TED2016
Alice Rawsthorn: Pirates, nurses and other rebel designers
愛莉絲．羅斯隆: 海盜、護士，與其它叛逆的設計師
Filmed:
Readability: 5.9
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在這段對設計界叛逆人士的頌歌裡，愛莉絲．羅斯隆把目光放在讓人意想不到的設計英雄，比如海盜黑鬍子以及南丁格爾。從這些大膽的夢想家，到近代設計界的遠見者，比如巴克敏斯特．富勒。羅斯隆解釋為什麼偉大的設計師往往都是最叛逆的一群人。
Alice Rawsthorn - Design critic
Columnist and author Alice Rawsthorn illuminates the mesh of design woven into every aspect of our everyday lives and communities. Full bio
Columnist and author Alice Rawsthorn illuminates the mesh of design woven into every aspect of our everyday lives and communities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Design is a slippery
and elusive phenomenon,
and elusive phenomenon,
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「設計」是一閃即逝的靈光乍現。
00:15
which has meant different
things at different times.
things at different times.
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它在不同的時空，
有不同的含義。
有不同的含義。
00:19
But all truly inspiring design projects
have one thing in common:
have one thing in common:
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但所有真正激勵人心的設計，
都有一個共同點：
都有一個共同點：
00:23
they began with a dream.
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它們源自夢想。
00:25
And the bolder the dream,
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越是大膽的夢想，
00:27
the greater the design feat
that will be required to achieve it.
that will be required to achieve it.
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越需要優秀的設計來成就它。
00:30
And this is why the greatest
designers are almost always
designers are almost always
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這也是為什麼
最了不起的設計家總是那些
最了不起的設計家總是那些
00:34
the biggest dreamers
and rebels and renegades.
and rebels and renegades.
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懷著雄心的夢想家，
叛逆份子與叛徒。
叛逆份子與叛徒。
00:38
This has been the case throughout history,
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縱觀歷史也是如此，
00:41
all the way back to the year 300 BC,
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可以回溯到公元前 300 年。
00:45
when a 13-year-old became the king
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當時一位十三歲的少年
00:48
of a remote, very poor
and very small Asian country.
and very small Asian country.
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在一個遙遠、貧困的
亞洲小國登基為王。
亞洲小國登基為王。
00:53
He dreamt of acquiring land,
riches and power
riches and power
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他夢想用武力征服領土、
財富以及權力。
財富以及權力。
00:56
through military conquest.
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00:58
And his design skills --
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而他的設計本領，
01:00
improbable though it sounds --
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雖然聽起來有點不可思議，
01:01
would be essential
in enabling him to do so.
in enabling him to do so.
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但正是助他達成目標的基礎。
01:05
At the time,
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在當時，
01:06
all weapons were made by hand
to different specifications.
to different specifications.
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所有的武器是以各不相同的規格，
手工打造而成。
手工打造而成。
01:10
So if an archer ran out
of arrows during a battle,
of arrows during a battle,
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當一個弓箭手在戰場上
用盡自己所有的箭，
用盡自己所有的箭，
01:13
they wouldn't necessarily be able
to fire another archer's arrows
to fire another archer's arrows
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他不見得能拿其它人的箭來發射。
01:17
from their bow.
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01:19
This of course meant that they would
be less effective in combat
be less effective in combat
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這讓他們在戰鬥時缺乏效率，
01:22
and very vulnerable, too.
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而且脆弱。
01:25
Ying solved this problem
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嬴政解決了這個問題。
01:26
by insisting that all bows and arrows
were designed identically,
were designed identically,
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他堅持所有的弓與箭
都設計得一模一樣，
都設計得一模一樣，
01:31
so they were interchangeable.
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以利交互使用，
01:32
And he did the same for daggers,
axes, spears, shields
axes, spears, shields
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且用相同的方式處理
匕首、斧頭、長矛和盾牌，
匕首、斧頭、長矛和盾牌，
01:36
and every other form of weaponry.
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以及其它的武器裝備。
01:40
His formidably equipped army
won batter after battle,
won batter after battle,
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他裝備精良的軍隊
贏了一場又一場的戰役。
贏了一場又一場的戰役。
01:43
and within 15 years,
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十五年內，
01:45
his tiny kingdom had
succeeded in conquering
succeeded in conquering
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他的小王國成功征服了
01:48
all its larger, richer,
more powerful neighbors,
more powerful neighbors,
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鄰近所有比它強大而富有的國家，
01:51
to found the mighty Chinese Empire.
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並建立了大秦帝國。
01:55
Now, no one, of course,
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在當時，沒有人
01:56
would have thought of describing
Ying Zheng as a designer at the time --
Ying Zheng as a designer at the time --
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會想到用「設計家」來稱呼嬴政。
02:00
why would they?
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那是當然。
02:01
And yet he used design
unknowingly and instinctively
unknowingly and instinctively
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然而，他自然而然地使用設計，
02:05
but with tremendous ingenuity
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加上極致的創造力，
02:07
to achieve his ends.
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去達成他的目標。
02:09
And so did another equally
improbable, accidental designer,
improbable, accidental designer,
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另一位不可多得的設計家也是如此。
02:14
who was also not above using
violence to get what he wanted.
violence to get what he wanted.
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相同地，他並非使用暴力
來達到他的目的。
來達到他的目的。
02:18
This was Edward Teach, better known
as the British pirate, Blackbeard.
as the British pirate, Blackbeard.
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這是愛德華．蒂奇，
著名的英國海盜「黑鬍子」。
著名的英國海盜「黑鬍子」。
02:24
This was the golden age of piracy,
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那是海盜的黃金時代，
02:26
where pirates like Teach
were terrorizing the high seas.
were terrorizing the high seas.
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盜賊橫行在公海上。
02:29
Colonial trade was flourishing,
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當殖民地貿易蒸蒸日上，
02:31
and piracy was highly profitable.
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海盜也獲利豐厚。
02:34
And the smarter pirates like him
realized that to maximize their spoils,
realized that to maximize their spoils,
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像是蒂奇這樣更精明的海盜，
知道若要劫掠最多的贓物，
知道若要劫掠最多的贓物，
02:39
they needed to attack
their enemies so brutally
their enemies so brutally
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他們需要殘酷而猛烈地攻擊敵人，
02:43
that they would surrender on sight.
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迫使對方迅速投降。
02:45
So in other words,
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換句話說，
02:46
they could take the ships
without wasting ammunition,
without wasting ammunition,
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他們可以不費彈藥地攻下船隻，
02:49
or incurring casualties.
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不損一兵一卒。
02:51
So Edward Teach redesigned
himself as Blackbeard
himself as Blackbeard
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為此愛德華．蒂奇
重新打造自己成「黑鬍子」，
重新打造自己成「黑鬍子」，
02:55
by playing the part of a merciless brute.
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扮演一個冷血的惡魔。
02:57
He wore heavy jackets and big hats
to accentuate his height.
to accentuate his height.
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他穿著厚重外套和大帽子，
以突顯他的身高，
以突顯他的身高，
03:01
He grew the bushy black beard
that obscured his face.
that obscured his face.
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並蓄起濃密的黑鬍子
來掩蓋他的臉。
來掩蓋他的臉。
03:05
He slung braces of pistols
on either shoulder.
on either shoulder.
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他把手槍斜背在雙肩上。
03:08
He even attached matches to the brim
of his hat and set them alight,
of his hat and set them alight,
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他甚至把火柴裝在帽緣，
03:12
so they sizzled menacingly
whenever his ship was poised to attack.
whenever his ship was poised to attack.
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每當他的船隻準備攻擊，
就點燃火柴，發出兇狠的嘶鳴。
就點燃火柴，發出兇狠的嘶鳴。
03:17
And like many pirates of that era,
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如同當時的其它海盜，
03:19
he flew a flag that bore
the macabre symbols
the macabre symbols
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他升起的旗幟上，
有令人毛骨悚然的符號：
有令人毛骨悚然的符號：
03:22
of a human skull
and a pair of crossed bones,
and a pair of crossed bones,
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是骷髏頭與一對交叉的人骨。
03:26
because those motifs had signified death
in so many cultures for centuries,
in so many cultures for centuries,
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由於數百年來這些圖案
在不同的文化中都代表死亡。
在不同的文化中都代表死亡。
03:31
that their meaning
was instantly recognizable,
was instantly recognizable,
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因此人們能在瞬間
明白它們的含義，
明白它們的含義，
03:34
even in the lawless, illiterate
world of the high seas:
world of the high seas:
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即便是在沒有法律
與文字的公海上也一樣：
與文字的公海上也一樣：
03:38
surrender or you'll suffer.
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「束手投降，以免遭於難。」
03:40
So of course, all his sensible
victims surrendered on sight.
victims surrendered on sight.
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而他明智的受害者
皆在對峙之初就放棄扺抗。
皆在對峙之初就放棄扺抗。
03:44
Put like that,
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這樣說來，
03:46
it's easy to see why Edward Teach
and his fellow pirates
and his fellow pirates
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很容易明白為什麼
愛德華．蒂奇和他的海盜，
愛德華．蒂奇和他的海盜，
03:50
could be seen as pioneers
of modern communications design,
of modern communications design,
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可以被視為現代傳播設計的先行者，
03:55
and why their deadly symbol --
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而他們致命的符號...
03:57
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:58
there's more --
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還有喔，
03:59
why their deadly symbol
of the skull and crossbones
of the skull and crossbones
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他們致命的符號，
這個骷髏頭的圖案，
這個骷髏頭的圖案，
04:02
was a precursor of today's logos,
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是現代商標的先驅，
04:04
rather like the big red letters
standing behind me,
standing behind me,
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就像我身後的這些巨大的紅色字母，
04:08
but of course with a different message.
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當然它們表達的訊息差很多。
04:10
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:11
Yet design was also used to nobler ends
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此外，設計也被用在高尚的一方。
04:14
by an equally brilliant and equally
improbable designer,
improbable designer,
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另一位同樣才華橫溢、
難以多得的設計家，
難以多得的設計家，
04:18
the 19th-century British nurse,
Florence Nightingale.
Florence Nightingale.
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是十九世紀的英國護士
佛羅倫斯．南丁格爾。
佛羅倫斯．南丁格爾。
04:22
Her mission was to provide
decent healthcare for everyone.
decent healthcare for everyone.
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她的使命是為眾人
提供良好的醫療服務。
提供良好的醫療服務。
04:27
Nightingale was born into a rather
grand, very wealthy British family,
grand, very wealthy British family,
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南丁格爾生於一個
富有的英國大家庭。
富有的英國大家庭。
04:31
who were horrified when she volunteered
to work in military hospitals
to work in military hospitals
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她自願在克里米亞戰爭
投入軍醫工作時，
投入軍醫工作時，
家人都感到非常震驚。
04:35
during the Crimean War.
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04:37
Once there, she swiftly realized
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抵達之後，她迅速意識到
04:40
that more patients were dying
of infections that they caught there,
of infections that they caught there,
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在骯髒惡臭的病房裡
受到感染的致死人數，
受到感染的致死人數，
04:43
in the filthy, fetid wards,
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04:45
than they were of battle wounds.
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高於在戰鬥中遭受的創傷。
04:47
So she campaigned
for cleaner, lighter, airier clinics
for cleaner, lighter, airier clinics
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因此她發起運動
去設計建造更乾淨明亮、
空氣流通的診所。
空氣流通的診所。
04:52
to be designed and built.
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04:54
Back in Britain,
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回到英國後，
04:55
she mounted another campaign,
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她參與了另一項運動，
04:57
this time for civilian hospitals,
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這次是推動平民醫院。
04:59
and insisted that the same design
principles were applied to them.
principles were applied to them.
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她堅持這些醫院也要
符合相同的設計與準則。
符合相同的設計與準則。
05:03
The Nightingale ward, as it is called,
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這樣的「南丁格爾病房」
05:06
dominated hospital design
for decades to come,
for decades to come,
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在接下來幾十年
成為醫院設計的主流。
成為醫院設計的主流。
05:09
and elements of it are still used today.
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而其中的一些元素
一直延用到今日。
一直延用到今日。
05:13
But by then,
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但在那之後，
05:15
design was seen as a tool
of the Industrial Age.
of the Industrial Age.
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在工業時代，
設計僅被視為一項工具，
設計僅被視為一項工具，
05:18
It was formalized and professionalized,
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主要用在規格化與專業化。
05:20
but it was restricted to specific roles
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它被限制了特定功能，
通常用在追求商業目標，
05:23
and generally applied in pursuit
of commercial goals
of commercial goals
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而非出於直覺的應用，
05:26
rather than being used intuitively,
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05:28
as Florence Nightingale, Blackbeard
and Ying Zheng had done.
and Ying Zheng had done.
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像是南丁格爾、黑鬍子，
或是秦始王曾經做到的。
或是秦始王曾經做到的。
05:33
By the 20th century,
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到了二十世紀，
05:34
this commercial ethos was so powerful,
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這個商業思潮是如此強勢，
05:37
that any designers who deviated from it
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任何偏離它的設計者
05:40
risked being seen as cranks
or subversives.
or subversives.
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皆冒著被視為怪人
或破壞分子的風險。
或破壞分子的風險。
05:44
Now among them is one
of my great design heroes,
of my great design heroes,
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他們之中，有一位是我的偶像，
05:48
the brilliant László Moholy-Nagy.
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那就是天才洋溢的
拉士羅．摩荷里．那基。
拉士羅．摩荷里．那基。
05:50
He was the Hungarian artist and designer
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他是匈牙利的藝術家與設計師，
05:53
whose experiments with the impact
of technology on daily life
of technology on daily life
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他的創新對日用科技的衝擊
是如此深遠，
05:58
were so powerful
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05:59
that they still influence
the design of the digital images
the design of the digital images
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直至今日仍影響著
我們手機和電腦螢幕上的
我們手機和電腦螢幕上的
06:02
we see on our phone and computer screens.
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數位影像設計。
06:05
He radicalized the Bauhaus Design
School in 1920s Germany,
School in 1920s Germany,
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在1920年代的德國，
他徹底改變了包浩斯設計學院。
他徹底改變了包浩斯設計學院。
06:10
and yet some of his former
colleagues shunned him
colleagues shunned him
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但數年後，當他推展
芝加哥分校遇到困難時，
芝加哥分校遇到困難時，
06:13
when he struggled to open a new
Bauhaus in Chicago years later.
Bauhaus in Chicago years later.
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他以前的同事卻避他唯恐不及。
06:18
Moholy's ideas were as bold
and incisive as ever,
and incisive as ever,
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摩荷里的構想
大膽敏銳一如以往，
大膽敏銳一如以往，
06:22
but his approach to design
was too experimental,
was too experimental,
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但他的設計方式卻太實驗性，
06:26
as was his insistence
on seeing it, as he put it,
on seeing it, as he put it,
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而他堅持將此視為一種態度，
06:29
as an attitude, not a profession
to be in tune with the times.
to be in tune with the times.
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而非逢迎時勢的職業。
06:34
And sadly, the same applied
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遺憾的是，相同的事也發生在
06:36
to another design maverick:
Richard Buckminster Fuller.
Richard Buckminster Fuller.
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另一位不守常規的設計家
理查．巴克敏斯特．富勒身上。
理查．巴克敏斯特．富勒身上。
06:41
He was yet another
brilliant design visionary
brilliant design visionary
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他也是一位才華洋溢的設計夢想家
06:44
and design activist,
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與運動人士。
06:46
who was completely committed
to designing a sustainable society
to designing a sustainable society
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他全心投入去設計
一個永續發展的社會，
一個永續發展的社會，
06:50
in such a forward-thinking way
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以如此前瞻性的思維方式，
06:52
that he started talking about
the importance of environmentalism
the importance of environmentalism
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在1920年代，他便開始提倡
設計中環境保護的重要性
設計中環境保護的重要性
06:56
in design in the 1920s.
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06:59
Now he, despite his efforts,
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任憑他的貢獻與努力，
07:02
was routinely mocked as a crank
by many in the design establishment,
by many in the design establishment,
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如今在設計界，
他仍常常被視為怪胎。
他仍常常被視為怪胎。
07:06
and admittedly,
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無可否認地，
07:08
some of his experiments failed,
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他的某些實驗失敗了，
07:09
like the flying car
that never got off the ground.
that never got off the ground.
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像是從未起飛的飛行車。
07:12
And yet, the geodesic dome,
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然而，他所設計的球形穹頂，
07:14
his design formula to build
an emergency shelter
an emergency shelter
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利用當地取材搭建的緊急庇護所，
07:18
from scraps of wood, metal, plastic,
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使用零碎的木頭、金屬、塑膠，
07:21
bits of tree, old blankets,
plastic sheeting --
plastic sheeting --
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或樹木，毛毯、塑膠帆布建造，
07:24
just about anything
that's available at the time --
that's available at the time --
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幾乎當時能用的材料他都使用，
07:27
is one of the greatest feats
of humanitarian design,
of humanitarian design,
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是數一數二的人道主義設計。
07:30
and has provided sorely needed refuge
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它提供的急需避難所，
07:33
to many, many people
in desperate circumstances
in desperate circumstances
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在那之後救助了
許許多多遭遇困境的人。
許許多多遭遇困境的人。
07:36
ever since.
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07:38
Now, it was the courage
and verve of radical designers
and verve of radical designers
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是巴克與摩荷里
這些顛覆性的設計家，
這些顛覆性的設計家，
07:42
like Bucky and Moholy
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他們大膽無畏的氣魄
07:44
that drew me to design.
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把我帶進設計的領域。
07:46
I began my career as a news journalist
and foreign correspondent.
and foreign correspondent.
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我的第一份工作是
新聞記者和國外特派員。
新聞記者和國外特派員。
07:50
I write about politics, economics
and corporate affairs,
and corporate affairs,
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我報導政治，經濟和商業活動。
07:54
and I could have chosen
to specialize in any of those fields.
to specialize in any of those fields.
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我可以選擇以上任何一項主題來做，
07:58
But I picked design,
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但我選擇了設計，
07:59
because I believe it's one of the most
powerful tools at our disposal
powerful tools at our disposal
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因為我相信這是我們改善人們生活的
08:03
to improve our quality of life.
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最有力工具之一。
08:07
Thank you, fellow TED design buffs.
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謝謝你們，各位 TED 設計界同僚。
08:10
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
08:12
And greatly as I admire the achievements
of professional designers,
of professional designers,
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我欽佩這些專業設計師
08:16
which have been extraordinary and immense,
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非凡且無限的成就。
08:19
I also believe
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同時我也相信，
08:20
that design benefits hugely
from the originality,
from the originality,
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設計的效益更來自於
足智多謀、特立獨行的叛逆份子
08:24
the lateral thinking
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08:25
and the resourcefulness
of its rebels and renegades.
of its rebels and renegades.
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他們的創意以及橫向思維。
08:29
And we're living at a remarkable
moment in design,
moment in design,
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而我們正生活在這個
非凡的設計時代。
非凡的設計時代。
08:33
because this is a time when the two camps
are coming closer together.
are coming closer together.
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因為在此前，
這兩個陣營從未如此接近過。
這兩個陣營從未如此接近過。
08:38
Because even very basic advances
in digital technology
in digital technology
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也因為在數位科技中，
即使是一個簡單的進步，
即使是一個簡單的進步，
08:42
have enabled them to operate
increasingly independently,
increasingly independently,
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也能讓設計者更獨立地運作，
08:47
in or out of a commercial context,
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無論是否從事商業活動，
08:49
to pursue ever more ambitious
and eclectic objectives.
and eclectic objectives.
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他們可追求更野心勃勃
以及兼容並蓄的目標。
以及兼容並蓄的目標。
08:54
So in theory,
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理論上，
08:56
basic platforms like crowdfunding,
cloud computing, social media
cloud computing, social media
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如群聚集資、雲端計算
與社交媒體這些基本平台
與社交媒體這些基本平台
09:01
are giving greater freedom
to professional designers
to professional designers
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正給於專業設計師更多的自由，
09:05
and giving more resources
for the improvisational ones,
for the improvisational ones,
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而那些即興的創作家
也能得到更多資源，
也能得到更多資源，
09:08
and hopefully,
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或者可能，
09:09
a more receptive response to their ideas.
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他們的概念更容易得到回應。
09:12
Now, some of my favorite
examples of this are in Africa,
examples of this are in Africa,
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有些我最喜愛的例子發生在非洲。
09:16
where a new generation of designers
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在那裡，一些新生代的設計師
09:19
are developing incredible
Internet of Things technologies
Internet of Things technologies
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正打造驚人的物聯網科技，
09:22
to fulfill Florence Nightingale's dream
of improving healthcare
of improving healthcare
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去完成南丁格爾
改善醫療保健的夢想。
改善醫療保健的夢想。
09:27
in countries where more people
now have access to cell phones
now have access to cell phones
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在這些國家，取得行動電話
09:30
than to clean, running water.
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比乾淨的飲水還要容易。
09:32
And among them is Arthur Zang.
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其中一位設計師是亞瑟．贊。
09:35
He's a young, Cameroonian design engineer
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他是喀麥隆籍的年輕設計工程師。
09:38
who has a adapted a tablet
computer into the Cardiopad,
computer into the Cardiopad,
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他將平版電腦
改造成 Cardiopad，
改造成 Cardiopad，
09:42
a mobile heart-monitoring device.
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一個可遠端監測心臟的儀器。
09:45
It can be used to monitor the hearts
of patients in remote, rural areas.
of patients in remote, rural areas.
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它可用來檢測在偏鄉地區的病患。
09:49
The data is then sent
on a cellular network
on a cellular network
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數據資料會透過電信網路
09:52
to well-equipped hospitals
hundreds of miles away
hundreds of miles away
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送往遠在百哩之外，
設備精良的醫院
設備精良的醫院
09:55
for analysis.
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加以分析。
09:56
And if any problems are spotted
by the specialists there,
by the specialists there,
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如果專家發現任何的問題，
09:59
a suitable course of treatment
is recommended.
is recommended.
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他們會建議適合的療程。
10:03
And this of course saves many patients
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這自然節省了病患許多的時間，
10:05
from making long, arduous, expensive
and often pointless journeys
and often pointless journeys
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免於長途跋涉、秏費金錢，
且經常徒勞無功地往返醫院，
且經常徒勞無功地往返醫院，
10:10
to those hospitals,
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10:11
and makes it much, much likelier
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讓這些病患更可能地
10:14
that their hearts
will actually be checked.
will actually be checked.
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得到真正的檢測。
10:17
Arthur Zang started working
on the Cardiopad eight years ago,
on the Cardiopad eight years ago,
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亞瑟．贊八年前
開始 Cardiopad 的工作，
開始 Cardiopad 的工作，
10:20
in his final year at university.
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當時是他大學的最後一年。
10:23
But he failed to persuade
any conventional sources
any conventional sources
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但他沒能在常規的管道取得資源，
10:26
to give him investment to get
the project off the ground.
the project off the ground.
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支持他發展這個計劃。
10:30
He posted the idea on Facebook,
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他把這個想法發佈在 Facebook 上，
10:32
where a Cameroonian
government official saw it
government official saw it
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有位喀麥隆政府的官員
看到了這個訊息，
看到了這個訊息，
10:34
and managed to secure
a government grant for him.
a government grant for him.
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便安排政府的補助金給他。
10:38
He's now developing
not only the Cardiopad,
not only the Cardiopad,
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如今他不只打造了 Cardiopad，
10:41
but other mobile medical devices
to treat different conditions.
to treat different conditions.
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也開發了其它行動醫療的裝置
來治療不同的症狀。
來治療不同的症狀。
10:45
And he isn't alone,
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不只他，
10:47
because there are many other
inspiring and enterprising designers
inspiring and enterprising designers
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世上還有許多其它
鼓舞人心且進取的設計家，
鼓舞人心且進取的設計家，
10:52
who are also pursuing
extraordinary projects of their own.
extraordinary projects of their own.
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正進行各自非凡的計劃。
10:56
And I'm going to finish
by looking at just a few of them.
by looking at just a few of them.
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在結束前，我要介紹其中幾位，
10:59
One is Peek Vision.
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一個是 Peek Vision，
11:02
This is a group of doctors
and designers in Kenya,
and designers in Kenya,
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他們是肯亞的一群醫生及設計師，
11:05
who've developed an Internet of Things
technology of their own,
technology of their own,
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自行開發了
11:08
as a portable eye examination kit.
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一套可攜式的眼睛檢查模組。
11:11
Then there's Gabriel Maher,
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然後是加百列．馬亞，
11:13
who is developing a new design language
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他正設計一種新的表達方式，
11:15
to enable us to articulate the subtleties
of our changing gender identities,
of our changing gender identities,
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可讓我們更精確描述
變動中了性別認同，
變動中了性別認同，
11:20
without recourse
to traditional stereotypes.
to traditional stereotypes.
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擺脫對刻版印象的依賴。
11:23
All of these designers and many more
are pursuing their dreams,
are pursuing their dreams,
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這些設計師以及其它許多人
正追逐他們的夢想。
正追逐他們的夢想。
11:28
by the making the most
of their newfound freedom,
of their newfound freedom,
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讓他們的新發明自由發展，
11:30
with the discipline
of professional designers
of professional designers
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輔以專業設計師的紀律，
11:33
and the resourcefulness
of rebels and renegades.
of rebels and renegades.
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與那些叛逆者的足智多謀，
11:36
And we all stand to benefit.
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我們都將由此受益。
11:38
Thank you.
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謝謝你們。
11:39
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alice Rawsthorn - Design criticColumnist and author Alice Rawsthorn illuminates the mesh of design woven into every aspect of our everyday lives and communities.
Why you should listen
As a columnist for Frieze and a writer for the International New York Times, Alice Rawsthorn explores the world of design, seeking projects that fit their function "while also being responsible, ethically and environmentally, and desirable." In 2015, Rawsthorn launched a daily Instagram diary to demonstrate how social media could enrich the collective conversation on design.
In her acclaimed book Hello World: Where Design Meets Life, Rawsthorn demonstrates the influence and impact of design on our lives and culture. She is active with various arts organizations, including London's Chisenhale Gallery and Michael Clark's contemporary dance company (where she chairs the boards of trustees).
Alice Rawsthorn | Speaker | TED.com