TEDxSanMigueldeAllende
Emiliano Salinas: A civil response to violence
Emiliano Salinas: en civil reaktion på volden
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I denne passionerede talk fra TEDxSanMigueldeAllende, der allerede har vakt stor opmærksomhed i Mexico, konfronterer Emiliano Salinas, søn af tidligere præsident Carlos Salinas de Gortari, den nuværende bølge af vold i Mexico -- eller snarere hvordan det Mexicanske samfund reagerer på den. Han kortlægger hvordan samfundet kan gå fra benægtelse og frygt til fredelig, samfundsbaseret handling, idet han kalder på den almindelige borger til at rejse sig og tage hånd om sit lands fremtid. Dette er den første TEDTalk, der afholdes på et andet sprog end engelsk.
Emiliano Salinas - Community activist
Emiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence. Full bio
Emiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
My name is Emiliano Salinas
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Mit navn er Emiliano Salinas
00:18
and I'm going to talk about the role
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og jeg vil snakke om rollen,
00:22
we members of society play
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os medlemmer af samfundet spiller
00:24
in the violent atmosphere
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i den voldelige stemning,
00:25
this country is living in right now.
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det her land oplever lige nu.
00:29
I was born in 1976.
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Jeg er født i 1976.
00:32
I grew up in a traditional Mexican family.
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Jeg voksede op i en traditionel mexicansk familie
00:35
As a child, I had a pretty normal life:
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Som barn havde jeg et forholdsvis almindeligt liv:
00:37
I would go to school, play with my friends and cousins.
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Jeg gik i skole, legede med venner og med mine fætre.
00:41
But then my father became President of Mexico
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Men så blev min far Mexicos præsident
00:43
and my life changed.
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og mit liv ændrede sig.
00:47
What I'm about to say,
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Hvad jeg skal til at sige,
00:49
at least some of what I'm about to say,
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eller noget af det jeg skal til at sige,
00:51
will cause controversy.
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vil blive kontroversielt.
00:53
Firstly, because I'm the one who's going to say it.
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For det første, fordi det er mig, der siger det
00:56
And secondly, because what I'm going to say is true,
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og for det andet, fordi det er sandt,
00:59
and it will make a lot of people nervous
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og det vil gøre mange folk nervøse
01:01
because it's something we don't want to hear.
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fordi det er noget, vi ikke har lyst til at høre.
01:03
But it's imperative that we listen
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Men det er nødvendigt, at vi lytter
01:05
because it's undeniable and definitive.
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fordi det er endegyldigt og definitivt.
01:08
It will also make members of
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Det vil også gøre medlemmer af
01:09
criminal organizations nervous
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kriminelle organisationer nervøse
01:11
for the same reasons.
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af de samme grunde.
01:13
I'm going to talk about the role
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Jeg skal til at snakke om rollen
01:16
we members of society play
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vi medlemmer af samfundet spiller
01:18
in this phenomenon,
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i dette fænomen,
01:20
and about four different response levels
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og om fire forskellige responsniveauer
01:21
we citizens have against violence.
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vi indbyggere har imod vold.
01:26
I know many will find it difficult to separate the fact
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Jeg ved mange vil finde det svært at skelne fra det faktum,
01:28
that I'm Carlos Salinas de Gortari's son
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at jeg er Carlos Salinas de Gortaris søn,
01:30
from the fact that I'm a citizen
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og det, at jeg er en indbygger
01:32
concerned about the country's current situation.
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der bekymrer sig om landets situation.
01:33
Don't worry.
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Tag det roligt.
01:35
It's not necessary for understanding
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Det er ikke nødvendigt for at forstå
01:37
the importance of what I'm going to say.
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vigtigheden i det, jeg skal til at sige.
01:40
I think we have a problem in Mexico.
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Jeg synes vi har et problem i Mexico.
01:42
We have a big problem.
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Vi har et stort problem.
01:43
I think there's consensus on this.
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Jeg tror der er enighed omkring det.
01:45
No one argues --
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Ingen skændes om det --
01:46
we all agree there's a problem.
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vi er alle enige i, at der er et problem.
01:47
What we don't agree on
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Hvad vi ikke er enige i
01:49
is what the problem actually is.
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er hvad problemet egentlig er.
01:52
Is it the Zetas? The drug traffickers? The government?
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Er det Zetas? Er det narkobaronerne? Regeringen?
01:57
Corruption? Poverty? Or is it something else?
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Korruptionen? Fattigdommen? Eller noget andet?
02:01
I think none of these is the problem.
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Jeg tror ikke, at nogen af disse er problemet.
02:03
I don't mean they don't deserve attention.
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Jeg mener ikke, at de ikke fortjener opmærksomhed.
02:06
But we won't be able to take care of any of those things
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Men vi vil ikke kunne tage os af disse ting
02:08
if we don't solve the real problem
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hvis vi ikke først løser det rigtige problem
02:10
we have in Mexico first.
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vi har i Mexico.
02:12
The real problem we have is
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Det rigtige problem, vi har, er,
02:13
most of us Mexicans, we believe we are victims
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at de fleste af os mexicanere, tror på,
02:16
of our circumstances.
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at vi er vores omstændigheders ofre.
02:18
We are a country of victims.
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Vi er et land af ofre.
02:20
Historically, we've always acted as victims
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Historisk set, har vi altid opført os som ofre
02:23
of something or somebody.
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af noget eller nogen.
02:25
We were victims of the Spaniards.
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Vi var spaniernes ofre.
02:27
Then we were victims of the French.
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Så var vi franskmændenes ofre.
02:29
Then we were victims of Don Porfirio.
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Så var vi Don Porfirios ofre.
02:32
Then we were victims of the PRI.
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Så var vi PRI's ofre.
02:34
Even of Salinas.
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Selv af Salinas.
02:36
And of El Peje.
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Og af El Peje.
02:38
And now of the Zetas and the traffickers and the criminals and the kidnappers ...
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Og nu af Zetas og narkobaronerne og de kriminelle og kidnapperne ...
02:41
Hold on! Wait a minute!
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Hey, hey! Vent nu lige!
02:43
What if none of these things is the problem?
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Hvad hvis ingen af disse var problemet?
02:47
The problem is not the things we feel victims of.
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Problemet er ikke nogen af tingene, vi føler os som ofre af.
02:50
The problem is that we play the role of victims.
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Problemet er, at vi spiller rollen som offeret.
02:54
We need to open our eyes and see that we are not victims.
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Vi er nødt til at indse, at vi er ikke offeret.
02:58
If only we stopped feeling like victims,
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Hvis bare vi ikke havde offermentaliteten,
03:00
if we stopped acting as victims,
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hvis vi holdt op med at opføre os sådan,
03:01
our country would change so much!
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ville vores land ændre sig grandiøst.
03:05
I'm going to talk about how to go from a society
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Jeg vil snakke om, hvordan vi går fra
03:08
that acts as a victim of circumstances
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at opføre os som vores omstændigheders offer
03:10
to a responsible, involved society
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til et ansvarligt, involveret samfund
03:13
that takes the future of its country in its own hands.
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der tager sit lands fremtid i egne hænder.
03:16
I'm going to talk about four different levels
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Jeg vil snakke om 4 niveauer af
03:19
of civil response against violence,
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civil reaktion mod vold,
03:21
from weakest
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fra den svageste
03:23
to strongest.
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til den stærkeste.
03:25
The first level, the weakest level of civil response against violence,
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Det første niveau, den svageste form for civil modstand,
03:28
is denial and apathy.
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er benægtelse og apati.
03:31
Today, much of Mexican society is in denial
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I dag er meget af det mexicanske samfund i benægtelse
03:33
of the situation we're going through.
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af den situation vi går igennem.
03:36
We want to go on with our daily life
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Vi vil videre med vores daglige liv
03:39
even though we are not living under normal circumstances.
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selv om vi ikke lever under normale omstændigheder.
03:41
Daily life in our country is,
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Dagligdagen i vores land er,
03:44
to say the least,
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for at sige det mildt,
03:47
under extraordinary, exceptional circumstances.
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under exceptionelle omstændigheder.
03:49
It's like someone who has a serious illness
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Det er som en mand med en fatal sygdom
03:53
and pretends it's the flu
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der lader som om han er forkølet,
03:55
and it will just go away.
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som om det bare forsvinder.
03:57
We want to pretend that Mexico has the flu.
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Vi vil helst tro på, at Mexico er forkølet.
04:00
But it doesn't.
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Men det er det ikke.
04:02
Mexico has cancer.
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Mexico har kræft.
04:04
And if we don't do something about it,
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Og hvis vi ikke gør noget ved det,
04:07
the cancer will end up killing it.
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vil kræften slå det ihjel.
04:10
We need to move Mexican society
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Vi må flytte det mexicanske samfund
04:12
from denial and apathy
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fra benægtelse og apati
04:14
to the next level of citizen response,
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til det næste niveau af civil modstand,
04:17
which is, effectively, recognition.
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nemlig anderkendelse.
04:20
And that recognition will sow fear --
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Og den anderkendelse vil så frygt.
04:24
recognizing the seriousness of the situation.
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En anderkendelse af situationens alvor.
04:27
But, fear is better than apathy
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Men frygt er bedre end apati.
04:30
because fear makes us do something.
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fordi frygt får os til at gøre noget.
04:34
Many people in Mexico
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En stor andel af borgerne i Mexico
04:37
are afraid today.
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er bange i dag.
04:39
We're very afraid.
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Vi er meget bange.
04:40
And we're acting out of that fear.
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Og vi handler ud fra frygt.
04:43
And let me tell you what the problem is
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Og lad mig forklare hvad problemet
04:44
with acting out of fear --
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med at handle ud fra frygt er
04:46
and this is the second level of civil response:
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-- og det er den civile modstands andet niveau:
04:48
fear.
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frygt.
04:50
Let's think about Mexican streets:
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Tænk på mexicanske gader:
04:52
they're unsafe because of violence,
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De er usikre på grund af vold,
04:56
so people stay at home.
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så folk bliver hjemme.
04:58
Does that make streets more or less safe?
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Gør det gaderne mere eller mindre sikre?
05:03
Less safe!
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mindre sikre!
05:04
So streets become more desolate and unsafe,
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Så gaderne bliver øde og usikre,
05:05
so we stay home more --
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Vi bliver endnu mere hjemme --
05:07
which makes streets even more desolate and unsafe,
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Hvilket gør gaderne endnu mere øde og usikre,
05:09
and we stay home even more.
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og vi bliver endnu mere hjemme.
05:11
This vicious circle ends up with the whole population
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Denne onde cirkel opsluger hele befolkningen
05:13
stuck inside their houses, scared to death --
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fanget i deres hjem, skræmt ud af deres skind --
05:15
even more afraid than when we were out on the streets.
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mere skræmt end de var ude på gaden.
05:18
We need to confront this fear.
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Vi bliver nødt til at konfrontere denne frygt.
05:20
We need to move Mexican society,
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Vi bliver nød til at flytte, mexicansk samfund,
05:23
the members of society who are at this level,
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samfundets borgere som er ved dette niveau,
05:25
to the next level, which is action.
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til det næste, som er handling.
05:28
We need to face our fears and take back our streets,
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Vi må se frygten i øjnene og få vores gader tilbage,
05:32
our cities, our neighborhoods.
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vores byer, vores nabolag.
05:34
For many people, acting involves courage.
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For mange betyder handling vrede.
05:41
We go from fear to courage.
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Vi går fra frygt til vrede.
05:43
They say, "I can't take it anymore.
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De siger "Jeg kan ikke tage det mere,
05:45
Let's do something about it."
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lad os gøre noget."
05:48
Recently --
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For nyligt -
05:50
this is a sensitive figure --
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Dette er en følsom statistik -
05:53
35 public lynchings have been recorded
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35 offentlige udhængninger er blevet talt
05:57
so far in 2010
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indtil videre i 2010
05:58
in Mexico.
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i Mexico.
06:02
Usually it's one or two a year.
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Normalt er det en eller to om året.
06:06
Now we're experiencing one every week.
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Nu er det en om ugen.
06:08
This shows that society is desperate
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Det viser at samfundet er desperat.
06:11
and it's taking the law into its own hands.
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og det tager loven i egen hånd.
06:15
Unfortunately, violent action --
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Uheldigvis, voldelig handlig --
06:17
though action is better than no action --
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Handling er dog bedre end ingen handling --
06:20
but taking part in it
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men at tage del i det
06:23
only disguises violence.
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gemmer kun volden.
06:26
If I'm violent with you
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Hvis jeg er voldelig mod dig
06:28
and you respond with violence,
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og du reagerer med vold,
06:30
you become part of the violence
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bliver du en del af volden
06:32
and you just disguise my violence.
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og så skjuler du bare min vold.
06:36
So civil action
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Så civil handling
06:39
is vital,
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er livsnødvendig.
06:40
but it's also vital to take people
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Men det er også vigtigt at tage folk
06:42
who are at the level of courage
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som er ved vrede
06:45
and violent action
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og voldelige handlinger
06:46
to the next level,
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til næste niveau,
06:48
which is non-violent action.
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hvilket er ikke-voldelig handling
06:50
It's pacific, coordinated civil action,
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det er pacifistisk, koordineret civil handling,
06:53
which doesn't mean passive action.
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hvilket ikke betyder passiv handling.
06:55
It means it's determined and effective,
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det betyder beslutsomt og effektivt,
06:58
but not violent.
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men ikke voldeligt.
07:00
There are examples of this kind of action in Mexico.
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Der er eksempler på den slags i Mexico.
07:03
Two years ago, in Galena City, Chihuahua,
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For to år siden, i Galena City, Chihuahua,
07:08
a member of the community was kidnapped,
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blev en af byens borgere, Eric Le Barón,
07:09
Eric Le Barón.
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kidnappet.
07:11
His brothers, Benjamín and Julián,
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Hans brødre, Benjamín og Julián.
07:13
got together with the rest of the community
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fandt sammen med resten af samfundet
07:15
to think of the best course of action:
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for at finde den bedste handling:
07:17
to pay the ransom,
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at betale løsesummen,
07:19
to take up arms and go after the kidnappers
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at samle våben og gå efter kidnapperne
07:24
or to ask the government for help.
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eller at spørge regeringen om hjælp.
07:26
In the end, Benjamín and Julián decided
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til slut, besluttede Benjamín og Julián sig for,
07:28
the best thing they could do
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at det bedste de kunne gøre
07:30
was to organize the community and act together.
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var at organisere lokalsamfundet og handle sammen.
07:33
So what did they do?
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Så hvad gjorde de?
07:35
They mobilized the whole community of Le Barón
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De mobiliserede hele Le Baróns samfund,
07:37
to go to Chihuahua,
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tog til Chihuahua,
07:40
where they organized a sit-in
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hvor de organiserede en sit-In
07:42
in the central park of the city.
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I parken midt i byen.
07:45
They sent a message to the kidnappers:
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De sendte en besked til kidnapperne:
07:47
"If you want your ransom come and get it.
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"Hvis i vil have jeres løsesum, så kom og hent den.
07:50
We'll be waiting for you right here."
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Vi venter på jer lige her."
07:52
They stayed there.
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De blev der.
07:54
Seven days later, Eric was set free
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Syv dage senere blev Eric sat fri.
07:57
and was able to return home.
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og kunne vende hjem.
07:59
This is an example of what an organized society can do,
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Dette er et eksempel på hvad et organiseret samfund kan gøre,
08:02
a society that acts.
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et samfund der handler.
08:05
Of course, criminals can respond.
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Selvfølgelig kan kriminelle svare igen.
08:07
And in this case, they did.
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I dette tilfælde, gjorde de.
08:09
On July 7th, 2009,
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Den 7. juli, 2009.
08:12
Benjamín Le Barón was murdered.
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Blev Benjamín Le Barón myrdet.
08:15
But Julián Le Barón keeps working
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Men Julián Le Barón arbejder videre
08:18
and he has been mobilizing communities in Chihuahua
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og han har mobiliseret samfund i Chihuahua
08:20
for over a year.
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i over et år nu.
08:22
And for over a year he has known that a price has been put on his head.
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Og i over et år, har han vidst at der er en pris på hans hoved.
08:25
But he keeps fighting.
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Men han kæmper videre.
08:27
He keeps organizing.
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Han bliver ved med at organisere.
08:28
He keeps mobilizing.
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Han bliver ved med at mobilisere.
08:30
These heroic acts are present all over the country.
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Disse heroiske handlinger findes over alt i landet.
08:33
With a thousand Juliáns working together,
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Med tusinde Julián'er, der arbejder sammen,
08:35
Mexico would be a very different country.
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ville Mexico være et meget anderledes land.
08:37
And they're out there!
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Og de er derude!
08:39
They just have to raise their hands.
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De skal bare løfte hånden i vejret.
08:43
I was born in Mexico, I grew up in Mexico
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Jeg er født i Mexico, jeg voksede op i Mexico
08:49
and along the way, I learned to love Mexico.
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og hen ad vejen lærte jeg at elske Mexico.
08:54
I think anyone who has stepped foot on this land --
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Jeg tror at alle, som har sat fod i dette land --
08:58
not to mention all Mexican people --
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for ikke at snakke om alle Mexicanere --
09:00
will agree that it's not difficult
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vil være enig i, at det ikke er svært
09:02
to love Mexico.
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at elske Mexico.
09:05
I've traveled a lot
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Jeg har rejst meget
09:08
and nowhere else have I found the passion Mexicans have.
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og ingen steder har jeg mødt den passion mexicanere har.
09:13
That devotion we feel
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Den hengivenhed vi føler
09:15
for the national football team.
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for det nationale fodboldhold.
09:17
That devotion we show
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Den hengivenhed vi viser
09:19
in helping victims of disasters,
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når vi hjælper ofre for katastrofer,
09:21
such as the earthquake in 1985
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som jordskælvet i 1985
09:23
or this year's floods.
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eller oversvømmelserne i år.
09:26
The passion with which we've been singing the national anthem
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Den passion, når vi synger vores nationalsang
09:31
since we were kids.
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siden vi var børn.
09:33
When we thought Masiosare
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Da vi troede Masiosare
09:34
was the strange enemy,
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var den fremmede fjende.
09:37
and we sang, with a childlike heart,
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da vi sang, med barnesjæl,
09:40
"a soldier in each son."
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"en soldat i hver søn."
09:45
I think the biggest insult,
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Jeg tror den største fornærmelse,
09:47
the worst way you can offend a Mexican
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den værste måde, du kan støde en mexicaner på,
09:49
is to insult their mother.
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er at fornærme deres mor.
09:51
A mother is the most sacred thing in life.
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En mor er det helligste i livet.
09:55
Mexico is our mother and today she cries out for her children.
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Mexico er vores mor, og i dag græder hun ud til sine børn.
09:58
We are going through the darkest moment
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Vi går igennem den mørkeste tid
10:01
in our recent history.
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i vores nyere historie.
10:03
Our mother, Mexico, is being violated before our very eyes.
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Vores mor, Mexico, bliver skamferet foran vores egne øjne.
10:07
What are we going to do?
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Hvad har vi tænkt os at gøre?
10:10
Masiosare, the strange enemy, is here.
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Masiosare, den fremmede fjende, er her.
10:13
Where is the soldier in each son?
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Hvor er soldaten i hver søn?
10:17
Mahatma Gandhi,
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Mahatma Gandhi,
10:19
one of the greatest civil fighters of all time, said,
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en af de største civile forkæmpere gennem tiderne, sagde,
10:23
"Be the change you wish to see in the world."
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"Vær den forandring du ønsker at se i verden."
10:27
Today in Mexico we're asking for Gandhis.
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I dag søger Mexico Gandhier.
10:30
We need Ghandis.
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Vi har brug for Gandhier.
10:33
We need men and women who love Mexico
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Vi har brug for mænd og kvinder der elsker Mexico
10:36
and who are willing to take action.
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og som er villige til at handle.
10:39
This is a call for every true Mexican
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Dette er et kald til hver ægte mexicaner
10:44
to join this initiative.
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til at deltage i initiativet.
10:46
This is a call
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Dette er et kald
10:47
so that every single thing we love about Mexico --
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så at alt, hvad vi elsker ved Mexico --
10:50
the festivals, the markets,
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festivallerne, markederne,
10:52
the restaurants, the cantinas,
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restaurenterne, kantinaerne,
10:54
the tequila, the mariachis, the serenades,
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tequilaen, mariachierne, serenaderne,
10:57
the posadas, El Grito, the Day of the Dead,
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Posadas, El grito, Día de los Muertos,
11:01
San Miguel, the joy, the passion for life,
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San Miguel, glæden, passionen for livet,
11:05
the fight and everything it means to be Mexican --
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kampen og alt hvad det indebærer at være mexicaner --
11:09
doesn't disappear from this world.
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ikke forsvinder fra denne verden.
11:13
We're facing a very powerful opponent.
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Vi står mod en magtfuld fjende.
11:16
But we are many more.
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Men vi er mange flere.
11:19
They can take a man's life.
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De kan tage en mands liv.
11:21
Anyone can kill me,
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Enhver kan slå mig ihjel,
11:23
or you, or you.
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eller dig, eller dig.
11:25
But no one can kill
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Men ingen kan dræbe
11:27
the spirit of true Mexicans.
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ånden i den sande mexicaner.
11:30
The battle is won,
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Kampen er vundet,
11:32
but we still have to fight it.
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men vi skal stadig kæmpe den.
11:35
2000 years ago, the Roman poet Juvenal
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for 2000 år siden, sagde den romerske Juvenal
11:40
said something that today echoes
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noget, der stadig giver genlyd i dag
11:43
in the heart of every true Mexican.
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i hvert hjerte af hver sande mexicaner.
11:46
He said, "Count it the greatest sin
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Han sagde, "Kald det den største synd
11:51
to prefer life to honor,
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at vælge livet fremfor ære,
11:56
and for the sake of living
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og for overlevelsens sag
12:00
to lose what makes life worth living."
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at miste alt hvad der gør livet det værd."
12:04
Thank you.
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Tak.
12:05
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Emiliano Salinas - Community activistEmiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence.
Why you should listen
Emiliano Salinas is the vice president of Prorsus Capital, an investment fund that promotes ethical and innovative projects in Mexico. He's general coordinator of Movimiento Inlak'ech por la Paz, A.C. (Inlak'ech Peace Movement), a civil initiative, founded by scientist and humanist Keith Raniere, that seeks to restore peace in Mexico by strengthening its society to transform violence with compassion.
Emiliano Salinas | Speaker | TED.com