Yuval Noah Harari: Nationalism vs. globalism: the new political divide
يوفال نوح هراري: الوطنية مقابل العولمة: الأنقسام السياسي الجديد
In his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Welcome to this TED Dialogues.
وسهلاً بكم في حوار TED هذا.
that's going to be done
political upheaval.
the growing divisiveness in this country
الآراء المتزايد في هذه الدولة
a different kind of conversation,
on reason, listening, on understanding,
المنطق ، الاستماع وعلى التفهم
in these TED Dialogues,
الأقل في حوارات TED هذه
pretty much like no one else
with underlying ideas
your breath away.
this book, "Sapiens."
الكتاب " الوجود الإنساني"
think differently --
in the US next week.
أمريكا الأسبوع المقبل.
of the next hundred years.
quite alarming.
someone better to help
is happening in the world right now.
to Yuval Noah Harari.
الفيسبوك ومن شبكة الأنترنت.
on Facebook and around the Web.
asking questions of Yuval,
بتوجيه الاسئلة لـ(يوفال)
the political scandal du jour,
عن فضائح سياسية رائجة
of: Where are we heading?
السؤال الآتي: الى أين نتجه؟
there's a new president in power,
by telling stories.
and very attractive story
oh, what's happening is
will create paradise on Earth,
globalizing the economy
even of the Western world,
it doesn't matter.
you don't understand what's happening.
was actually a very effective story.
القصة كانت مؤثرة جدا
than from eating too little,
الطعام بدلا من قلة تناوله
than from infectious diseases,
أكثر من الأمراض المعدية
than are killed by crime and terrorism
أن يقتلوا بجريمة أو عمل إرهابي
your own worst enemy.
to be killed by yourself --
very good news, compared --
that we saw in previous eras.
of connecting the world
kind of feeling left out,
through the whole system.
of what's happened?
that people thought of politics,
has been blown up and replaced.
political model of left versus right
حيث انقسام حزب اليمين ضد حزب اليسار
is between global and national,
new political models
سياسية جديدة تماماً
of thinking about politics.
is that we now have global ecology,
لدينا بيئة عالمية مشتركة
but we have national politics,
system ineffective,
القوى التي تشكل حياتنا
over the forces that shape our life.
to this imbalance:
and turn it back into a national economy,
many liberals out there
as kind of irredeemably bad,
تجاه (ترامب) وإدارته
or political philosophy in there
أو الفكرة الاساسية
feeling or idea
something is broken there.
the ordinary person anymore.
about the ordinary person anymore,
of the political disease is correct.
I am far less certain.
is the immediate human reaction:
in the political system today,
of where humankind is going.
you see retrograde vision:
بالخمسينات او الثمانينات
in the '50s, in the '80s, sometime,
a hundred years after Lenin,
to the Tsarist empire.
الإمبراطورية القيصرية
of the present is:
sometime in the past we've lost it,
فقدت طريقك في المدينة
you've lost your way in the city,
to the point where I felt secure
الذي أشعرني بالأمان
this is their gut instinct.
appealing slogan in many ways.
a very noble thing.
in promoting cooperation
organized in countries,
even thousands of years,
الحروب وما الى هنالك
too much on the bad.
كثيرا على السلبيات
many positive things about patriotism,
a large number of people
the Yellow River in China --
for survival and for prosperity,
from periodical floods
anything about it,
just a tiny section of the river.
and complicated process,
to form the Chinese nation,
hundreds of thousands of people together
and regulate the river
of prosperity for everybody.
around the world.
in a fundamental way.
in the world --
this river by itself.
on a single planet,
of global cooperation,
to tackle the problems,
or whether it's technological disruption.
most of the issues,
that matter most today
but on a global scale.
of the world today
الكبرى في العالم اليوم
of global cooperation.
example people give.
of technological disruption.
artificial intelligence,
out of the job market --
of all the countries.
about, say, bioengineering
research in humans,
a single country, let's say the US,
لنقل مثلاً الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية،
continues to do it.
to do the same will be immense
المتحدة اذا لم تقم بإجراء التجارب ايضا
high-risk, high-gain technologies.
خطرة وذات فائدة كبيرة
I can't allow myself to remain behind.
لا استطيع ان ابقى متخلفا عنهم
effective regulations,
nobody would like to stay behind.
لن يحب احد ان يتخلف عنهم.
a constructive conversation
that the start point
ان يوافق على ان نقطة البداية
that's propelled us to where we are
concerns about job loss.
way of life has gone,
في الحياة اختفت
that people are furious about that.
globalism, global elites,
العولمة والنخب العالمية،
without asking their permission,
a legitimate complaint.
is that -- so a key question is:
-- لذا السؤال الرئيسي هو:
both now and going forward?
سواءً الآن أو في المستقبل؟
yes, is to shut down borders
and change trade agreements and so forth.
التجارية وما الى هنالك.
is not going to be that at all.
ليس ذلك على الأطلاق.
in technological questions,
but looking to the future,
who will take the jobs
من يأخذ الوظائف
on the border of California --
ضخمٍ على الحدود مع كاليفورنيا
is going to be very ineffective.
مع المكسيك غير فعال نهائياً
the debates before the election,
المناقشات قبل الأنتخابات
did not even attempt to frighten people
ترمب لم يلجأ لتخويف الناس
it doesn't matter.
effective way of frightening people --
للغاية في تخويف الناس--
that no matter what happens
an intense debate about it,
and among the general public,
السائد وبين عامة الناس،
technological disruption --
but in 10, 20, 30 years --
children today in school or in college
للأطفال اليوم في المدرسة او الجامعة
to the job market of 2040, 2050.
to think about in 2040.
what to teach the young people.
نعلم به الشباب الصغار.
moments in history
entered a new era, unintentionally.
technologies have been developed,
that's worse for everyone.
you give in "Sapiens"
في كتابك " الجنس البشري"
tilling the fields,
backbreaking workday
ساعة من العمل المضني
and a much more interesting lifestyle.
الكثير من نمط الحياة الممتعه
phase change here,
that none of us actually wants?
في المستقبل الذي لا يريده احد؟
technological and economic revolution
التكنولوجيا والأقتصاد
individual lives,
became much better,
became considerably worse.
اصبحت حياتهم اسوأ بكثير.
in the 21st century.
القرن الواحد والعشرين.
will empower the human collective.
تقوي التجمعات السكانية.
all the benefits, taking all the fruits,
الفوائد، تأخذ كل الفاكهة،
finding themselves worse
السكاني ستجد نفسها اسوأ
might not even be human elites.
تكون حتى فئاتٍ بشرية.
enhanced super humans.
الفئة معززة للبشر الخارقين
nonorganic elites.
non-conscious algorithms.
is authority shifting away
about personal lives,
-- حول الحياة الشخصية،
about political matters --
حول المسائل السياسية --
by an algorithm, not by a human being.
بواسطة خوارزمية وليس من قبل إنسان.
is that maybe Homo sapiens just lost it.
البشري فقد قدرة اخذ القرار.
there is so much data,
on the African savanna
في السافانا الأفريقية
of information and data --
of the 21st century,
القرن الواحد والعشرين،
that may be able to handle it
is shifting from us to the algorithms.
تتحول عنا إلى الخوارزميات.
for the first of a series of TED Dialogues
للسلسلة الأولى من حوارات TED
audience out there.
للجمهور في الخارج هناك.
to some of your questions
to make the argument
because of the coming technological ...
بسبب التكنولوجيا القادمة
a global conversation about this.
really believing that, I don't know,
يصدقون ذلك، لا أعلم
threat, and so forth.
some people at least,
nuclear weapons, and so forth.
الأسلحة النووية وما إلى هنالك
we are right now
need to be dialed up?
he doesn't believe in that.
who deny climate change are nationalists.
يتجاهلون التغير المناخي هم وطنيون.
denying climate change?
يتجاهلون التغير المناخي؟
about it, it's obvious --
بالأمر، يبدو واضحاً
to climate change.
in the 21st century,
في القرن الحادي والعشرين،
then you must accept that, yes,
عليك أن تتقبل ذلك، نعم،
for patriotism,
for having special loyalties
ليكون لك ولآئك الخاص
towards your own country.
thinking of abolishing that.
فعلياً في إلغاء ذلك.
and commitments
several layers of loyalty.
to humankind as a whole?
الولاء للبشرية ككل؟
when it becomes difficult,
حيث يصبح من الصعب جداً
some questions from the audience here.
بعض الأسئلة من الجمهور هنا.
get them coming, too.
يمكنه المشاركة أيضاً.
clearly made a huge difference
التي تصنع فرقاً عظيماً
in income distribution in the US
الدخل في الولايات المتحده
to affect that?
للتأثير على ذلك؟
of the underlying causes.
الأسباب الكامنة ورائها.
good idea about what to do about it,
بما يكفي حول ما يمكن فعله لذلك
remain on the national level,
تبقى في المستوى المحلي،
quite a lot about now
it's not clear what "universal" is
"العالمية" ليست واضحه
about universal basic income,
الدخل الأساسي العالمي
taking away millions of jobs
ثلاثية الأبعاد تاخذ ملايين الوظائف
my shirts and my shoes.
on Google and Apple in California,
على جوجل وأبل في كاليفورنيا،
to unemployed Bangladeshis?
للعاطلين عن العمل من البنغاليين
you can just as well believe
and solve the problem.
and not national basic income,
بدل الدخل المحلي الأساسي،
are not going to go away.
just food and shelter was enough.
والملجأ كان كافياً.
education is a basic human need,
التعليم أمرٌ أساسي للبشر،
Twelve years? PhD?
إثنا عشر عاماً؟ درجة الدكتوراة؟
ثلاثون أو أربعون عاماً
that can extend human life
يمكن أن تمتد طوال فترة عمر الأنسان
of basic income or not?
lose their ability to be employed,
تخسر قدرتها على العمل
is this basic income.
به هو الدخل الأساسي.
very difficult ethical question.
جداً كسؤال الأخلاقي
on how the world affords it as well,
كيف يمكن للعالم تمويل ذلك جيداً
from Facebook from Lisa Larson:
World War I and World War II
الأولى والحرب العالمية الثانية
to the dangers of nationalism,
فيما يتعلق بأخطار الوطنية،
than a century ago.
كان عليه في القرن الماضي
each other by the millions.
بعضهم البعض بالملايين
as far as I remember,
من الأتحاد الأوروبي كما أذكر
an MP who was murdered by some extremist.
رجل شرطة بواسطة بعض المتطرفين.
British independence,
الأتحاد الأوروبي حول إستقلاليتها
war of independence in human history.
سلماً في تاريخ البشرية
will now choose to leave the UK
ان تبتعد عن المملكة المتحدة
wanted several times --
ذلك العديد من المرات--
in London was to send an army up north
سيكون بإرسال جيش للشمال
and massacre the highland tribes.
the Scots vote for independence,
الأسكتلنديين للاستقلال
will not send an army up north
بإرسال أي جيش للشمال
to kill or be killed
لأن يَقتلوا أو أن يُقتلوا
of the rise of nationalism
today is far, far smaller
you hear publicly worrying
الآن قلقون، أنت تسمع القلق العام
outbreaks of violence in the US
في الولايات المتحدة
things have shifted?
in the First World War yet.
don't be complacent.
the wrong decisions,
in an analogous situation to 1917
حالة مماثلة لعام 1917
underestimate human stupidity.
forces in history,
for no obvious reason,
الجنونية لأسباب غير واضحة
in human history is human wisdom.
التاريخ البشري هي الحكمة البشرية
moral psychologist Jonathan Haidt,
الأخلاقي جوناثان هيدت
of global governance,
from Transparency International,
من خلال الشفافية الدولية،
of political institutions,
في المؤسسات السياسية
of yellow here and there
من اللون الأصفر هنا وهناك
some kind of global governance,
being more like Denmark
إلى شيء شبيه بالدنمارك
روسيا أو الهنداروس
with national governments.
بواسطة الحكومة المحلية.
actually look like,
what it would look like.
are lose-lose situations.
هي حالات خسارة- خسارة
a win-win situation like trade,
فوز-فوز كما في التجارة
from a trade agreement,
have an interest in doing it.
like with climate change,
مثل التغير المناخي،
authority, real authority.
and what would it look like,
like ancient China
that we are facing,
some kind of real ability
شكل من القدرة الحقيقية
on the global level
صعبة على المستوى العالمي
than almost anything else.
the millions of climate migrants?"
ملايين المهاجرين من المناخ؟"
that they know either.
is another example of a problem
هي مثال آخر لمشكلةٍ
on a nation-by-nation basis.
problems for the future.
it's another very good case,
or in ancient times.
الوسطى أو في العصور القديمة.
among many technologists, certainly,
العديد من الكنولوجيين بالتحديد
are kind of overblown,
don't have that much influence
ليس لديهم التأثير الكبير
at this point is by science,
هذه النقطة هو بواسطة العلم،
other than political leaders,
for leaders to do much,
على القادة لفعل الكثير،
about nothing here.
ability to do good is very limited,
القدرة على عمل الخير أمر محدود،
and blow everybody up.
على الزر وتفجير الجميع.
to reduce inequality,
أن تقلل عدم المساواة
in the political system today
مدمج في النظام السياسي
but you can still do a lot of harm.
ما زال لديك القدرة على فعل الكثير من السوء
still a very big concern.
كبيراً جداً للنظام السياسي
what's happening today,
when things were going just fine
عندما كان كل شيءٍ يسير على ما يرام
the world or their country backwards?
it's never an individual leader.
لم يكن يوماً قائداً بمفرده
to continue to be there.
of a single individual.
behind every such individual.
here, please, to Andrew?
هنا، أرجوكم، لأندريو؟
about the global versus the national,
عن العالمية مقابل الوطنية،
is in the hands of identity groups.
المتحده الأمريكية
which have formed
significant authorities.
into the system,
to be made coherent
من الهويات بإن تكون متماسكة
or global leadership?
أو القيادة العالمية؟
of such diverse identities
إنقسام الهويات هذا
in a single, monolithic identity,
more extreme versions of nationalism
to a single identity.
a lot of problems
العديد من المشاكل
their identities
for a global vision.
think in such exclusive terms.
مثل هذه المصطلحات الحصرية.
a single identity for a person,
واحدة فقط للشخص الواحد
several things, I can be just that,"
اشياء متعدده، أستطيع أن أكون فقط ذلك"
diverse identities at the same time.
هويات متعدد في نفس الوقت.
of what's happened in the last year
لما حدث العام الماضي
fed up with, if you like,
من ما يمكن تسميه، إذا احببت
for want of a better term,
الحاجة إلى مصطلح افضل،
identities and them feeling,
المختلفة وازعج شعورهم،
I am being completely ignored here.
مُهمَلاً بالكامل هنا.
I was the majority"?
sparked a lot of the anger.
on fictional stories
of the basic community
المجتمع الأساسي
and tell one another
ويخبرون الآخرون
are extremely unstable.
is a biological entity.
of soil and blood,
kind of makes a gooey mess.
شيئاً من الفوضى اللزجة
it messes with your mind
that I am a combination of soil and blood.
إلا مزيج من التربة والدماء
that exist today
واحدةً من الأمم الموجودة اليوم
that's for sure.
وهذا شيءٌ مؤكد.
lived in small communities
عاشوا في مجتمعاتٍ صغيرة
are imagined communities,
all these people.
small nation, Israel,
and perhaps have work taken away,
مهملة وربما نُزِع عمله منه،
in one sense expanding,
بإتجاهٍ واحدٍ متوسع،
may have their jobs taken away
الذين سينزع عملهم منهم
that we could end up with
الطرق التي قد تنتهي بنهايةٍ
a "useless class" --
تسميتها "فئةٌ عديمة النفع"
these people have no use.
هؤلاء ليس لديهم إستخدام
we should be terrified about?
very carefully.
بطريقةٍ حذرةٍ جداً.
what the job market will look like
ماهية سوق العمل
many new jobs will appear,
الوظائف الجديدة ستظهر،
العمر خمسين عاماً
for an unemployed truck driver
الشاحنة العاطل عن العمل
as a designer of virtual worlds.
كمصممٍ للعوالم الأفتراضية.
of the industrial revolution,
الثورة الصناعية،
in one type of work,
في نوعٍ واحدٍ من العمل،
from low-skill work
ذات المهارة المنخفضة
agricultural workers,
in low-skill industrial jobs,
الوظائف منخفضة المهارة،
by more and more machines,
والمزيد من الآلات،
be new jobs in the future,
هناك وظائف جديدةٍ في المستقبل،
أفضل من الذكاء الأصطناعي
أفضل من الذكاء الأصطناعي،
ذات المهارة العالية،
designing virtual worlds.
تصمم العوالم الأفتراضية.
an unemployed cashier from Wal-Mart
عاطلٍ عن العمل من وال-مارت
as a designer of virtual worlds,
الخمسين كمصصمٍ للعوالم الأفتراضية
Bangladeshi textile workers
البنغاليين العاطلين عن العمل
the Bangladeshis today
highlighting a question
تسلط الضوء على سؤالٍ
the last few months more and more.
الأشهر القليلة الماضية
to ask in public,
to offer in it, maybe it's yours,
يمكن عرضه عليك، ربما يكون عقلك،
some great cosmic plan,
بعض الخطط الكونية العظيمة،
what our role is
ماهية دورنا
of our ability.
and ideologies and so forth,
والأيدولوجيات وما إلى هنالك،
is this is not true.
قوله أن هذا غير صحيح.
with a role in it for Homo sapiens.
just for a minute,
and understandable accounts
المفهومة والمتماسكة
from intelligence,
that we're building in machines,
of mystery around it.
what this sentience thing is?
هذا الشيء الحساس؟
isn't there a chance
is to be the universe's sentient things,
يكونوا الأشياء العالمية الحساسة،
and happiness and hope?
that actually help amplify that,
فعلياً في تضخيم ذلك،
sentient themselves?
reading your book.
interesting question today in science
أكثر سؤالٍ مشوق في العلم اليوم
of consciousness and the mind.
in understanding the brain
and consciousness.
and consciousness,
because in humans, they go together.
is the ability to solve problems.
هو القدرة على حل المشاكل.
to feel things,
and boredom and pain and so forth.
والألم وما إلى هنالك.
as well -- it's not unique to humans --
الأخرى... انه ليس أمر فريدٌ للبشر...
and some other animals,
بعض الحيوانات الأخرى،
go together.
in places like Silicon Valley
artificial intelligence
in computer intelligence
in computer consciousness,
are going to become conscious
الحواسيب ستصبح واعيةً
some cosmic role for consciousness,
هناك دورٌ كوني للوعي،
chickens are conscious,
we need to broaden our horizons
فأولاً نحتاج لأن نوسع آفاقنا
the only sentient beings on Earth,
الوحيدة الحساسة على الأرض،
there is good reason to think
هناك سبب جيدٌ للتفكير
of the whole bunch.
sentient than whales,
or more sentient than cats,
وأكثر عاطفيةً من القطط،
in that direction, expand.
في ذلك الأتجاه، توسع.
of what is it for,
sentience is for anything.
بأن الأحساس هو لأي شيء.
to find our role in the universe.
نجد دورنا في العالم.
is to liberate ourselves from suffering.
أنفسنا من المعاناة.
suffer, can suffer,
in some mysterious cosmic drama.
الدراما الكونية الغامضة.
what suffering is,
to be liberated from it.
and that was very eloquent.
لك وكان ذلك بليغاً جداً.
of questions from the audience here,
الأسئلة من الجمهور هنا
at the back if you want the mic,
إذا كنت تريد المايكروفون،
about the fictional stories
عن القصص الخيالية
that you choose to live your life,
أن تعيشها على حياتك،
with the truth, like all of us?
important question,
between fiction and reality,
to tell the difference
البشري أن يحكي الفرق
as history progressed,
that we have created --
and corporations --
that we've created,"
خيالية نقوم بأختراعها"
between fiction and reality.
that I can say in short,
in the First World War,"
في الحرب العالمية الأولى"
Germany has no mind.
ألمانيا ليس لها عقل.
but Germany cannot.
نعم لكن ألمانيا لا تستطيع
the dollar doesn't suffer.
فالدولار لا يعاني.
الحيوانات تستطيع أن تعاني
really want to see reality,
حقاً تريد أن ترى الحقيقة،
what suffering is,
here that connects to this,
له علاقة مع ذلك،
in a language that I cannot read.
بلغةٍ لا أستطيع قراءتها.
CA: Hebrew. There you go.
كريس: عبرية. ها انت ذا.
really a brand-new era,
يمثل فعلياً عصراً جديداً بالكامل
in a never-ending trend?
with this idea of post-truth.
هذه الفكرة وما بعد الحقيقة
when the hell was the era of truth?
متى بحق الجحيم كان عصر الحقيقة؟
the Middle Ages?
أو في العصور الوسطى؟
in an era, in a way, of post-truth.
بشكل ما، ما بعد الحقيقة.
are talking about
where you had fewer journalistic outlets,
عدد أقل من المنافذ الصحفية،
that things were fact-checked.
of those organizations
should connect to reality in a real way,
تتصل بالحقيقة بطريقةٍ حقيقية،
it was a serious, earnest attempt
محاولة جدية لجلب الأنتباه
that had actually happened.
that's incredibly powerful
massively amplified anything
يضخم على نطاق واسع أي شيء
it connected to reality,
to clicks and attention,
the technology changes,
التكنولوجيا تتغير،
both truth and fiction and falsehood.
كلاً من الحقيقة والخيال والباطل.
the truth than it was ever before.
مما كان عليه في السابق.
is anything essentially new
أي شيءٍ أساسيٍ جديدٍ
fictions and errors.
Joseph Goebbels, didn't know
جوزيف غوبلز، لا يعلم
news and post-truth.
الأخبار وما بعد الحقيقة.
a lie often enough,
إن كررت الكذبة بما يكفي،
that something so big can be a lie.
بإن كبيراً جداً يمكن أن يكون كذبة.
has been with us for thousands of years.
بيننا منذ الآف السنوات.
with tyrannical regimes,
بالأنظمة الأستبدادية،
that there may be dark times coming.
هناك أوقات مظلمة قادمة.
of fake news is a disturbing sign.
للأخبار الوهمية هو علامة مزعجة.
I'm just saying that it's not new.
وحسب أنها ليست جديدة.
on Facebook on this question
بهذا السؤال على الفيسبوك
versus nationalism.
to relinquish power?
ليتخلوا عن السلطة؟
actually, the text is so big
الحقيقة، النص كبير جداً
but I blame the text right here.
ولكني ألوم النص هنا.
that some people talk about
can shake humankind
أن تهز الجنس البشري
of global governance,
من الحكومة العالمية،
before the catastrophe,
ان نفعل ذلك قبل الكارثة،
laying the foundations
the motivation to do such a thing
interested in global governance
local identities and communities,
المحلية والمجتمعات المحلية،
in the mindset of a lot of people
عقلية الكثير من البشر
and it has let them down,
محكوم، ممتد وقد تخذلهم،
global governance -- no, go away!
لا، إذهب بعيداً!
as the ultimate poke in the eye
وكأنها نهاية المطاف
so scary and remote?
of it being compatible
من كونها متوافقة
about Homo sapiens
completely dependent
about a global system.
about Homo sapiens
عن الجنس البشري
on a very, very local level.
based on all kinds of imaginary stories
قائمٌ على جميع أنواع القصص الخيالية
understanding of our species,
in the 21st century,
and the local community.
العالمي والمجتمع المحلي.
with the body itself.
of alienation and loneliness
لديهم الغربة والوحدة
is not global capitalism.
ليست الرأسمالية العالمية.
the last hundred years,
المئة سنةٍ الماضية،
from their body.
constantly in touch
to look for mushrooms
to what you hear,
people are losing their ability
and their senses,
and loneliness and so forth,
some mass nationalism,
in touch with your body,
in the world also.
في المنزل في هذا العالم.
we may all be back in the forest soon.
ربما نعود جميعنا للغابة قريباً.
one more question in the room
West Africa, and my question is:
غرب أفريقيا، وسؤالي هو:
and justify the idea of global governance
فكرة الحوكمة العالمية
historically disenfranchised
global governance,
come from a very Westernized idea
فكرة غربية للغاية
is supposed to look like.
that idea of global
and Nigeria and Togo
ونيجيريا والتوغو
that history is extremely unfair,
أن التاريخ غير عادل،
which are also most likely to suffer most
المحتمل أن تعاني أكثر
very clear about that.
الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.
will be in Sudan, will be in Syria,
في السودان، ستكون في سوريا،
will be in those places.
في أماكن مثل هذه.
have an even greater incentive
لديها حافز أكبر
the next wave of disruption,
التالية من الأضطرابات،
or whether it's technological.
حتى تكنولوجية.
technological disruption,
الأضطرابات المناخية،
will take the jobs
ثلاثية الأبعاد والروبوتات ستأخذ الوظائف
or in Bangladesh.
because history is so unfair
between everybody,
will be able to get away
لديهم القدرة على الفرار
of climate change
will not be able to.
يكونوا قادرين على ذلك.
from Cameron Taylor on Facebook:
كاميرون تيلور على الفيسبوك:
we should want to want?"
أن نريد لنريد؟
to want to know the truth,
نريد لنريد لمعرفة الحقيقة،
to our own wishes,
ومع أمانينا،
want to understand it.
أولاً في فهم ذلك.
trajectory of history,
من مسارالتاريخ،
for thousands of years
control of the world outside us
بالعالم خارج حدودنا
to fit our own desires.
of the other animals,
is we turn our gaze inwards,
أن ننقل نظرتنا للداخل،
of the world outside us
of the world inside us.
على العالم داخلنا.
and industry in the 21st century --
في القرن الحادي والعشرين...
of the world inside us,
bodies and brains and minds.
الأنتاج والأدمغة والعقول.
products of the 21st century economy.
لأقتصاد القرن الحادي والعشرين.
very often they think in terms,
فبالعادة يفكرون في مصطلحات،
of my body and of my brain."
from our previous history,
the power to manipulate,
القدرة على المعالجة،
understand the complexity
the world inside us
هندسة العالم داخلنا
the complexity of our mental system,
ecological disaster,
الحيوية الداخلية،
meltdown inside us.
الأنهيار العقلي داخلنا.
together here --
the coming technology,
you've just outlined --
are in quite a bleak place
وكأنك في مكان مظلم
how would you state that?
كيف ستعرض ذلك؟
dangerous possibilities
my job or responsibility
on the positive sides,
رئيسي على الجوانب الأيجابية،
and philosophers and sociologists
والفيلسوف وعالم الأجتماع
of all these new technologies.
لكل تلك التكنولوجيا الحديثة،
kinds of societies.
of the Industrial Revolution,
a communist dictatorship
or a liberal democracy.
what to do with them.
and bioengineering and all of that --
والهندسة الوراثية وكل ذلك...
to the challenge of a new technology
في التكنولوجيا الحديثة
من القرن العشرين،
will end in a nuclear catastrophe,
الباردة ستنتهي بكارثة نووية،
humans all over the world
دفعت البشر حول العالم
international politics
فيها سياستهم الدولية
their interests with warfare.
مصالحهم في الحرب.
but many countries have.
العديد من البلدان عليها ذلك
the most important reason
declined dramatically since 1945,
الدولي منذ عام 1945،
more people commit suicide
من الناس يقومون بالأنتحار
margin for error.
هامش قليل جداً للخطأ
a second option to try again.
آخر لأعادة التجربة.
this to a conclusion.
نستخلص هذا كنتيجة
one thing to people here
أقول شيئاً واحداً للناس هنا
watching online, anyone watching online:
المباشر، أو أي شخص يشاهد بثنا المباشر:
a different kind of conversation,
ساعدنا لنفعل ذلك.
with people you disagree with,
these conversations forward
أن نأخذ هذه الحوارات للأمام
in the world right now.
in a wise, wise way.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Yuval Noah Harari - Historian, authorIn his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake.
Why you should listen
In his book, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, Yuval Noah Harari explores the projects, dreams and nightmares that will shape the 21st century -- from overcoming death to creating artificial life. He maps the future and asks fundamental questions: Where do we go from here? How will we protect this fragile world from our own destructive powers? The book has sold four million copies since its publication in 2016.
Harari's previous book, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, explores what made homo sapiens the most successful species on the planet. His answer: We are the only animal that can believe in things that exist purely in our imagination, such as gods, states, money, human rights, corporations and other fictions, and we have developed a unique ability to use these stories to unify and organize groups and ensure cooperation. Sapiens has sold eight million copies and been translated into more than 50 languages. Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg and President Barack Obama have recommended it as a must-read.
Harari lectures as a Professor of history at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he specializes in world history, medieval history and military history. His current research focuses on macro-historical questions: What is the relationship between history and biology? What is the essential difference between Homo sapiens and other animals? Is there justice in history? Does history have a direction? Did people become happier as history unfolded? Harari has written for newspapers such as The Guardian, Financial Times, the Times, Nature magazine and the Wall Street Journal.
Harari's new book, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, will take the pulse of our current global climate, focusing on the biggest questions of the present moment: What is really happening right now? What are today’s greatest challenges and choices? What should we pay attention to? The book will be published in multiple languages in September 2018.
Yuval Noah Harari | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com