Anjali Tripathi: Why Earth may someday look like Mars
Anjali Tripathi: ¿Por qué la Tierra puede parecerse algún día a Marte?
Anjali Tripathi explores planets to uncover the processes that make and destroy them. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
at the stars at night,
is what you can't see,
es lo que no se puede ver,
or almost every star,
o de casi toda estrella,
we tend to think of faraway things
solemos pensar en cosas lejanas
that are amazing about Earth
en la Tierra
to find things that are like that.
para encontrar cosas así.
we're finding amazing things.
about an amazing thing here on Earth.
algo increíble de la Tierra.
and never coming back.
y muchas otras cosas
as the Earth's atmosphere.
como atmósfera terrestre.
that form a thin blue line
que forman la delgada línea azul
the International Space Station,
Estación Espacial Internacional,
from too many impacts,
at least a little bit.
is not specific to planet Earth.
específica del planeta Tierra.
to be a planet, if you ask me,
ser un planeta, si me preguntan,
but throughout the universe,
sino en todo el universo,
about planets themselves.
realmente de los propios planetas.
about the solar system,
there are eight planets, maybe nine.
hay ocho planetas, quizá nueve.
who are stressed by this picture,
por esta imagen,
we're including Pluto.
incluimos a Plutón.
and atmospheric escape,
y de la fuga atmosférica,
around other stars that we can't see
otras estrellas que no podemos ver
fundamentales de los planetas
just stuck together
and have so much gravity.
y tienen mucha gravedad.
realmente entra en juego aquí.
is really at play here.
characteristic about planets
de los planetas
in the solar system are orbiting around.
los planetas del sistema solar.
atmospheric escape.
la fuga atmosférica.
drive atmospheric escape from planets
la fuga atmosférica de los planetas
particles and light and heat
partículas, luz y calor
las atmósferas se fuguen.
of lanterns in Thailand at a festival,
en Tailandia en un festival,
can propel gasses upward.
impulsar los gases hacia arriba.
and only bound by gravity,
solo retenido por la gravedad,
causing atmospheric escape
la fuga atmosférica
between heating from the star
el calor de la estrella
of gravity on the planet.
de gravedad del planeta.
a minute for hydrogen
por minuto de hidrógeno
Dynamic Explorer de la NASA.
of escaping hydrogen looks like,
de la fuga de hidrógeno,
like oxygen and nitrogen
alrededor de los trópicos.
that conclusively show us
de manera concluyente
tightly bound to us here on Earth
unida a nosotros aquí en la Tierra
reaching out far into space,
se propaga hacia el espacio,
in undergoing atmospheric escape.
en la fuga atmosférica.
is much smaller than Earth,
es mucho más pequeño que la Tierra,
with which to hold on to its atmosphere.
con la que mantener su atmósfera.
más delgada que la terrestre.
than the Earth's.
that it didn't have an atmosphere
que no tuvo una atmósfera
Mars used to have a wetter past,
solía tener un pasado más húmedo,
it broke up into hydrogen and oxygen,
y se descompuso en hidrógeno y oxígeno
it escaped into space,
escapó al espacio
rusty red color that we see.
oxidado que vemos.
probably happened,
la fuga atmosférica.
at Mars called the MAVEN satellite,
en Marte llamada satélite MAVEN,
is to study atmospheric escape.
la fuga atmosférica.
and Volatile Evolution spacecraft.
y la nave Evolución Volátil.
shown pictures very similar
imágenes muy similares
estaba perdiendo su atmósfera,
was losing its atmosphere,
imágenes impresionantes.
you can see in the red circle
pueden ver el círculo rojo
escaping away from the planet.
que se fuga del planeta.
the size of the planet,
el tamaño del planeta,
ya no estar vinculado a ese planeta.
no longer bound to that planet.
from that lost hydrogen.
a partir de ese hidrógeno perdido.
the only gas that's lost.
el único gas perdido.
and some oxygen and nitrogen,
y algo de oxígeno y nitrógeno,
at the oxygen being lost from Mars.
el oxígeno que se pierde en Marte.
that because oxygen is heavier,
el oxígeno es más pesado,
como el hidrógeno,
away from the planet.
into that red circle.
a ese círculo rojo.
atmospheric escape on our own planet
en nuestro propio planeta
and send spacecraft
en otros sitios y enviar naves
about the past of planets
el pasado de los planetas
can learn about the future
de aprender sobre el futuro
that we can't see.
que no podemos ver.
antes de continuar con eso,
before I go on to that,
fotos como esta de Plutón,
photos like this of Pluto,
is currently studying atmospheric escape
está estudiando la fuga atmosférica
that I did want to talk about
that's not our Sun
una estrella que no sea el sol
or extrasolar planet.
o planeta extrasolar.
at that star in the middle,
esa estrella del medio,
that are going past it all the time,
por delante todo el tiempo,
the light from the star
la luz de la estrella
in the night sky
en el cielo nocturno
to detect over 5,000 planets
más de 5000 planetas
many more out there, like I mentioned.
por ahí, como he mencionado.
from these stars,
la luz de estas estrellas,
is not the planet itself,
a dimming of the light
decreases in front of the star,
pasa delante de la estrella,
that you saw before.
in different wavelengths.
en diferentes longitudes de onda.
and Mars in ultraviolet light.
y Marte con luz ultravioleta.
with the Hubble Space Telescope,
con el Telescopio Espacial Hubble,
much less light from the star,
mucho menos luz de la estrella,
an extended atmosphere of hydrogen
extendida de hidrógeno
more of the light that you see.
más luz de la que vemos.
we've actually been able to discover
podido descubrir en realidad
that are undergoing atmospheric escape.
que sufren fuga atmosférica.
can be called hot Jupiters,
denominarse Júpiteres calientes,
que hemos encontrado.
they're gas planets like Jupiter,
de gas como Júpiter,
lightweight gas that's ready to escape,
listo para escapar,
of atmospheric escape.
de fuga atmosférica.
of hydrogen being lost on Earth,
de hidrógeno que pierde la Tierra,
pounds of hydrogen every minute.
de kg de hidrógeno por minuto.
does this make the planet cease to exist?
¿esto hace que desaparezca el planeta?
that people wondered
closer to the Sun are rocky,
al sol son rocosos,
are bigger and more gaseous.
son más grandes y más gaseosos.
with something like Jupiter
con algo como Júpiter
with something like a hot Jupiter,
con algo como un Júpiter caliente,
with Mercury or the Earth.
would have gotten away
significantly impacted it
un impacto significativo
than what you started with.
al planeta con el que empezó.
with us here on Earth?
con la Tierra?
is going to become very intense.
será muy intenso.
gas streaming off from a hot Jupiter,
se fuga de un Júpiter caliente,
that is broken down,
que se descompone,
into space more rapidly,
with this dry, reddish planet.
este planeta seco y rojizo.
dentro de miles de millones de años,
for a few billion years,
to be aware of what's going on,
al tanto de lo que ocurrirá
is happening as we speak.
ocurre mientras hablamos.
that you hear about happening in space
uno oye que ocurre en el espacio
to learn about these worlds.
para aprender sobre estos mundos.
or exoplanets like hot Jupiters,
o exoplanetas como Júpiteres calientes,
about our planet here on Earth.
sobre nuestro planeta Tierra.
you think that space is far away.
que piensen que el espacio es lejano.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anjali Tripathi - AstrophysicistAnjali Tripathi explores planets to uncover the processes that make and destroy them.
Why you should listen
Even though Anjali Tripathi worked on NASA's Mars rovers in high school, the California native never expected to become an astronomer. Unlike the earthquakes she researched early on, astronomy seemed unconnected from daily life. As she has since discovered, exploring distant planets has a lot to do with life itself -- including the fate of the air we breathe. Using some of the most powerful telescopes and supercomputers, Tripathi studies how seemingly permanent planets change over time. She has pioneered the characterization of planet-forming environments and developed computer simulations to trace the 3D structure of planet atmospheres that are shrinking due to evaporation.
A natural teacher, Tripathi makes complex science concepts relevant and easy to understand. She believes that everyone can understand science -- even rocket science. She has partnered with the Smithsonian, Teach for America and others to increase scientific literacy and spread enthusiasm for the subject. Her engaging and humorous talks feature real world connections and unusual props, including a fully functioning Mars Pathfinder rover or full-size solar car.
Tripathi earned degrees in physics and astronomy from M.I.T., the University of Cambridge and Harvard University. Recognized as a promising American leader with a commitment to public service, Tripathi is a 2016-17 White House Fellow.
Anjali Tripathi | Speaker | TED.com