Lindsay Malloy: Why teens confess to crimes they didn't commit
लिंडसे मल्लोय: किशोरावस्था उन अपराधों को कबूल करती है जो उन्होंने नहीं की थीं
Lindsay Malloy studies how kids function in a legal system that was designed for adults. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
for murders that they didn't commit;
बिताई उन कत्लों के लिए जो इन्होने नही की
to committing when they were teenagers.
किशोर अवस्था में कबूल किया था।
मनोविज्ञानिक हूँ
that helps us understand
है जो हमे यह समझने में मदद करे
प्रणाली में कैसे बच्चे कृत्य करते हैं।
that was designed for adults.
with an IQ around 70,
जिसकी IQ ७० के आसपास है
of intellectual disability.
दायरे में डालता है
of his four-hour interrogation.
उसकी ४ घंटे की पूछताच की
आपकी मदद करेगी
that's going to help you here.
साथ इमानदार होगे
no matter what happens here.
वह जानती है की तुम बहुत कुछ जानते हो
because she thinks you know more, too.
now tell us exactly. Don't lie.
सब बताओ, झूठ मत बोलो
की ईमानदारी उसे 'आज़ाद कर देगा'
that honesty would "set him free,"
convinced of his guilt at that point.
इकबालिया बयान लेना चाहते है,
end up setting him free.
आजाद बिलकुल नहीं करेगा।
a confession from Brendan
evidence of the crime
मेल नही खा रहा था
and sentence him to life in prison
करने के लिये और अजिवन कारावास के लिए
against Brendan at all.
for nearly a decade,
कारावास को भेज दिया
just a few months ago.
गलत साबित किया कुछ ही महीने पहले।
it made its way into a Netflix series,
की धारावाहिक बन चुकी है,
you should definitely watch it.
intense public outrage.
आक्रोश संघठित किया
how Brendan was questioned,
पूछ ताछ हुआ था
had to have been illegal.
उसका पूछताछ अवैध था
interrogation training manuals,
is actually not all that unique,
अलग नही थी,
I've seen worse.
outcry about injustice
जनता के घुस्से को
one million or so of his peers
१० लाख से ज्यादा उसीके उम्र के बच्चे
in the United States
interrogation techniques,
पूछताछ के शिकार होते हैं।
the risk for false confession.
to struggle with that term,
को लेकर बहुत चिंतित है
confessions actually occur.
बयान सचमुच पाए जाते हैं
and even give gruesome details
भी इतनी बारीकी से
like rape or murder
क़त्ल
know precisely
नही जान सकते
confessions or admissions were present
बयान या स्वीकारोक्ति मोजूद है
of wrongful convictions
by DNA evidence.
because we have the DNA.
क्यूंकि हमारे पास DNA है
confessed to it anyway.
असत्य इकबालिया बयान दी कैसेभी
from countless research studies,
उन्गिनत अनुसंधान से
of why people falsely confess,
झूटी गवाही देते है
vulnerable to providing false confessions.
युवाएं असत्य इकबालिया बयान देंगे
had falsely confessed,
स्वीकार किया
at wrongful convictions and exonerations,
पुनारास्थापन को देखेंगे
that are resolved by guilty pleas,
बिचार किया गया है
in our legal system,
हमारे कानूनी परनाले में
of legal cases in the US
US में
विचार किया जाता है
to more minor types of crimes
किया हुआ अपराध है
or appealed following a conviction.
प्राथना की जाती है दोषसिद्धिके बाद
we actually do know about
जानते है
of false confession among teenagers.
गवही देनेवाले किशोर मिले
incarcerated 14-to-17-year-olds,
one false confession to police.
बयान पुलिस को दी है
juveniles just like adults.
your fingerprints,
अंगुली की छापा है"
saying that this was all your idea."
तुमने सबकुछ किया है
in the UK, for example,
like Brendan Dassey.
जैसे की ब्रेंडन दस्से
जितने भी किशोरों से हम मिले
teens that we interviewed
high-pressure police interrogations
पूछताछः की बात बोली
द्वारा दी गई धमकियों के बारे में बताया
having been threatened by the police,
of being raped or killed in jail
कर देने की बात भी शामिल है
ताकि अधिकतम
like denials are pointless
करर्ने से कुछ नही होगा
भूमिका निभानेवालों के बारे में सुनाहोगा
the role of "good cop/bad cop," right?
and susceptible to social influence,
होतें है समाजकी प्रभाब से
accusations and suggestions
figures in interrogations.
पुछताछके समय
सूत्रों के अनुसार यह कहा
of the teens in our study said
to "befriend" them
की कोशिश भी की थी
during the interrogation.
पुछताछ के समय
as "minimization strategies,"
sympathy and understanding to the suspect,
करने केलिए बनाये गयें है
will result in more lenient treatment.
करनेके बाद अछि बरताब होगा उनके साथ
good-cop-bad-cop oversimplification
के अति सरलीकरण
is the thing that's going to help you, OK?
तुम्हारा मदद करेगा, ठीक है ?
कर सकते
no matter what you did, OK?
तुमने किया होगा ठीक है ?
we can work through that."
कर देंगे"
just saw with Brendan
ब्र्न्दन के साथ
and risk differently than adults do.
से अलग तरीके से मूलियांकन करते है
to the suspect, right?
इनाम मिलता है , सही?
interrogation is over.
the best option to most teens,
सबसे अच्छा तरीका लगता होगा
risk of conviction and punishment
सजा के खतरे से कम वाकिफ है
लम्बी चलने वाली योजनापर सहमत है
that thoughtful, long-term planning
teenagers that we know.
जैसा की हम जानतें है
the legal system seems to get
should be treated differently than adults.
अलग तरीके से व्यवहार करना चाहिए।
it's like the kid gloves come off.
वोह बच्चो वाला नजरिया बदल जाता है
they're adults in interrogations
साथ बड़ों जैसे बरताव करना
and neuroscientific studies
वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन
do not think like adults,
के जैसे नही सोचता
from adult brains --
of the brain during adolescence,
में किशोर के दिमाग में
and the limbic system,
लिम्पिक प्रणाली में
for things like self-control,
अपने आप पर काबू रखने के लिए
in a stressful circumstance,
किये गए कार्य पर प्रभाव डालते है
ज्यूरी सदस्यों को
in a high-stakes interrogation.
अनुसन्धान में
specialized training
प्रशिक्षणका अनुरोध किया है
and adolescents --
protections in place for juveniles.
पर भी बिचार करनी चाहिए
Dassey's conviction earlier this year,
के पास कोई माबाप
that Dassey had no parent
to his mom after he confessed,
माँ से बात कर रह है स्वीकार करने के बाद
far too late for him.
is, like, different,
घुस गए
beautifully there:
तरह से बोल रहा है
would have been different for Brendan
परिणाम अलग होता
in the interrogation room with him.
कमरे में होए तो
of incarcerated teens,
रखे किशोरों से
encounters with police,
बार सामना किये थे
in the room with them
उनके साथ कमरे में थे
पूछताछ की गई
or attorney to be present.
मौजूदगी की मांग कियाथा
in lower-stake situations, too.
देखते हों
experiment in our lab here at FIU --
किया था हमारी FIU के प्रयोगशाला में
for all minors, of course,
of cheating on a study task --
की वे परिक्य में बैमानी कररहे थे
as cheating in a class.
करने जैसा गंभीर अपराधहै
की बेईमानी देखि थि
had witnessed a peer cheat,
of our research team
for participating in the study
इसमें भाग लेकर
because of his academic probation status.
सौधिक परख के बिनाप पर
consequences would have panned out,
नही आता
all of the participants afterward.
बताया था
59 percent of them --
for the cheating.
कहाजब हमने उन्हें धोखाधड़ीका आरोप लगाया
when we accused them of cheating,
in the next room during the study.
बैठें थे उस वक़्त
significantly more teens than adults,
बिसेस करके किशोर वयस्कों से ज्यादा
saying that they cheated.
की उन्होंने बेईमानी की है
उन्होंने ऐसा किया है
saying that they had,
a parent in the situation.
करके
waive their Miranda rights
जाने दिया
without lawyers or parents present.
या वकीलों के मोजुदगी में
of juveniles must be conducted
चाहिये
youth have to ask for --
कहता है की वे ऐसा करेंगे नही
shows that they won't --
safeguard for juveniles here in the US
बचाव के लिए यह US में रखना
police questioning of youth.
पूछने की तरीकों से
the knowledge and legal sophistication
मिलावट की कमी है
of the Central Park Five:
देखिए
to a brutal gang rape in 1989,
बलात्कार करने को स्वीकार किया
to clear their names.
करनेकेलिए
really should be an attorney
होनी चाहिए
pointed out that there's no federal law
न्यायाधीश ने कहा की कोई संघीय कानून नही है
even inform a juvenile's parent
माबाप कों यह खबर दे
to have a parent in the room.
माबाप उस कमरे में रहे
of this together for a second:
एक पल के लिए
that juveniles cannot be trusted
एक किशोर पर भरोशा नही किया जासकता
to waive their Miranda rights,
फैसला ले सकते है
most teens don't understand or appreciate.
ज्यादातर किशोर समझते या सराहना नही करते
on the state that you live in,
रहते हैं उसके आधार पर
these rights without your knowledge
आपके जानकारी के बिना
me -- wants to prevent police
investigative work
appropriate training for talking to youth.
युवाओं से बात करने की प्रशिक्षण मिली हो
सकतेहै
another Brendan Dassey,
एक और Brendan Dassey को रोकने में
information that we need
निकलने के साथ साथ
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lindsay Malloy - Developmental psychology professor, researcherLindsay Malloy studies how kids function in a legal system that was designed for adults.
Why you should listen
Dr. Lindsay Malloy has devoted her career to improving justice for vulnerable youth, including working to develop more appropriate interrogation methods and investigative interviewing techniques for children and teens.
Malloy received her PhD in psychology and social behavior at the University of California, Irvine before conducting postdoctoral work at the University of Cambridge in England. After earning tenure at Florida International University in Miami, FL, she moved to Canada where she is now an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Social Science and Humanities at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology in Oshawa, ON. Malloy's research has been funded by the US National Science Foundation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the US Department of Health and Human Services. She has received early career awards from the American Psychology-Law Society (Division 41 of the American Psychological Association), the Society for Child and Family Policy and Practice (Division 37 of the American Psychological Association) and the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group, for her contributions to science, policy and practice.
Lindsay Malloy | Speaker | TED.com