
Benjamin Franklin;
09:14
people who did exactly the opposite.
213
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2710
ljudje, ki so počeli prav nasprotno.
09:16
And this led me to embrace
214
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2189
In to me je vodilo v sprejemanju
09:19
and want to be in both worlds.
215
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2970
obeh svetov in želji da sem v njih.
09:21
So then how do these projects of unprecedented creative vision and technical complexity
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5828
Kako so se torej projekti tako edinstvene
ustvarjalne vizije in tehnične zapletenosti
ustvarjalne vizije in tehnične zapletenosti
09:27
like the Pantheon actually happen?
217
555808
2494
kot Panteon zares zgodili?
09:30
Someone themselves, perhaps Hadrian,
218
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3928
Nekdo, mogoče Hadrian,
09:34
needed a brilliant creative vision.
219
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3191
je moral imeti izjemno ustvarjalno vizijo.
09:37
They also needed the storytelling
and leadership skills
and leadership skills
220
565421
2793
Potrebovali so sposobnosti
pripovedništva in vodenja
pripovedništva in vodenja
09:40
necessary to fund and execute it,
221
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2778
nujni za financiranje in izvedbo,
09:42
and a mastery of science and technology
222
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2862
ter mojstrsko znanje znanosti
in tehnologije
in tehnologije
09:45
with the ability and knowhow
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2083
s sposobnostjo in znanjem,
09:47
to push existing innovations even farther.
224
575937
4046
da obstoječe inovacije razvijejo še dlje.
09:51
It is my belief that to create
these rare game changers
these rare game changers
225
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3920
Mislim, da morate biti za ustvarjanje
takih redkih izjemnih priložnosti
takih redkih izjemnih priložnosti
09:55
requires you to pull off at least five miracles.
226
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4130
sposobni izvesti vsaj pet čudežev.
10:00
The problem is, no matter how talented,
227
588033
2693
Težava je, da ne glede na to
kako nadarjeni,
kako nadarjeni,
10:02
rich or smart you are,
228
590726
1732
bogati, ali pametni ste,
10:04
you only get one to one and a half miracles.
229
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3026
lahko zberete le do enega in pol.
10:07
That's it. That's the quota.
230
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1782
To je to. To je kvota.
10:09
Then you run out of time, money, enthusiasm,
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2613
Potem vam zmanjka časa, denarja, zagona,
10:11
whatever.
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1379
kakorkoli.
10:13
Remember, most people can't even imagine
233
601258
2277
Zapomnite si, večina si ne more
niti predstavljati
niti predstavljati
10:15
one of these technical miracles,
234
603535
1907
enega od teh tehničnih čudežev
10:17
and you need at least five to make a Pantheon.
235
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3109
potrebujete pa jih vsaj pet za Panteon.
10:20
In my experience, these rare visionaries
236
608551
2501
Po mojih izkušnjah,
imajo ti redki vizionarji,
imajo ti redki vizionarji,
10:23
who can think across the worlds of art,
237
611052
1837
ki lahko razmišljajo preko meja sveta
10:24
design and engineering
238
612889
1827
umetnosti, oblikovanja in inženirstva,
10:26
have the ability to notice
239
614716
2202
sposobnost, da opazijo
10:28
when others have provided enough of the miracles
240
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2717
kdaj so drugi zagotovili dovolj čudežev,
10:31
to bring the goal within reach.
241
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2556
da postane cilj dosegljiv.
10:34
Driven by the clarity of their vision,
242
622191
2637
Gnani z jasnostjo svoje vizije
10:36
they summon the courage and determination
243
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2310
zberejo pogum in odločnost,
10:39
to deliver the remaining miracles
244
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2097
da napravijo preostale čudeže
10:41
and they often take what other people think to be
245
629235
3550
in pogosto iz stvari
za katere drugi mislijo, da so
za katere drugi mislijo, da so
10:44
insurmountable obstacles
246
632785
2046
nepremostljive ovire
10:46
and turn them into features.
247
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1785
in iz njih napravijo značilnosti.
10:48
Take the oculus of the Pantheon.
248
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2927
Na primer Panteonov oculus.
10:51
By insisting that it be in the design,
249
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1898
Z vztrajanjem, da ostane v zasnovi,
10:53
it meant you couldn't use much
of the structural technology
of the structural technology
250
641441
2873
niste mogli uporabiti
velikega dela gradbene tehnologije,
velikega dela gradbene tehnologije,
10:56
that had been developed for Roman arches.
251
644314
2974
ki je bila razvita za rimske arkade.
10:59
However, by instead embracing it
252
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2898
Toda s sprejetjem težave
11:02
and rethinking weight and stress distribution,
253
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2588
in ponovnem premisleku o
razporeditvi teže in obremenitev,
razporeditvi teže in obremenitev,
11:04
they came up with a design that only works
254
652774
2482
so se domislili zasnove, ki deluje samo,
11:07
if there's a big hole in the roof.
255
655256
1904
če je v stropu velika luknja.
11:09
That done, you now get the aesthetic
256
657160
3007
Ko je to narejeno, lahko dobite estetske
11:12
and design benefits of light, cooling
257
660167
4381
in oblikovne koristi svetlobe, hlajenja
11:16
and that critical direct connection with the heavens.
258
664548
3300
in tisto kritično povezavo z nebom.
11:19
Not bad.
259
667848
2044
Ni slabo.
11:21
These people not only believed
260
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2061
Ti ljudje niso samo verjeli,
11:23
that the impossible can be done,
261
671953
2056
da je nemogoče mogoče,
11:26
but that it must be done.
262
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2826
ampak da mora biti storjeno.
11:28
Enough ancient history.
263
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2101
Dovolj prazgodovine.
11:30
What are some recent examples of innovations
264
678936
3133
Kateri so novodobni primeri inovacij,
11:34
that combine creative design
265
682069
1879
ki združujejo ustvarjalno oblikovanje
11:35
and technological advances in a way so profound
266
683948
3243
in tehnološki napredek
v tako prefinjeni obliki,
v tako prefinjeni obliki,
11:39
that they will be remembered
267
687191
1329
da se jih bodo spominjali
11:40
a thousand years from now?
268
688520
1833
še tisoč let za nami?
11:42
Well, putting a man on the moon was a good one,
269
690353
3096
No, poslati človeka na Luno
je bila dobra poteza,
je bila dobra poteza,
11:45
and returning him safely to Earth wasn't bad either.
270
693449
3017
in njegova varna vrnitev nazaj
tudi ni bila slaba stvar.
tudi ni bila slaba stvar.
11:48
Talk about one giant leap:
271
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2492
Ko že omenjamo en velik skok:
11:50
It's hard to imagine a more profound moment
272
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2448
Težko si je zamisliti globlji trenutek
11:53
in human history
273
701406
1312
v človeški zgodovini
11:54
than when we first left our world
274
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2173
kot je to, da smo zapustili lasten planet
11:56
to set foot on another.
275
704891
1891
zato, da smo stopili na drugega.
11:58
So what came after the moon?
276
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2221
Kaj je prišlo za Luno?
12:01
One is tempted to say that today's pantheon
277
709003
2808
Vabljivo bi bilo reči,
da je današnji Panteon
da je današnji Panteon
12:03
is the Internet,
278
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1661
internet
12:05
but I actually think that's quite wrong,
279
713472
2469
ampak mislim, da je to precej narobe,
12:07
or at least it's only part of the story.
280
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2855
ali pa je le del zgodbe.
12:10
The Internet isn't a Pantheon.
281
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2516
Internet ni Panteon.
12:13
It's more like the invention of concrete:
282
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2591
Je bolj iznajdba betona:
12:15
important, absolutely necessary
283
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2575
pomemben, absolutno potreben
12:18
to build the Pantheon,
284
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1440
za izgradnjo Panteona
12:19
and enduring,
285
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1356
in vzdržljiv,
12:21
but entirely insufficient by itself.
286
729274
3191
a povsem nezadosten sam po sebi.
12:24
However, just as the technology of concrete
287
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2932
A kakor je bila tehnologija betona
12:27
was critical in realization of the Pantheon,
288
735397
3587
kritična pri realizaciji Panteona,
12:30
new designers will use the
technologies of the Internet
technologies of the Internet
289
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3215
bodo novi snovalci
izrabili tehnologijo interneta,
izrabili tehnologijo interneta,
12:34
to create novel concepts that will endure.
290
742199
3198
za ustvarjanje novih idej,
ki bodo preživele.
ki bodo preživele.
12:37
The smartphone is a perfect example.
291
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2058
Odličen primer je pametni telefon.
12:39
Soon the majority of people on the planet
292
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1745
Kmalu ga bo imela večina
12:41
will have one,
293
749200
1334
ljudi na planetu
12:42
and the idea of connecting everyone
294
750534
2401
in ideja o povezovanju vseh
12:44
to both knowledge and each other will endure.
295
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3250
tako z znanjem kot
drug z drugim bo preživela.
drug z drugim bo preživela.
12:48
So what's next?
296
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1308
Kaj torej sledi?
12:49
What imminent advance will be
the equivalent of the Pantheon?
the equivalent of the Pantheon?
297
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3406
Kateri jutrišnji napredek bo
enakovreden Panteonu?
enakovreden Panteonu?
12:52
Thinking about this,
298
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1435
Ko sem razmišljal o tem,
12:54
I rejected many very plausible
299
762334
2547
sem zavrnil več zelo verjetnih
12:56
and dramatic breakthroughs to come,
300
764881
1896
in dramatičnih prihodnjih prebojev.
12:58
such as curing cancer.
301
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2017
Recimo zdravilo za raka.
13:00
Why? Because Pantheons are anchored
302
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3338
Zakaj? Ker so panteoni zasidrani
13:04
in designed physical objects,
303
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2935
v oblikovanih fizičnih objektih,
13:07
ones that inspire by simply seeing
304
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2322
takih, ki navdihujejo preprosto
prek opazovanja
prek opazovanja
13:09
and experiencing them,
305
777389
1420
in izkušnje
13:10
and will continue to do so indefinitely.
306
778809
2882
in bodo to počeli še v neskončnost.
13:13
It is a different kind of language, like art.
307
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4573
To je drugačen jezik, tak kot umetnost.
13:18
These other vital contributions that extend life
308
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2772
Ostali ključni prispevki,
ki podaljšujejo življenje
ki podaljšujejo življenje
13:21
and relieve suffering are, of course, critical,
309
789036
2693
in lajšajo trpljenje, so seveda nujni
13:23
and fantastic,
310
791729
1687
in fantastični,
13:25
but they're part of the continuum of
311
793416
1793
ampak so del premice
13:27
our overall knowledge and technology,
312
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2512
našega celotnega znanja in tehnologije
13:29
like the Internet.
313
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2524
kot internet.
13:32
So what is next?
314
800245
2344
Kaj torej je naslednje?
13:34
Perhaps counterintuitively,
315
802589
1719
Mogoče v nasprotju s pričakovanji
13:36
I'm guessing it's a visionary idea
316
804308
2312
ugibam, da bo to vizionarska ideja
13:38
from the late 1930s
317
806620
1854
iz poznih tridesetih let,
13:40
that's been revived every decade since:
318
808474
3160
ki je bila oživljena
še vsako sledeče desetletje:
še vsako sledeče desetletje:
13:43
autonomous vehicles.
319
811634
2014
avtonomna vozila.
13:45
Now you're thinking, give me a break.
320
813648
1738
Zdaj si mislite, ah, daj no mir.
13:47
How can a fancy version of cruise control
321
815386
3518
Kako bi lahko bila spolirana verzija
dalinjskega upravljanja
dalinjskega upravljanja
13:50
be profound?
322
818904
1700
nekaj globokega?
13:52
Look, much of our world
323
820604
2124
Poglejte, večina našega sveta
13:54
has been designed around
roads and transportation.
roads and transportation.
324
822728
3483
je zgrajena okrog cest in transporta.
13:58
These were as essential to the success
325
826211
1875
Te so bile tako ključne za uspeh
14:00
of the Roman Empire
326
828086
1498
rimskega imperija
14:01
as the interstate highway system
327
829584
1985
kot je meddržavno avtocestno omrežje
14:03
to the prosperity and development
328
831569
1794
zaslužno za blaginjo in razvoj
14:05
of the United States.
329
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2210
Združenih držav Amerike.
14:07
Today, these roads that interconnect our world
330
835573
3034
Danes na cestah, ki povezujejo naš svet,
14:10
are dominated by cars and trucks
331
838607
2098
vladajo avtomobili in tovornjaki,
14:12
that have remained largely unchanged
332
840705
1868
ki so večinoma nespremenjeni
14:14
for 100 years.
333
842573
2571
že zadnjih 100 let.
14:17
Although perhaps not obvious today,
334
845144
3259
In čeprav to danes ni očitno
14:20
autonomous vehicles will be the key technology
335
848403
4585
bodo avtonomna vozila ključna tehnologija,
14:24
that enables us to redesign our cities
336
852988
3098
ki bo omogočila preoblikovanje mest
14:28
and, by extension, civilization.
337
856086
2219
in posledično civilizacije.
14:30
Here's why:
338
858305
1602
Razlogi so sledeči:
14:31
Once they become ubiquitous,
339
859907
1753
Ko bodo nekoč postala vsakdanja,
14:33
each year, these vehicles will save
340
861660
2537
bodo ta vozila vsako leto rešila
14:36
tens of thousands of lives in the United States alone
341
864197
3108
na desettisoče življenj samo v ZDA
14:39
and a million globally.
342
867305
3127
in milijon globalno.
14:42
Automotive energy consumption and air pollution
343
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2899
Energetska poraba in onesnaženje
14:45
will be cut dramatically.
344
873331
2373
bosta drastično padli.
14:47
Much of the road congestion
345
875704
1405
Večina cestnih zastojev
14:49
in and out of our cities will disappear.
346
877109
3810
bo iz naših mest in izven njih izginila.
14:52
They will enable compelling new concepts
347
880919
2687
Omogočila bojo izvedbo
privlačnih novih idej
privlačnih novih idej
14:55
in how we design cities, work,
348
883606
2469
na področju zasnove mest, dela
14:58
and the way we live.
349
886075
1937
in načina življenja.
15:00
We will get where we're going faster
350
888012
2546
Hitreje bomo prispeli na cilj
15:02
and society will recapture vast amounts
351
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2998
in družba bo polovila ogromne količine
15:05
of lost productivity
352
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1291
izgubljene produktivnosti,
15:06
now spent sitting in traffic basically polluting.
353
894847
3641
ki se danes izgublja s tičanjem v zastoju
in hkratnim onesnaževanjem.
in hkratnim onesnaževanjem.
15:10
But why now? Why do we think this is ready?
354
898488
3273
Ampak zakaj zdaj?
Zakaj menimo, da smo pripravljeni?
Zakaj menimo, da smo pripravljeni?
15:13
Because over the last 30 years,
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Zato, ker so v zadnjih 30 letih
15:15
people from outside the automotive industry
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ljudje izven avtomobilske industrije
15:18
have spent countless billions
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vložili nešteto milijonov
15:20
creating the needed miracles,
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v ustvarjanje potrebnih čudežev,
15:21
but for entirely different purposes.
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a za povsem druge namene.
15:24
It took folks like DARPA, universities,
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Potrebovali smo ustanove kot
DARPA, univerze
DARPA, univerze
15:27
and companies completely
outside of the automotive industry
outside of the automotive industry
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in podjetja povsem izven
avtomobilske industrije,
avtomobilske industrije,
15:30
to notice that if you were clever about it,
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da smo opazili, da če bomo bistri
15:32
autonomy could be done now.
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bi lahko avtonomijo ustvarili zdaj.
15:35
So what are the five miracles
needed for autonomous vehicles?
needed for autonomous vehicles?
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Kaj je torej pet čudežev
potrebnih za avtonomna vozila?
potrebnih za avtonomna vozila?
15:38
One, you need to know
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Prvi je ta, da morate vedeti
15:40
where you are and exactly what time it is.
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kje ste in točno koliko je ura.
15:43
This was solved neatly by the GPS system,
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To je bilo lepo rešeno z GPS sistemom,
15:45
Global Positioning System,
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Globalnim Pozicijskim Sistemom,
15:46
that the U.S. Government put in place.
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ki ga je postavila ameriška vlada.
15:49
You need to know where all the roads are,
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Vedeti morate kje so vse ceste,
15:52
what the rules are, and where you're going.
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kakšna so pravila in kam greste.
15:54
The various needs of personal navigation systems,
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Različne potrebe osebnih
navigacijskih sistemov,
navigacijskih sistemov,
15:57
in-car navigation systems,
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avtomobilske navigacije
15:59
and web-based maps address this.
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in spletni zemljevidi rešujejo ta problem.
16:02
You must have near-continuous communication
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Potrebujete skoraj popolnoma
neprekinjeno komunikacijo
neprekinjeno komunikacijo
16:04
with high-performance computing networks
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z visoko zmogljivimi
računalniškimi omrežji
računalniškimi omrežji
16:06
and with others nearby
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iz z ostalimi v bližini,
16:08
to understand their intent.
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da razumete njihov namen.
16:11
The wireless technologies
developed for mobile devices,
developed for mobile devices,
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Brezžična tehnologija,
razvita za mobilne naprave,
razvita za mobilne naprave,
16:14
with some minor modifications,
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je z manjšimi prilagoditvami
16:16
are completely suitable to solve this.
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povsem ustrezna rešitev.
16:19
You'll probably want some restricted roadways
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Verjetno bi želeli nekaj rezerviranih cest
16:22
to get started
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za začetek,
16:23
that both society and its lawyers
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za katere bi se družba in njeni odvetniki
16:25
agree are safe to use for this.
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strinjali, da so varne za ta namen.
16:27
This will start with the HOV lanes
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Začelo bi se s posameznimi voznimi pasovi
16:29
and move from there.
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in se nadaljevalo od tam.
16:31
But finally, you need to recognize
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In nazadnje morate znati prepoznavati
16:34
people, signs and objects.
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ljudi, znake in objekte.
16:36
Machine vision, special sensors,
and high-performance computing
and high-performance computing
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Strojni vid, posebni senzorji
in visoko zmogljivi računalniki,
in visoko zmogljivi računalniki,
16:39
can do a lot of this,
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se lahko spoprimejo z večino tega,
16:40
but it turns out a lot is not good enough
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a kot kaže veliko ni dovolj dobro,
16:43
when your family is on board.
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ko je v avtu vaša družina.
16:45
Occasionally, humans will
need to do sense-making.
need to do sense-making.
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Občasno bodo morali ljudje
posegati v odločitve.
posegati v odločitve.
16:48
For this, you might actually have to wake up
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Za to bi avto mogoče moral
dejansko zbuditi
dejansko zbuditi
16:52
your passenger and ask them what the hell
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potnika in ga vprašati, kaj za vraga
16:54
that big lump is in the middle of the road.
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je ta velika kepa sredi ceste.
16:57
Not so bad, and it will give us a sense of purpose
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Ni slabo, in to bi nam dalo
nov občutek smisla
nov občutek smisla
16:59
in this new world.
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v takem novem svetu.
17:01
Besides, once the first drivers explain
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Poleg tega, ko bi voznik pojasnil
17:04
to their confused car
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svojemu zmedenemu avtu,
17:05
that the giant chicken at the fork in the road
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da je velikanski piščanec sredi križišča
17:08
is actually a restaurant,
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pravzaprav restavracija
17:09
and it's okay to keep driving,
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in da je varno peljati naprej,
17:12
every other car on the surface of the Earth
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bo tudi vsak drug avto na površju Zemlje
17:15
will know that from that point on.
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to vedel od tedaj dalje.
17:18
Five miracles, mostly delivered,
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Pet čudežev je tako
v veliki meri narejenih
v veliki meri narejenih
17:20
and now you just need a clear vision
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in sedaj potrebujete samo jasno vizijo
17:22
of a better world filled with autonomous vehicles
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boljšega sveta,
napolnjenega z avtonomnimi vozili
napolnjenega z avtonomnimi vozili
17:25
with seductively beautiful
and new functional designs
and new functional designs
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z zapeljivo lepimi in
novimi uporabnimi funkcijami
novimi uporabnimi funkcijami
17:29
plus a lot of money and hard work
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ter veliko denarja in trdega dela,
17:31
to bring it home.
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da to naredite.
17:33
The beginning is now only a handful of years away,
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Začetek je sedaj le nekaj let stran
17:36
and I predict that autonomous vehicles
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in napovedujem, da bodo avtonomna vozila
17:38
will permanently change our world
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trajno spremenila naš svet
17:40
over the next several decades.
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tekom nekaj prihodnjih desetletij.
17:44
In conclusion, I've come to believe
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Za zaključek;
Postopoma sem začel verjeti,
Postopoma sem začel verjeti,
17:47
that the ingredients for the next Pantheons
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da so sestavine za naslednje Panteone
17:49
are all around us,
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vse okrog nas,
17:50
just waiting for visionary people
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samo čakajoč na vizionarje
17:52
with the broad knowledge,
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z obširnim znanjem,
17:54
multidisciplinary skills,
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multidisciplinarnimi veščinami
17:56
and intense passion
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in močno strastjo,
17:58
to harness them to make their dreams a reality.
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da jih izkoristijo
in uresničijo svoje sanje.
in uresničijo svoje sanje.
18:03
But these people don't spontaneously
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A taki ljudje se ne pojavijo
18:05
pop into existence.
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kar spontano.
18:06
They need to be nurtured and encouraged
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Potrebno jih je negovati in vzpodbujati
18:08
from when they're little kids.
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že od otroštva.
18:10
We need to love them and help them
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Moramo jih ljubiti in jim pomagati
18:12
discover their passions.
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odkriti njihove strasti.
18:14
We need to encourage them to work hard
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Spodbujati jih moramo k trdemu delu
18:16
and help them understand that failure
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in jim pomagati razumeti, da je neuspeh
18:18
is a necessary ingredient for success,
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nujna sestavina uspeha,
18:21
as is perseverance.
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tako kot vztrajnost.
18:23
We need to help them to find their own role models,
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Pomagati jim moramo
odkriti njihove vzornike
odkriti njihove vzornike
18:26
and give them the confidence
to believe in themselves
to believe in themselves
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in jim dati samozavest, da verjamejo vase
18:29
and to believe that anything is possible,
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in da je vse mogoče.
18:32
and just as my grandpa did when
he took me shopping for surplus,
he took me shopping for surplus,
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Tako kot je to storil moj dedek,
ko sva brskala med odpadki,
ko sva brskala med odpadki,
18:35
and just as my parents did
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kot so to naredili moji starši,
18:37
when they took me to science museums,
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ko so me peljali v muzeje,
18:39
we need to encourage them to find their own path,
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jih moramo vzpodbujati,
da poiščejo svojo pot,
da poiščejo svojo pot,
18:43
even if it's very different from our own.
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čeprav je zelo drugačna od naše.
18:45
But a cautionary note:
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Toda, opozarjam:
18:47
We also need to periodically pry them away
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občasno jih moramo tudi odtrgati
18:49
from their modern miracles,
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od njihovih novodobnih čudežev,
18:50
the computers, phones, tablets,
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od računalnikov, telefonov, tablic,
18:52
game machines and TVs,
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igralnih konzol in televizij
18:54
take them out into the sunlight
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in jih odpeljati na sonce
18:56
so they can experience both the natural
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zato, da lahko izkusijo tako naravne
18:58
and design wonders of our world,
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kot oblikovne čudeže našega sveta,
19:01
our planet and our civilization.
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našega planeta in naše civilizacije.
19:04
If we don't, they won't understand
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Če jih ne bomo, ne bodo razumeli
19:07
what these precious things are
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kaj sploh so te dragocene reči
19:08
that someday they will be resopnsible
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in da bodo nekoč odgovorni
19:11
for protecting and improving.
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za njihovo zaščito in izboljšavo.
19:13
We also need them to understand
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Prav tako je nujno, da razumejo
19:15
something that doesn't seem adequately appreciated
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nekaj kar je vse premalo cenjeno
19:18
in our increasingly tech-dependent world,
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v našem vedno bolj tehnološko
odvisnem svetu:
odvisnem svetu:
19:20
that art and design
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da umetnost in oblikovanje
19:22
are not luxuries,
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nista razkošje
19:24
nor somehow incompatible
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niti nekaj nezdružljivega
19:26
with science and engineering.
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z znanostjo in inženirstvom.
19:28
They are in fact essential to what makes us special.
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Pravzaprav sta ključni za tisto
kar nas dela posebne.
kar nas dela posebne.
19:33
Someday, if you get the chance,
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Nekega dne, če boste imeli priložnost,
19:36
perhaps you can take your kids
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lahko mogoče peljete svoje otroke
19:37
to the actual Pantheon,
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v pravi Panteon,
19:39
as we will our daughter Kira,
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kot bova z ženo peljala
najino hčer Kiro,
najino hčer Kiro,
19:42
to experience firsthand
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da sama izkusi
19:44
the power of that astonishing design,
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moč te osupljive zasnove,
19:48
which on one otherwise unremarkable day in Rome,
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ki je na povsem običajen dan v Rimu
19:52
reached 2,000 years into the future
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segla 2.000 let v prihodnost,
19:55
to set the course for my life.
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da je določila pot mojega življenja.
19:58
Thank you.
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Hvala.
20:00
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bran Ferren - Technology designerOnce known for entertaining millions by creating special effects for Hollywood, theme parks and Broadway, Applied Minds cofounder Bran Ferren now solves impossible tech challenges with previously unimaginable inventions.
Why you should listen
After dropping out of MIT in 1970, Bran Ferren became a designer and engineer for theater, touring rock bands, and dozens of movies, including Altered States and Little Shop of Horrors, before joining Disney as a lead Imagineer, then becoming president of R&D for the Walt Disney Company.
In 2000, Ferren and partner Danny Hillis left Disney to found Applied Minds, a playful design and invention firm dedicated to distilling game-changing inventions from an eclectic stew of the brightest creative minds culled from every imaginable discipline.
Bran Ferren | Speaker | TED.com