Tasso Azevedo: Hopeful lessons from the battle to save rainforests
تاسو آزودو: درسهایی امیدوار کننده از مبارزه برای نجات جنگلهای استوایی
Tasso Azevedo has helped reduce the rate of deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest by 75 percent — and inspired similar efforts around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
پرتغالی ها به آمریکای لاتین رسیدند،
in Latin America about 500 years ago,
this amazing tropical forest.
that they had never seen before,
که هرگزندیده بودند
their attention very quickly.
you find a very dark red resin
یک صمغ بسیار قرمزخواهید یافت
and dye fabric to make clothes.
و درست کردن لباس بسیار مناسب است
this species pau brasil,
"land of Brasil," and later on, Brazil.
و بعدها برزیل نامیده شد.
that has the name of a tree.
که به اسم یک درخت است.
to be a forester in Brazil,
باید کار جالبی باشه.
for climate regulation.
of the evaporation that makes rain
که باران را می سازد
20 billion tons of water every day.
۲۰ میلیارد تن آب به اتمسفر می فرستد.
which is the largest river in the world,
این بزرگ ترین رودخانه جهان ،
which is 17 billion tons.
the same effect as evapotranspiration,
چنین تبخیری داشته باشیم٬
power generation capacity of the world.
در جهان نیاز خواهیم داشت.
about four billion hectares of forests.
Canada and Brazil all together,
٬ ایالات متحده٬ کانادا و برزیل است٬
is in the temperate zone,
hectares, holds most of the biodiversity,
of the living biomass, the carbon.
یعنی کربن در این بخش است.
six billion hectares of forest --
شش میلیارد هکتارجنگل داشتیم --
what we have -- 2,000 years ago.
in the last 2,000 years.
حدود دومیلیارد هکتار از دست دادیم
we lost half of that.
در ۱۰۰ سال گذشته از دست داده ایم.
from deforestation of temperate forests
از جنگل زدایی مناطق معتدله
of forest in the tropics
in temperate forests.
that we are having.
piece of this puzzle.
forest in the world, just after Russia.
دومین جنگل بزرگ جهان را داریم.
the world's forests are in Brazil,
در برزیل هستند
It's a very big, large area.
many of the European countries there.
در آن جا می شوند.
of the forest cover.
در سی سال اخیر از دست داده ایم
pump that we have in the Amazon
که آب و هوای ما را تنظیم می کند را
fast and accelerating
and the beginning of the 2000s.
رشد کرد.
square kilometers in one year.
of Costa Rica every year.
در هرسال است.
حدود سالهای ۲۰۰۳ و۲۰۰۴
in the government.
in the National Forest Department,
and find out the causes of deforestation,
دلایل جنگل زدایی را بیابیم
at a national level,
در سطح ملی تهیه کنیم
the civil society,
tackle those causes.
with 144 actions in different areas.
در نواحی مختلف آماده کردیم.
all of them one by one --
همه آنها را بررسی کنم--
of what we had done in the next few years.
انجام دادیم را میگم.
with the national space agency
سیستمی رو طراحی کردیم
where deforestation is happening,
برای جنگل زدایی رو
we have this system, DETER,
or every two months,
where deforestation is happening
در آنها رخ می دهد را می گیریم
when it's happening.
is fully transparent
in independent systems.
آنرا شبیه سازی کنند.
of logs that were illegally taken.
از تصرفات غیرقانونی را تشخیص بدیم.
and all the revenue becomes a fund
در قالب صندوقی در آمد
of local communities as an endowment fund.
در جوامع محلی را تامین میکند.
to make a big operation
و فساد انجام دادیم،
including a lot of public servants.
من جمله تعداد زیادی از کارمندان دولتی است
that areas that have been doing
از هر گونه اعتبار مالی
any kind of credit or finance.
and then linked this to the end users.
و اتصال آن به بخش نهایی صورت گرفت
the slaughterhouses, and so on
from illegal clear-cut areas,
تهیه می کنند
for the deforestation.
to push the problem down.
on land tenure issues.
کار زیادی انجام دادیم.
of protected areas were created,
were indigenous lands.
متعلق به بومیان بود
in Brazil 75 percent.
هفتاد و پنج درصد کاهش یافته است.
with the average deforestation
which is the size of Austria.
برابر وسعت اتریش
it avoided the emission
of CO2 in the atmosphere.
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
برای مقابله با گازهای گلخانه ای بوده.
these kinds of actions
وقتی اینگونه کارها را
economic activity or something like that.
واقعیت تقریبا برعکس است.
that it's quite the opposite.
جنگلزدایی کاهش شدیدی داشته
the deepest decline of deforestation,
double from the previous decade,
deforestation come down.
این را یاد گرفته باشیم.
and it's quite an achievement,
و درواقع یک دستاورد است٬
very proud about that.
درسال ۲۰۱۳در نظر بگیرید
the deforestation in the Amazon in 2013,
مساحتی به بزرگی دو زمین فوتبال
last year, just last year.
فقط در یک سال.
in the other biomes in Brazil,
درسایر نواحی برزیل جمع بزنیم
deforestation rate in the world.
ما حامیان جنگل
we are forest heroes,
not even close to satisfied.
نزدیک هم نشدیم.
of forest cover in Brazil
به مقدار صفر
in the relationship
از جنگل زدایی ایجاد میشه.
gas emissions come from deforestation,
بخش بزرگی از راه حل باشد
a big part of the solution
to sink, capture and store carbon.
گرفتن و ذخیره کردن کربن است.
بین تغییرات آب و هوایی و جنگل ها
of climate and forests
and made me change my career
که مجبور شدم کارم را
تغییرات آب و هوایی تغییر دهم.
with climate change.
in British Columbia,
سایر کشورها به کانادا رفتم
the forest services of other countries
like Canada, Russia, India, China, U.S.
کانادا٬روسیه٬هند٬چین و امریکا
متوجه این سوسک کاج شدیم
we learned about this pine beetle
the forests in Canada.
درختهای قهوه ای درواقع درختهای مرده هستند
these are really dead trees.
ولی مرده اند.
because of the larvae of the beetle.
the cold weather in the winter.
the sufficient cold weather
the population of this beetle.
در حال از بین بردن میلیاردها درخت است.
that is really killing billions of trees.
that the forest is actually
تغییرات آب وهوایی است
victims of climate change.
with all my colleagues
در برابر این سوسکها شکست می خوریم.
later on for climate change
on climate change,
the challenge, and go from there.
و مسیری که باید پیموده شود بیابیم.
is pretty straightforward.
of the average temperature
میانگین درجه حرارت زمین را
to this limit of two degrees,
Panel on Climate Change,
of 1,000 billion tons of CO2
۱۰۰۰ میلیارد تن دی اکسید کربن
by the number of years,
برای هرسال خواهیم داشت.
of 11 billion tons of CO2 per year.
running 20 kilometers a day,
در مسافت 20 کیلومتر در روز
or to London, one way.
دوبرابراین مقدار خواهد بود.
are 50 billion tons, and it's growing.
و مدام افزایش می یابد.
it will be 61 by 2020.
تا سال ۲۰۵۰ برسد.
۱۰ میلیارد تن باشد.
from seven to nine billion people,
افزایش خواهد یافت.
در سال ۲۰۱۰
from 60 trillion dollars in 2010
is to be much more efficient
from seven tons of carbon per capita
درهرسال برای هرشخص
into something like one.
با خودرو می روید یا با هواپیما؟
You take the airplane or you have a car.
a plan to combat deforestation.
برای مبارزه با جنگلزدایی کردم
Can we really do it?
سوال خطیری است. آیا شدنی است
of the greenhouse gas emissions
گازهای گلخانه ای
less than 30 percent.
tackle deforestation,
جنگلزدایی را کنترل کنیم.
that I think we should do.
from carbon emissions.
انتشار کربن را بگیریم
to actually get more jobs
when we decreased deforestation
in the energy sector.
the incentives to the right place.
به راه درست هدایت کنیم.
goes into subsidies for fossil fuels.
یارانه سوخت فسیلی میشود.
در آمدش را صرف انرژی تجدید پذیر نکینم؟
and transfer this to the renewable energy?
and make it transparent
is emitting greenhouse gases
بیشتر گاز گلخانه ای منتشر می کند؟
جداگانه عمل کنیم
for each one of those opportunities.
the routes of development,
to go to the landline telephone
to go to fossil fuels
who don't have access to energy
between governments,
and we need to have everybody on board.
و ما به همه احتیاج داریم.
as business as usual goes.
ما هم باید حرکت کنیم
to actually change the route,
که می توانیم تغییر ایحاد کنیم.
change the route.
with deforestation in Brazil,
در برزیل انجام می دهیم
with climate change in the world.
در دنیا انجام بدهیم.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tasso Azevedo - Forester and sustainability activistTasso Azevedo has helped reduce the rate of deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest by 75 percent — and inspired similar efforts around the world.
Why you should listen
Tasso Azevedo founded the Brazilian non-governmental organization Imaflora in 1995 to create alternatives to deforestation. It became the leading environmental certification institution in Brazil. In 2003 he was appointed as the first director general of Brazil's National Forest Service.
In that job, by showing how the health of the Amazon rainforest is directly connected to his country’s economic stability and energy security, he led the implementation of an innovative framework of incentives for sustainable forestry that contributed to reduce the ate of deforestation in the Amazon by 75 percent -- and Brazil's greenhouse gas emissions by one-third. Today, Azevedo is focused on addressing climate change globally.
Tasso Azevedo | Speaker | TED.com