Lindsay Malloy: Why teens confess to crimes they didn't commit
ليندسي مالوي: لماذا يعترف المراهقون بجرائم لم يرتكبوها
Lindsay Malloy studies how kids function in a legal system that was designed for adults. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
لجرائم قتل لم يرتكبوها،
for murders that they didn't commit;
to committing when they were teenagers.
عندما كانوا مراهقين.
that helps us understand
مصمم للتعامل مع البالغين.
that was designed for adults.
with an IQ around 70,
ومعدل ذكائه 70 تقريبًا،
of intellectual disability.
of his four-hour interrogation.
الذي دام أربع ساعات.
هو الشيء الوحيد الذي سيساعدك هنا.
that's going to help you here.
أنك ستكون صادقًا معنا.
no matter what happens here.
because she thinks you know more, too.
لأنها تظن أنك تعلم المزيد أيضًا.
now tell us exactly. Don't lie.
فأخبرنا بالتفصيل ولا تكذب علينا.
that honesty would "set him free,"
أن الصدق "سيحرره،"
convinced of his guilt at that point.
end up setting him free.
a confession from Brendan
evidence of the crime
and sentence him to life in prison
وإرساله إلى السجن مدى الحياة
against Brendan at all.
for nearly a decade,
just a few months ago.
it made its way into a Netflix series,
لأنها عرضت في حلقات على نتفليكس،
you should definitely watch it.
intense public outrage.
how Brendan was questioned,
had to have been illegal.
أن استجوابه غير قانوني.
interrogation training manuals,
is actually not all that unique,
I've seen worse.
outcry about injustice
one million or so of his peers
أن ما يقرب من مليون من أقرانه
in the United States
interrogation techniques,
the risk for false confession.
الإعترافات الكاذبة.
to struggle with that term,
سيعترضون على هذا المصطلح،
confessions actually occur.
الاعترافات الكاذبة تحدث حقًا.
and even give gruesome details
like rape or murder
know precisely
confessions or admissions were present
of wrongful convictions
من الإدانات الخاطئة
by DNA evidence.
because we have the DNA.
لأننا نملك الحمض النووي.
confessed to it anyway.
from countless research studies,
of why people falsely confess,
vulnerable to providing false confessions.
لتقديم اعترافات كاذبة.
had falsely confessed,
at wrongful convictions and exonerations,
إلى الإدانات الخاطئة والتبرئات،
that are resolved by guilty pleas,
التي تُحل بالإقرار بالذنب مثلًا،
in our legal system,
هي المسار الطبيعي في نظامنا القضائي،
of legal cases in the US
من القضايا في الولايات المتحدة
to more minor types of crimes
بالجرائم الصغرى
or appealed following a conviction.
we actually do know about
أن الاعترافات الكاذبة التي نعلم بها
of false confession among teenagers.
للاعترافات الكاذبة بين المراهقين.
incarcerated 14-to-17-year-olds,
بين 14 و17 عامًا،
one false confession to police.
للشرطة على الأقل.
juveniles just like adults.
your fingerprints,
saying that this was all your idea."
in the UK, for example,
في المملكة المتحدة، على سبيل المثال،
like Brendan Dassey.
مثل بريندان داسي.
teens that we interviewed
المحتجزين الذين قابلناهم
high-pressure police interrogations
having been threatened by the police,
تعرضهم للتهديد من قبل الشرطة،
of being raped or killed in jail
أو الاغتصاب في الحجز
like denials are pointless
the role of "good cop/bad cop," right?
"الشرطي الجيد والشرطي السيئ"؟
and susceptible to social influence,
accusations and suggestions
figures in interrogations.
of the teens in our study said
من المراهقين في بحثنا قالوا
to "befriend" them
during the interrogation.
خلال الاستجواب.
as "minimization strategies,"
sympathy and understanding to the suspect,
will result in more lenient treatment.
سيؤدي إلى تساهل أكثر.
good-cop-bad-cop oversimplification
والشرطي السيئ الكلاسيكي
is the thing that's going to help you, OK?
الذي سيساعدك هنا يا بريندان، حسنًا؟
no matter what you did, OK?
مهما كان ما فعلته، حسنًا؟
we can work through that."
يمكننا التعامل مع ذلك."
just saw with Brendan
and risk differently than adults do.
والمخاطر بشكل مختلف عن البالغين.
to the suspect, right?
للمتهم، أليس كذلك؟
interrogation is over.
the best option to most teens,
كأفضل خيار لدى المراهقين،
risk of conviction and punishment
والعقاب على المدى الطويل
that thoughtful, long-term planning
على أن التخطيط المدروس طويل المدى
teenagers that we know.
من نعرفهم من المراهقين.
the legal system seems to get
should be treated differently than adults.
الأصغر سنًا بشكل يختلف عن البالغين.
it's like the kid gloves come off.
فيبدو أن رداء الطفولة يسقط.
they're adults in interrogations
and neuroscientific studies
do not think like adults,
from adult brains --
عن أدمغة البالغين ...
of the brain during adolescence,
and the limbic system,
for things like self-control,
عن أشياء مثل ضبط النفس،
in a stressful circumstance,
in a high-stakes interrogation.
specialized training
and adolescents --
protections in place for juveniles.
في وجود حماية خاصة لليافعين.
Dassey's conviction earlier this year,
لإلغاء إدانة داسي هذا العام،
that Dassey had no parent
عدم تواجد أحد والدي داسي
to his mom after he confessed,
يتحدث مع والدته بعد الاعتراف،
far too late for him.
is, like, different,
beautifully there:
بشكل جيد هنا:
would have been different for Brendan
in the interrogation room with him.
of incarcerated teens,
من المراهقين المسجونين،
encounters with police,
in the room with them
or attorney to be present.
in lower-stake situations, too.
experiment in our lab here at FIU --
في مختبرنا في جامعة فلوريدا الدولية
for all minors, of course,
of cheating on a study task --
بالغش في أحد الفروض ...
as cheating in a class.
had witnessed a peer cheat,
of our research team
for participating in the study
because of his academic probation status.
بسبب وضع الفحص الأكاديمي.
consequences would have panned out,
لم تكن أي من هذه العواقب لتقع،
all of the participants afterward.
59 percent of them --
for the cheating.
when we accused them of cheating,
عندما اتهمناهم بالغش،
in the next room during the study.
في الغرفة المجاورة أثناء البحث.
significantly more teens than adults,
من المراهقين، وبنسبة أكبر من البالغين
saying that they cheated.
saying that they had,
a parent in the situation.
waive their Miranda rights
يتنازلون عن حقوق ميراندا
without lawyers or parents present.
بدون حضور المحامين أو الآباء.
of juveniles must be conducted
تدار التحقيقات مع اليافعين
أو أخصائي اجتماعي.
youth have to ask for --
shows that they won't --
أنهم لا يفعلون ...
safeguard for juveniles here in the US
مع اليافع هنا في الولايات المتحدة
police questioning of youth.
استجواب الشرطة للمراهقين.
the knowledge and legal sophistication
إلى المعرفة القانونية
of the Central Park Five:
في قضية سنترال بارك فايف:
to a brutal gang rape in 1989,
بالاغتصاب الجماعي في عام 1989،
to clear their names.
really should be an attorney
pointed out that there's no federal law
إلى أنه لا يوجد قانون إتحادي
even inform a juvenile's parent
to have a parent in the room.
لحضور أحد والديه في الغرفة.
of this together for a second:
that juveniles cannot be trusted
to waive their Miranda rights,
most teens don't understand or appreciate.
أن أغلب المراهقين لا يقدرونها أو يفهمونها.
on the state that you live in,
على الولاية التي تعيش فيها،
these rights without your knowledge
عن هذه الحقوق بدون علمك،
me -- wants to prevent police
investigative work
appropriate training for talking to youth.
على التدريب المناسب للتعامل مع الصغار.
another Brendan Dassey,
لمنع تكرار مشكلة بريندان داسي،
information that we need
التي نحتاج إليها
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lindsay Malloy - Developmental psychology professor, researcherLindsay Malloy studies how kids function in a legal system that was designed for adults.
Why you should listen
Dr. Lindsay Malloy has devoted her career to improving justice for vulnerable youth, including working to develop more appropriate interrogation methods and investigative interviewing techniques for children and teens.
Malloy received her PhD in psychology and social behavior at the University of California, Irvine before conducting postdoctoral work at the University of Cambridge in England. After earning tenure at Florida International University in Miami, FL, she moved to Canada where she is now an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Social Science and Humanities at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology in Oshawa, ON. Malloy's research has been funded by the US National Science Foundation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the US Department of Health and Human Services. She has received early career awards from the American Psychology-Law Society (Division 41 of the American Psychological Association), the Society for Child and Family Policy and Practice (Division 37 of the American Psychological Association) and the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group, for her contributions to science, policy and practice.
Lindsay Malloy | Speaker | TED.com