Tom Wujec: Got a wicked problem? First, tell me how you make toast
توم ووجيك: ألديك مشكلة مستعصية؟ أولًا، أخبرني كيف تحمِّص الخبز
Tom Wujec studies how we share and absorb information. He's an innovative practitioner of business visualization -- using design and technology to help groups solve problems and understand ideas. He is a Fellow at Autodesk. Full bio
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and solve complex problems,
it kind of seems trivial at first,
يبدو هذا التمرين بسيطاً للوهلة الأولى،
unexpected truths
and make sense of things.
ونعطي معنى للأشياء.
that we all know how to do,
a felt marker,
you begin to draw how to make toast.
تبدأ برسم خطوات تحميص الخبز.
which is sliced, then put into a toaster.
ثم وضعوها في آلة التحميص.
After two minutes, toast and happiness.
بعد دقيقتين، يخرج الخبز ويعم السرور.
many hundreds of drawings of these toasts,
بجمع مئات الرسومات عن الخبز المحمص،
the toast-making process quite clearly.
بطريقة واضحة جداً.
well, not so good.
you don't know what they're trying to say.
لأنك لا تفهم ما الذي تحاول قوله.
while hiding others.
ويخفي بعضها جوانب أخرى.
that are all about the toast,
على كيفية تحميص الخبز بالتفصيل،
that are all about the toaster,
the mechanics of this.
آلة تحميص الخبز بهذا الشكل.
that are about people.
the experience that people have.
the supply chain of making toast
networks of teleportation
عبر وسائل النقل
to the field and wheat,
all the way back to the Big Bang.
are really wildly different,
تختلف عن بعضها بشكل كبير،
and I'm wondering if you can see it.
وأتساءل إن كنتم تلحظونه.
like the toaster and people,
مثل آلة تحميص الخبز والناس،
the connections between the nodes.
of links and nodes
mental models visible
these systems models
our various points of view.
make toast with a toaster.
يحمِّص الأميركيون الخبز بآلة التحميص.
make toast with a frying pan, of course,
بتسخين الخبز بالمقلاة، بالطبع،
A lot of MBA students do this.
الكثير من طلاب إدارة الأعمال يفعلون هذا.
by counting the number of nodes,
عن طريق عدد العقد،
has between four and eight nodes.
بين أربع إلى ثماني عقد.
produces a feeling of map shock.
تصبح الرسمة أشبه بخريطة.
something visually,
in your diagram.
في رسمك البياني.
be skilled at drawing,
how to break down complex things
كيف نحلل الأمور المعقدة
bring them back together again.
the exercise,
or with cards.
أو البطاقات.
tend to draw clear, more detailed,
يميلون إلى رسم عقد واضحة
analysis that takes place,
أمامكم خطوة بخطوة،
they move their nodes around,
يقومون بتحريك العقد،
it's actually really important.
لكنه كبير الأهمية بالفعل.
and then reflecting and analyzing
التعبير والتفكير والتحليل
in which we get clarity.
التي توضح الأمور أمامنا.
we can change a representation
to improve the model.
are not only more fluid,
ليست أكثر سلاسة وحسب،
way more nodes than static drawings.
مزيداً من العقد مقارنة بالرسوم الثابتة.
to our third part of the exercise,
but this time in a group.
لكن ضمن مجموعة من الناس.
and then it gets really messy,
ثم تصبح أكثر فوضى،
the model becomes clearer
on top of each other's ideas.
of everyone's individual points of view,
in meetings, isn't it?
20 or more nodes,
على 20 عقدة أو أكثر،
of their models themselves.
that the groups spontaneously mix
أن المجموعات مُزجت من تلقاء نفسها
of organization to it.
and parallel patterns.
if they do it in complete silence,
and much more quickly.
talking gets in the way.
التكلم يعيق طريقهم.
that can emerge from this.
understand the situations
and their relationships.
better systems models,
the most comprehensive models
several points of view.
under the right circumstances,
than individual models.
تكون أفضل من النماذج الفردية.
for drawing how to make toast,
عند رسم عملية تحميص الخبز،
something more relevant or pressing,
شيء يتعلق بك أكثر؟
or customer experience,
that's taking place
are addressing their wicked problems
بمعالجة مشاكلها المستعصية
their world as movable nodes and links
كعقد وروابط متحركة
you collect the nodes,
ثم تجمع العقد،
you do it over again,
ثم تكرر الأمر ثانية.
and the patterns emerge,
إلى أن تظهر الأنماط
and you answer the question.
ثم تقوم أنت بالإجابة على السؤال.
and doing over and over again
والقيام به مرارًا وتكرارًا
that are the important aspects,
or even thousands of nodes.
an organization called Rodale.
visualized their entire practice.
بتصوير ممارساتهم بالكامل.
after visualizing the entire business,
بعد تصوير العمل بأكمله،
50 million dollars of revenue,
to an A rating from their customers.
من قبل زبائنهم.
alignment from the executive team.
على يد فريقهم التنفيذي.
to help organizations
by using collaborative visualization,
عن طريق استخدام التصور المشترك،
called drawtoast.com,
يدعى drawtoast.com،
how to run a workshop here,
the visual language
you can apply to general problem-solving,
يمكنكم تطبيقها لحل أي مشكلة تعترضكم،
that we all face in our organizations.
التي نواجهها في منظماتنا.
design exercise of drawing toast
with an interesting challenge,
tangible, and consequential.
وملموسة ومترابطة منطقيًا.
worth celebrating.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tom Wujec - DesignerTom Wujec studies how we share and absorb information. He's an innovative practitioner of business visualization -- using design and technology to help groups solve problems and understand ideas. He is a Fellow at Autodesk.
Why you should listen
Tom Wujec is a Fellow at Autodesk, the makers of design software for engineers, filmmakers, designers. At Autodesk, he has worked on software including SketchBook Pro, PortfolioWall and Maya (which won an Academy Award for its contribution to the film industry). As a Fellow, he helps companies work in the emerging field of business visualization, the art of using images, sketches and infographics to help teams solve complex problems as a group.
He's the author of several books, including Five-Star Mind: Games and Puzzles to Stimulate Your Creativity and Imagination.
Tom Wujec | Speaker | TED.com