Anjali Tripathi: Why Earth may someday look like Mars
Anjali Tripathi: Dlaczego Ziemia pewnego dnia może wyglądać jak Mars
Anjali Tripathi explores planets to uncover the processes that make and destroy them. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
at the stars at night,
jest jeszcze piękniejsze.
is what you can't see,
lub prawie każdej gwiazdy
or almost every star,
we tend to think of faraway things
myślimy o czymś odległym,
niesamowitych rzeczy,
that are amazing about Earth
podobnego tak daleko.
to find things that are like that.
we're finding amazing things.
about an amazing thing here on Earth.
and never coming back.
as the Earth's atmosphere.
zdjęcie atmosfery ziemskiej
that form a thin blue line
z Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej.
the International Space Station,
from too many impacts,
at least a little bit.
is not specific to planet Earth.
na innych planetach.
pozwalających nazwać coś planetą.
to be a planet, if you ask me,
but throughout the universe,
about planets themselves.
about the solar system,
there are eight planets, maybe nine.
who are stressed by this picture,
sondzie kosmicznej New Horizons.
we're including Pluto.
and atmospheric escape,
around other stars that we can't see
just stuck together
and have so much gravity.
i posiadają silną grawitację,
is really at play here.
characteristic about planets
in the solar system are orbiting around.
atmospheric escape.
drive atmospheric escape from planets
napędzają parowanie atmosfer,
światło i ciepło powodujące,
particles and light and heat
of lanterns in Thailand at a festival,
sprawą gorącego powietrza.
can propel gasses upward.
ilość energii i ogrzewania,
jedynie przez grawitację
and only bound by gravity,
causing atmospheric escape
between heating from the star
of gravity on the planet.
około 180 kg wodoru
a minute for hydrogen
of escaping hydrogen looks like,
like oxygen and nitrogen
that conclusively show us
ciasno związana z Ziemią.
tightly bound to us here on Earth
reaching out far into space,
in undergoing atmospheric escape.
is much smaller than Earth,
utrzymującą atmosferę.
with which to hold on to its atmosphere.
than the Earth's.
that it didn't have an atmosphere
Mars used to have a wetter past,
it broke up into hydrogen and oxygen,
w przestrzeń kosmiczną,
it escaped into space,
rusty red color that we see.
miało miejsce na Marsie.
probably happened,
nazwany MAVEN jest sondą NASA,
at Mars called the MAVEN satellite,
is to study atmospheric escape.
atmosfery Marsa i jej ulatywania."
and Volatile Evolution spacecraft.
shown pictures very similar
że Mars tracił atmosferę.
was losing its atmosphere,
you can see in the red circle
to wodór ulatujący z planety.
escaping away from the planet.
the size of the planet,
no longer bound to that planet.
czerwony od utraty wodoru.
from that lost hydrogen.
the only gas that's lost.
to także hel, tlen i azot.
and some oxygen and nitrogen,
tlen ulatujący z Marsa.
at the oxygen being lost from Mars.
that because oxygen is heavier,
away from the planet.
tego czerwonego okręgu.
into that red circle.
atmospheric escape on our own planet
występuje na innych planetach
pomocą statków kosmicznych,
and send spacecraft
about the past of planets
can learn about the future
that we can't see.
before I go on to that,
photos like this of Pluto,
is currently studying atmospheric escape
that I did want to talk about
dookoła gwiazdy innej niż Słońce
that's not our Sun
lub planety pozasłoneczne.
or extrasolar planet.
at that star in the middle,
that are going past it all the time,
the light from the star
in the night sky
do tej pory ponad 5000 planet
to detect over 5,000 planets
many more out there, like I mentioned.
from these stars,
is not the planet itself,
a dimming of the light
decreases in front of the star,
that you saw before.
o innych długościach fal.
in different wavelengths.
Ziemi i Marsa w ultrafiolecie.
and Mars in ultraviolet light.
do obserwacji tranzytu,
with the Hubble Space Telescope,
i mniej światła z gwiazdy,
much less light from the star,
rozciągająca się dookoła planety
an extended atmosphere of hydrogen
które można zobaczyć.
more of the light that you see.
we've actually been able to discover
na odkrycie kilku egzoplanet
that are undergoing atmospheric escape.
can be called hot Jupiters,
they're gas planets like Jupiter,
lightweight gas that's ready to escape,
prędkości parowania atmosfer.
of atmospheric escape.
ulatującego z Ziemi w każdej minucie,
of hydrogen being lost on Earth,
pounds of hydrogen every minute.
does this make the planet cease to exist?
czy w związku z tym planeta znika?
that people wondered
closer to the Sun are rocky,
są większe i gazowe.
are bigger and more gaseous.
with something like Jupiter
pokroju gorących jowiszy,
with something like a hot Jupiter,
jak Ziemia czy Merkury.
with Mercury or the Earth.
would have gotten away
significantly impacted it
niż było to na początku.
than what you started with.
with us here on Earth?
będzie bardziej intensywne.
is going to become very intense.
gas streaming off from a hot Jupiter,
that is broken down,
into space more rapidly,
czerwonawą planetą.
with this dry, reddish planet.
for a few billion years,
niż kilka miliardów lat,
to be aware of what's going on,
is happening as we speak.
przynoszą wiele wspaniałych rzeczy.
that you hear about happening in space
by lepiej poznawać świat.
to learn about these worlds.
takie jak gorące jowisze,
or exoplanets like hot Jupiters,
about our planet here on Earth.
mówiąc o kosmosie, jako o czymś odległym.
you think that space is far away.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anjali Tripathi - AstrophysicistAnjali Tripathi explores planets to uncover the processes that make and destroy them.
Why you should listen
Even though Anjali Tripathi worked on NASA's Mars rovers in high school, the California native never expected to become an astronomer. Unlike the earthquakes she researched early on, astronomy seemed unconnected from daily life. As she has since discovered, exploring distant planets has a lot to do with life itself -- including the fate of the air we breathe. Using some of the most powerful telescopes and supercomputers, Tripathi studies how seemingly permanent planets change over time. She has pioneered the characterization of planet-forming environments and developed computer simulations to trace the 3D structure of planet atmospheres that are shrinking due to evaporation.
A natural teacher, Tripathi makes complex science concepts relevant and easy to understand. She believes that everyone can understand science -- even rocket science. She has partnered with the Smithsonian, Teach for America and others to increase scientific literacy and spread enthusiasm for the subject. Her engaging and humorous talks feature real world connections and unusual props, including a fully functioning Mars Pathfinder rover or full-size solar car.
Tripathi earned degrees in physics and astronomy from M.I.T., the University of Cambridge and Harvard University. Recognized as a promising American leader with a commitment to public service, Tripathi is a 2016-17 White House Fellow.
Anjali Tripathi | Speaker | TED.com