Lindsay Malloy: Why teens confess to crimes they didn't commit
Lindsay Malloy: ¿Por qué los adolescentes confiesan crímenes que no han cometido?
Lindsay Malloy studies how kids function in a legal system that was designed for adults. Full bio
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for murders that they didn't commit;
por asesinatos que no cometieron,
to committing when they were teenagers.
en falso cuando eran adolescentes.
that helps us understand
científicos que nos ayuden a comprender
legal diseñado para adultos.
that was designed for adults.
with an IQ around 70,
con un coeficiente intelectual de 70,
of intellectual disability.
de la discapacidad intelectual.
of his four-hour interrogation.
de su interrogatorio de 4 horas.
que te va a ayudar aquí.
that's going to help you here.
sincero con nosotros.
no matter what happens here.
pase lo que pase aquí.
because she thinks you know more, too.
también piensa que sabes algo más.
now tell us exactly. Don't lie.
así que cuéntalo con detalle. No mientas.
that honesty would "set him free,"
que la honestidad "le liberaría",
convinced of his guilt at that point.
convencidos de su culpabilidad.
end up setting him free.
en absoluto a liberarle.
una confesión de Brendan
a confession from Brendan
evidence of the crime
físicas del crimen
ampliamente como falsa.
and sentence him to life in prison
a Brendan a cadena perpetua
against Brendan at all.
contra Brendan.
for nearly a decade,
durante una década
just a few months ago.
hace apenas unos meses.
it made its way into a Netflix series,
salió en una serie de Netflix
you should definitely watch it.
intense public outrage.
indignación pública.
how Brendan was questioned,
había sido interrogado Brendan
had to have been illegal.
su interrogatorio había sido ilegal.
policiales para interrogatorios,
interrogation training manuals,
is actually not all that unique,
no es tan extraordinario
I've seen worse.
outcry about injustice
sobre la injusticia cometida
one million or so of his peers
de un millón de sus pares
in the United States
interrogation techniques,
técnicas de interrogación,
the risk for false confession.
el riesgo de una confesión falsa.
to struggle with that term,
se mostrarán reticentes al término
confessions actually occur.
falsas ocurren en realidad.
and even give gruesome details
daría detalles truculentos
like rape or murder
como la violación o el asesinato
know precisely
las confesiones falsas.
confessions or admissions were present
o admisiones falsas se dieron
of wrongful convictions
by DNA evidence.
gracias a las pruebas de ADN.
because we have the DNA.
confessed to it anyway.
from countless research studies,
a innumerables estudios
de por qué la gente confiesa en falso
of why people falsely confess,
vulnerable to providing false confessions.
propensa a ofrecer confesiones falsas.
había confesado en falso,
had falsely confessed,
era el 42 %.
at wrongful convictions and exonerations,
las condenas erróneas y exoneraciones,
de parte de la historia.
that are resolved by guilty pleas,
resueltos por reconocimiento de culpa
in our legal system,
son lo normal en el sistema legal,
of legal cases in the US
de las causas judiciales en EE.UU.
de culpa, no juicios.
to more minor types of crimes
sobre delitos menores
or appealed following a conviction.
o recurrirse después de la sentencia.
we actually do know about
falsas que conocemos son solo
of false confession among teenagers.
de confesiones falsas en adolescentes.
incarcerated 14-to-17-year-olds,
de entre 14 y 17 años
one false confession to police.
a la policía al menos una vez.
juveniles just like adults.
a los jóvenes como si fueran adultos.
your fingerprints,
como "tenemos tus huellas,
saying that this was all your idea."
dice que fue idea tuya".
in the UK, for example,
está prohibido en Reino Unido
like Brendan Dassey.
intelectual como Brendan Dassey.
teens that we interviewed
de adolescentes presos entrevistados
high-pressure police interrogations
interrogados bajo mucha presión
having been threatened by the police,
amenazas de la policía,
of being raped or killed in jail
violados o asesinados en prisión
tienen como objetivo
like denials are pointless
que la negativas son inútiles
the role of "good cop/bad cop," right?
el papel de poli bueno/malo, ¿no?
and susceptible to social influence,
y susceptibles a la influencia social
accusations and suggestions
realizadas bajo presión
figures in interrogations.
en un interrogatorio.
of the teens in our study said
del estudio afirmaron
to "befriend" them
ser "amigable"
during the interrogation.
durante el interrogatorio.
as "minimization strategies,"
"estrategias de minimización"
sympathy and understanding to the suspect,
y comprensión al individuo
will result in more lenient treatment.
supondrá un trato más benévolo.
good-cop-bad-cop oversimplification
del poli bueno, poli malo
is the thing that's going to help you, OK?
es lo que te va a ayudar aquí, ¿entiendes?
no matter what you did, OK?
lo que hiciste, ¿de acuerdo?
we can work through that."
podemos arreglarlo".
just saw with Brendan
como estas con Brendan
en los adolescentes
and risk differently than adults do.
de manera distinta a los adultos.
inmediata para el sospechoso, ¿cierto?
to the suspect, right?
interrogation is over.
interrogatorio habrá terminado.
para la mayoría de adolescentes
the best option to most teens,
risk of conviction and punishment
de condena y castigo a largo plazo
that thoughtful, long-term planning
en que planear a largo plazo
teenagers that we know.
mayoría de los adolescentes.
the legal system seems to get
should be treated differently than adults.
no deberían tratarse como adultos.
it's like the kid gloves come off.
sospechosos, se acaba el trato especial.
they're adults in interrogations
a adultos en un interrogatorio
and neuroscientific studies
y neurocientíficos
no razonan como los adultos,
do not think like adults,
from adult brains --
es diferente al de un adulto,
of the brain during adolescence,
durante la adolescencia,
and the limbic system,
y el sistema límbico,
for things like self-control,
para el autocontrol,
in a stressful circumstance,
en circunstancias estresantes
a las fuerzas de seguridad,
en adolescentes
in a high-stakes interrogation.
un interrogatorio con mucho que perder.
a agentes de policía
specialized training
formación especializada
and adolescents --
y adolescentes ya que
protections in place for juveniles.
protecciones especiales para jóvenes.
Dassey's conviction earlier this year,
la condena de Dassey el año pasado,
that Dassey had no parent
de que Dassey no tuvo a sus padres
to his mom after he confessed,
con su madre tras su confesión,
far too late for him.
is, like, different,
es como, diferente,
beautifully there:
would have been different for Brendan
habría sido diferente para Brendan
in the interrogation room with him.
con él en el interrogatorio.
of incarcerated teens,
de los adolescentes presos,
encounters with police,
encuentros con la policía,
in the room with them
o abogado con ellos en la sala
or attorney to be present.
o abogado estuviese con ellos.
situaciones de menos riesgo.
in lower-stake situations, too.
experiment in our lab here at FIU --
en el laboratorio de la FIU
for all minors, of course,
de los menores
of cheating on a study task --
y a adultos de haber copiado una tarea,
as cheating in a class.
como copiar en clase.
had witnessed a peer cheat,
visto copiar a un compañero,
of our research team
estaba en periodo de prueba.
for participating in the study
por participar en el estudio
because of his academic probation status.
ya que estaba en periodo de prueba.
consequences would have panned out,
no se iban a producir en realidad
all of the participants afterward.
a todos los participantes.
59 percent of them --
el 59 %,
for the cheating.
de haber copiado.
when we accused them of cheating,
cuando se les acusó de copiar,
in the next room during the study.
en la sala contigua durante el estudio.
no es lo mismo que matar,
significantly more teens than adults,
adolescentes, bastantes más que adultos,
saying that they cheated.
manifestando haber copiado.
saying that they had,
afirmando lo contrario
a parent in the situation.
a sus progenitores.
la misma historia.
renuncian a sus derechos Miranda
waive their Miranda rights
without lawyers or parents present.
sin progenitores ni abogados presentes.
of juveniles must be conducted
de jóvenes se deben realizar
o trabajador social.
youth have to ask for --
tengan que solicitar,
shows that they won't --
los estudios, no lo hacen,
safeguard for juveniles here in the US
a los jóvenes en EE.UU.
police questioning of youth.
los interrogatorios policiales.
the knowledge and legal sophistication
de conocimientos y sofisticación legal
of the Central Park Five:
de los Cinco de Central Park:
to a brutal gang rape in 1989,
una brutal violación en grupo en 1989
to clear their names.
costó más de una década.
really should be an attorney
ser en realidad un abogado
pointed out that there's no federal law
el juez señaló que no hay leyes federales
even inform a juvenile's parent
ni a informar a los progenitores
to have a parent in the room.
de que un progenitor esté presente.
of this together for a second:
that juveniles cannot be trusted
no se puede permitir a los jóvenes
to waive their Miranda rights,
a sus derechos Miranda,
most teens don't understand or appreciate.
adolescentes no los entienden ni aprecian.
on the state that you live in,
del estado donde residan,
these rights without your knowledge
a esos derechos sin su conocimiento
antes con un adulto.
me -- wants to prevent police
investigative work
trabajo de investigación
appropriate training for talking to youth.
la formación para tratar con adolescentes.
another Brendan Dassey,
para evitar otro Brendan Dassey
information that we need
la información crucial necesaria
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lindsay Malloy - Developmental psychology professor, researcherLindsay Malloy studies how kids function in a legal system that was designed for adults.
Why you should listen
Dr. Lindsay Malloy has devoted her career to improving justice for vulnerable youth, including working to develop more appropriate interrogation methods and investigative interviewing techniques for children and teens.
Malloy received her PhD in psychology and social behavior at the University of California, Irvine before conducting postdoctoral work at the University of Cambridge in England. After earning tenure at Florida International University in Miami, FL, she moved to Canada where she is now an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Social Science and Humanities at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology in Oshawa, ON. Malloy's research has been funded by the US National Science Foundation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the US Department of Health and Human Services. She has received early career awards from the American Psychology-Law Society (Division 41 of the American Psychological Association), the Society for Child and Family Policy and Practice (Division 37 of the American Psychological Association) and the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group, for her contributions to science, policy and practice.
Lindsay Malloy | Speaker | TED.com