Harry Cliff: Have we reached the end of physics?
Гары Кліф: Ці гэта канец фізікі?
Harry Cliff looks for answers to questions about the origins of the universe and the laws of nature. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
a 36-year-old Albert Einstein
Academy of Sciences in Berlin
навук ў Берліне,
of space, time and gravity:
новую тэорыю прасторы, часу і гравітацыі --
Einstein's masterpiece,
бясспрэчны шэдэўр.
of the universe at the grandest scales,
функцыянаванне сусвету
to the beginning of time and space.
to be a physicist.
для фізікаў.
the subject on its head.
колішнія ўяўленні.
even more revolutionary:
яшчэ больш рэвалюцыйная --
yet stunningly successful new way
і ашаламляльны спосаб
the world of atoms and particles.
these two ideas have utterly transformed
вельмі змянілі
and quantum mechanics
what the universe is made from,
and how it continues to evolve.
at another turning point in physics,
ў адным пераломным моманце ў фізіцы,
is rather different.
год пакажуць,
whether we'll be able
our understanding of nature,
ведаў пра прыроду,
in the history of science,
that we cannot answer,
нашыя пытанні.
the brains or technology,
ці тэхналогій,
themselves forbid it.
не дазваляюць знайсці адказаў.
the universe is far, far too interesting.
вельмі цікавы.
appear to suggest
вядуць нас да высновы,
should be a boring place.
вельмі сумнае месца.
in a universe full of interesting stuff,
шмат займальных рэчаў:
rather than nothing?
problem in fundamental physics,
фундаментальнай фізікі.
whether we'll ever be able to solve it.
дадуць нам адказ,
are two numbers,
дзве лічбы.
that we can measure,
якія мы можам вымяраць.
even by a tiny bit,
былі б іншымі,
would not exist.
не існаваў бы.
with the discovery that was made
звязаная з адкрыццём,
at CERN, home of this machine,
кіламетраў ад гэтай залы.
ever built by the human race,
самай вялікай навуковай прылады,
around a 27-kilometer ring,
субатамныя часціцы
to the speed of light
inside gigantic particle detectors.
элементарных часціц.
at CERN announced to the world
a new fundamental particle
новую фундаментальную часціцу
at the LHC: the Higgs boson.
Яе назва -- Базон Гігса.
getting very excited indeed,
фізікаў.
we discover a new particle.
is particularly special.
нешта асаблівае.
because finding the Higgs
азначае існаванне поля касмічнай энергіі.
of a cosmic energy field.
imagining an energy field,
close to a piece of metal
з нейкім металам,
is a little bit like a magnetic field,
нагадвае магнітнае поле,
ці дакрануцца да яго,
that we're made from.
would have no mass,
and there would be no us.
ніводнага атаму,
about the Higgs field.
that it has two natural settings,
кажуць нам,
два прыродныя станы,
everywhere in space,
паўсюль у прасторы.
an absolutely enormous value.
гэтага поля павінна быць вельмі вялікім.
atoms could not exist,
існаваць.
interesting stuff
in the universe would not exist.
is just slightly on,
than its fully on value,
меншае за магчымае.
just before the off position.
святла не да канца.
поля вельмі важнае.
no physical structure in the universe.
of our dangerous numbers,
trying to understand
дэкад, каб зрузумець,
fine-tuned number,
with a number of possible explanations.
магчымых тлумачэнняў.
like "supersymmetry"
into the details of these ideas now,
fine-tuned value of the Higgs field,
сапраўды тлумачыць
being created at the LHC
any sign of them.
няма ніякіх прыкмет іх існавання.
of a dangerous number,
from the other end of the scale,
іншай галіны фізікі --
at vast distances.
на вялізарных адлегласцях.
of Einstein's general theory of relativity
тэорыі адноснасці Айнштайна --
as a rapid expansion of space and time
з Вялікага Выбуху --
of the Big Bang theory,
the brakes on that expansion.
гэтага пашырэння.
the stunning discovery
зрабілі цікавае адкрыццё.
is actually speeding up.
насамрэч, павялічваецца.
і большым.
bigger and bigger faster and faster
called dark energy.
праз таямнічую сілу,
the word "dark" in physics,
дакладна не ведаюць,
we don't know what we're talking about.
of empty space itself,
пустой прасторы,
quantum mechanics to work out
добрую квантавую механіку,
of 120 times stronger
to get your head around.
when we're talking about big numbers.
тэрмін "астранамічны",
than any number in astronomy.
trillion trillion times bigger
in the entire universe.
сусвеце.
the worst prediction in physics,
a theoretical curiosity.
тэарытычную зацікаўленасць.
anywhere near this strong,
would have been torn apart,
and we would not be here.
of those dangerous numbers,
fantastic level of fine-tuning
ўзроўню дакладнасці
this number has no known explanation.
гэтая лічба пакуль не мае тлумачэння.
theory of relativity,
of the universe at grand scales,
of the universe at small scales,
маленькіх памерах,
spent most of his later years
for a unified theory of physics,
таямніцу і дагэтуль.
на абагульняльную тэорыю --
for a unified theory is string theory,
particles that make up our world,
фундаментальныя часціцы,
that they're not particles at all,
corresponding to a different particle,
з рознымі часціцамі.
on a guitar string.
на гітарнай струне.
way of looking at the world,
погляд на свет вакол нас.
катастрафічную праблемую
isn't one theory at all,
different versions of string theory.
a different universe
string theory unscientific.
што праз гэта
turned this on its head
з ног на галаву.
maybe this apparent failure
different possible universes
дзвюх небяспечных лічбаў.
of these two dangerous numbers.
настолькі вялікае,
that the universe gets torn apart,
that no atoms can form.
атамы не могуць з'явіцца.
in the multiverse
and it's easy to see why.
гэтымі катэгорымі,
to answer the question,
rather than nothing?"
there is nothing,
allow there to be something.
дазваляюць рэчам існаваць.
the idea of the multiverse.
whether they're there or not.
frustrating position.
незразумелым стане.
the multiverse doesn't exist.
other stars, other galaxies,
існаваць іншыя сусветы?
we'll ever know for sure.
і не знойдзем адказ.
has been around for a while,
we've started to get the first solid hints
першыя дакладныя эківокі на тое,
may get born out.
знайсці пацверджанні.
for the first run of the LHC,
Вялікага гандроннага калайдара,
for new theories of physics:
fine-tuned value of the Higgs field.
revealed a barren subatomic wilderness
субатамную пустыню,
that we saw no signs of new physics.
знакаў новай фізікі.
its second phase of operation
what we achieved in the first run.
першую спробу.
are all desperately hoping for
micro black holes,
at the Large Hadron Collider.
нашу доўгую вандроўку,
this long journey
with Albert Einstein
законаў прыроды.
of the laws of nature.
for a second long shutdown,
a new era in physics:
растлумачыць дзіўныя рысы сусвету.
of the universe that we cannot explain;
that we live in a multiverse
што мы жывем у мультысусвеце,
forever beyond our reach;
даказаць і абгрунтаваць.
to answer the question,
здольныя адказаць на пытанне:
rather than nothing?"
even if you just said
of questions, and the first is:
табе некалькі пытанняў.
is a generational project.
як калайдар, патрабуе
that we live in a short-term world.
свеце кароткіх тэрмінаў.
when building something like this?
пабудову чагосьці падобнага?
I work on at the LHC in 2008,
да эксперыменту,
калі ўсё пачыналася.
who have been working on it
групы даследчыкаў
ужо тры дзесяцігоддзі.
their entire careers on one machine.
about the LHC were in 1976,
without the technology
без наяўнасці тэхналогій,
to be able to build it.
калі пачалася сур'ёзная распрацоўка,
did not exist in the early '90s
дапамагчы нам.
which record these collisions,
that would be created in the LHC,
in the middle of this object
we have developed technology.
распрацавалі тэхналогію.
that they will solve the problems,
спатрэбіцца дзесяцігоддзі.
or more down the line.
two or three weeks ago
тыдні таму аб'весціў
and your colleagues welcome the news.
на гэтую навіну.
BG: I'm sure. I'm sure.
галоўнае, Бруно.
physicist to say that.
што вывучае часціцы.
to pool their resources.
з усяго свету.
не можа сабе дазволіць
to build a machine this large,
такую машыну.
huge amounts of resources,
to build machines like this.
is to build a machine
and could give us some clues
like supersymmetry, are really out there,
Гары Кліф: Шчыры дзякуй.
HC: Thank you very much.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Harry Cliff - Particle physicistHarry Cliff looks for answers to questions about the origins of the universe and the laws of nature.
Why you should listen
Harry Cliff works on the Large Hadron Collider at CERN and is a member of the LHCb collaboration, a large international team searching for signs of new particles and forces of nature in high-energy particle collisions. He is the Fellow of Modern Science at the Science Museum in London and curated their “Collider” exhibition as well as the more recent “Einstein’s Legacy”, which explores the scientific and cultural impact of Albert Einstein’s life and work.
Harry Cliff | Speaker | TED.com