ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Safdie - Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space.

Why you should listen

Moshe Safdie's master's thesis quickly became a cult building: his modular "Habitat '67" apartments for Montreal Expo '67. Within a dizzying pile of concrete, each apartment was carefully sited to have natural light and a tiny, private outdoor space for gardening. These themes have carried forward throughout Safdie's career -- his buildings tend to soak in the light, and to hold cozy, user-friendly spaces inside larger gestures.

He's a triple citizen of Canada, Israel and the United States, three places where the bulk of his buildings can be found: in Canada, the National Gallery in Ottawa, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Vancouver public library. For Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he designed the Children's Memorial and the Memorial to the Deportees; he's also built airport terminals in Tel Aviv. In the US, he designed the elegant and understated Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Masachusetts, and the Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas.

More profile about the speaker
Moshe Safdie | Speaker | TED.com
TED2002

Moshe Safdie: Building uniqueness

Moshe Safdie 談論建築的獨特性

Filmed:
615,508 views

建築師Moshe Safdie通過回顧他的職業生涯,深入探討了他其中四個設計工程並闡述了他如何將每個工程都建成對該區和使用者都獨一無二的建築。
- Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
So, what I'd like to talk about is something
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那,我想談的
00:17
that was very dear to Kahn's卡恩 heart, which哪一個 is:
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是對於karen來說非常珍貴的,就是,
00:19
how do we discover發現 what is really particular特定 about a project項目?
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如何發掘一個工程的獨特之處?
00:22
How do you discover發現 the uniqueness獨特性 of a project項目 as unique獨特 as a person?
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如何發掘一個工程的獨特之處,如同一個人般獨特,
00:28
Because it seems似乎 to me that finding發現 this uniqueness獨特性
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因為我覺得要找出獨特的地方,
00:31
has to do with dealing交易 with the whole整個 force of globalization全球化;
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必須得涉及全球化的影響:
00:41
that the particular特定 is central中央 to finding發現 the uniqueness獨特性 of place地點
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就是說這個獨特之處,是要找出一個地方的與眾不同之處,
00:47
and the uniqueness獨特性 of a program程序 in a building建造.
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及一棟大廈裡與眾不同的一個項目。
00:50
And so I'll take you to Wichita威奇托, Kansas堪薩斯,
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我現在帶你們到位於美国堪萨斯州的城市威奇托,
00:54
where I was asked some years年份 ago to do a science科學 museum博物館
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幾年前我應邀在那做一個科學博物館的設計,
00:57
on a site現場, right downtown市中心 by the river.
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地點位於市中心,在河旁邊。
01:02
And I thought the secret秘密 of the site現場 was to make the building建造 of the river, part部分 of the river.
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我想,這個位置的特點應該是將大樓建成河的一部分。
01:08
Unfortunately不幸, though雖然, the site現場 was separated分離 from the river by McLean麥克萊恩 Boulevard林蔭大道
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但不幸的是,這個地方與河被麥克萊恩大道分隔了開來。
01:13
so I suggested建議, "Let's reroute重新路由 McLean麥克萊恩,"
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所以我建議道,我們將麥克萊恩大道改道吧。
01:16
and that gave birth分娩 instantly即刻 to Friends of McLean麥克萊恩 Boulevard林蔭大道.
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麥克萊恩大道之友就這樣誕生(新修幾條道)。
01:20
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:25
And it took six months個月 to reroute重新路由 it.
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那改道工程花了六個月。
01:28
The first image圖片 I showed顯示 the building建造 committee委員會 was
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我給建築委員會看的第一幅圖是
01:34
this astronomic天文 observatory天文台 of Jantar Mantar天文台 in Jaipur齋浦爾
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齋普爾古天文臺的天文觀測台,
01:39
because I talked about what makes品牌 a building建造 a building建造 of science科學.
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因為我當時在談的是,甚麼可以使一座建築建成象徵科學的建築?
01:45
And it seemed似乎 to me that this structure結構體 -- complex複雜, rich豐富 and yet然而
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對我來說,那古天文臺的結構,建築群,豐富且
01:51
totally完全 rational合理的: it's an instrument儀器 -- had something to do with science科學,
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完全合理,它是一個工具,與科學有關,
01:54
and somehow不知何故 a building建造 for science科學 should be different不同 and unique獨特 and speak說話 of that.
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且為科學而建應該有所不同和獨特又同時能顯示出科學。
01:59
And so my first sketch草圖 after I left was to say,
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所以我最初的設想是
02:01
"Let's cut the channel渠道 and make an island and make an island building建造."
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切斷河道,​​形成一個島,建出一個島上的建築。
02:07
And I got all excited興奮 and came來了 back, and
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我感到很興奮,來告訴他們,但
02:10
they sort分類 of looked看著 at me in dismay沮喪 and said, "An island?
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他們卻失望得看著我說,一個島?
02:13
This used to be an island -- Ackerman阿克曼 Island --
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這裡曾經有一個島,阿克曼島,
02:15
and we filled填充 in the channel渠道 during the Depression蕭條 to create創建 jobs工作."
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但在大蕭條時為了創造就業機會填平了河道。
02:18
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:21
And so the process處理 began開始 and they said,
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所以當這項工程開始時,他們說
02:24
"You can't put it all on an island;
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你不能全建在一個島上,
02:26
some of it has to be on the mainland大陸 because
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一部分必須要在大陸上,因為
02:28
we don't want to turn our back to the community社區."
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我們不想讓社會倒退。
02:31
And there emerged出現 a design設計: the galleries畫廊 sort分類 of forming成型 an island
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然後就產生了一個設計,像形成一個島一樣的會展,
02:35
and you could walk步行 through通過 them or on the roof屋頂.
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你可以從裡面或房頂經過,
02:38
And there were all kinds of exciting扣人心弦 features特徵:
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但還是會有很多令人興奮的景觀,
02:41
you could come in through通過 the landside滑坡 buildings房屋,
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你可以經過陸地上的建築,
02:44
walk步行 through通過 the galleries畫廊 into playgrounds遊樂場 in the landscape景觀.
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通過會館到達平台--這裡能看到景色。
02:47
If you were cheap低廉 you could walk步行 on top最佳 of a bridge to the roof屋頂,
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如果你沒錢的話,你可以通過橋走向屋頂,
02:50
peek窺視 in the exhibits展品 and then get totally完全 seduced誘惑,
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看到景觀後往回,
02:54
come back and pay工資 the five dollars美元 admission入場.
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走回來然後付五美元門票錢。
02:56
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:58
And the client客戶 was happy快樂 -- well, sort分類 of happy快樂
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客戶們很開心,應該基本上開心吧,
03:00
because we were four million百萬 dollars美元 over the budget預算, but essentially實質上 happy快樂.
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儘管比預算多了四百萬美元。
03:04
But I was still troubled苦惱, and I was troubled苦惱 because I felt this was capricious任性.
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但我還是有一點困擾,因為我覺得變化有些多了,
03:10
It was complex複雜, but there was something capricious任性 about its complexity複雜.
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這是複雜的,但在複雜之外又多了些變化,
03:15
It was, what I would say, compositional成分 complexity複雜,
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這個,我是說,結構上的複雜
03:18
and I felt that if I had to fulfill履行 what I talked about --
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並且我覺得如果要實現我講的東西,
03:23
a building建造 for science科學 -- there had to be some kind of a generating發電 idea理念,
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闡述科學的建築,需要有一些創新的觀點--
03:26
some kind of a generating發電 geometry幾何.
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譬如一些新穎的幾何圖形。
03:29
And this gave birth分娩 to the idea理念 of having toroidal環形 generating發電 geometry幾何,
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這就產生了環形結構,
03:34
one with its center中央 deep in the earth地球 for the landside滑坡 building建造
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圍繞著的中心在很深的地下,
03:38
and a toroid環形 with its center中央 in the sky天空 for the island building建造.
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通過環形結構到達島上建築的上面。
03:44
A toroid環形, for those who don't know,
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圓環,對於不了解的人來說,
03:46
is the surface表面 of a doughnut甜甜圈 or, for some of us, a bagel麵包圈.
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像是甜圈的表面,或者是貝果(麵包圈),
03:50
And out of this idea理念 started開始 spinning紡織 off many許多,
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在這個想法外又產生了許多東西,
03:54
many許多 kinds of variations變化 of different不同 plans計劃 and possibilities可能性,
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不同計劃和可能性的變形,
03:59
and then the plan計劃 itself本身 evolved進化 in relationship關係 to the exhibits展品,
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然後規劃本身圍繞著展覽形成,
04:03
and you see the intersection路口 of the plan計劃 with the toroidal環形 geometry幾何.
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你可以看到規劃中環形結構的交叉部分。
04:09
And finally最後 the building建造 -- this is the model模型.
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最後是整個建築 -- 這是個模型。
04:12
And when there were complaints投訴 about budget預算, I said,
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每當有人抱怨預算時,我說,
04:14
"Well, it's worth價值 doing the island because you get twice兩次 for your money: reflections思考."
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建造這個島是物有所值的, 因為鏡像反射你會得到兩倍的錢的效果。
04:20
And here's這裡的 the building建造 as it opened打開,
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這是當建築剛開張的時候,
04:23
with a channel渠道 overlooking俯瞰 downtown市中心, and as seen看到 from downtown市中心.
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有一個通道可以俯瞰市中心,
04:28
And the bike自行車 route's路由的 going right through通過 the building建造,
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看下去的時候自行車道正好穿過建築,
04:31
so those traveling旅行 the river would see the exhibits展品 and be drawn to the building建造.
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所以路過河的人能看到展覽並被吸引到建築中。
04:40
The toroidal環形 geometry幾何 made製作 for a very efficient高效 building建造:
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環形結構使得建築非常有效。
04:43
every一切 beam光束 in this building建造 is the same相同 radius半徑, all laminated層壓 wood.
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建築中的每個橫梁都是同樣的半徑和木質,
04:48
Every一切 wall, every一切 concrete具體 wall is resisting抵制 the stresses應力 and supporting支持 the building建造.
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每一個牆和水泥牆,都承受著壓力並支撐著建築,
04:54
Every一切 piece of the building建造 works作品.
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建築的每一部分都有各自的用途。
04:57
These are the galleries畫廊 with the light coming未來 in through通過 the skylights天窗,
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在有些畫廊陽光可以從天窗照射進來,
05:02
and at night, and on opening開盤 day.
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在晚上和白天。
05:08
Going back to 1976.
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回到1976年
05:11
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
05:16
In 1976, I was asked to design設計 a children's兒童 memorial紀念館 museum博物館
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在1976年我被要求設計一個兒童的紀念館
05:21
in a Holocaust大屠殺 museum博物館 in Yad屠殺 Vashem大屠殺紀念館 in Jerusalem耶路撒冷,
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在耶路撒冷大屠殺紀念館中的大屠殺紀念館中,
05:25
which哪一個 you see here the campus校園.
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這裡你可以看到 -- 校園。
05:28
I was asked to do a building建造,
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我被要求設計的這個建築,
05:30
and I was given特定 all the artifacts文物 of clothing服裝 and drawings圖紙.
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我有所有的衣服和圖片的藝術品,
05:36
And I felt very troubled苦惱.
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我感到很困擾。
05:38
I worked工作 on it for months個月 and I couldn't不能 deal合同 with it
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我工作了幾個月卻並不能做出什麼,
05:40
because I felt people were coming未來 out of the historic歷史性 museum博物館,
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因為我覺得人們從歷史博物館中出來,
05:43
they are totally完全 saturated飽和的 with information信息
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他們已經資訊飽和了,
05:46
and to see yet然而 another另一個 museum博物館 with information信息,
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當又要參觀一個充滿資訊的博物館時,
05:49
it would make them just unable無法 to digest消化.
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會使他們感到難以消化的
05:53
And so I made製作 a counter-proposal反建議:
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所以我做了一個相反的計劃。
05:55
I said, "No building建造." There was a cave洞穴 on the site現場; we tunnel隧道 into the hill爬坡道,
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我說,不要建築物; 那裡有個洞穴,我們挖隧道進去,
06:02
descend降落 through通過 the rock into an underground地下 chamber.
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順著岩石一直到地下的房間。
06:08
There's an anteroom接待室 with photographs照片 of children孩子 who perished遇難
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通過一個掛滿了死去兒童照片的前廳,
06:12
and then you come into a large space空間.
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你會來到一個寬敞的空間,
06:16
There is a single candle蠟燭 flickering閃爍 in the center中央;
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這裡有一根蠟燭,在中心閃爍。
06:20
by an arrangement安排 of reflective反光 glasses眼鏡, it reflects反映 into infinity無窮 in all directions方向.
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通過放置很多的反射鏡,蠟燭的光可以射向各個方向,
06:27
You walk步行 through通過 the space空間, a voice語音 reads the names,
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當你經過這裡,有一個聲音念著
06:32
ages年齡 and place地點 of birth分娩 of the children孩子.
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小孩們的名字,年齡和出生地區。
06:34
This voice語音 does not repeat重複 for six months個月.
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這些聲音每半年會更換。
06:37
And then you descend降落 to light and to the north and to life.
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然後你會到達光亮的北方,充滿生機。
06:42
Well, they said, "People won't慣於 understand理解,
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但是,他們說,人們不會懂的 --
06:44
they'll他們會 think it's a discotheque迪斯科舞廳. You can't do that."
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他們認為這是一個迪斯科舞廳,你不能這樣做。
06:46
And they shelved擱置 the project項目. And it satSAT there for 10 years年份,
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所以他們否決了這個設計,耽擱了10年。
06:50
and then one day Abe安倍晉三 Spiegel明鏡 from Los洛杉磯 Angeles洛杉磯,
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直到有一天洛杉磯的埃德•史匹格,
06:54
who had lost丟失 his three-year-old三十歲 son兒子 at Auschwitz奧斯威辛,
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他在奧斯維辛集中營中失去了他3歲的兒子,
06:57
came來了, saw the model模型, wrote the check and it got built內置 10 years年份 later後來.
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當他看到這個模型,馬上寫了支票,所以這個建築終於能夠在10年之後得以建造。
07:03
So, many許多 years年份 after that in 1998,
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很多年之後,在1988年,
07:07
I was on one of my monthly每月一次 trips旅行 to Jerusalem耶路撒冷
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在我去耶路撒冷的月度旅行中,
07:11
and I got a call from the foreign國外 ministry saying,
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接到了外國大使館的電話,
07:14
"We've我們已經 got the Chief首席 Minister部長 of the Punjab旁遮普 here.
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說旁遮普的總理來了
07:20
He is on a state visit訪問. We took him on a visit訪問 to Yad屠殺 Vashem大屠殺紀念館,
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他是來進行國事訪問的。我們帶他參觀了大屠殺紀念館,
07:26
we took him to the children's兒童 memorial紀念館; he was extremely非常 moved移動.
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我們帶他到了兒童紀念館,他非常感動。
07:29
He's demanding嚴格 to meet遇到 the architect建築師. Could you come down and meet遇到 him in Tel聯繫電話 Aviv特拉維夫?"
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他要求會見這個設計師,在特拉维夫和他見面。
07:32
And I went down and Chief首席 Minister部長 Badal巴達爾 said to me,
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然後我去了,總理和我說,
07:37
"We Sikhs錫克教徒 have suffered遭遇 a great deal合同, as you have Jews猶太人.
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我們錫克民族也受過很大的災難,和猶太民族一樣。
07:42
I was very moved移動 by what I saw today今天.
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我對於我今天所見到的很受感動。
07:45
We are going to build建立 our national國民 museum博物館 to tell the story故事 of our people;
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我們要建造一座自己國家博物館來展示我們的歷史;
07:49
we're about to embark從事 on that.
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我們希望能從這得到振興。
07:51
I'd like you to come and design設計 it."
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我希望你能來設計它。
07:53
And so, you know, it's one of those things that you don't take too seriously認真地.
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但是你知道,這是不用太當真的事情。
07:59
But two weeks later後來, I was in this little town, AnandpurAnandpur SahibSahib的,
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但是兩週後我來到了這個小鎮,Anandpur Sahib,
08:04
outside Chandigarh昌迪加爾, the capital首都 of the Punjab旁遮普,
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在旁遮普省的首都昌迪加爾外,
08:08
and the temple寺廟 and also next下一個 to it the fortress堡壘
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有一座廟宇,緊鄰著堡壘
08:13
that the last guru領袖 of the Sikhs錫克教徒, Guru領袖 Gobind戈賓德, died死亡 in
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是錫克家族最後的宗師戈賓死的地方,
08:18
as he wrote the Khalsa卡爾薩, which哪一個 is their holy scripture聖經.
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他寫了民族的聖書卡爾薩。
08:23
And I got to work and they took me somewhere某處 down there,
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我要展開工作,他們就把我帶到了那裡,
08:28
nine kilometers公里 away from the town and the temple寺廟,
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和城市和廟宇都有9公里遠,
08:30
and said, "That's where we have chosen選擇 the location位置."
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說我們已經選擇好了位置。
08:33
And I said, "This just doesn't make any sense.
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然後我說,這個位置不好。
08:37
The pilgrims朝聖者 come here by the hundreds數以百計 of thousands數千 --
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朝聖者的數目成百上千 --
08:40
they're not going to get in trucks卡車 and buses公共汽車 and go down there.
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他們不會搭乘鐵路和公車走到這裡,
08:43
Let's get back to the town and walk步行 to the site現場."
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讓我們回到城裡,選擇能夠走到的地點。
08:46
And I recommended推薦的 they do it right there, on that hill爬坡道
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我建議他們就在那邊的山上建造,
08:49
and this hill爬坡道, and bridge all the way into the town.
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這座山可以直接通往市裡,
08:53
And, as things are a little easier更輕鬆 in India印度, the site現場 was purchased購買 within a week
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因為在印度,這種事就很簡單了,在一個星期內就買好了建造的土地,
08:59
and we were working加工.
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然後我們開始工作。
09:01
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
09:02
And my proposal提案 was to split分裂 the museum博物館 into two --
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我的建議是將這個博物館分成兩部分:
09:06
the permanent常駐 exhibits展品 at one end結束, the auditorium禮堂, library圖書館,
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一部分是永久性的展覽,禮堂,圖書館,
09:11
and changing改變 exhibitions展覽 on the other --
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另一部分是變化的展覽。
09:13
to flood洪水 the valley into a series系列 of water gardens花園
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為了能使河谷流向果園,
09:17
and to link鏈接 it all to the fort and to the downtown市中心.
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並且將城堡和城市相連。
09:21
And the structures結構 rise上升 from the sand cliffs懸崖 --
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這個結構建立在沙崖上。
09:25
they're built內置 in concrete具體 and sandstones砂岩; the roofs屋頂 are stainless不銹 steel --
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用混凝土和沙石建造,屋頂是不銹鋼,
09:30
they are facing面對 south and reflecting反映 light towards the temple寺廟 itself本身,
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建築朝南,並且反射廟宇的光線,
09:35
pedestrians行人 crisscross交錯 from one side to the other.
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遊客在一邊和另一邊中交叉前進,
09:38
And as you come from the north, it is all masonry石工 growing生長 out of the sand cliffs懸崖
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從北邊看都是沙石上的工程,
09:44
as you come from the Himalayas喜馬拉雅山 and evoking喚起 the tradition傳統 of the fortress堡壘.
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從喜馬拉雅上角度看,就有種傳統城堡的感覺。
09:50
And then I went away for four months個月
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然後我離開了四個月,
09:52
and there was going to be groundbreaking奠基.
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這裡要開始動土了。
09:54
And I came來了 back and, lo and behold不料, the little model模型 I'd left behind背後
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我回來了,看到我以前的小小模型
09:57
had been built內置 ten times bigger for public上市 display顯示 on site現場
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變成了10倍大的供大眾遊覽的建築了,
10:01
and ... the bridge was built內置!
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連橋也建了。
10:04
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
10:11
Within the working加工 drawings圖紙!
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在繪製的草圖中!
10:14
And half a million百萬 people gathered雲集 for the celebrations慶祝活動;
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50萬人歡聚慶典,
10:20
you can see them on the site現場 itself本身 as the foundations基金會 are beginning開始.
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你可以在這裡當開始建造的時候看到。
10:24
I was renamed改名 Safdie薩夫迪 Singh辛格. And there it is under construction施工;
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它被重命名為 Safdie辛格,並開始動工 -
10:29
there are 1,800 workers工人 at work and it will be finished in two years年份.
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這裡有1800名工人工作,計劃在兩年後完成。
10:34
Back to Yad屠殺 Vashem大屠殺紀念館 three years年份 ago. After all this episode插曲 began開始,
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在3年前的大屠殺紀念館,當開始建造時,
10:39
Yad屠殺 Vashem大屠殺紀念館 decided決定 to rebuild重建 completely全然 the historic歷史性 museum博物館
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大屠殺紀念館決定重造歷史博物館,
10:43
because now Washington華盛頓 was built內置 -- the Holocaust大屠殺 Museum博物館 in Washington華盛頓 --
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因為新的華盛頓已經建造了新的屠殺紀念館,
10:46
and that museum博物館 is so much more comprehensive全面 in terms條款 of information信息.
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那個博物館擁有了更多更廣的訊息。
10:51
And Yad屠殺 Vashem大屠殺紀念館 needs需求 to deal合同 with three million百萬 visitors遊客 a year at this point.
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大屠殺紀念館一年需要招待3百萬名遊客,
10:55
They said, "Let's rebuild重建 the museum博物館."
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他們說,讓我們重建博物館。
10:57
But of course課程, the Sikhs錫克教徒 might威力 give you a job工作 on a platter大盤子 -- the Jews猶太人 make it hard:
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但是當然,錫克民族給你的工作也許毫不費勁,可猶太民族的變難了。
11:01
international國際 competition競爭, phase one, phase two, phase three.
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國際競爭,第一階段,第二階段,第三階段。
11:06
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
11:08
And again, I felt kind of uncomfortable不舒服 with the notion概念
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但是同樣的,我感到困惑
11:12
that a building建造 the size尺寸 of the Washington華盛頓 building建造 --
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對於華盛頓建築的規模,
11:17
50,000 square廣場 feet -- will sit on that fragile脆弱 hill爬坡道
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50000平方英尺, 將在脆弱的山上建造,
11:21
and that we will go into galleries畫廊 -- rooms客房 with doors
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然後會有展館,有門的房間
11:25
and sort分類 of familiar rooms客房 -- to tell the story故事 of the Holocaust大屠殺.
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和很常規的房間介紹大屠殺的故事。
11:29
And I proposed建議 that we cut through通過 the mountain. That was my first sketch草圖.
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我建議從山中穿過 - 這是我的第一個設想,
11:34
Just cut the whole整個 museum博物館 through通過 the mountain --
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將整個博物館放在山中,
11:36
enter輸入 from one side of the mountain,
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從山的一側進入,
11:38
come out on the other side of the mountain --
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從山的另一側出來,
11:40
and then bring帶來 light through通過 the mountain into the chambers.
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可以讓山外的陽光進入室內
11:44
And here you see the model模型:
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你可以從模型中看到,
11:47
a reception招待會 building建造 and some underground地下 parking停車處.
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接待樓和地下停車場。
11:50
You cross交叉 a bridge, you enter輸入 this triangular三角形的 room房間, 60 feet high,
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跨過一座橋,進入了三角形屋子,60英尺高,
11:56
which哪一個 cuts削減 right into the hill爬坡道
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位在右邊的山上
11:58
and extends擴展 right through通過 as you go towards the north.
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穿過了山並延伸到北部。
12:03
And all of it, then, all the galleries畫廊 are underground地下,
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所有的會館都在地下。
12:06
and you see the openings開口 for the light.
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你可以看到陽光,
12:09
And at night, just one line of light cuts削減 through通過 the mountain,
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在晚上,只有一道光會穿過山,
12:12
which哪一個 is a skylight天空之光 on top最佳 of that triangle三角形.
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這就是在三角形頂部的光。
12:16
And all the galleries畫廊,
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當你一個個會館地參觀下去--
12:20
as you move移動 through通過 them and so on, are below下面 grade年級.
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所有展覽都是在地下。
12:23
And there are chambers carved in the rock --
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在岩石中有雕刻的屋子 --
12:28
concrete具體 walls牆壁, stone, the natural自然 rock when possible可能 -- with the light shafts.
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混凝土的牆,石頭,天然的石塊 -- 加上天窗,
12:32
This is actually其實 a Spanish西班牙語 quarry採石場, which哪一個 sort分類 of inspired啟發
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這實際上是來自西班牙採石場的靈感,
12:38
the kind of spaces空間 that these galleries畫廊 could be.
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那裡也有類似的展廳。
12:41
And then, coming未來 towards the north, it opens打開 up:
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然後,到了北方,視野變得開闊:
12:44
it bursts連發 out of the mountain into, again, a view視圖 of light and of the city
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從山中再次到達陽光和城市,
12:50
and of the Jerusalem耶路撒冷 hills丘陵.
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和耶路撒冷的山。
12:55
I'd like to conclude得出結論 with a project項目 I've been working加工 on for two months個月.
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最後我想講講我現在工作了兩個月的工程。
13:00
It's the headquarters司令部 for the Institute研究所 of Peace和平 in Washington華盛頓,
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在華盛頓的和平學院的總部,
13:06
the U.S. Institute研究所 of Peace和平.
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美國和平學院,
13:08
The site現場 chosen選擇 is across橫過 from the Lincoln林肯 Memorial紀念館;
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位置選在林肯紀念碑旁 --
13:13
you see it there directly on the Mall購物中心. It's the last building建造 on the Mall購物中心,
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你從那裡可以看到,是大道上的最後一個建築,
13:17
on access訪問 of the Roosevelt羅斯福 Bridge that comes in from Virginia弗吉尼亞州.
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可以從弗吉尼亞州通過羅斯福橋到達。
13:22
That too was a competition競爭, and it is something I'm just beginning開始 to work on.
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這也是個競爭,並且是我才著手處理的。
13:30
But one recognized認可 the kind of uniqueness獨特性 of the site現場.
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但是可以看到這個選地點的獨特性,
13:34
If it were to be anywhere隨地 in Washington華盛頓,
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如果在華盛頓的任何位置,
13:36
it would be an office辦公室 building建造, a conference會議 center中央,
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建築可以是寫字樓,會議中心,和平談判的地方等等,各種建築都可以
13:39
a place地點 for negotiating談判 peace和平 and so on -- all of which哪一個 the building建造 is --
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和平談判的地方等等,各種建築都可以
13:43
but by virtue美德 of the choice選擇 of putting it on the Mall購物中心 and by the Lincoln林肯 Memorial紀念館,
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但是實際上選在大道上,緊挨著林肯紀念碑,
13:47
this becomes the structure結構體 that is the symbol符號 of peace和平 on the Mall購物中心.
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這就是街上和平的標誌,
13:52
And that was a lot of heat to deal合同 with.
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這需要很深入的考慮。
13:57
The first sketch草圖 recognizes識別 that the building建造 is many許多 spaces空間 --
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最初的手稿是將建築分為許多部分 --
14:01
spaces空間 where research研究 goes on, conference會議 centers中心,
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研究中心,會議中心,
14:06
a public上市 building建造 because it will be a museum博物館 devoted忠誠 to peacemaking締造和平 --
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公共建築,因為這是為了和平而建立的博物館。
14:10
and these are the drawings圖紙 that we submitted提交 for the competition競爭,
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這是我們參加競爭的繪圖,
14:14
the plans計劃 showing展示 the spaces空間 which哪一個 radiate輻射 outwards向外 from the entry條目.
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展示了從如何空間呈輻射狀,
14:19
You see the structure結構體 as, in the sequence序列 of structures結構 on the Mall購物中心,
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你看到的結構是大街上結構的次序:
14:23
very transparent透明 and inviting誘人的 and looking in.
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非常透明,吸引人往內看。
14:27
And then as you enter輸入 it again, looking in all directions方向 towards the city.
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當你在裡面,可以從各個角度欣賞這個城市,
14:32
And what I felt about that building建造 is that it really was a building建造
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我感覺這個建築確實是個建築,
14:36
that had to do with a lightness亮度 of being存在 -- to quote引用 Kundera昆德拉 --
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和光相關, 引用昆德拉的話 --
14:43
that it had to do with whiteness白度,
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和白色有關,
14:45
it had to do with a certain某些 dynamic動態 quality質量 and it had to do with optimism樂觀.
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和動態構設有關,和樂觀的心態有關。
14:51
And this is where it is; it's sort分類 of evolving進化.
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就是這樣,很前衛的。
14:56
Studies學習 for the structure結構體 of the roof屋頂,
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屋頂結構的報告,
14:59
which哪一個 demands需要 maybe new materials物料:
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表明我們可能需要新的材料,
15:03
how to make it white白色, how to make it translucent半透明, how to make it glowing泛著,
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怎樣才能讓建築變得白,透明,並且會發光,
15:07
how to make it not capricious任性.
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而不是過於任性的變化。
15:12
And here studying研究, in three dimensions尺寸,
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從三維空間角度,
15:15
how to give some kind, again, of order訂購, a structure結構體;
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怎樣呈現溫和的狀態和結構,
15:21
not something you feel you could just change更改
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而不是能夠任意改變
15:23
because you stop the design設計 of that particular特定 process處理.
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僅僅因為你停止了對某一過程的設計,
15:31
And so it goes.
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就這樣繼續下去了。
15:37
I'd like to conclude得出結論 by saying something ...
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我想說些話作為結束 --
15:39
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
15:47
I'd like to conclude得出結論 by relating有關 all of what I've said to the term術語 "beauty美女."
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我想透過談論「美態」這個話題來結束,
15:53
And I know it is not a fashionable時髦 term術語 these days,
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我知道這個詞語在現在並不流行,
15:56
and certainly當然 not fashionable時髦 in the discourse演講 of architectural建築的 schools學校,
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當然在建築學校的課程中也不流行。
16:00
but it seems似乎 to me that all this, in one way or the other, is a search搜索 for beauty美女.
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但是對我來說,我所做的一切都是為了尋找美態。
16:06
Beauty美女 in the most profound深刻 sense of fit適合.
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態麗是最深切的切合。
16:09
I have a quote引用 that I like by a morphologist形態學者, 1917,
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我引用我很喜歡的形態學家的一句話, 1917年,
16:18
Theodore西奧多 Cook廚師, who said, "Beauty美女 connotes張三 humanity人性.
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西奧多•庫克說的,「美麗意味著人性。
16:22
We call a natural自然 object目的 beautiful美麗 because we see
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我們說一個天然的物體是美麗的,因為我們可以看到
16:26
that its form形成 expresses表達 fitness身體素質, the perfect完善 fulfillment履行 of function功能."
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它的形狀剛好適合,功能完美履行。」
16:31
Well, I would have said the perfect完善 fulfillment履行 of purpose目的.
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但,我會說,完美為了滿足目的。
16:35
Nevertheless雖然, beauty美女 as the kind of fit適合; something that tells告訴 us
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無論如何,美麗是一種適合,有時候美麗會告訴我們
16:40
that all the forces軍隊 that have to do with our natural自然 environment環境
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自然環境的各種力量
16:44
have been fulfilled完成 -- and our human人的 environment環境 -- for that.
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已經實現了 -- 我們的人類環境 -- 這一點。
16:48
Twenty二十 years年份 ago, in a conference會議 Richard理查德 and I were at together一起,
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20年前, 在理查德和我一同參加的一個會上,
16:53
I wrote a poem, which哪一個 seems似乎 to me to still hold保持 for me today今天.
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我寫了一首詩,在今天同樣適用。
16:58
"He who seeks尋求 truth真相 shall find beauty美女. He who seeks尋求 beauty美女 shall find vanity虛榮.
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「尋求真理能夠得到美, 尋求美卻會得到空虛。
17:05
He who seeks尋求 order訂購 shall find gratification享樂.
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尋求秩序令人滿足。
17:09
He who seeks尋求 gratification享樂 shall be disappointed失望.
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尋求滿足,卻只會變得失望。
17:13
He who considers考慮 himself他自己 the servant僕人 of his fellow同伴 beings眾生
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認為自己為同伴服務的人
17:16
shall find the joy喜悅 of self-expression自我表現. He who seeks尋求 self-expression自我表現
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會發現自我實現的喜悅。而尋求自我實現的人,
17:22
shall fall秋季 into the pit of arrogance傲慢.
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卻會導致驕傲,
17:24
Arrogance傲慢 is incompatible不相容 with nature性質.
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驕​​傲和自然是不相符的。
17:27
Through通過 nature性質, the nature性質 of the universe宇宙 and the nature性質 of man,
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通過自然,宇宙和人類的本質,
17:30
we shall seek尋求 truth真相. If we seek尋求 truth真相, we shall find beauty美女."
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我們應當尋求真理,如果我們尋找真理,我們就會發現美。」
17:34
Thank you very much. (Applause掌聲)
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非常感谢。
Translated by zhang haohan
Reviewed by Ana Choi

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Safdie - Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space.

Why you should listen

Moshe Safdie's master's thesis quickly became a cult building: his modular "Habitat '67" apartments for Montreal Expo '67. Within a dizzying pile of concrete, each apartment was carefully sited to have natural light and a tiny, private outdoor space for gardening. These themes have carried forward throughout Safdie's career -- his buildings tend to soak in the light, and to hold cozy, user-friendly spaces inside larger gestures.

He's a triple citizen of Canada, Israel and the United States, three places where the bulk of his buildings can be found: in Canada, the National Gallery in Ottawa, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Vancouver public library. For Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he designed the Children's Memorial and the Memorial to the Deportees; he's also built airport terminals in Tel Aviv. In the US, he designed the elegant and understated Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Masachusetts, and the Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas.

More profile about the speaker
Moshe Safdie | Speaker | TED.com