TED2006
Nicholas Negroponte: One Laptop per Child
尼葛洛龐帝(Nicholas Negroponte)分享「一個孩子、一台筆電」的願景
Filmed:
Readability: 3.2
469,675 views
尼葛洛龐帝是美國麻省理工學院(MIT)媒體實驗室的創辦人。他在演講中描述「一個孩子、一台筆電」計畫如何研發並分送「一台100美元」的筆記型電腦。
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:24
I've been at MIT for 44 years.
0
0
2896
我在MIT待了44年 參加過第一屆TED
00:27
I went to TED I.
1
2920
1936
我想在場應該只有一位有同等資歷
00:29
There's only one other person here,
I think, who did that.
I think, who did that.
2
4880
2856
在其他屆的演講中 -我從没缺席過TED-
00:32
All the other TEDs --
3
7760
1216
00:33
and I went to them all,
under Ricky's regime --
under Ricky's regime --
4
9000
2256
我解釋了媒體實驗室的工作內容
00:36
I talked about
what the Media Lab was doing,
what the Media Lab was doing,
5
11280
2536
00:38
which today has almost 500 people in it.
6
13840
3016
實驗室現在大約有500名研究人員
媒體上週說我已經退出實驗室
00:41
And if you read the press,
7
16880
1416
00:43
last week it actually said
I quit the Media Lab.
I quit the Media Lab.
8
18320
2656
00:45
I didn't quit the Media Lab,
I stepped down as chairman --
I stepped down as chairman --
9
21000
4176
我實際上不是退出 只是卸下主席的職位
這頭銜有點可笑 不過已有人接任
00:50
which was a kind of ridiculous title,
but someone else has taken it on --
but someone else has taken it on --
10
25200
4696
00:54
and one of the things
you can do as a professor
you can do as a professor
11
29920
2191
當教授的好處之一
就是一日為教授 終生為教授
00:56
is you stay on as a professor.
12
32135
1841
00:58
And I will now do for the rest of my life
the One Laptop Per Child,
the One Laptop Per Child,
13
34000
4256
我下半輩子將獻給「一個孩子、一台筆電」
畢竟這是我已經推廣一年半的計畫
01:03
which I've sort of been doing
for a year and a half, anyway.
for a year and a half, anyway.
14
38280
3016
也是今天演講的主題
01:06
So I'm going to tell you about this,
15
41320
1736
在這18分鐘內 我將告訴各位我的動機
01:07
use my 18 minutes
to tell you why we're doing it,
to tell you why we're doing it,
16
43080
4096
計畫如何運作 以及現在的進度
01:12
how we're doing it
and then what we're doing.
and then what we're doing.
17
47200
2176
等一下各位甚至有機會看看
01:14
And at some point I'll even pass around
18
49400
3296
100美元的筆電到底長什麼樣子
01:17
what the $100 laptop might be like.
19
52720
3920
克里斯希望我分享幾個重要議題
01:23
I was asked by Chris
to talk about some of the big issues,
to talk about some of the big issues,
20
58800
2856
因此我先講三個促成這個計畫的動機
01:26
and so I figured I'd start with the three
that at least drove me to do this.
that at least drove me to do this.
21
61680
5256
01:31
And the first is pretty obvious.
22
66960
2816
第一個顯而易見
當你與一國元首會晤 你問他：
01:34
It's amazing when you meet
a head of state, and you say,
a head of state, and you say,
23
69800
2656
「貴國最珍貴的天然資源是什麼？」
01:37
"What is your most precious
natural resource?"
natural resource?"
24
72480
2736
他的第一個答案可能不是兒童
01:40
They will not say "children" at first,
25
75240
2696
01:42
and then when you say, "children,"
they will pretty quickly agree with you.
they will pretty quickly agree with you.
26
77960
4255
但你提出時 他們十之八九都贊同
(1. 兒童是最珍貴的天然資源) 所以要說服他們一點也不難
01:47
And so that isn't very hard.
27
82239
2017
01:49
(Laughter)
28
84280
2696
(2. 消除貧困、戰爭、污染的良方是教育) 眾所皆知，要解決貧困國家的問題
01:51
Everybody agrees that whatever
the solutions are to the big problems,
the solutions are to the big problems,
29
87000
5056
(3. 除了接受教導 還有別的學習途徑) 教育是必須 甚至是唯一的必須
01:56
they include education,
sometimes can be just education
sometimes can be just education
30
92080
4736
要解決問題 或多或少必須依賴教育
02:01
and can never be without
some element of education.
some element of education.
31
96840
3296
所以提供教育當然是計畫目的之一
02:04
So that's certainly part of it.
32
100160
1816
02:06
And the third
is a little bit less obvious.
is a little bit less obvious.
33
102000
2376
第三個動機比較不明顯
這跟所有人學會走路、說話的模式有關
02:09
And that is that we all in this room
learned how to walk, how to talk,
learned how to walk, how to talk,
34
104400
4736
沒人教我們如何說話或走路
02:13
not by being taught how to talk,
or taught how to walk,
or taught how to walk,
35
109160
4496
但與外界互動後 自然就學會了
02:18
but by interacting with the world,
36
113680
1696
像是開口要求 物品就到了手裡
02:20
by having certain results as a consequence
of being able to ask for something,
of being able to ask for something,
37
115400
4136
02:24
or being able to stand up and reach it.
38
119560
2136
或是站起來 就搆得到物品
02:26
Whereas at about the age six,
we were told to stop learning that way,
we were told to stop learning that way,
39
121720
4256
但到大概六歲時 這種學習模式卻終止了
02:30
and that all learning from then on
would happen through teaching,
would happen through teaching,
40
126000
3336
從那之後所有的學習都透過教導
不管是藉由像這樣聽講、讀書或其他方法
02:34
whether it's people standing up,
like I'm doing now,
like I'm doing now,
41
129360
2429
02:36
or a book, or something.
42
131813
1723
都透過教導而傳授
02:38
But it was really through teaching.
43
133560
1936
而基本上 電腦對學習的貢獻之一
02:40
And one of the things in general
that computers have provided to learning
that computers have provided to learning
44
135520
5176
02:45
is that it now includes a kind of learning
45
140720
3136
在於它提供的學習模式
02:48
which is a little bit more
like walking and talking,
like walking and talking,
46
143880
3096
有點像學習走路和說話
02:51
in the sense that a lot of it is driven
by the learner himself or herself.
by the learner himself or herself.
47
147000
6616
主導權是握在學習者自己手上的
有這幾個動機作為原則
02:58
So with those as the principles --
48
153640
2736
在座可能有人認識西摩派柏
03:01
some of you may know Seymour Papert.
49
156400
2016
03:03
This is back in 1982,
when we were working in Senegal.
when we were working in Senegal.
50
158440
3536
這張照片攝於1982年塞內加爾
03:06
Because some people think that
the $100 laptop just happened a year ago,
the $100 laptop just happened a year ago,
51
162000
5245
有些人以為這個計畫去年才開始
或是前年 或這是我們突發奇想
03:12
or two years ago,
or we were struck by lightning --
or we were struck by lightning --
52
167269
3187
其實計畫早在60年代就開始了
03:15
this actually has gone back a long time,
and in fact, back to the '60s.
and in fact, back to the '60s.
53
170480
5056
這是80年代的進度 (這是教育計畫，不是筆電或手機計畫)
03:20
Here we're in the '80s.
54
175560
1536
賈伯斯提供幾台筆電到塞內加爾
03:21
Steve Jobs had given us some laptops.
We were in Senegal.
We were in Senegal.
55
177120
4256
規模不大 但至少將電腦帶到開發中國家
03:26
It didn't scale
56
181400
1256
03:27
but it at least was bringing computers
to developing countries
to developing countries
57
182680
5096
03:32
and learning pretty quickly
that these kids,
that these kids,
58
187800
2456
我們很快發現
當地孩子即使不諳英語
03:35
even though English wasn't their language,
59
190280
2000
甚至連拉丁字母都不認識
03:37
the Latin alphabet
barely was their language,
barely was their language,
60
192304
3232
用起電腦來卻怡然自得
03:40
but they could just swim like fish.
61
195560
2336
得心應手
03:42
They could play these like pianos.
62
197920
1760
後來 我自己有機會親身參與
03:46
A little bit more recently,
I got involved personally.
I got involved personally.
63
201360
4216
03:50
And these are two anecdotes --
64
205600
1736
這裡有兩個小故事 其中一則發生在柬埔寨
03:52
one was in Cambodia,
65
207360
2616
有個村子沒有水電 沒有電視、電話
03:54
in a village that has no electricity,
no water, no television, no telephone,
no water, no television, no telephone,
66
210000
4416
但現在村民有寬頻網路
03:59
but has broadband Internet now.
67
214440
2136
04:01
And these kids,
their first English word is "Google"
their first English word is "Google"
68
216600
3496
村裡孩子第一個學會的英文單字是"Google"
除了Skype 不知電話為何物
04:04
and they only know Skype.
69
220120
2336
04:07
They've never heard of telephony.
70
222480
1616
他們只用Skype
04:08
They just use Skype.
71
224120
2136
晚上回家他們就用寬頻連上網
04:11
And they go home at night --
72
226280
1856
04:12
they've got a broadband connection
in a hut that doesn't have electricity.
in a hut that doesn't have electricity.
73
228160
3816
即使茅屋裡連電源都沒有
04:16
The parents love it,
because when they open up the laptops,
because when they open up the laptops,
74
232000
2762
父母親也愛上了這台筆電 因為一開機
它就成了屋裡最亮的光源
04:19
it's the brightest light source
in the house.
in the house.
75
234786
2190
04:21
And talk about
where metaphors and reality mix --
where metaphors and reality mix --
76
237000
3376
讓各位看看什麼叫美夢成真
04:25
this is the actual school.
77
240400
2600
這是學校實際的樣子
04:28
In parallel with this,
Seymour Papert got the governor of Maine
Seymour Papert got the governor of Maine
78
243560
5096
同一時間 派柏說服緬因州州長
04:33
to legislate one laptop per child
in the year 2002.
in the year 2002.
79
248680
5496
立法在2002年通過該計畫 (絕非兩人共用或一間教室一台)
當時 若說八成的老師都憂心忡忡
04:39
Now at the time, I think it's fair to say
that 80 percent of the teachers were --
that 80 percent of the teachers were --
80
254200
5096
我想絕不為過
04:44
let me say, apprehensive.
81
259320
1576
04:45
Really, they were actually against it.
82
260920
1816
事實上 老師們並不贊成這個計畫
04:47
And they really preferred
that the money would be used
that the money would be used
83
262760
2524
他們寧可把錢用作他途
加薪、建新學校、或做其他事
04:50
for higher salaries,
more schools, whatever.
more schools, whatever.
84
265308
2388
04:52
And now, three and a half
years later, guess what?
years later, guess what?
85
267720
4256
但三年半後的今天看看 情況如何？
04:56
They're reporting five things:
drop of truancy to almost zero,
drop of truancy to almost zero,
86
272000
6216
他們回報了五個現象
曠課率降到幾乎至零 家長會參與率大幅增加
05:03
attending parent-teacher meetings --
87
278240
1925
以前從沒人參加 現在全都來了
05:04
which nobody did
and now almost everybody does --
and now almost everybody does --
88
280189
2507
風紀問題減少 課堂參與熱絡
05:07
drop in discipline problems,
increase in student participation.
increase in student participation.
89
282720
3896
05:11
Teachers are now saying
it's kind of fun to teach.
it's kind of fun to teach.
90
286640
2416
連老師都覺得現在教課很有意思
孩子們有參與感 因為有了筆電
05:13
Kids are engaged -- they have laptops! --
91
289080
3136
然後第五項發現是我最感興趣的
05:17
and then the fifth,
which interests me the most,
which interests me the most,
92
292240
2456
就是伺服器晚上有時候得關機
05:19
is that the servers have to be turned off
at certain times at night
at certain times at night
93
294720
3216
05:22
because the teachers
are getting too much email
are getting too much email
94
297960
2416
因為教師收到太多電子郵件
全是孩子們寫來問問題的
05:25
from the kids asking them for help.
95
300400
1976
因此 這種計畫是不需要前測的
05:27
So when you see that kind of thing --
96
302400
1776
05:29
this is not something
that you have to test.
that you have to test.
97
304200
2048
前測早就不適用了 如果有人說：
05:31
The days of pilot projects are over,
when people say,
when people say,
98
306272
2704
05:33
"We'd like to do three or four thousand
in our country to see how it works."
in our country to see how it works."
99
309000
4056
「呃 先拿三四千台來 看看可不可行吧？」
去你的 閃遠點 自然有別人願意參與
05:37
Screw you. Go to the back of the line
and someone else will do it,
and someone else will do it,
100
313080
3096
等你明白計畫可行 再回來找我們吧
05:41
and then when you figure out
that this works, you can join as well.
that this works, you can join as well.
101
316200
4536
這就是我們的作風
05:45
And this is what we're doing.
102
320760
2576
(笑聲)(掌聲)
05:48
(Laughter) (Applause)
103
323360
2136
「一個孩子、一台筆電」是一年半前誕生的
05:50
So, One Laptop Per Child
was formed about a year and a half ago.
was formed about a year and a half ago.
104
325520
4976
這個非營利組織已經募集資金 (透過NRE帳戶籌得2000萬美元)
05:55
It's a nonprofit association.
105
330520
1896
05:57
It raised about 20 million dollars
106
332440
1936
解決設計的問題 然後再進行生產 (約法三章：規模，規模，規模！)
05:59
to do the engineering
to just get this built,
to just get this built,
107
334400
3816
06:03
and then have it produced afterwards.
108
338240
2656
(07年700-1000萬台，08年1-2億台) 規模至關重要 (在七大國推行)
06:05
Scale is truly important.
109
340920
2256
(免費提供給而兒童) 這不是因為可以用更低價買零組件 明白嗎？
06:08
And it's not important because you can
buy components at a lower price, OK?
buy components at a lower price, OK?
110
343200
6296
而是因為 當你與合作廠商洽談時
06:14
It's because you can go
to a manufacturer --
to a manufacturer --
111
349520
2876
這邊我就不公佈是哪家廠商了
06:17
and I will leave the name out --
112
352420
1642
你說 我們想要小螢幕 色彩均勻度差一點無妨
06:18
but we wanted a small display,
113
354086
3530
06:22
doesn't have to have
perfect color uniformity.
perfect color uniformity.
114
357640
3776
甚至缺一兩個畫素、稍暗都無所謂
06:26
It can even have a pixel or two missing.
115
361440
2362
06:28
It doesn't have to be that bright.
116
363826
2550
這位廠商回答：
06:31
And this particular manufacturer said,
117
366400
2296
06:33
"We're not interested in that.
We're interested in the living room.
We're interested in the living room.
118
368720
3143
「呃，很抱歉，我們的專長是家用螢幕
強調的就是色調飽滿
06:36
We're interested
in perfect color uniformity.
in perfect color uniformity.
119
371887
2169
賣點是又大又鮮明的畫面
06:38
We're interested in big displays,
bright displays.
bright displays.
120
374080
2336
您的要求實在有違敝公司的方針」
06:41
You're not part of our strategic plan."
121
376440
2776
所以我回答：「喔，真可惜，
06:44
And I said, "That's kind of too bad,
because we need 100 million units a year."
because we need 100 million units a year."
122
379240
3715
因為我們一年要一億台」
06:47
(Laughter)
123
382979
1571
廠商口風一轉：「噢，我們的方針是可以調整的」
06:49
And they said, "Oh, well, maybe we could
become part of your strategic plan."
become part of your strategic plan."
124
384574
3962
06:53
And that's why scale counts.
125
388560
2416
所以我才說規模至關重要
06:55
And that's why we will not launch this
126
391000
2256
也因此 我們首批的需求至少要500到1000萬台
06:58
without five to 10 million units
in the first run.
in the first run.
127
393280
3896
目的在於 達到一定的規模以後
07:02
And the idea is
to launch with enough scale
to launch with enough scale
128
397200
2976
就能以規模制價
07:05
that the scale itself
helps bring the price down,
helps bring the price down,
129
400200
2576
07:07
and that's why I said
seven to 10 million there.
seven to 10 million there.
130
402800
3896
所以07年的目標才會訂這個數字
我們也沒有業務和行銷團隊
07:11
And we're doing it
without a sales-and-marketing team.
without a sales-and-marketing team.
131
406720
3416
頂多像我這樣到處演講而已
07:14
I mean, you're looking
at the sales-and-marketing team.
at the sales-and-marketing team.
132
410160
2576
07:17
We will do it by going
to seven large countries
to seven large countries
133
412760
4016
我們拜訪大國 徵求同意推行計畫
07:21
and getting them to agree and launch it,
134
416800
2524
這樣其他國家也會跟進
07:24
and then the others can follow.
135
419348
2308
07:26
We have partners.
136
421680
1856
我們有合作夥伴 當然Google也名列其中
07:28
It's not hard to guess
Google would be one.
Google would be one.
137
423560
2000
還有其他企業在觀望
07:30
The others are all playing to pending.
138
425584
3632
就是它 最近在媒體上大出風頭
07:34
And this has been
in the press a great deal.
in the press a great deal.
139
429240
2856
我們與安南一同推出了這台綠色機器
07:36
It's the so-called Green Machine
that we introduced with Kofi Annan
that we introduced with Kofi Annan
140
432120
5896
是在11月突尼西亞的世界高峰會上
07:42
in November at the World Summit
that was held in Tunisia.
that was held in Tunisia.
141
438040
4296
大家乍看之下的反應是：這是筆電計畫
07:47
Now once people start looking at this,
they say, "Ah, this is a laptop project."
they say, "Ah, this is a laptop project."
142
442360
5616
07:52
Well, no, it's not a laptop project.
It's an education project.
It's an education project.
143
448000
3296
其實不是 這是教育計畫
07:56
And the fun part --
and I'm quite focused on it --
and I'm quite focused on it --
144
451320
3656
好玩的來了 這也是我努力的重點
07:59
I tell people I used to be a light bulb,
but now I'm a laser --
but now I'm a laser --
145
455000
4096
我總說我以前是燈泡 現在是雷射
我非把這個計畫做起來不可
08:03
I'm just going to get that thing built,
and it turns out it's not so hard.
and it turns out it's not so hard.
146
459120
6096
而且我發現其實沒那麼難
原因是筆電各項成本有固定比重
08:10
Because laptop economics
are the following:
are the following:
147
465240
3216
一台筆電的售價 差不多有五成、接近六成
08:13
I say 50 percent here --
it's more like 60,
it's more like 60,
148
468480
2496
08:15
60 percent of the cost of your laptop
149
471000
2056
是付給了業務、行銷、流通和利潤
08:17
is sales, marketing,
distribution and profit.
distribution and profit.
150
473080
2856
08:20
Now we have none of those, OK?
151
475960
2336
這些我們都沒有 對不對？
所以這些項目沒有列在成本裡
08:23
None of those figure into our cost,
152
478320
2936
因為我們用成本價出售 政府負責流通
08:26
because first of all, we sell it at cost,
and the governments distribute it.
and the governments distribute it.
153
481280
4216
08:30
It gets distributed
to the school system like a textbook.
to the school system like a textbook.
154
485520
4256
透過學校系統分送 像發課本一樣
08:34
So that piece disappears.
155
489800
2136
這些成本消失了 剩下的就是螢幕和其他部份
08:36
Then you have display and everything else.
156
491960
2816
(成本壓到100美元的筆電) 至於螢幕成本 大致而言
08:39
Now the display on your laptop costs,
157
494800
2856
08:42
in rough numbers,
10 dollars a diagonal inch.
10 dollars a diagonal inch.
158
497680
5136
是一英吋對角線10美元 (2005年筆電總價分析)
08:47
That can drop to eight;
it can drop to seven
it can drop to seven
159
502840
2136
這價錢當然可以砍到8元或7元
08:49
but it's not going to drop to two,
or to one and a half,
or to one and a half,
160
505000
2976
但不可能降到2元或1.5元
08:52
unless we do some pretty clever things.
161
508000
2760
除非我們有什麼重大突破
其他部分 棕色那一小塊 就有趣了
08:56
It's the rest -- that little brown box --
that is pretty fascinating,
that is pretty fascinating,
162
512080
4176
因為其他成本就是筆電運作所需
09:01
because the rest of your laptop
is devoted to itself.
is devoted to itself.
163
516280
5416
有點像過重的人 把大部分能量
09:06
It's a little bit like an obese person
164
521720
2616
09:09
having to use most of their energy
to move their obesity.
to move their obesity.
165
524360
3136
都消耗在移動一身肥肉上 懂了吧？
09:12
(Laughter)
166
527520
1456
09:13
And we have a situation today
which is incredible.
which is incredible.
167
529000
5776
我們現在的處境實在有點匪夷所思
我從筆電問世以來就開始用這東西了
09:19
I've been using laptops
since their inception.
since their inception.
168
534800
2976
我的筆電跑得越來越慢、越不穩、越令人不滿
09:22
And my laptop runs slower,
less reliably and less pleasantly
less reliably and less pleasantly
169
537800
5336
09:27
than it ever has before.
170
543160
2536
今年的狀況更是糟糕
09:30
And this year is worse.
171
545720
1496
你們聽到這會鼓掌 甚至起立歡呼。但我問：
09:32
(Applause)
172
547240
1376
09:33
People clap, sometimes
you even get standing ovations,
you even get standing ovations,
173
548640
3296
09:36
and I say, "What the hell's wrong
with you? Why are we all sitting there?"
with you? Why are we all sitting there?"
174
551960
3696
「你們怎麼了？為什麼乖乖忍受這些不便？」
09:40
And somebody -- to remain nameless --
called our laptop a "gadget" recently.
called our laptop a "gadget" recently.
175
555680
6336
有人說 百元筆電是時髦玩具
我可不認同 我們的筆電跑得飛快
09:46
And I said, "God, our laptop's going to go
like a bat out of hell.
like a bat out of hell.
176
562040
3616
開機的時候 「逬！」一聲就可以用了
09:50
When you open it up,
it's going to go 'bing.'"
it's going to go 'bing.'"
177
565680
2196
09:52
It'll be on.
178
567900
1276
09:54
It'll be just like it was in 1985,
179
569200
3776
就像1985年的蘋果麥金塔512電腦
09:57
when you bought an Apple Macintosh 512.
180
573000
4696
運作順暢
10:02
It worked really well.
181
577720
1736
現在的筆電一代不如一代
10:04
And we've been going steadily downhill.
182
579480
3096
常有人問我筆電的規格 (WiFi網狀網路)
10:07
Now, people ask all the time what it is.
183
582600
3936
就是如此 (雙模式顯示器)
10:11
That's what it is.
184
586560
2056
其中最值得一提的應是網狀網路
10:13
The two pieces that are probably notable:
it'll be a mesh network,
it'll be a mesh network,
185
588640
5296
10:18
so when the kids open up their laptops,
they all become a network,
they all become a network,
186
593960
3616
孩子們同時使用筆電 就構成網路環境
只需要一兩個後置網路傳輸點
10:22
and then just need
one or two points of backhaul.
one or two points of backhaul.
187
597600
2816
2MB的頻寬就夠滿足兩千個孩子
10:25
You can serve a couple of thousand kids
with two megabits.
with two megabits.
188
600440
3176
所以只要村內家家有筆電
10:28
So you really can bring into a village,
189
603640
3056
10:31
and then the villages
can connect themselves,
can connect themselves,
190
606720
2296
整個村子就能聯成一個網路
效果非常好
10:33
and you really can do it quite well.
191
609040
3056
雙模顯示 讓螢幕在戶外也能用
10:36
The dual mode display --
192
612120
1976
10:38
the idea is to have a display
that both works outdoors --
that both works outdoors --
193
614120
4696
在戶外用手機有什麼問題？
10:43
isn't it fun using your cell phone
outdoors in the sunlight?
outdoors in the sunlight?
194
618840
3416
呃，你根本看不清楚螢幕
10:47
Well, you can't see it.
195
622280
1536
10:48
And one of the reasons you can't see it
196
623840
2176
原因之一是 手機螢幕是背光式的
10:50
is because it's backlighting
most of the time, most cell phones.
most of the time, most cell phones.
197
626040
4056
大部分手機都是如此
我們想做的 是正背光兩用的螢幕
10:54
Now, what we're doing is, we're doing one
that will be both frontlit and backlit.
that will be both frontlit and backlit.
198
630120
4656
切換方式是手動還是用程式轉換還有待確認
10:59
And whether you manually switch it
or you do it in the software
or you do it in the software
199
634800
3776
11:03
is to be seen.
200
638600
1496
反正 背光時 就是彩色螢幕
11:04
But when it's backlit, it's color.
201
640120
1856
11:06
And when it's frontlit,
it's black and white
it's black and white
202
642000
2056
面光時 是三倍解析度的黑白螢幕
11:08
at three times the resolution.
203
644080
1976
這些都達成了嗎？還沒
11:10
Is it all worked out? No.
204
646080
2456
11:13
That's why a lot of our people are
more or less living in Taiwan right now.
more or less living in Taiwan right now.
205
648560
5256
所以我們很多人員現在常跑台灣
11:18
And in about 30 days,
we'll know for sure whether this works.
we'll know for sure whether this works.
206
653840
4216
大概30天後就會知道可不可行
而最重要的部分
11:22
Probably the most important piece there
207
658080
4216
應該是孩子們可以負責維修工作
11:27
is that the kids
really can do the maintenance.
really can do the maintenance.
208
662320
3136
這是另一個不可思議之處
11:30
And this is again something
that people don't believe,
that people don't believe,
209
665480
3136
但這是千真萬確的 (兒童負責維修工作)
11:33
but I really think it's quite true.
210
668640
1667
這就是我們在突尼斯展示的筆電
11:36
That's the machine we showed in Tunis.
211
671880
4896
這是未來設計的方向 (旋轉功能)
11:41
This is more the direction
that we're going to go.
that we're going to go.
212
676800
2776
11:44
And it's something
that we didn't think was possible.
that we didn't think was possible.
213
679600
3336
之前以為這是做不到的
11:47
Now, I'm going to pass this around.
214
682960
3336
我現在把筆電傳下去
這並不是設計圖
11:51
This isn't a design, OK?
215
686320
2176
它只是個粗製的樣本 讓各位看看
11:53
So this is just a mechanical
engineering sort of embodiment of it
engineering sort of embodiment of it
216
688520
4696
11:58
for you to play with.
217
693240
1536
只算是模型
11:59
And it's clearly just a model.
218
694800
1856
實際成品在MIT
12:01
The working one is at MIT.
219
696680
2696
從這位帥哥這裡開始傳
12:04
I'm going to pass it
to this handsome gentleman.
to this handsome gentleman.
220
699400
2856
讓你決定要往左還是往右傳
12:07
At least you can decide
whether it goes left or --
whether it goes left or --
221
702280
2456
12:09
Chris Anderson: Before you do it,
for the people down in simulcast --
for the people down in simulcast --
222
704760
3300
噢 我忘了有現場聯播 攝影機拍一下好嗎
12:12
Nicholas Negroponte: Sorry! I forgot.
CA: Just show it off a bit.
CA: Just show it off a bit.
223
708084
3062
幸好你提醒 謝了 克里斯
12:15
So wherever the camera is --
OK, good point. Thank you, Chris.
OK, good point. Thank you, Chris.
224
711170
3006
這不僅是一台筆電
12:19
The idea was that
it would be not only a laptop,
it would be not only a laptop,
225
714200
3576
還可以變身成電子書
12:22
but that it could transform
into an electronic book.
into an electronic book.
226
717800
3576
或是具備類似的功能
12:26
So it's sort of an electronic book.
227
721400
1667
這樣就可以在戶外看黑白螢幕
12:27
This is where when you go outside,
it's in black and white.
it's in black and white.
228
723091
2762
雖然沒有遊戲鈕 不過它也是遊戲機
12:30
The games buttons are missing,
229
725877
1779
12:32
but it'll also be a games machine,
230
727680
2295
12:34
book machine.
231
729999
1337
把螢幕豎起來 可以當電視
12:36
Set it up this way,
and it's a television set.
and it's a television set.
232
731360
2496
有許多用途 這樣展示清楚了嗎？好
12:38
Etc., etc. -- is that enough
for simulcast? OK, sorry.
for simulcast? OK, sorry.
233
733880
4120
吉姆會決定等下要往哪邊傳
12:44
I'll let Jim decide
which way to send it afterwards.
which way to send it afterwards.
234
740160
2856
回到剛剛說的七大國 (笑聲)(七國：中國 印度 泰國 埃及 奈及利亞 巴西 阿根廷)
12:47
OK. Seven countries.
235
743040
1696
12:49
(Laughter)
236
744760
1576
麻州還不確定 因為他們必須要進行招標
12:51
I say "maybe" for Massachusetts,
because they actually have to do a bid.
because they actually have to do a bid.
237
746360
5056
依法行事就得遵照程序進行
12:56
By law you've got to bid,
and so on and so forth.
and so on and so forth.
238
751440
2656
所以我現在還不敢下定論
12:58
So I can't quite name them.
239
754120
1416
其他國家不需要招標就可以決定
13:00
In the other cases,
they don't have to do bids.
they don't have to do bids.
240
755560
2656
13:03
They can decide --
241
758240
1612
決策者都是中央政府
13:04
it's the federal government in each case.
242
759876
2060
不過惱人的是 很多人說
13:06
It's kind of agonizing,
243
761960
1216
「我們從地方政府開始下手吧」
13:08
because a lot of people say,
"Let's do it at the state level,"
"Let's do it at the state level,"
244
763200
2905
當然 地方政府規模小 一定比中央靈活
13:10
because states are more nimble
than the feds, just because of size.
than the feds, just because of size.
245
766129
4847
但是我們發現
13:15
And yet we count.
246
771000
1176
我們交涉的對象其實是中央政府
13:17
We're really dealing
with the federal government.
with the federal government.
247
772200
2376
面對的是教育部
13:19
We're really dealing
with ministries of education.
with ministries of education.
248
774600
2336
13:21
And if you look at governments
around the world,
around the world,
249
776960
2696
環顧世界各國政府
教育部往往是最保守的
13:24
ministries of education
tend to be the most conservative,
tend to be the most conservative,
250
779680
3736
也是人員最多的部門
13:28
and also the ones that have huge payrolls.
251
783440
4176
每位都自詡為教育專家
13:32
Everybody thinks
they know about education,
they know about education,
252
787640
2376
其中又牽涉許多文化層面
13:34
a lot of culture is built into it as well.
253
790040
2456
推行計畫真的不容易 十分艱鉅
13:37
It's really hard.
And so it's certainly the hard road.
And so it's certainly the hard road.
254
792520
3656
這些國家各有不同的地理文化
13:41
If you look at the countries,
they're pretty geoculturally distributed.
they're pretty geoculturally distributed.
255
796200
4776
13:45
Have they all agreed? No, not completely.
256
801000
2496
每國都同意推行嗎？沒有
泰國 巴西 奈及利亞是比較積極的
13:48
Probably Thailand, Brazil and Nigeria
257
803520
2376
13:50
are the three that are
the most active and most agreed.
the most active and most agreed.
258
805920
3096
也最願意配合
我們尚未與任一國簽署任何協議
13:53
We're purposely
not signing anything with anybody
not signing anything with anybody
259
809040
3096
要等筆電完工
13:56
until we actually have the working ones.
260
812160
2296
我每三個月拜訪這些國家一次
13:59
And since I visit
each one of those countries
each one of those countries
261
814480
2656
14:01
within at least every three months,
262
817160
2016
等於我每三週就環遊世界一圈
14:04
I'm just going around the world
every three weeks.
every three weeks.
263
819200
3136
這是我們大致的進度
14:07
Here's sort of the schedule
264
822360
1536
14:08
and I put at the bottom we might give some
away free in two years at this meeting.
away free in two years at this meeting.
265
823920
6200
希望在兩年後的TED大會上免費發送
每個人都說 成本100元的筆電 辦不到的
14:15
Everybody says it's a $100 laptop --
266
830422
3113
14:18
you can't do it.
267
833559
1151
知道嗎 我們確實辦不到
14:19
Well, guess what, we're not.
268
834734
1402
一開始大約是135元 然後慢慢降價
14:20
We're coming in probably at 135,
to start, then drift down.
to start, then drift down.
269
836160
5056
這點非常重要
14:26
And that's very important,
270
841240
1456
14:27
because so many things hit the market
at a price and then drift up.
at a price and then drift up.
271
842720
5296
因為許多商品上市後 價格會逐漸上漲
就是先以低價促銷 打響知名度後
14:32
It's kind of the loss leader,
272
848040
1496
14:34
and then as soon as it looks interesting,
273
849560
2856
到頭來不是變得太貴 就是無法量產
14:37
it can't be afforded,
or it can't be scaled out.
or it can't be scaled out.
274
852440
2656
我們目標是在2010年將成本降至50美元
14:39
So we're targeting 50 dollars in 2010.
275
855120
3416
水貨市場是一大問題
14:43
The gray market's a big issue.
276
858560
1776
14:45
And one of the ways -- just one --
277
860360
2376
防範水貨市場交易 只有一個方法
14:47
but one of the ways to help
in the case of the gray market
in the case of the gray market
278
862760
4056
就是產品必須獨一無二
14:51
is to make something
that is so utterly unique --
that is so utterly unique --
279
866840
2536
以汽車為例
14:54
It's a little bit like the fact
that automobiles --
that automobiles --
280
869400
3616
美國每天有上千輛車失竊
14:57
thousands of automobiles
are stolen every day in the United States.
are stolen every day in the United States.
281
873040
3656
15:01
Not one single
post-office truck is stolen.
post-office truck is stolen.
282
876720
2936
但一定沒有人會偷郵務車 為什麼？
15:04
(Laughter)
283
879680
1216
15:05
And why?
284
880920
1176
因為沒辦法脫手
15:06
Because there's no market
for post-office trucks.
for post-office trucks.
285
882120
2336
郵務車就是郵務車的樣子
15:09
It looks like a post-office truck.
286
884480
1736
就算漆上不同顏色、改裝都沒用
15:11
You can spray paint it.
You can do anything you want.
You can do anything you want.
287
886240
2477
我聽說 南非沒有白色富豪車失竊
15:13
I just learned recently: in South Africa,
no white Volvos are stolen.
no white Volvos are stolen.
288
888741
4195
從來沒有
15:17
Period. None. Zero.
289
892960
1576
所以百元筆電就要像白色富豪車
15:19
So we want to make it
very much like a white Volvo.
very much like a white Volvo.
290
894560
4015
各國政府都有專案小組
15:24
Each government has a task force.
291
899360
2216
15:26
This perhaps is less interesting,
292
901600
1616
要各部門通力合作 其實困難重重
15:28
but we're trying to get the governments
to all work together
to all work together
293
903240
2905
15:30
and it's not easy.
294
906169
2435
最省事的做法是從中央政府下手
15:34
The economics of this
is to start with the federal governments
is to start with the federal governments
295
909880
5047
然後層層推展
15:39
and then later,
to subsequently go to other --
to subsequently go to other --
296
914951
6982
例如 發起兒童一對一資助計畫
15:46
whether it's child-to-child funding,
297
921957
1896
讓美國孩子替發展中國家孩子出錢
15:48
so a child in this country buys one
for a child in the developing world,
for a child in the developing world,
298
923877
4459
依性別或年齡將兩地的孩子配對
15:53
maybe of the same gender,
maybe of the same age.
maybe of the same age.
299
928360
3096
也可能是長輩送晚輩 當作生日禮物
15:56
An uncle gives a niece or a nephew that
as a birthday present.
as a birthday present.
300
931480
3696
可以做的事太多了
16:00
I mean, there are all sorts of things
that will happen,
that will happen,
301
935200
2696
16:02
and they'll be very, very exciting.
302
937920
1896
未來的發展真是讓人萬分期待
16:04
And everybody says -- I say --
it's an education project.
it's an education project.
303
939840
4995
另外 既然這是教育計畫
筆電裡會附軟體嗎？
16:09
Are we providing the software?
304
944859
1997
答案是 系統裡當然有軟體
16:11
The answer is:
305
946880
1485
16:13
The system certainly has software,
306
948389
1627
不過 我們不提供教學材料
16:14
but no, we're not providing
the education content.
the education content.
307
950040
3136
教材由各國自己負責
16:18
That is really done in the countries.
308
953200
4096
我們是建構主義者
16:22
But we are certainly constructionists.
309
957320
2076
認為做中學才是學習之道
16:24
And we certainly believe
in learning by doing
in learning by doing
310
959420
2156
16:26
and everything from Logo,
which was started in 1968,
which was started in 1968,
311
961600
4136
例如Logo程式語言 從1968年啟用
16:30
to more modern things, like Scratch,
if you've ever even heard of it,
if you've ever even heard of it,
312
965760
4976
或比較近代的Scratch程式語言
都是以此為理念而設計的
16:35
are very, very much part of it.
313
970760
2056
這就是我們首次展示
16:37
And that's the rollout.
314
972840
1843
這是癡人說夢嗎？真的可行嗎？ 可行
16:40
Are we dreaming? Is this real?
315
975880
2239
16:42
It actually is real.
316
978143
1665
我們唯一受到的批評-沒人願意批評這個計畫
16:45
The only criticism, and people
really don't want to criticize this,
really don't want to criticize this,
317
980760
4736
因為它是人道活動 非營利組織
16:50
because it is a humanitarian effort,
a nonprofit effort
a nonprofit effort
318
985520
3856
其實任何批評都是非常不智的
16:54
and to criticize it
is a little bit stupid, actually.
is a little bit stupid, actually.
319
989400
3816
16:58
(Laughter)
320
993240
1216
所以唯一會批評的就是
16:59
But the one thing
that people could criticize was,
that people could criticize was,
321
994480
6136
立意可嘉 但這些人無法付諸實行
17:05
"Great idea, but these guys can't do it."
322
1000640
3564
這指的可能是 這群教授等人不自量力
17:09
And that could either mean these guys,
professors and so on couldn't do it,
professors and so on couldn't do it,
323
1004800
4176
17:13
or that it's not possible.
324
1009000
1976
或計畫本身是不可能的任務
17:15
Well, on December 12, a company
called Quanta agreed to build it,
called Quanta agreed to build it,
325
1011000
5696
12月12日 廣達電腦同意進行生產
該公司是製造全球1/3筆電的大廠
17:21
and since they make about one-third
of all the laptops on the planet today,
of all the laptops on the planet today,
326
1016720
4936
17:26
that question disappeared.
327
1021680
1576
一舉掃除任何對可行性的疑慮
17:28
So it's not a matter
of whether it's going to happen.
of whether it's going to happen.
328
1023280
3216
百元筆電計畫正準備上路
17:31
It is going to happen.
329
1026520
1216
17:32
And if it comes out
at 138 dollars, so what?
at 138 dollars, so what?
330
1027760
4420
即使一開始售價是138美元又如何？
即使延遲六個月才上市又如何？
17:37
If it comes out six months late, so what?
331
1032204
2972
這個計畫一定會漸入佳境 謝謝
17:40
That's a pretty soft landing. Thank you.
332
1035200
2656
(掌聲)
17:42
(Applause)
333
1037880
2199
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionaryThe founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world.
Why you should listen
A pioneer in the field of computer-aided design, Negroponte founded (and was the first director of) MIT's Media Lab, which helped drive the multimedia revolution and now houses more than 500 researchers and staff across a broad range of disciplines. An original investor in Wired (and the magazine's "patron saint"), for five years he penned a column exploring the frontiers of technology -- ideas that he expanded into his 1995 best-selling book Being Digital. An angel investor extraordinaire, he's funded more than 40 startups, and served on the boards of companies such as Motorola and Ambient Devices.
But his latest effort, the One Laptop per Child project, may prove his most ambitious. The organization is designing, manufacturing and distributing low-cost, wireless Internet-enabled computers costing roughly $100 and aimed at children. Negroponte hopes to put millions of these devices in the hands of children in the developing world.
Nicholas Negroponte | Speaker | TED.com