ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Piff - Social psychologist
Paul Piff studies how social hierarchy, inequality and emotion shape relations between individuals and groups.

Why you should listen

Paul Piff is an Assistant Professor of Psychology and Social Behavior at the University of California, Irvine.​ In particular, he studies how wealth (having it or not having it) can affect interpersonal relationships.

His surprising studies include running rigged games of Monopoly, tracking how those who drive expensive cars behave versus those driving less expensive vehicles and even determining that rich people are literally more likely to take candy from children than the less well-off. The results often don't paint a pretty picture about the motivating forces of wealth. He writes, "specifically, I have been finding that increased wealth and status in society lead to increased self-focus and, in turn, decreased compassion, altruism, and ethical behavior."

More profile about the speaker
Paul Piff | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxMarin

Paul Piff: Does money make you mean?

Paul Piff: Da li vas novac cini losom osobom?

Filmed:
3,568,059 views

Nevjerovatno sta sve moze otkriti namjestena igra monopola. U zabavnom razgovoru koji otvara oci, drustveni psiholog Paul Piff dijeli sa nama svoje istrazivanje o tome kako se ljudi ponasaju kada se osjecaju bogati. (Natuknica: lose.) Ali dok je problem nejednakosti slozen i obeshrabrujuci izazov, ipak postoji i dobra strana svega. (Snimio TEDxMarin)
- Social psychologist
Paul Piff studies how social hierarchy, inequality and emotion shape relations between individuals and groups. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I want you to, for a momentmomenat,
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Zelim da na trenutak
00:14
think about playingigranje a gameigra of MonopolyMonopol,
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zamislite igru monopola,
00:18
exceptosim in this gameigra, that combinationkombinacija
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u kojoj su kombinacija
00:21
of skillveština, talenttalent and lucksreća
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vjestine, talenta i srece,
00:24
that help earnzaraditi you successuspeh in gamesigre, as in life,
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koji inace, kao i u zivotu, znace pobjedu,
00:26
has been rendereddonesena irrelevantirelevantno,
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ucinjeni beznacajnim,
00:28
because this game'sigra je been riggedopremljena,
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zato sto je igra namjestena,
00:30
and you've got the uppergornji handruka.
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a vi imate prednost.
00:32
You've got more moneynovac,
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Imate vise novaca,
00:34
more opportunitiesmogućnosti to movekretati se around the boardboard,
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vise mogucnosti da se krecete po tabli,
00:36
and more accesspristup to resourcesresurse.
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i pristup vecem broju sredstava.
00:39
And as you think about that experienceiskustvo,
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I dok razmisljate o ovom iskustvu,
00:40
I want you to askpitajte yourselfsami,
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zelim da se zapitate
00:43
how mightMožda that experienceiskustvo of beingbiće
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kako bi to iskustvo
00:44
a privilegedprivilegovan playerplayer in a riggedopremljena gameigra
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privilegovanog igraca u namjestenoj igri
00:48
changepromjena the way that you think about yourselfsami
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uticalo na vase misljenje o sebi
00:50
and regardpogled that other playerplayer?
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i na nacin kako se odnosite prema drugom igracu?
00:54
So we rantrčao a studystudija on the U.C. BerkeleyBerkeley campuskampus
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Mi na U.C. Berkley kampusu smo pokrenuli studiju
00:57
to look at exactlyupravo that questionpitanje.
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koja se bavi upravo ovim pitanjem.
01:00
We broughtdoveden in more than 100 pairsparovi
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Doveli smo u laboratorij
01:01
of strangersstranci into the lablab,
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vise od 100 parova stranaca,
01:04
and with the flipflip of a coinnovčić
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i bacanjem novcica
01:06
randomlyslučajno assigneddodijeljen one of the two
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nasumice odredili jednog u svakom paru
01:08
to be a richbogat playerplayer in a riggedopremljena gameigra.
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da bude bogati igrac u namjestenoj igri.
01:10
They got two timesputa as much moneynovac.
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Oni su dobili dvostruko vise novaca.
01:13
When they passedprošao Go,
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Kada bi prosli KRENI,
01:14
they collectedprikupljeni twicedva puta the salaryplata,
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dobili bi dvostruku placu,
01:17
and they got to rollroll bothoboje dicekocke insteadumjesto toga of one,
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a i bili su u mogucnosti da bacaju
obadvije kockice a ne samo jednu,
01:19
so they got to movekretati se around the boardboard a lot more.
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tako da su se mnogo vise kretali po tabli.
01:20
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
01:23
And over the coursekurs of 15 minutesminuta,
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Tokom 15 minuta,
01:25
we watchedgledali throughkroz hiddenskriveno
cameraskamere what happeneddogodilo se.
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sa skrivenim kamerama smo posmatrali sta se desavalo.
01:29
And what I want to do todaydanas, for the first time,
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Danas zelim po prvi put
01:30
is showshow you a little bitbit of what we saw.
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da vam pokazem malo od onoga sto smo vidjeli.
01:33
You're going to have to pardonpomilovanje the soundzvuk qualitykvaliteta,
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Unaprijed se izvinjavam na kvaliteti zvuka,
01:34
in some casespredmeti, because again,
these were hiddenskriveno cameraskamere.
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u nekim trenucima, jer su u pitanju skrivene kamere.
01:37
So we'vemi smo providedobezbeđeni subtitlesTitlovi.
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Zbog toga smo obezbijedili titl.
01:39
RichBogati PlayerIgrač: How manymnogi 500s did you have?
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Bogati igrac: Koliko ste novcanica od 500 imali?
01:41
PoorJadni PlayerIgrač: Just one.
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Siromasni igrac: Samo jednu.
01:42
RichBogati PlayerIgrač: Are you seriousozbiljan.
PoorJadni PlayerIgrač: Yeah.
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Bogati igrac: Ozbiljno?
Siromasni igrac: Da.
01:43
RichBogati PlayerIgrač: I have threetri. (LaughsSmijeh)
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Bogati igrac: Ja imam tri. (Smije se)
01:45
I don't know why they gavedala me so much.
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Ne znam zasto su mi dali tako mnogo.
01:47
PaulPaul PiffPiff: Okay, so it was quicklybrzo apparentprividni to playersigrači
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Paul Piff: Ok, igraci su brzo shvatili
01:49
that something was up.
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da se tu nesto krije.
01:50
One personosoba clearlyjasno has a lot more moneynovac
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Jedna osoba ocito ima mnogo vise novaca
01:52
than the other personosoba, and yetjoš uvek,
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od druge osobe, ali ipak,
01:54
as the gameigra unfoldedodvijao,
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kako se igra razvija,
01:56
we saw very notableznačajan differencesrazlike
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uocili smo primjetne razlike
01:58
and dramaticdramaticno differencesrazlike beginzapočeti to emergepojaviti se
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dramaticne razlike izlaze na povrsinu
02:01
betweenizmeđu the two playersigrači.
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izmedu dva igraca.
02:03
The richbogat playerplayer
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Bogati igrac
02:05
startedzapočet to movekretati se around the boardboard louderglasnije,
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se poceo kretati po tabli mnogo glasnije,
02:07
literallybukvalno smackingSmacking the boardboard with theirnjihova piecekomad
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lupajuci figuricama po tabli
02:09
as he wentotišao around.
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dok se kretao.
02:12
We were more likelyvjerovatno to see signsznaci of dominancedominantnost
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Uocili smo vise znakova dominacije
02:15
and nonverbalneverbalna signsznaci,
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i neverbalnih znakova,
02:16
displaysdispleji of powermoć
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iskazivanja moci
02:19
and celebrationproslava amongmeđu the richbogat playersigrači.
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i veselja medu bogatim igracima.
02:23
We had a bowlposuda of pretzelspereci
positionedpozicionirani off to the sidestrana.
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Postavili smo zdjelu pereca
vise na jednu stranu.
02:25
It's on the bottomdno right cornerugao there.
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U donjem desnom uglu.
02:27
That alloweddozvoljeno us to watch
participants'Sudionici' consummatoryconsummatory behaviorponašanje.
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To nam je omogucilo da posmatramo
konzumaciju ucesnika.
02:31
So we're just trackingpraćenje how
manymnogi pretzelspereci participantsučesnici eatjesti.
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Pratimo koliko pereca ucesnici jedu.
02:35
RichBogati PlayerIgrač: Are those pretzelspereci a tricktrik?
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Bogati igrac: Jesu li perece dio trika?
02:37
PoorJadni PlayerIgrač: I don't know.
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Siromasni igrac: Ne znam.
02:39
PPPP: Okay, so no surprisesiznenađenja, people are ontona us.
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PP: Ok, nisam iznenaden da su nas otkrili.
02:42
They wonderčudno what that bowlposuda of pretzelspereci
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Pitaju se sta ta zdjela pereca
02:44
is doing there in the first placemesto.
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uopste trazi tu.
02:45
One even askspita, like you just saw,
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Jedan je cak i upitao, kao sto ste upravo vidjeli,
02:47
is that bowlposuda of pretzelspereci there as a tricktrik?
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da li je ta zdjela pereca dio trika?
02:50
And yetjoš uvek, despiteuprkos tome that, the powermoć of the situationsituacija
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Ipak, uprkos tome, cini se da
02:53
seemsizgleda to inevitablyneizbežno dominatedominiraju,
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snaga same situacije neizbjezno dominira,
02:56
and those richbogat playersigrači startpočnite to eatjesti more pretzelspereci.
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i bogati igraci pocinju da jedu vise pereca.
03:03
RichBogati PlayerIgrač: I love pretzelspereci.
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Bogati igrac: Volim perece.
03:06
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
03:09
PPPP: And as the gameigra wentotišao on,
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PP: I kako se igra razvijala,
03:12
one of the really interestingzanimljivo and dramaticdramaticno patternsobrasci
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jedan veoma interesantan i dramatican sablon
03:14
that we observedprimećeno beginzapočeti to emergepojaviti se
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koji smo posmatrali je poceo da se pojavljuje
03:17
was that the richbogat playersigrači actuallyzapravo
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a to je da su bogati igraci
03:19
startedzapočet to becomepostati ruderruđer towardka the other personosoba,
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postali neuctivi prema drugoj osobi,
03:22
lessmanje and lessmanje sensitiveosetljiv to the plightstanje
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sve manje osjetljivi na nepriliku
03:24
of those poorsiromašno, poorsiromašno playersigrači,
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ovih jadnih, siromasnih igraca,
03:26
and more and more demonstrativepokazne zamjenice
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i da sve vise pokazuju
03:28
of theirnjihova materialmaterijal successuspeh,
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svoj materijalni uspijeh,
03:30
more likelyvjerovatno to showcaseizlog how well they're doing.
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cesce su pokazivali kako im dobro ide.
03:35
RichBogati PlayerIgrač: I have moneynovac for everything.
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Bogati igrac: Imam novaca za sve.
03:39
PoorJadni PlayerIgrač: How much is that?
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Siromasni igrac: Koliko je to?
03:41
RichBogati PlayerIgrač: You oweDuguj me 24 dollarsdolara.
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Bogati igrac: Dugujes mi 24 dolara.
03:45
You're going to losegube all your moneynovac soonuskoro.
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Izgubit ces sav novac.
03:48
I'll buykupiti it. I have so much moneynovac.
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Kupicu to. Imam puno novaca.
03:50
I have so much moneynovac, it takes me foreverzauvek.
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Imam toliko novaca da ce mi trebati vjecnost.
03:52
RichBogati PlayerIgrač 2: I'm going to buykupiti out this wholecjelina boardboard.
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Bogati igrac 2: Kupit cu cijelu tablu.
03:54
RichBogati PlayerIgrač 3: You're going
to runtrči out of moneynovac soonuskoro.
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Bogati igrac 3: Uskoro ces
potrositi sav novac.
03:55
I'm prettylepo much untouchablenedodirljiv at this pointtačka.
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Poprilicno sam nedodirljiv sad.
03:58
PPPP: Okay, and here'sevo what I think
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PP: Ok, i evo sta ja mislim
04:01
was really, really interestingzanimljivo,
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da je stvarno interesantno
04:02
is that at the endkraj of the 15 minutesminuta,
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to sto smo nakon 15 minuta igranja,
04:06
we askedpitan the playersigrači to talk about
theirnjihova experienceiskustvo duringtokom the gameigra.
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pitali igrace da nam
opisu svoje iskustvo u igri.
04:10
And when the richbogat playersigrači talkedpričao about
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Kada su bogati igraci pricali o tome
04:12
why they had inevitablyneizbežno wonpobedio
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sta su neizbjezno osvojili
04:14
in this riggedopremljena gameigra of MonopolyMonopol --
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u namjestenoj igri monopola --
04:16
(LaughterSmijeh) —
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(Smijeh)--
04:21
they talkedpričao about what they'doni bi donezavršeno
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o tome sta su sve ucinili da
04:24
to buykupiti those differentdrugačiji propertiessvojstva
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kupe razne posjede
04:27
and earnzaraditi theirnjihova successuspeh in the gameigra,
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i zasluze uspijeh u igri,
04:30
and they becamepostao fardaleko lessmanje attunedusklađeni
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postali su mnogo manje svjesni
04:32
to all those differentdrugačiji featureskarakteristike of the situationsituacija,
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svih onih cimbenika situacije,
04:35
includinguključujući that flipflip of a coinnovčić
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ukljucujuci bacanje novcica
04:38
that had randomlyslučajno gottengotten them into
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koje ih je nasumice dovelo u
04:40
that privilegedprivilegovan positionpozicija in the first placemesto.
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privilegovan polozaj.
04:43
And that's a really, really incrediblenevjerovatno insightuvid
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A to je stvarno nevjerovatan uvid
04:46
into how the mindum makespravi sensesmisao of advantageprednost.
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u to kako um dozivljava prednost.
04:51
Now this gameigra of MonopolyMonopol can be used
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Ova igra monopola se moze koristiti
04:54
as a metaphormetafora for understandingrazumevanje societydruštvo
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kao metafora za razumijevanje drustva
04:56
and its hierarchicalHijerarhijski structurestruktura, whereingde some people
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njegove hijerarhijske strukture, u kojoj neki ljudi
05:00
have a lot of wealthbogatstvo and a lot of statusstatus,
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imaju mnogo bogastva i statusa,
05:02
and a lot of people don't.
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a mnogi ljudi nemaju.
05:04
They have a lot lessmanje wealthbogatstvo and a lot lessmanje statusstatus
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Oni imaju knogo manje bogastva i statusa
05:07
and a lot lessmanje accesspristup to valuedvrednovan resourcesresurse.
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i mnogo manje pristupa vrijednim materijalnim izvorima.
05:10
And what my colleagueskolege and I for
the last sevensedam yearsgodine have been doing
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Ono sto smo moje kolege i ja
u zadnjih sedam godina radili
05:13
is studyingstudiranje the effectsefekti of these kindsvrste of hierarchieshijerarhija.
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je izucavanje efekata ovakvih hijerarhija.
05:17
What we'vemi smo been findingpronalaženje acrosspreko dozensdesetine of studiesstudije
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Ono sto smo saznali kroz nekoliko desetina studija
05:20
and thousandshiljade of participantsučesnici acrosspreko this countryzemlju
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i na hiljade ucesnika sirom drzave
05:24
is that as a person'sosoba levelsnivoa of wealthbogatstvo increasepovećati,
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je to da kako se osobno bogastvo uvecava,
05:28
theirnjihova feelingsosjecanja of compassionsaosećanje and empathyempatija go down,
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osjecaj za suosjecanje i empatiju se smanjuje,
05:34
and theirnjihova feelingsosjecanja of entitlementpravo, of deservingnessdeservingness,
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a da se osjecaj na pravo zasluge,
05:38
and theirnjihova ideologyideologija of self-interestlični interes increasespovećava.
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i ideologija samointeresa povecavaju.
05:43
In surveysankete, we foundpronađeno that it's actuallyzapravo
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Saznali smo u istrazivanjima da
05:45
wealthierbogatije individualspojedinci who are more likelyvjerovatno
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bogatije individue mnogo cesce
05:47
to moralizemoralizirati greedpohlepa beingbiće good,
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moralizuju pohlepu kao nesto dobro,
05:50
and that the pursuittežnja of self-interestlični interes
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i da teznja za vlastitim interesom
05:52
is favorablepovoljan and moralmoralno.
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je dobra i moralna.
05:54
Now what I want to do todaydanas is talk about
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A sada zelim da razgovaramo o
05:56
some of the implicationsimplikacije
of this ideologyideologija self-interestlični interes,
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nekim implikacijama
ideologije vlastitog interesa,
06:01
talk about why we should
carenegu about those implicationsimplikacije,
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da razgovaramo zasto bismo trebali
brinuti o tim implikacijama,
06:03
and endkraj with what mightMožda be donezavršeno.
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i zakljuciti sta bi se moglo uciniti.
06:07
Some of the first studiesstudije that we rantrčao in this areapodručje
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Neke od prvih studija koje smo izveli u ovom polju
06:09
lookedpogledao at helpingpomažući behaviorponašanje,
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bavila se pomazucim ponasanjem
06:10
something socialsocijalno psychologistspsiholozi call
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ili kako ga nazivaju psiholozi
06:13
pro-socialkorist društva behaviorponašanje.
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prosocijalnim ponasanjem.
06:15
And we were really interestedzainteresovan in who'sko je more likelyvjerovatno
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Bili smo veoma zainteresovani tko ce prije
06:17
to offerponuda help to anotherdrugi personosoba,
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ponuditi pomoc drugoj osobi,
06:20
someoneneko who'sko je richbogat or someoneneko who'sko je poorsiromašno.
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netko bogat ili netko siromasan.
06:23
In one of the studiesstudije, we bringdonijeti in richbogat and poorsiromašno
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U jednoj studiji smo u laboratorij doveli
06:27
membersčlanovi of the communityzajednica into the lablab
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clanove bogatih i siromasnih zajednica
06:30
and give eachsvaki of them the equivalentekvivalentno of 10 dollarsdolara.
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i svakom ponaosob dali vrijednost jednaku 10 dolara.
06:33
We told the participantsučesnici
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Zatim smo im rekli
06:35
that they could keep these 10 dollarsdolara for themselvessami,
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da tih 10 dolara mogu zadrzati za sebe,
06:37
or they could sharepodeliti a portiondeo of it,
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ili dio podijeliti,
06:39
if they wanted to, with a strangerstranac
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ako to zele, sa nepoznatom osobom
06:41
who is totallytotalno anonymousanoniman.
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koja potpuno anonimna.
06:43
They'llOni će never meetupoznaj that strangerstranac and
the strangerstranac will never meetupoznaj them.
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Nece nikada upoznati tu osobu
niti ce ta osoba upoznati njih.
06:46
And we just monitormonitor how much people give.
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A zatim smo promatrali koliko je ljudi dalo.
06:49
IndividualsPojedinci who madenapravljen 25,000 sometimesponekad
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Osobe koje su zaradivale izmedu
06:51
underispod 15,000 dollarsdolara a yeargodina,
153
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2327
15,000 i 20,000 dolara godisnje,
06:54
gavedala 44 percentprocenta more of theirnjihova moneynovac
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za 44% su davale vise novaca
06:56
to the strangerstranac
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strancima
06:57
than did individualspojedinci makingstvaranje 150,000
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nego osobe koje su zaradivale izmedu 150,000
06:59
or 200,000 dollarsdolara a yeargodina.
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i 200,000 dolara godisnje.
07:02
We'veMoramo had people playigraj gamesigre
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Znali smo davati ljudima da se igraju
07:05
to see who'sko je more or lessmanje likelyvjerovatno to cheatvarati
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kako bismo vidjeli tko cesce vara
07:08
to increasepovećati theirnjihova chancesšanse of winningpobjeda a prizenagrada.
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kako bi poboljsao sanse za nagradu.
07:10
In one of the gamesigre, we actuallyzapravo riggedopremljena a computerkompjuter
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U jednoj od igara smo cak i namjestili racunar
07:13
so that dieumri rollsrolne over a certainsigurno scorerezultat
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tako da bacanje kockica preko odredenog iznosa
07:16
were impossiblenemoguće.
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nije bilo moguce.
07:17
You couldn'tnije mogao get abovegore 12 in this gameigra,
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Niste mogli dobiti vise od 12 u igri,
07:20
and yetjoš uvek, the richerbogatiji you were,
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a ipak, sto ste bogatiji,
07:23
the more likelyvjerovatno you were to cheatvarati in this gameigra
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veca je bila vjerovatnost da cete varati
07:25
to earnzaraditi creditskredita towardka a $50 cashgotovina prizenagrada,
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kako biste dobili nagradu od $50,
07:29
sometimesponekad by threetri to fourčetiri timesputa as much.
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negada cak i tri-cetri puta vise.
07:32
We rantrčao anotherdrugi studystudija where we lookedpogledao at whetherbilo da
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U drugoj studiji smo izucavali da li su
07:35
people would be inclinedkos to take candybombone
170
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3223
ljudi vise naklonjeni uzimanju slatkisa
07:38
from a jarjar of candybombone that we explicitlyeksplicitno identifiedidentifikovane
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iz posude na kojoj jasno pise
07:40
as beingbiće reservedrezervirana for childrendjeca --
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da je rezervisana za djecu --
07:43
(LaughterSmijeh) —
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(smijeh) --
07:46
participatingučestvuje -- I'm not kiddingšalim se.
174
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1841
koja ucestvuju -- ne salim se.
07:48
I know it soundszvuci like I'm makingstvaranje a jokešala.
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2729
Znam da zvuci kao da vam pricam vic.
07:51
We explicitlyeksplicitno told participantsučesnici
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Jasno smo rekli ucesnicima
07:53
this jarjar of candy'sCandy for childrendjeca participatingučestvuje
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da je posuda sa slatkisima za djecu koja ucestvuju
07:55
in a developmentalRazvojni lablab nearbyu blizini.
178
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u razvojnom laboratoriju u blizini.
07:57
They're in studiesstudije. This is for them.
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Trenutno su na casu. ovo je za njih.
07:59
And we just monitoredprati how
much candybombone participantsučesnici tookuzela.
180
467698
3643
A onda smo posmatrali koliko
slatkisa su ucesnici uzeli.
08:03
ParticipantsSudionici who feltosećao se richbogat
181
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1513
Oni koji su se osjecali bogatima
08:04
tookuzela two timesputa as much candybombone
182
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1405
su uzeli duplo vise slatkisa
08:06
as participantsučesnici who feltosećao se poorsiromašno.
183
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3149
od ucesnika koji su se osjecali siromasnima.
08:09
We'veMoramo even studiedproučavao carsautomobili,
184
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2653
Cak smo izucavali i automobile,
08:12
not just any carsautomobili,
185
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1862
i to ne bilo koje,
08:13
but whetherbilo da driversupravljački programi of differentdrugačiji kindsvrste of carsautomobili
186
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3071
nego da li su vozaci
razlicitih vrsta automobila
08:16
are more or lessmanje inclinedkos to breakpauza the lawzakon.
187
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3103
vise ili manje nastrojeni krsenju zakona.
08:20
In one of these studiesstudije, we lookedpogledao at
188
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2837
U jednoj od ovih studija,
posmatrali smo
08:22
whetherbilo da driversupravljački programi would stop for a pedestrianpešak
189
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da li se vozaci
zaustavljaju pjesacima
08:27
that we had posedpozirala waitingčeka to crosskrst at a crosswalkpješački prijelaz.
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koje smo postavili da
cekaju na pjesackom prijelazu.
08:29
Now in CaliforniaCalifornia, as you all know,
191
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1744
U Kaliforniji,
kao sto svi znamo,
08:31
because I'm sure we all do this,
192
499733
2524
i svi tako i postupamo,
08:34
it's the lawzakon to stop for a pedestrianpešak
who'sko je waitingčeka to crosskrst.
193
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3928
po zakonu je obavezno propustiti pjesaka
koji ceka na pjesackom.
08:38
So here'sevo an exampleprimer of how we did it.
194
506185
1932
Evo primjera kako smo ovo izveli.
08:40
That's our confederateKonfederacije off to the left
195
508117
2116
Ovo je nas saucesnik
sa lijeve strane
08:42
posingpozira as a pedestrianpešak.
196
510233
1589
u ulozi pjesaka.
08:43
He approachespristupa as the redcrvena truckkamion successfullyuspešno stopszaustavlja.
197
511822
4251
Kada se priblizio,
crveni kamio se uspjesno zaustavio.
08:48
In typicaltipično CaliforniaCalifornia fashionmoda, it's overtakenzatekne
198
516073
2318
A na tipican Kalifornijski nacin,
pretekao ga je autobus
08:50
by the busautobus who almostgotovo runstrči our pedestrianpešak over.
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2337
koji je umalo pregazio pjesaka.
08:52
(LaughterSmijeh)
200
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1556
(Smijeh)
08:54
Now here'sevo an exampleprimer of a more expensiveskupo carauto,
201
522284
1867
A sada evo primjer sa
mnogo skupljim automobilom
08:56
a PriusPrius, drivingvožnja throughkroz,
202
524151
1738
Prius, koji prolazi,
08:57
and a BMWBMW doing the sameisto.
203
525889
4308
BMW takoder.
09:03
So we did this for hundredsstotine of vehiclesvozila
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2499
Ucinili smo ovo sa stotinom vozila
09:05
on severalnekoliko daysdana,
205
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2356
tokom nekoliko dana,
09:08
just trackingpraćenje who stopszaustavlja and who doesn't.
206
536243
2952
prateci tko se zaustavlja
a tko ne.
09:12
What we foundpronađeno was that as the expensivenessexpensiveness
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540466
2194
Uocili smo da se vozaceva tendencija za
09:14
of a carauto increasedpovećan,
208
542660
4300
krsenjem zakona povecava,
09:18
the driver'svozaču tendenciestendencije to breakpauza the lawzakon
209
546960
1884
povecava se i
09:20
increasedpovećan as well.
210
548844
1244
cijena automobila.
09:22
NoneNijedna of the carsautomobili, nonenema of the carsautomobili
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2692
N jedan automobil, ni jedan
09:24
in our leastnajmanje expensiveskupo carauto categorykategorija
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3300
u nasoj kategoriji najjeftinijih vozila
09:28
brokeslomio the lawzakon.
213
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1565
nije prekrsio zakon.
09:29
CloseZatvori to 50 percentprocenta of the carsautomobili
214
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2393
Skoro 50 posto vozila
09:32
in our mostnajviše expensiveskupo vehiclevozilo categorykategorija
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2408
u nasoj najskupljoj kategoriji vozila
09:34
brokeslomio the lawzakon.
216
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2843
je prekrsilo zakon.
09:37
We'veMoramo runtrči other studiesstudije findingpronalaženje that
217
565289
1893
Vrsili smo druge studije i saznali da
09:39
wealthierbogatije individualspojedinci are more
likelyvjerovatno to lielaži in negotiationspregovori,
218
567182
3551
imucnije osobe mnogo cesce
lazu u pregovorima,
09:42
to endorseodobrava unethicalneetično behaviorponašanje at work
219
570733
2090
odobravaju neeticko ponasanje na poslu
09:44
like stealingKrađa cashgotovina from the cashgotovina registerregistrujte se,
220
572823
2608
poput krede novca iz kase,
09:47
takinguzimajući bribesmito, lyinglaganje to customerskupci.
221
575431
5083
uzimanja mita, laganja musterija.
09:52
Now I don't mean to suggestpredlažem
222
580514
1562
Ne zelim sugerisati
09:54
that it's only wealthybogati people
223
582076
1703
da samo imucni ljudi
09:55
who showshow these patternsobrasci of behaviorponašanje.
224
583779
1912
pokazuju ovakvo ponasanje.
09:57
Not at all. In factčinjenica, I think that we all,
225
585691
2769
Niposto. Ustvari, mislim dase svi mi,
10:00
in our day-to-dayDan za danom, minute-by-minuteminute u minutu livesživi,
226
588460
2964
u nasim svakidasnjim zivotima
iz minute u minutu,
10:03
struggleborba with these competingtakmičenje motivationsmotivacije
227
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2972
borimo sa ovim dvostrukim motivacijama
10:06
of when, or if, to put our ownvlastiti interestsinteresa
228
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3297
kada i da li da stavimo vlastiti interes
10:09
abovegore the interestsinteresa of other people.
229
597693
2354
ispred interesa drugih ljudi.
10:12
And that's understandablerazumljivo because
230
600047
2382
A to je razumljivo zato sto
10:14
the AmericanAmerički dreamsan is an ideaideja
231
602429
2563
je Americki san jedna ideja
10:16
in whichšto we all have an equaljednak opportunityprilika
232
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3099
u kojoj svi mi imamo jednaku priliku
10:20
to succeeduspjeti and prosperprosperirati,
233
608091
2034
da uspijemo i napredujemo,
10:22
as long as we applyprimijeniti ourselvessami and work hardteško,
234
610125
2557
sve dok se potpuno unesemo u to
i vrijedno radimo,
10:24
and a piecekomad of that meansznači that sometimesponekad,
235
612682
2704
a dio toga znaci i da ponekad,
10:27
you need to put your ownvlastiti interestsinteresa
236
615386
3099
vlastiti interesi dolazi ispred
10:30
abovegore the interestsinteresa and well-beingblagostanje
of other people around you.
237
618485
3430
interesa i dobrobiti
ljudi oko vas.
10:33
But what we're findingpronalaženje is that,
238
621915
2169
Nase saznanje je da
10:36
the wealthierbogatije you are, the more likelyvjerovatno you are
239
624084
2408
sto ste imucniji, veca je mogucnost
10:38
to pursuenastaviti a visionvizija of personallični successuspeh,
240
626492
2715
da cete ici za vizijom
vlastitog uspjeha,
10:41
of achievementpostignuće and accomplishmentdostignuća,
241
629207
2235
dostignuca i podviga,
10:43
to the detrimentšteta of othersdrugi around you.
242
631442
3348
na stetu onih oko vas.
10:46
Here I've plottednacrtane for you the mean householddomaćinstvo incomeprihod
243
634790
2764
Ovo je graf prosjecnog
kucnog budeta
10:49
receivedprimljen by eachsvaki fifthpeti and topvrh
fivepet percentprocenta of the populationstanovništvo
244
637554
3616
kojeg posjeduje svaki peti budet
i 5% populacije
10:53
over the last 20 yearsgodine.
245
641170
2170
u zadnjih 20 godina.
10:55
In 1993, the differencesrazlike betweenizmeđu the differentdrugačiji
246
643340
2542
U 1993, razlika izmedu razlicitih
10:57
quintilesquintiles of the populationstanovništvo, in termsuslovi of incomeprihod,
247
645882
3085
kvintila populacije, kada je
dohodak u pitanju,
11:00
are fairlypošteno egregiousegregious.
248
648967
2597
su jednostavno necuvene.
11:03
It's not difficultteško to discernrazabrati that there are differencesrazlike.
249
651564
2597
Nije tesko uvidjeti razlike.
11:06
But over the last 20 yearsgodine, that significantznačajno differencerazlika
250
654161
2884
Ali tokom 20 godina,
te znacajne razlike
11:09
has becomepostati a grandgrand canyonkanjon of sortssorts
251
657045
2174
su postale veliki kanjon izmedu
11:11
betweenizmeđu those at the topvrh and everyonesvi elsedrugo.
252
659219
3154
onih na vrhu i svih ostalih.
11:14
In factčinjenica, the topvrh 20 percentprocenta of our populationstanovništvo
253
662373
3692
Ustvari, 20% populacije na vrhu
11:18
ownvlastiti closezatvori to 90 percentprocenta of the
totalukupno wealthbogatstvo in this countryzemlju.
254
666065
3078
posjeduju 90% ukupnog
bogastva ove drzave.
11:21
We're at unprecedentedbez presedana levelsnivoa
255
669143
2259
To je novi ekonomske nejednakosti
11:23
of economicekonomski inequalitynejednakost.
256
671402
2488
bez presedana.
11:27
What that meansznači is that wealthbogatstvo is not only becomingpostajanje
257
675634
2336
To znaci da bogatstvo ne samo
da sve vise postaje
11:29
increasinglysve više concentratedkoncentrirano in the handsruke
of a selectizaberite groupgrupa of individualspojedinci,
258
677970
4480
koncentrisano u rukama
male grupe ljudi,
11:34
but the AmericanAmerički dreamsan is becomingpostajanje
259
682450
2384
nego i da Americki san sve vise
11:36
increasinglysve više unattainablenedostižna
260
684834
1948
postaje nedostizan
11:38
for an increasingpovećava se majorityvećina of us.
261
686782
3193
za vecinu nas.
11:41
And if it's the caseslučaj, as we'vemi smo been findingpronalaženje,
262
689975
2267
I ako je to slucaj, kao sto smo saznali,
11:44
that the wealthierbogatije you are,
263
692242
1995
da sto ste bogatiji,
11:46
the more entitledima pravo you feel to that wealthbogatstvo,
264
694237
2542
vise osjecate pravo na to bogastvo,
11:48
and the more likelyvjerovatno you are
to prioritizeprioritet your ownvlastiti interestsinteresa
265
696779
2993
vise stavljate vlastite interese
11:51
abovegore the interestsinteresa of other people,
266
699772
1967
ispred interesa drugih ljudi,
11:53
and be willingspremni to do things to servesluži that self-interestlični interes,
267
701739
3390
i voljni ste da cinite stvari koje
sluze sopstvenom interesu,
11:57
well then there's no reasonrazlog to think
268
705129
1734
onda nema razloga nemisliti
11:58
that those patternsobrasci will changepromjena.
269
706863
2098
da ce sve postati samo jos gore,
12:00
In factčinjenica, there's everysvaki reasonrazlog to think
270
708961
1543
i evo kako bi izgledalo to
ako se nista ne promijeni,
12:02
that they'lloni će only get worselošije,
271
710504
1983
12:04
and that's what it would look like
if things just stayedostao the sameisto,
272
712487
2847
u narednih 20 godina.
12:07
at the sameisto linearlinearno ratestopa, over the nextsledeći 20 yearsgodine.
273
715334
4627
Nejednakost, ekonomska nejednakost,
12:11
Now, inequalitynejednakost, economicekonomski inequalitynejednakost,
274
719961
2721
12:14
is something we should all be concernedzabrinuti about,
275
722682
1924
je nesto sto bi nas sve trebalo zabrinuti,
12:16
and not just because of those at the bottomdno
276
724606
2529
i ne samo zbog onih koji su na dnu
12:19
of the socialsocijalno hierarchyhijerarhija,
277
727135
1514
drustvene ljestvice
12:20
but because individualspojedinci and groupsgrupe
278
728649
2240
vec i zato sto osobe i grupe
12:22
with lots of economicekonomski inequalitynejednakost do worselošije,
279
730889
5200
sa puno ekonomske nejednakosti
prolaze losije,
12:28
not just the people at the bottomdno, everyonesvi.
280
736089
2839
i to ne samo oni na dnu, nego svi.
12:30
There's a lot of really compellinguvjerljiv researchistraživanje
281
738928
2127
Postoje mnoga hvale vrijedna istrazivanja
12:33
comingdolaze out from topvrh labslaboratorije all over the worldsvet
282
741055
2592
najboljih centara sirom svijeta
12:35
showcasingpokazuju the rangeopseg of things
283
743647
2888
koje pokazuju dijapazon stvari
12:38
that are underminedDovedena u pitanje
284
746535
1889
koje se zanemaruju
12:40
as economicekonomski inequalitynejednakost getsdobiva worselošije.
285
748424
2640
sto je ekonomska nejednakost veca.
12:43
SocialSocijalne mobilitymobilnost, things we really carenegu about,
286
751064
2653
Drustvena kretanja, stvari do kojih
nam je stvarno stalo,
12:45
physicalfizički healthzdravlje, socialsocijalno trustpoverenje,
287
753717
2481
fizicko zdravlje, drustveno povjerenje,
12:48
all go down as inequalitynejednakost goeside up.
288
756198
3045
sve opada sto je nejednakost veca,
12:51
SimilarlyNa sličan način, negativenegativan things
289
759243
2015
Slicno tome, negativne stvari
12:53
in socialsocijalno collectiveskolektiva and societiesdruštva,
290
761258
2612
u drustvenim kolektivima i zajednicama,
12:55
things like obesitygojaznost, and violencenasilje,
291
763870
2094
poput pretilosti, nasilja,
12:57
imprisonmentkazna zatvora, and punishmentkazna,
292
765964
1621
zatvora i kazni,
12:59
are exacerbatedpogoršana as economicekonomski inequalitynejednakost increasespovećava.
293
767585
4142
se pogorsavaju sa povecanjem
ekonomske nejednakosti.
13:03
Again, these are outcomesishodi not just experiencediskusan
294
771727
2410
Ponavljam, ovo nisu zakljucci rezultata
13:06
by a fewnekoliko, but that resoundodjekuju
295
774137
2061
samo iz pojedinih zajednica
13:08
acrosspreko all strataslojeva of societydruštvo.
296
776198
2601
vec iz svih slojeva drustva.
13:10
Even people at the topvrh experienceiskustvo these outcomesishodi.
297
778799
3116
Cak i ljudi na vrhu prolaze kroz isto.
13:13
So what do we do?
298
781915
3243
Pa sta odna da cinimo?
13:17
This cascadeKaskadno of self-perpetuatingSamo-stalno ponavljanje,
299
785158
3471
Ova kaskada samoodrzivih,
13:20
perniciouspogubno, negativenegativan effectsefekti
300
788629
2508
ubitacnih, negativnih efekata
13:23
could seemizgleda like something that's spunpreden out of controlkontrola,
301
791137
3409
bi se mogli ciniti kao nesto
sto se otelo kontroli,
13:26
and there's nothing we can do about it,
302
794546
1918
i da se nista tu vise
ne moze uciniti,
13:28
certainlysvakako nothing we as individualspojedinci could do.
303
796464
2796
pogotovo niko ponaosob.
13:31
But in factčinjenica, we'vemi smo been findingpronalaženje
304
799260
3833
Ali mi smo u nasem istrazivanju saznali
13:35
in our ownvlastiti laboratorylaboratorija researchistraživanje
305
803093
3188
da male psiholoske intervencije,
13:38
that smallmali psychologicalpsihološki interventionsintervencije,
306
806281
5090
male promjene u ljudskim vrijednostima,
13:43
smallmali changespromjene to people'sljudi valuesvrijednosti,
307
811371
3309
13:46
smallmali nudgespomiče in certainsigurno directionsuputstva,
308
814680
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mala gurkanja u odredenom pravcu,
13:49
can restoreobnoviti levelsnivoa of egalitarianismegalitarizam and empathyempatija.
309
817903
3565
mogu popraviti nivo egalitarizma
i empatije.
13:53
For instanceprimer, remindingpodsjećajući people
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2052
Na primjer, podsjecajuci ljude
13:55
of the benefitskoristi of cooperationsaradnja,
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beneficijama suradnje,
13:57
or the advantagesprednosti of communityzajednica,
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ili prednostima zajednice,
14:00
causeuzrok wealthierbogatije individualspojedinci to be just as egalitarianDobro
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3935
podstice imucne ljude da budu
isto toliko egalitarni
14:04
as poorsiromašno people.
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kao i siromasni.
14:07
In one studystudija, we had people watch a briefkratko videovideo,
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U jednoj studiji, dali smo ljudima
da pogledaju kratak video,
oko 46 sekundi,
o siromastvu djece
14:10
just 46 secondssekunde long, about childhooddetinjstvo povertysiromaštvo
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838527
4361
sto je posluzilo kao podsjetnik
na potrebe drugih
14:14
that servedservirana as a reminderpodsjetnik of the needspotrebe of othersdrugi
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3050
14:17
in the worldsvet around them,
318
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2026
u svijetu oko njih,
14:19
and after watchinggleda that,
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2030
a nakon videa smo posmatrali,
14:21
we lookedpogledao at how willingspremni people were
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koliko su ljudi bili voljni
14:23
to offerponuda up theirnjihova ownvlastiti time to a strangerstranac
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3704
da svoje vrijeme ponude
nepoznatoj osobi
14:27
presentedpredstavljen to them in the lablab who was in distressnevolja.
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koju su upoznali u laboratoriji
i koja je bila u nevolji.
14:30
After watchinggleda this videovideo, an hoursat laterkasnije,
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Poslije gledanja videa,
sat kasnije,
14:34
richbogat people becamepostao just as generousvelikodušan
324
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2370
bogatasi su postali jednako darezljivi
14:36
of theirnjihova ownvlastiti time to help out this other personosoba,
325
864452
1959
sa svojim vremenom pomognu
ovu drugu osobu
14:38
a strangerstranac, as someoneneko who'sko je poorsiromašno,
326
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2705
neznanca, kao i siromasni,
14:41
suggestingsugerišući that these differencesrazlike are not
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sto sugerise da ove razlike nisu
14:43
innateurođeni or categoricalkategoričan,
328
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1883
urodene ili kategoricke,
14:45
but are so malleablekorelaciono
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1724
vec osjetljive i na
14:47
to slightblago changespromjene in people'sljudi valuesvrijednosti,
330
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1926
14:49
and little nudgespomiče of compassionsaosećanje
331
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2281
najmanje promjene u ljudskim vrijednostima,
14:51
and bumpsudarci of empathyempatija.
332
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na mala podsticanja na suosjecanje
14:53
And beyondšire the wallszidovi of our lablab,
333
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1556
i izlive empatije.
14:54
we're even beginningpočetak to see
signsznaci of changepromjena in societydruštvo.
334
882592
4030
A izvan zidova naseg laboratorija,
cak smo primjetili znakove
promjene u nasem drustvu.
14:58
BillBill GatesVrata, one of our nation'snacije wealthiestnajbogatijih individualspojedinci,
335
886622
3443
Bill Gates, jedan od najbogatijih
osoba u nasoj drzavi,
15:02
in his HarvardHarvard commencementpočetka speechgovor,
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1745
u svom pocetnom govoru na Hrvardu,
15:03
talkedpričao about the problemproblem facingsuočiti societydruštvo
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pricao je o problemu koje ceka drustvo
15:05
of inequalitynejednakost as beingbiće the mostnajviše dauntingzastrašujuće challengeizazov,
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3350
o nejednakosti kao o pocetnom izazovu,
15:09
and talkedpričao about what mustmora be donezavršeno to combatborba it,
339
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2596
kako se boriti protiv toga,
15:11
sayinggovoreći, "Humanity'sČovječanstvo je greatestnajveći advancesnapredovanja
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3235
rekavsi, "Najveci podvizi covjecanstva
15:15
are not in its discoveriesotkrića,
341
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1951
nisu nasa otkrica,
15:17
but in how those discoveriesotkrića are appliedprimijenjen
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3151
vec kako su ta otkrica iskoristena
15:20
to reducesmanjiti inequitynepravda."
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2814
za smanjenje nejednakosti."
15:23
And there's the GivingDavanje PledgeZalog,
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2003
A tu je i "Zavjet Darivanja",
15:25
in whichšto more than 100 of our nation'snacije
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2422
u kojem vese od 100 nabogatijih
15:27
wealthiestnajbogatijih individualspojedinci
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ljudi nase nacije
15:29
are pledgingobećavajući halfpola of theirnjihova fortunessreće to charitydobrotvorne svrhe.
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3914
zavjetuju pola svoga bogastva
dobrotvornim ustanovama.
A to je i pojava
15:33
And there's the emergencepojava
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1624
15:35
of dozensdesetine of grassrootsgrassroots movementspokreta,
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na desetine provincijalnih pokreta,
poput "Mi smo jedan procenat",
15:39
like We are the One PercentPosto,
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2303
"Generacija Resursa"
15:41
the ResourceResursa GenerationGeneracije,
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1864
15:43
or WealthBogatstvo for CommonZajednički Good,
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2121
"Bogastvo za Zajednicko Dobro",
15:45
in whichšto the mostnajviše privilegedprivilegovan
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2567
u kojima najprivilegovaniji
15:47
membersčlanovi of the populationstanovništvo,
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1825
clanovi nase populacije
15:49
membersčlanovi of the one percentprocenta and elsewherena drugim mestima,
355
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2756
clanovi tog jednog procenta i drugih,
15:52
people who are wealthybogati,
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1931
u kojima najprivilegovaniji
15:54
are usingkoristeći theirnjihova ownvlastiti economicekonomski resourcesresurse,
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3588
dijelovi populacije
clanovi toga jednog procenta i drugih organizacija,
15:57
adultsodrasli and youthmladi alikeslično, that's
what's mostnajviše strikingupečatljivo to me,
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945969
4029
16:01
leveragingutjecati theirnjihova ownvlastiti privilegeprivilegija,
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1649
ljudi koji su imucni,
16:03
theirnjihova ownvlastiti economicekonomski resourcesresurse,
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2071
svoje vlastite ekonomske resurse,
16:05
to combatborba inequalitynejednakost
361
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3027
i stari i madi
sto me je najvise iznenadilo
16:08
by advocatingzagovarajući for socialsocijalno policiespolitika,
362
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2910
poravnavanjem svojih privilegija,
16:11
changespromjene in socialsocijalno valuesvrijednosti,
363
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svojih ekonomskih resursa,
16:13
and changespromjene in people'sljudi behaviorponašanje,
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2374
bore se protiv nejednakosti
16:15
that work againstprotiv theirnjihova ownvlastiti economicekonomski interestsinteresa
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zagovaranjem socijalne politike
16:18
but that maymože ultimatelyna kraju restoreobnoviti the AmericanAmerički dreamsan.
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4273
ali koji ce mozda na kraju vratiti
sjaj Americkog sna.
promjene u drustvenim vrijednostima,
16:23
Thank you.
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2000
Hvala.
i promjene u ljudskom ponasanju,
16:25
(ApplausePljesak)
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4000
(Aplauz)
koje rade protiv njihovih ekonomskih interesa
Translated by Ema Bilbija Zulic
Reviewed by Samra Cebiric

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Piff - Social psychologist
Paul Piff studies how social hierarchy, inequality and emotion shape relations between individuals and groups.

Why you should listen

Paul Piff is an Assistant Professor of Psychology and Social Behavior at the University of California, Irvine.​ In particular, he studies how wealth (having it or not having it) can affect interpersonal relationships.

His surprising studies include running rigged games of Monopoly, tracking how those who drive expensive cars behave versus those driving less expensive vehicles and even determining that rich people are literally more likely to take candy from children than the less well-off. The results often don't paint a pretty picture about the motivating forces of wealth. He writes, "specifically, I have been finding that increased wealth and status in society lead to increased self-focus and, in turn, decreased compassion, altruism, and ethical behavior."

More profile about the speaker
Paul Piff | Speaker | TED.com

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