ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rebecca Brachman - Neuroscientist, writer, entrepreneur
Rebecca Brachman is a pioneer in the field of preventative psychopharmacology, developing drugs to enhance stress resilience and prevent mental illness.

Why you should listen

Current treatments for mood disorders only suppress symptoms without addressing the underlying disease, and there are no known cures. The drugs Rebecca Brachman is developing would be the first to prevent psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.

Brachman completed her PhD at Columbia University, prior to which she was a fellow at the National Institutes of Health, where she discovered that immune cells carry a memory of psychological stress and that white blood cells can act as antidepressants and resilience-enhancers. Brachman's research has been featured in The Atlantic, WIRED and Business Insider, and her work was recently described by Dr. George Slavich on NPR as a "moonshot project that is very much needed in the mental health arena."

In addition to conducting ongoing research at Columbia, Brachman is an NYCEDC Entrepreneurship Lab Fellow and cofounder of Paravax -- a biotech startup developing vaccine-like prophylactic drugs ("paravaccines") -- along with her scientific collaborator, Christine Ann Denny. She is also working on a non-profit venture to repurpose existing generic drugs for use as prophylactics, and previously served as the Interim Program Director for Outreach at the Zuckerman Institute at Columbia University.

Brachman is also a playwright and screenwriter. She holds Bachelor's degrees in both neuroscience and creative wWriting, and she is currently working on a tech-focused writing project with her long-time writing partner, Sean Calder ("Grimm," "Damages," "ER"). She served as the director of NeuWrite, a national network of science-writing groups that fosters ongoing collaboration between scientists, writers and artists, and she has been featured as a storyteller at The Story Collider.

(Photo: Kenneth Willardt)

More profile about the speaker
Rebecca Brachman | Speaker | TED.com
TED2017

Rebecca Brachman: A new class of drug that could prevent depression and PTSD

Filmed:
2,091,035 views

Current treatments for depression and PTSD only suppress symptoms, if they work at all. What if we could prevent these diseases from developing altogether? Neuroscientist and TED Fellow Rebecca Brachman shares the story of her team's accidental discovery of a new class of drug that, for the first time ever, could prevent the negative effects of stress -- and boost a person's ability to recover and grow. Learn how these resilience-enhancing drugs could change the way we treat mental illness.
- Neuroscientist, writer, entrepreneur
Rebecca Brachman is a pioneer in the field of preventative psychopharmacology, developing drugs to enhance stress resilience and prevent mental illness. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
So the first antidepressants
were made from, of all things,
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rocket fuel, left over after World War II.
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Which is fitting, seeing as today,
one in five soldiers develop depression,
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or post-traumatic stress disorder or both.
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But it's not just soldiers
that are at high risk for these diseases.
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It's firefighters, ER doctors,
cancer patients, aid workers, refugees --
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anyone exposed to trauma
or major life stress.
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And yet, despite how commonplace
these disorders are,
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our current treatments,
if they work at all,
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only suppress symptoms.
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In 1798, when Edward Jenner
discovered the first vaccine --
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it happened to be for smallpox --
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he didn't just discover
a prophylactic for a disease,
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but a whole new way of thinking:
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that medicine could prevent disease.
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01:08
However, for over 200 years,
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this prevention was not believed
to extend to psychiatric diseases.
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Until 2014, when my colleague and I
accidentally discovered
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the first drugs that might prevent
depression and PTSD.
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We discovered the drugs in mice,
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and we're currently studying
whether they work in humans.
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And these preventative
psychopharmaceuticals
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are not antidepressants.
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They are a whole new class of drug.
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And they work by increasing
stress resilience,
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so let's call them resilience enhancers.
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So think back to a stressful time
that you've since recovered from.
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Maybe a breakup or an exam,
you missed a flight.
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Stress resilience
is the active biological process
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that allows us
to bounce back after stress.
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Similar to if you have a cold
and your immune system fights it off.
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And insufficient resilience
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in the face of a significant
enough stressor,
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can result in a psychiatric disorder,
such as depression.
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In fact, most cases
of major depressive disorder
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are initially triggered by stress.
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And from what we've seen so far in mice,
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resilience enhancers can protect
against purely biological stressors,
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like stress hormones,
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and social and psychological stressors,
like bullying and isolation.
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So here is an example where we gave mice
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three weeks of high levels
of stress hormones.
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So, in other words, a biological stressor
without a psychological component.
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And this causes depressive behavior.
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And if we give three weeks
of antidepressant treatment beforehand,
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it has no beneficial effects.
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But a single dose of a resilience
enhancer given a week before
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completely prevents
the depressive behavior.
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Even after three weeks of stress.
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This is the first time
a drug has ever been shown
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to prevent the negative effects of stress.
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Depression and PTSD are chronic,
often lifelong, clinical diseases.
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They also increase the risk
of substance abuse, homelessness,
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heart disease, Alzheimer's, suicide.
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The global cost of depression alone
is over three trillion dollars per year.
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But now, imagine a scenario
where we know someone is predictively
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at high risk for exposure
to extreme stress.
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Say, a red cross volunteer
going into an earthquake zone.
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In addition to the typhoid vaccine,
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we could give her a pill or an injection
of a resilience enhancer
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before she leaves.
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So when she is held at gunpoint
by looters or worse,
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she would at least be protected
against developing depression or PTSD
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after the fact.
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It won't prevent her
from experiencing the stress,
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but it will allow her to recover from it.
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And that's what's revolutionary here.
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By increasing resiliency,
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we can dramatically reduce
her susceptibility to depression and PTSD,
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possibly saving her from losing her job,
her home, her family or even her life.
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After Jenner discovered
the smallpox vaccine,
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a lot of other vaccines rapidly followed.
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But it was over 150 years
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before a tuberculosis vaccine
was widely available.
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Why?
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In part because society believed
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that tuberculosis made people more
sensitive and creative and empathetic.
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And that it was caused
by constitution and not biology.
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And similar things are still said
today about depression.
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And just as Jenner's discovery
opened the door
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for all of the vaccines
that followed after,
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the drugs we've discovered
open the possibility of a whole new field:
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preventative psychopharmacology.
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But whether that's 15 years away,
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or 150 years away,
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depends not just on the science,
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but on what we as a society
choose to do with it.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rebecca Brachman - Neuroscientist, writer, entrepreneur
Rebecca Brachman is a pioneer in the field of preventative psychopharmacology, developing drugs to enhance stress resilience and prevent mental illness.

Why you should listen

Current treatments for mood disorders only suppress symptoms without addressing the underlying disease, and there are no known cures. The drugs Rebecca Brachman is developing would be the first to prevent psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.

Brachman completed her PhD at Columbia University, prior to which she was a fellow at the National Institutes of Health, where she discovered that immune cells carry a memory of psychological stress and that white blood cells can act as antidepressants and resilience-enhancers. Brachman's research has been featured in The Atlantic, WIRED and Business Insider, and her work was recently described by Dr. George Slavich on NPR as a "moonshot project that is very much needed in the mental health arena."

In addition to conducting ongoing research at Columbia, Brachman is an NYCEDC Entrepreneurship Lab Fellow and cofounder of Paravax -- a biotech startup developing vaccine-like prophylactic drugs ("paravaccines") -- along with her scientific collaborator, Christine Ann Denny. She is also working on a non-profit venture to repurpose existing generic drugs for use as prophylactics, and previously served as the Interim Program Director for Outreach at the Zuckerman Institute at Columbia University.

Brachman is also a playwright and screenwriter. She holds Bachelor's degrees in both neuroscience and creative wWriting, and she is currently working on a tech-focused writing project with her long-time writing partner, Sean Calder ("Grimm," "Damages," "ER"). She served as the director of NeuWrite, a national network of science-writing groups that fosters ongoing collaboration between scientists, writers and artists, and she has been featured as a storyteller at The Story Collider.

(Photo: Kenneth Willardt)

More profile about the speaker
Rebecca Brachman | Speaker | TED.com