Anjali Tripathi: Why Earth may someday look like Mars
Anjali Tripathi: Per què la Terra s'assemblarà a Mart algun dia?
Anjali Tripathi explores planets to uncover the processes that make and destroy them. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
at the stars at night,
is what you can't see,
és el que no podem veure,
or almost every star,
o gairebé cada estrella,
we tend to think of faraway things
tendim a pensar en coses llunyanes
that are amazing about Earth
to find things that are like that.
per trobar coses que s'hi assemblin.
we're finding amazing things.
trobem coses increïbles.
about an amazing thing here on Earth.
d'una cosa increïble de la Terra.
and never coming back.
as the Earth's atmosphere.
l'atmosfera de la Terra.
that form a thin blue line
que formen una fina línia blava
the International Space Station,
l'Estació Espacial Internacional,
per uns astronautes.
del nostre planeta
from too many impacts,
at least a little bit.
is not specific to planet Earth.
específic del planeta Terra.
to be a planet, if you ask me,
ser un planeta,
but throughout the universe,
sinó per tot l'univers,
about planets themselves.
molt dels propis planetes.
about the solar system,
there are eight planets, maybe nine.
potser nou.
who are stressed by this picture,
amb aquesta imatge,
we're including Pluto.
afegirem Plutó.
and atmospheric escape,
i l'escapament atmosfèric,
around other stars that we can't see
al voltant d'altres estrelles que no veiem
dels planetes
just stuck together
que es manté adherit
and have so much gravity.
i tenen molta gravetat.
is really at play here.
molt a veure aquí.
characteristic about planets
fondamental dels planetes
in the solar system are orbiting around.
tots els planetes del Sistema Solar.
atmospheric escape.
provoca l'escapament atmosfèric.
drive atmospheric escape from planets
l'escapament atmosfèric dels planetes
particles and light and heat
partícules, llum i calor
les atmosferes marxin.
of lanterns in Thailand at a festival,
de fanalets d'un festival a Tailàndia,
can propel gasses upward.
propulsa els gasos cap amunt.
and only bound by gravity,
i únicament subjecte per la gravetat,
causing atmospheric escape
causa l'escapament atmosfèric
between heating from the star
la calor que desprèn l'estrella
of gravity on the planet.
gravitatòria del planeta.
a minute for hydrogen
per minut amb l'hidrogen
de la NASA.
of escaping hydrogen looks like,
esclat d'hidrogen que s'escapa,
like oxygen and nitrogen
com l'oxigen i el nitrogen
al voltant dels tròpics.
that conclusively show us
de manera concluent
tightly bound to us here on Earth
s'aferra a nosaltres aquí a la Terra
reaching out far into space,
s'expandeix cap a l'espai,
in undergoing atmospheric escape.
que pateix l'escapament atmosfèric.
is much smaller than Earth,
és molt més petit que la Terra,
with which to hold on to its atmosphere.
amb què poder aferrar la seva atmosfera.
than the Earth's.
que la de la Terra.
that it didn't have an atmosphere
que no hi havia una atmosfera
Mars used to have a wetter past,
va tenir un passat molt més humit,
it broke up into hydrogen and oxygen,
es va separar en hidrogen i oxigen,
it escaped into space,
es va fugar cap a l'espai,
rusty red color that we see.
vermell rovellat que veiem.
probably happened,
segurament va passar,
at Mars called the MAVEN satellite,
a Mart, el satèl·lit MAVEN,
is to study atmospheric escape.
l'escapament atmosfèric.
and Volatile Evolution spacecraft.
Evolució Atmosfèrica i Volàtil de Mart.
shown pictures very similar
imatges molt similars
was losing its atmosphere,
perdia la seva atmosfera,
you can see in the red circle
veiem, el cercle vermell
escaping away from the planet.
que s'escapa del planeta.
the size of the planet,
la mida del planeta.
no longer bound to that planet.
al planeta.
from that lost hydrogen.
per la pèrdua d'hidrogen.
the only gas that's lost.
que es perd.
and some oxygen and nitrogen,
i una mica d'oxigen i nitrogen,
at the oxygen being lost from Mars.
l'oxigen que perd Mart.
that because oxygen is heavier,
es més pesat,
away from the planet.
into that red circle.
dins el cercle vermell.
atmospheric escape on our own planet
l'escapament atmosfèric al nostre planeta
and send spacecraft
i enviar aeronaus
about the past of planets
sobre el passat dels planetes
can learn about the future
realment sobre el futur
that we can't see.
tan llunyans que no podem veure.
before I go on to that,
abans de seguir amb això,
photos like this of Pluto,
com aquesta de Plutó,
is currently studying atmospheric escape
estudia l'escapament atmosfèric
that I did want to talk about
that's not our Sun
al voltant d'una estrella que no és el Sol
or extrasolar planet.
o planeta extrasolar.
transitoris
at that star in the middle,
al centre,
that are going past it all the time,
per davant constantment,
de tal manera
the light from the star
la llum de l'estrella
in the night sky
les estrelles a la nit,
to detect over 5,000 planets
de detectar més de 5.000 planetes
many more out there, like I mentioned.
allà dalt, com he dit abans.
from these stars,
d'aquestes estrelles,
is not the planet itself,
no és el planeta en sí,
a dimming of the light
l'enfosquiment de la llum
decreases in front of the star,
el planeta es redueix davant l'estrella,
that you saw before.
hem vist abans.
in different wavelengths.
en diferents longituds d'ona.
and Mars in ultraviolet light.
la Terra i Mars amb llum ultraviolada.
with the Hubble Space Telescope,
amb el telescopi espacial Hubble,
much less light from the star,
molta menys llum de l'estrella,
an extended atmosphere of hydrogen
una extensa atmosfera d'hidrogen
more of the light that you see.
quantitat de la llum que veiem.
we've actually been able to discover
hem pogut descobrir
that are undergoing atmospheric escape.
que experimenten l'escapament atmosfèric.
can be called hot Jupiters,
anomenar Júpiters ardents,
they're gas planets like Jupiter,
planetes gasosos com Júpiter,
lightweight gas that's ready to escape,
a punt per escapar-se,
of atmospheric escape.
són totalment devastadors.
of hydrogen being lost on Earth,
d'hidrogen que es perden a la Terra,
pounds of hydrogen every minute.
d'hidrogen per minut.
does this make the planet cease to exist?
això fa que el planeta deixi d'existir?
that people wondered
propers al Sol són rocosos,
closer to the Sun are rocky,
are bigger and more gaseous.
són més grossos i més gasosos.
with something like Jupiter
una cosa com Júpiter
with something like a hot Jupiter,
alguna cosa com un Júpiter ardent,
with Mercury or the Earth.
Mercuri o la Terra.
una cosa més petita,
would have gotten away
escapat prou gas
significantly impacted it
than what you started with.
de la que hi havia inicialment.
with us here on Earth?
aquí a la Terra?
is going to become very intense.
es tornarà molt intensa.
gas streaming off from a hot Jupiter,
el gas desprendre's d'un Júpiter ardent,
that is broken down,
que es trenca,
into space more rapidly,
with this dry, reddish planet.
un planeta sec i vermellós.
for a few billion years,
d'aquí uns mil milions d'anys,
to be aware of what's going on,
de què està passant,
is happening as we speak.
està passant mentres parlem.
that you hear about happening in space
increïble que passa a l'espai
to learn about these worlds.
per aprendre sobre aquests móns.
or exoplanets like hot Jupiters,
o exoplanetes com Júpiters ardents,
about our planet here on Earth.
sobre el nostre planeta Terra.
you think that space is far away.
que penseu que l'espai està molt lluny.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anjali Tripathi - AstrophysicistAnjali Tripathi explores planets to uncover the processes that make and destroy them.
Why you should listen
Even though Anjali Tripathi worked on NASA's Mars rovers in high school, the California native never expected to become an astronomer. Unlike the earthquakes she researched early on, astronomy seemed unconnected from daily life. As she has since discovered, exploring distant planets has a lot to do with life itself -- including the fate of the air we breathe. Using some of the most powerful telescopes and supercomputers, Tripathi studies how seemingly permanent planets change over time. She has pioneered the characterization of planet-forming environments and developed computer simulations to trace the 3D structure of planet atmospheres that are shrinking due to evaporation.
A natural teacher, Tripathi makes complex science concepts relevant and easy to understand. She believes that everyone can understand science -- even rocket science. She has partnered with the Smithsonian, Teach for America and others to increase scientific literacy and spread enthusiasm for the subject. Her engaging and humorous talks feature real world connections and unusual props, including a fully functioning Mars Pathfinder rover or full-size solar car.
Tripathi earned degrees in physics and astronomy from M.I.T., the University of Cambridge and Harvard University. Recognized as a promising American leader with a commitment to public service, Tripathi is a 2016-17 White House Fellow.
Anjali Tripathi | Speaker | TED.com