Tasso Azevedo: Hopeful lessons from the battle to save rainforests
Tasso Azevedo has helped reduce the rate of deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest by 75 percent — and inspired similar efforts around the world. Full bio
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in Latin America about 500 years ago,
الى امريكا اللاتينية قبل 500 عام,
this amazing tropical forest.
that they had never seen before,
الذي لم يروه من قبل,
their attention very quickly.
ستجد مادة صمغية حمراء داكنة جداً,
you find a very dark red resin
and dye fabric to make clothes.
يسمون هذا النوع " باو برازيل "
this species pau brasil,
لاحقاً, البرازيل .
"land of Brasil," and later on, Brazil.
that has the name of a tree.
الذي يحمل اسم شجرة.
to be a forester in Brazil,
ان تكون مسؤول عن غابة في البرازيل,
for climate regulation.
of the evaporation that makes rain
يؤدي لنزول المطر
20 billion tons of water every day.
20 مليار طن من الماء كل يوم.
which is the largest river in the world,
الذي هو اكبر نهر في العالم.
which is 17 billion tons.
في البحر .
the same effect as evapotranspiration,
من الماء المبخر,
من اجمالي استطاعة توليد الطاقة للعالم كله.
power generation capacity of the world.
about four billion hectares of forests.
من الغابات في العالم.
Canada and Brazil all together,
والولايات المتحدة وكندا والبرازيل معاً,
is in the temperate zone,
hectares, holds most of the biodiversity,
يضم معظم التنوع البيولوجي,
of the living biomass, the carbon.
من الكتلة الحيوية الحية, الكربون.
six billion hectares of forest --
what we have -- 2,000 years ago.
في الالفين سنة الماضية.
in the last 2,000 years.
we lost half of that.
from deforestation of temperate forests
من قطع اشجار الغابات المعتدلة
of forest in the tropics
الواقعة في المناطق المدارية
in temperate forests.
في غابات المنطقة المعتدلة.
that we are having.
piece of this puzzle.
تلعب دوراّ مهما في هذه المعادلة.
forest in the world, just after Russia.
the world's forests are in Brazil,
موجودة في البرازيل,
انها ضخمة, منطقة كبيرة جداّ.
It's a very big, large area.
many of the European countries there.
وضع عدد من الدول الاوروبية هناك.
of the forest cover.
من الغطاء الحرجي.
pump that we have in the Amazon
التي نمتلكها في الامازون
fast and accelerating
and the beginning of the 2000s.
square kilometers in one year.
of Costa Rica every year.
in the government.
in the National Forest Department,
and find out the causes of deforestation,
لمهمته معرفة اسباب ازالة الغابات,
at a national level,
the civil society,
tackle those causes.
with 144 actions in different areas.
التي تتضمن 144 عمل في مناطق مختلفة.
all of them one by one --
of what we had done in the next few years.
علينا القيام به في السنوات القليلة القادمة
with the national space agency
مع وكالة الفضاء الوطنية
ازالة الغابات .
where deforestation is happening,
we have this system, DETER,
or every two months,
where deforestation is happening
when it's happening.
is fully transparent
in independent systems.
عبر انظمة مستقلة.
من جذوع الاشجار المأخوذة بشكل غير شرعي.
of logs that were illegally taken.
and all the revenue becomes a fund
واستخدام عائداته للتمويل
of local communities as an endowment fund.
من خلال انشاء صندوق هبات لها.
to make a big operation
including a lot of public servants.
بالاضافة لموظفين في القطاع العام.
that areas that have been doing
التي يتم القيام فيها
any kind of credit or finance.
بعدم اعطائها اي من الائتمان او التمويل.
and then linked this to the end users.
ومن ثم ربطناه مع المستخدم النهائي.
the slaughterhouses, and so on
from illegal clear-cut areas,
مقطوعة الاشجار بطريقة غير قانونية,
for the deforestation.
عن ازالة الغابات بطريقة غير قانونية.
to push the problem down.
لمحاولة تقليص حجم المشكلة.
on land tenure issues.
على مشاكل حيازة الارض.
of protected areas were created,
were indigenous lands.
in Brazil 75 percent.
في البرازيل بنسبة 75 بالمئة.
with the average deforestation
which is the size of Austria.
ما يشابه مساحة النمسا.
it avoided the emission
في الغلا ف لجو.
of CO2 in the atmosphere.
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
غازات الاحتباس الحراري الى مدى بعيد,
these kinds of actions
بمثل هذه الاعمال
economic activity or something like that.
او شيء من هذا القبيل.
that it's quite the opposite.
the deepest decline of deforestation,
لاعمال ازالة الغابات,
double from the previous decade,
ضعف ماكان عليه في العقد المنصرم,
deforestation come down.
and it's quite an achievement,
وهي انجازات على نحو تام,
very proud about that.
the deforestation in the Amazon in 2013,
اعمال ازالة الغابات في الامازون في الـ2013
هذا للسنة الماضية فقط.
last year, just last year.
التي تمت في مناطق حيوية اخرى في البرازيل,
in the other biomes in Brazil,
deforestation rate in the world.
لازالة الغابات في العالم.
we are forest heroes,
not even close to satisfied.
ولا حتى قريبين منه.
من خسارة غطاء الغابات في البرازيل
of forest cover in Brazil
in the relationship
الاحتباس الحراري القادم من ازالة الغابات,
gas emissions come from deforestation,
a big part of the solution
جزء كبير من الحل ايضا
to sink, capture and store carbon.
وحفظ وتخزين غاز الكربون.
of climate and forests
and made me change my career
وجعلني اغير مسيرتي المهنية
with climate change.
in British Columbia,
the forest services of other countries
من بلاد اخرى
like Canada, Russia, India, China, U.S.
مثل كند اوروسيا والهند والصين وامريكا.
we learned about this pine beetle
the forests in Canada.
these are really dead trees.
هي فعليا اشجار ميتة.
because of the larvae of the beetle.
يرقات الخنفساء.
the cold weather in the winter.
the sufficient cold weather
على البرودة المناسبة
the population of this beetle.
that is really killing billions of trees.
يوم بقتل مليارات الاشجار.
that the forest is actually
victims of climate change.
with all my colleagues
في هذا المجال
later on for climate change
بسبب تغيرات المناخ
او الحرائق واشياء مماثلة.
on climate change,
the challenge, and go from there.
ولفهم هذا التحدي, والبدء منها.
is pretty straightforward.
of the average temperature
to this limit of two degrees,
والذي هو درجتين,
Panel on Climate Change,
المعنية بتغير المناخ,
of 1,000 billion tons of CO2
الف مليار طن من غاز ثاني اوكسيد الكربون
by the number of years,
من غاز ثاني اوكسيد الكربون سنويا.
of 11 billion tons of CO2 per year.
من غاز ثاني اوكسيد الكربون؟
running 20 kilometers a day,
or to London, one way.
اول الى لندن ذهاب فقط.
are 50 billion tons, and it's growing.
وهو في تزايد.
it will be 61 by 2020.
ان يصبح 61 مليار طن في عام 2020.
في عام 2050.
بمقدار 7 مليارات ليصبح 9 مليارات,
from seven to nine billion people,
from 60 trillion dollars in 2010
عام 2010
is to be much more efficient
from seven tons of carbon per capita
من الكربون للفرد
into something like one.
You take the airplane or you have a car.
لتأخذ طائرة او لتحصل على سيارة.
a plan to combat deforestation.
خطة لمحاربة ازالة الغابات.
Can we really do it?
هل سنتمكن من حلها؟
of the greenhouse gas emissions
من انبعاث غازات الاحتباس الحراري.
less than 30 percent.
مشكلة ازالة الغابات,
tackle deforestation,
that I think we should do.
يتوجب علينا فعلها.
from carbon emissions.
انبعاثات غاز ثاني اوكسيد الكربون.
to actually get more jobs
للحصول على وظائف اضافية
when we decreased deforestation
من عمليات ازالة الغابات
in the energy sector.
the incentives to the right place.
في مكانها المناسب.
تذهب لدعم الوقود الحجري.
goes into subsidies for fossil fuels.
and transfer this to the renewable energy?
لتحويله الى طاقة متجددة ؟
and make it transparent
غازات الاحتباس الحراري
is emitting greenhouse gases
for each one of those opportunities.
لكل من هذه الخيارات.
the routes of development,
to go to the landline telephone
لوقود الحجري
to go to fossil fuels
للوصول الى الطاقة
who don't have access to energy
between governments,
and we need to have everybody on board.
ونحتاج للحصول على مساعدة الجميع.
as business as usual goes.
to actually change the route,
لتغيير مجرى الامور,
change the route.
with deforestation in Brazil,
ازالة الغابات في البرازيل,
with climate change in the world.
بالنسبة للتغير المناخ في العالم.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tasso Azevedo - Forester and sustainability activistTasso Azevedo has helped reduce the rate of deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest by 75 percent — and inspired similar efforts around the world.
Why you should listen
Tasso Azevedo founded the Brazilian non-governmental organization Imaflora in 1995 to create alternatives to deforestation. It became the leading environmental certification institution in Brazil. In 2003 he was appointed as the first director general of Brazil's National Forest Service.
In that job, by showing how the health of the Amazon rainforest is directly connected to his country’s economic stability and energy security, he led the implementation of an innovative framework of incentives for sustainable forestry that contributed to reduce the ate of deforestation in the Amazon by 75 percent -- and Brazil's greenhouse gas emissions by one-third. Today, Azevedo is focused on addressing climate change globally.
Tasso Azevedo | Speaker | TED.com