TEDSalon NY2012
Clay Shirky: Why SOPA is a bad idea
Clay Shirky: Per què la llei SOPA és una mala idea
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
1,582,800 views
Què implicaria la llei nord-americana PIPA/SOPA pel que fa a compartir en el món? A les oficines de TED, Clay Shirky presenta un autèntic manifest: una crida a defensar la nostra llibertat de crear, debatre, vincular i compartir, en lloc de consumir de forma passiva.
Clay Shirky - Social Media Theorist
Clay Shirky argues that the history of the modern world could be rendered as the history of ways of arguing, where changes in media change what sort of arguments are possible -- with deep social and political implications. Full bio
Clay Shirky argues that the history of the modern world could be rendered as the history of ways of arguing, where changes in media change what sort of arguments are possible -- with deep social and political implications. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm going to start here.
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Comencem amb això.
00:17
This is a hand-lettered sign
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Un cartell escrit a mà
00:19
that appeared in a mom and pop bakery
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que vaig veure en un forn familiar
00:21
in my old neighborhood in Brooklyn a few years ago.
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al meu barri de Brooklyn, fa uns anys.
00:24
The store owned one of those machines
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Tenien una màquina
00:26
that can print on plates of sugar.
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per imprimir en làmines de sucre.
00:28
And kids could bring in drawings
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Els nens portaven dibuixos
00:30
and have the store print a sugar plate
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i al forn els imprimien en una làmina
00:33
for the top of their birthday cake.
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per fer un pastís decorat.
00:35
But unfortunately, one of the things kids liked to draw
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Malauradament, els nens solien dibuixar
00:38
was cartoon characters.
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dibuixos de la tele.
00:40
They liked to draw the Little Mermaid,
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Dibuixaven la Sireneta,
00:42
they'd like to draw a smurf, they'd like to draw Micky Mouse.
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o un barrufet o Mickey Mouse.
00:45
But it turns out to be illegal
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Però resulta que és il·legal
00:47
to print a child's drawing of Micky Mouse
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usar un dibuix infantil de Mickey Mouse
00:50
onto a plate of sugar.
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per decorar un pastís.
00:53
And it's a copyright violation.
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És una violació dels drets d'autor.
00:55
And policing copyright violations
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I vigilar si es violaven drets d'autor
00:57
for children's birthday cakes
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en els pastissos dels nens
00:59
was such a hassle
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donava tanta feina
01:01
that the College Bakery said,
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que els del forn van dir:
01:03
"You know what, we're getting out of that business.
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"Mireu, això ja no ens convé.
01:05
If you're an amateur,
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Els aficionats
01:07
you don't have access to our machine anymore.
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ja no podeu usar la màquina.
01:09
If you want a printed sugar birthday cake,
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Si voleu un pastís amb un dibuix,
01:11
you have to use one of our prefab images --
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heu d'usar una imatge del catàleg.
01:15
only for professionals."
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És només per a professionals".
01:17
So there's two bills in Congress right now.
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Ara el Congrés nord-americà estudia dues lleis:
01:20
One is called SOPA, the other is called PIPA.
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la Llei SOPA i la Llei PIPA.
01:22
SOPA stands for the Stop Online Piracy Act.
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La SOPA, que ve del Senat,
01:24
It's from the Senate.
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és la "Llei contra la pirateria en línia".
01:26
PIPA is short for PROTECTIP,
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La PIPA vol dir PROTECTIP,
01:29
which is itself short for
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sigles que signifiquen:
01:31
Preventing Real Online Threats
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"Prevenir les amenaces en línia reals
01:33
to Economic Creativity
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a la creativitat econòmica
01:35
and Theft of Intellectual Property --
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i el robatori de la propietat intel·lectual".
01:37
because the congressional aides who name these things
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És que la gent del Congrés que pensa aquests noms
01:39
have a lot of time on their hands.
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té molt de temps lliure.
01:41
And what SOPA and PIPA want to do
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I el que pretenen la SOPA i la PIPA
01:43
is they want to do this.
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és que passe això:
01:45
They want to raise the cost
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volen elevar el cost
01:47
of copyright compliance
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de respectar els drets d'autor
01:50
to the point where people simply get out of the business
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fins el punt que deixe de ser rendible
01:53
of offering it as a capability to amateurs.
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oferir eixa opció als aficionats.
01:56
Now the way they propose to do this
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El sistema que plantegen
01:59
is to identify sites
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requereix identificar els webs
02:01
that are substantially infringing on copyright --
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que violen els drets d'autor,
02:03
although how those sites are identified
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segons un sistema d'identificació
02:05
is never fully specified in the bills --
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que no està explicat en la proposició,
02:07
and then they want to remove them from the domain name system.
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i després retirarien aquests webs del Sistema de Noms de Domini.
02:10
They want to take them out of the domain name system.
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Aquests webs ja no estarien al Sistema de Noms de Domini.
02:12
Now the domain name system
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El Sistema de Noms de Domini
02:14
is the thing that turns human-readable names, like Google.com,
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és el que converteix els noms comprensibles, com google.com,
02:17
into the kinds of addresses
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en el tipus d'adreça
02:19
machines expect --
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que utilitzen les màquines:
02:21
74.125.226.212.
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74.125.226.212.
02:26
Now the problem with this model of censorship,
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El problema d'aquest model de censura,
02:29
of identifying a site
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el d'identificar un web
02:31
and then trying to remove it from the domain name system,
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i retirar-lo del Sistema de Noms de Dominis,
02:33
is that it won't work.
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és que no funciona.
02:35
And you'd think that would be a pretty big problem for a law,
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Això sembla un problema greu per a una llei,
02:38
but Congress seems not to have let that bother them too much.
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però al Congrés no els ha preocupat molt.
02:40
Now the reason it won't work
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El motiu pel qual no funciona
02:42
is that you can still type 74.125.226.212 into the browser
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és que si escrius 74.125.226.212 en el navegador,
02:46
or you can make it a clickable link
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o fas un enllaç amb això,
02:48
and you'll still go to Google.
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encara trobaràs Google.
02:51
So the policing layer
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Per això els requeriments
02:53
around the problem
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de supervisió que s'exigeixen
02:55
becomes the real threat of the act.
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són l'autèntica amenaça d'esta llei.
02:59
Now to understand how Congress came to write a bill
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Si volem entendre per què el Congrés estudia una llei
03:02
that won't accomplish its stated goals,
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que no complirà l'objectiu declarat
03:05
but will produce a lot of pernicious side effects,
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però tindrà efectes secundaris molt perniciosos,
03:07
you have to understand a little bit about the back story.
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hem de saber què n'hi ha darrere.
03:09
And the back story is this:
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I darrere trobem això:
03:11
SOPA and PIPA, as legislation,
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les lleis SOPA i PIPA
03:13
were drafted largely by media companies
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han estat redactades en gran part per empreses
03:16
that were founded in the 20th century.
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de mitjans fundades al segle XX.
03:18
The 20th century was a great time to be a media company,
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Les empreses de mitjans vivien molt bé al segle XX,
03:20
because the thing you really had on your side was scarcity.
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perquè podien aprofitar-se d'una certa escassesa.
03:23
If you were making a TV show,
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Quan una feia un programa de TV,
03:25
it didn't have to be better than all other TV shows ever made;
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no calia que fóra millor que tots els anteriors;
03:29
it only had to be better
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només havia de ser millor
03:31
than the two other shows
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que els altres dos programes
03:33
that were on at the same time --
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que es feien a aquella hora.
03:35
which is a very low threshold
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Parlem d'un llindar molt baix
03:37
of competitive difficulty.
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de competència.
03:40
Which meant
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Per tant,
03:42
that if you fielded average content,
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amb tindre una qualitat mitjana
03:44
you got a third of the U.S. public for free --
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ja tenien un terç de l'audiència:
03:47
tens of millions of users
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desenes de milions d'usuaris
03:50
for simply doing something
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per fer qualsevol cosa
03:52
that wasn't too terrible.
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que no estiguera molt mal.
03:54
This is like having a license to print money
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Era com tenir una mina d'or
03:56
and a barrel of free ink.
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i miners que treballen gratis.
03:58
But technology moved on, as technology is wont to do.
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Però la tecnologia sempre va endavant.
04:01
And slowly, slowly, at the end of the 20th century,
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I poc a poc, a la fi del segle XX,
04:04
that scarcity started to get eroded --
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l'escassesa es va anar reduint,
04:06
and I don't mean by digital technology;
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i no per la tecnologia digital,
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I mean by analog technology.
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sinó per una tecnologia analògica.
04:10
Cassette tapes, video cassette recorders,
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Les cintes de música, els aparells de vídeo
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even the humble Xerox machine
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i fins i tot la humil fotocopiadora
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created new opportunities
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ens donaven noves oportunitats
04:16
for us to behave in ways
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per fer coses
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that astonished the media business.
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que sorprenien la indústria dels mitjans.
04:20
Because it turned out
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Es va poder veure
04:22
we're not really couch potatoes.
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que no som un públic passiu.
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We don't really like to only consume.
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No ens agrada consumir només.
04:27
We do like to consume,
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Ens agrada consumir,
04:29
but every time one of these new tools came along,
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però a mesura que arribaven noves eines
04:32
it turned out we also like to produce
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vam demostrar que ens agrada produir
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and we like to share.
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i compartir.
04:36
And this freaked the media businesses out --
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La indústria dels mitjans estava aterrida.
04:38
it freaked them out every time.
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Cada novetat l'aterria més.
04:40
Jack Valenti, who was the head lobbyist
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Jack Valenti, el representant
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for the Motion Picture Association of America,
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de l'Associació Cinematogràfica dels Estats Units (MPAA),
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once likened the ferocious video cassette recorder
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va comparar el feroç aparell enregistrador de vídeo
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to Jack the Ripper
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amb Jack l'Esbudellador
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and poor, helpless Hollywood
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i el pobre, l'indefens Hollywood
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to a woman at home alone.
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amb una dona sola a casa.
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That was the level of rhetoric.
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Així de forta era la retòrica.
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And so the media industries
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Llavors, la indústria dels mitjans
04:59
begged, insisted, demanded
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va pregar, va exigir
05:01
that Congress do something.
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que el Congrés actuara.
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And Congress did something.
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I el Congrés va actuar.
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By the early 90s, Congress passed the law
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A principis dels 90, es va aprovar la llei
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that changed everything.
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que ho va canviar tot.
05:10
And that law was called the Audio Home Recording Act
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Parle de la Llei d'enregistrament domèstic d'àudio
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of 1992.
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de 1992.
05:14
What the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 said was,
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La Llei d'enregistrament domèstic de 1992 deia:
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look, if people are taping stuff off the radio
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"A veure, si la gent grava coses de la ràdio
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and then making mixtapes for their friends,
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i fa una selecció per als amics,
05:22
that is not a crime. That's okay.
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això no és delit. No passa res.
05:25
Taping and remixing
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Gravar coses i remesclar-les
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and sharing with your friends is okay.
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i compartir-les amb amics està bé.
05:30
If you make lots and lots of high quality copies and you sell them,
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Si fas moltes còpies d'alta qualitat i les vens,
05:32
that's not okay.
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això sí que no.
05:34
But this taping business,
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Però gravar coses per diversió,
05:36
fine, let it go.
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està bé, ho passem per alt.
05:38
And they thought that they clarified the issue,
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I van pensar que això aclaria la qüestió,
05:41
because they'd set out a clear distinction
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perquè marcaven una distinció clara
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between legal and illegal copying.
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entre còpia legal i il·legal.
05:45
But that wasn't what the media businesses wanted.
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Però la indústria dels mitjans no volia això.
05:48
They had wanted Congress
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Ells volien que el Congrés
05:50
to outlaw copying full-stop.
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prohibira les còpies, i punt.
05:53
So when the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 was passed,
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Quan es va aprovar la Llei d'enregistrament domèstic de 1992,
05:56
the media businesses gave up on the idea
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la indústria dels mitjans va rebutjar la idea
06:00
of legal versus illegal distinctions for copying
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de distingir còpies legals i il·legals,
06:02
because it was clear
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perquè estava clar
06:04
that if Congress was acting in their framework,
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que si el Congrés actuava en aquest sentit,
06:06
they might actually increase the rights of citizens
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els ciutadans podíem acabar tenint més drets
06:10
to participate in our own media environment.
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per participar en el nostre entorn mediàtic.
06:12
So they went for plan B.
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Per això van passar al pla B.
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It took them a while to formulate plan B.
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El pla B els va costar un temps.
06:16
Plan B appeared in its first full-blown form
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El pla B es va manifestar plenament
06:18
in 1998 --
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l'any 1998
06:20
something called the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
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en la Llei de drets d'autor del mil·lenni digital (DMCA).
06:23
It was a complicated piece of legislation, a lot of moving parts.
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Era una llei complicada, amb molts engranatges.
06:25
But the main thrust of the DMCA
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Però el gran cop de la Llei DMCA
06:28
was that it was legal to sell you
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és que feia legal vendre
06:30
uncopyable digital material --
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productes digitals no duplicables.
06:32
except that there's no such things as uncopyable digital material.
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El problema és que això és impossible.
06:35
It would be, as Ed Felton once famously said,
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Seria, en paraules d'Ed Felten,
06:37
"Like handing out water
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"Com repartir aigua
06:39
that wasn't wet."
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que no estiga humida".
06:41
Bits are copyable. That's what computers do.
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Els bits són duplicables. Els ordinadors fan això.
06:44
That is a side effect of their ordinary operation.
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És un efecte secundari del seu funcionament normal.
06:47
So in order to fake the ability
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Per tant, per fingir que podien
06:49
to sell uncopyable bits,
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vendre bits no duplicables,
06:51
the DMCA also made it legal
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la Llei DMCA legalitzava
06:53
to force you to use systems
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el fet d'obligar-te a usar sistemes
06:56
that broke the copying function of your devices.
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que impedeixen als teus dispositius copiar.
06:59
Every DVD player and game player
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Cada aparell de DVD o de jocs,
07:01
and television and computer you brought home --
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cada televisió i ordinador que comprares,
07:04
no matter what you thought you were getting when you bought it --
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sense importar el que tu volies quan ho compraves,
07:07
could be broken by the content industries,
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podia ser limitat per la indústria dels mitjans
07:10
if they wanted to set that as a condition of selling you the content.
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com a condició per a la venda de continguts.
07:13
And to make sure you didn't realize,
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I per assegurar-se que no ho notaves
07:16
or didn't enact their capabilities
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i que no activaries aquestes capacitats
07:19
as general purpose computing devices,
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que són normals en un aparell informàtic,
07:21
they also made it illegal
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van il·legalitzar
07:23
for you to try to reset
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que l'usuari intente restaurar
07:25
the copyability of that content.
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la capacitat de copiar aquests continguts.
07:27
The DMCA marks the moment
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La Llei DMCA marca el moment
07:29
when the media industries
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en què la indústria dels mitjans
07:31
gave up on the legal system
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va rebutjar el sistema jurídic
07:33
of distinguishing between legal and illegal copying
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de distinció entre còpies legals i il·legals
07:36
and simply tried to prevent copying
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i va intentar evitar qualsevol còpia
07:39
through technical means.
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per mitjans tècnics.
07:41
Now the DMCA had, and is continuing to have, a lot of complicated effects,
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La Llei DMCA ha tingut, i té, molts efectes complicats,
07:44
but in this one domain, limiting sharing,
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però quant a frenar els intercanvis
07:47
it has mostly not worked.
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bàsicament no ha funcionat.
07:49
And the main reason it hasn't worked
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El motiu pel qual no ha funcionat
07:51
is the Internet has turned out to be far more popular and far more powerful
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és que la Internet s'ha fet molt més popular i poderosa
07:54
than anyone imagined.
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del que ningú havia imaginat.
07:57
The mixtape, the fanzine,
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Les cintes i revistes casolanes
07:59
that was nothing compared to what we're seeing now
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no eren res comparat amb el que veiem ara
08:01
with the Internet.
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a Internet.
08:03
We are in a world
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Al món en què vivim
08:05
where most American citizens
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la majoria dels nord-americans
08:07
over the age of 12
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de més de 12 anys
08:09
share things with each other online.
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comparteixen coses en línia.
08:11
We share written things, we share images,
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Compartim textos, imatges,
08:13
we share audio, we share video.
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so i vídeo.
08:15
Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've made.
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Compartim coses que fem.
08:17
Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've found.
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Compartim coses que trobem.
08:19
Some of the stuff we share
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Compartim coses
08:21
is stuff we've made out of what we've found,
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que fem a partir del que trobem,
08:23
and all of it horrifies those industries.
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i tot això horroritza la indústria.
08:26
So PIPA and SOPA
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Per això la PIPA i la SOPA
08:28
are round two.
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són el segon assalt.
08:30
But where the DMCA was surgical --
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Però si la Llei DMCA era quirúrgica,
08:32
we want to go down into your computer,
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operem el teu ordinador,
08:35
we want to go down into your television set, down into your game machine,
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operem la teva televisió, operem la teva videoconsola,
08:38
and prevent it from doing
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i evitem que facen
08:40
what they said it would do at the store --
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el que haurien de fer normalment,
08:42
PIPA and SOPA are nuclear
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la PIPA i la SOPA són nuclears
08:44
and they're saying, we want to go anywhere in the world
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i el que diuen és: "volem arribar a tot el món
08:48
and censor content.
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i censurar continguts".
08:50
Now the mechanism, as I said, for doing this,
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Com deia, el mecanisme que proposen
08:53
is you need to take out anybody
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requereix eliminar tot allò
08:56
pointing to those IP addresses.
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que enllace amb aquelles adreces IP.
08:58
You need to take them out of search engines,
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Han d'eliminar-se dels cercadors,
09:00
you need to take them out of online directories,
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han d'eliminar-se dels directoris en línia,
09:02
you need to take them out of user lists.
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han d'eliminar-se de les llistes d'usuaris.
09:05
And because the biggest producers of content on the Internet
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I com que els majors productors de contingut en Internet
09:09
are not Google and Yahoo,
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no són Google ni Yahoo,
09:12
they're us,
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sinó nosaltres,
09:14
we're the people getting policed.
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ens han de vigilar a nosaltres.
09:16
Because in the end,
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Perquè finalment,
09:18
the real threat
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l'autèntica amenaça
09:21
to the enactment of PIPA and SOPA
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per a la promulgació de la PIPA i la SOPA
09:24
is our ability to share things with one another.
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és la nostra capacitat de compartir coses.
09:27
So what PIPA and SOPA risk doing
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Amb la PIPA i la SOPA el risc és
09:30
is taking a centuries-old legal concept,
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que el secular concepte legal
09:33
innocent until proven guilty,
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de la presumpció d'innocència
09:35
and reversing it --
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es capgire en
09:37
guilty until proven innocent.
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presumpció de culpabilitat:
09:39
You can't share
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"No pots compartir
09:41
until you show us
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mentre no ens demostres
09:44
that you're not sharing something
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que no estàs compartint una cosa
09:46
we don't like.
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que no ens agrada".
09:48
Suddenly, the burden of proof for legal versus illegal
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De sobte, la càrrega de provar el que és legal o il·legal
09:51
falls affirmatively on us
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recau sobre nosaltres
09:53
and on the services
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i sobre els serveis
09:55
that might be offering us any new capabilities.
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que ens estan oferint noves capacitats.
09:58
And if it costs even a dime
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I ni que costara 10 cèntims
10:01
to police a user,
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supervisar un usuari,
10:03
that will crush a service
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seria la fi d'un servei
10:05
with a hundred million users.
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que té cent milions d'usuaris.
10:07
So this is the Internet they have in mind.
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Aquesta és la Internet que proposen.
10:09
Imagine this sign everywhere --
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Imagineu aquest cartell per tot arreu,
10:12
except imagine it doesn't say College Bakery,
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però al cartell no diria "Forn El Pastís";
10:15
imagine it says YouTube
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al cartell diria "YouTube",
10:17
and Facebook and Twitter.
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"Facebook" o "Twitter".
10:19
Imagine it says TED,
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Imagineu que diguera "TED",
10:21
because the comments can't be policed
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perquè la supervisió de comentaris
10:24
at any acceptable cost.
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implica un cost inacceptable.
10:27
The real effects of SOPA and PIPA
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Els efectes reals de la SOPA i la PIPA
10:30
are going to be different than the proposed effects.
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seran diferents del que diuen que volen fer.
10:33
The threat, in fact,
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De fet, l'amenaça
10:35
is this inversion of the burden of proof,
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és la inversió de la càrrega de la prova:
10:38
where we suddenly
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de sobte,
10:40
are all treated like thieves
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ens tractarien com a lladres
10:42
at every moment we're given the freedom to create,
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cada vegada que tinguérem la llibertat de crear,
10:45
to produce or to share.
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produir o compartir.
10:48
And the people who provide those capabilities to us --
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I les persones que ens donen aquesta capacitat,
10:51
the YouTubes, the Facebooks, the Twitters and TEDs --
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com YouTube, Facebook, Twitter o TED,
10:54
are in the business
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s'haurien de dedicar
10:56
of having to police us,
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a supervisar-nos
10:58
or being on the hook for contributory infringement.
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o serien culpables de contribució a la infracció.
11:01
There's two things you can do
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Podeu fer dues coses
11:03
to help stop this --
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per ajudar a evitar això.
11:05
a simple thing and a complicated thing,
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Una cosa és simple i l'altra, complicada;
11:08
an easy thing and a hard thing.
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una és fàcil i l'altra, difícil.
11:10
The simple thing, the easy thing, is this:
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La cosa fàcil i simple és aquesta:
11:12
if you're an American citizen,
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si sou ciutadans nord-americans,
11:14
call your representative, call your senator.
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telefoneu els vostres diputats i senadors.
11:17
When you look at
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Si observeu
11:20
the people who co-signed on the SOPA bill,
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les persones que promouen la Llei SOPA
11:23
people who've co-signed on PIPA,
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i les que promouen la Llei PIPA
11:25
what you see is that they have cumulatively received
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veureu que han rebut quantitats
11:28
millions and millions of dollars
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de milions i milions de dòlars
11:31
from the traditional media industries.
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de la indústria dels mitjans tradicionals.
11:33
You don't have millions and millions of dollars,
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Vosaltres no teniu tants milions de dòlars,
11:35
but you can call your representatives,
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però podeu trucar els vostres representants
11:37
and you can remind them that you vote,
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recordar-los que sou votants
11:40
and you can ask not to be treated like a thief,
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i demanar que no us tracten com a lladres,
11:43
and you can suggest that you would prefer
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i podeu dir que no voleu
11:45
that the Internet not be broken.
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que espatllen la Internet.
11:48
And if you're not an American citizen,
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Si no sou ciutadans nord-americans,
11:50
you can contact American citizens that you know
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poseu-vos en contacte amb els que conegueu
11:52
and encourage them to do the same.
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i animeu-los a fer això mateix.
11:54
Because this seems like a national issue,
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Perquè això sembla una qüestió nacional,
11:56
but it is not.
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però no ho és.
11:58
These industries will not be content
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Aquesta indústria no es conformarà
12:00
with breaking our Internet.
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a espatllar la nostra Internet.
12:02
If they break it, they will break it for everybody.
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Si l'espatllen, l'espatllaran per a tots.
12:05
That's the easy thing.
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Aquesta és la part fàcil,
12:07
That's the simple thing.
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la part més simple.
12:09
The hard thing is this:
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La difícil és aquesta:
12:11
get ready, because more is coming.
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prepareu-vos, perquè açò no és el final.
12:14
SOPA is simply a reversion of COICA,
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SOPA és una nova versió de la COICA,
12:17
which was purposed last year, which did not pass.
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una proposició que no es va aprovar l'any passat.
12:19
And all of this goes back
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I tot açò es remunta
12:21
to the failure of the DMCA
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al fracàs de la Llei DMCA
12:23
to disallow sharing as a technical means.
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per a bloquejar els intercanvis per mitjans tècnics.
12:25
And the DMCA goes back to the Audio Home Recording Act,
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I la DMCA es remunta a la Llei d'enregistrament domèstic,
12:28
which horrified those industries.
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que va horroritzar aquesta indústria.
12:30
Because the whole business
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Perquè tot aquest assumpte
12:32
of actually suggesting that someone is breaking the law
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de denunciar que algú està infringint la llei
12:35
and then gathering evidence and proving that,
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i reunir proves per demostrar-ho,
12:37
that turns out to be really inconvenient.
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això resulta que és massa complicat.
12:40
"We'd prefer not to do that,"
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"Preferiríem no haver de fer-ho",
12:42
says the content industries.
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diu la indústria de continguts.
12:44
And what they want is not to have to do that.
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I el que volen és no haver de fer això.
12:47
They don't want legal distinctions
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No volen cap distinció jurídica
12:49
between legal and illegal sharing.
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entre intercanvis legals i il·legals.
12:51
They just want the sharing to go away.
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Volen que els intercanvis desapareguen, i punt.
12:53
PIPA and SOPA are not oddities, they're not anomalies,
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Les Lleis PIPA i SOPA no són anomalies,
12:56
they're not events.
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no són úniques.
12:58
They're the next turn of this particular screw,
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Són un pas més dins d'un procés
13:01
which has been going on 20 years now.
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que ja dura 20 anys.
13:03
And if we defeat these, as I hope we do,
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I si les derrotem, tal com espere,
13:05
more is coming.
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altres vindran.
13:07
Because until we convince Congress
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I així fins que convencem el Congrés
13:12
that the way to deal with copyright violation
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que front a una violació de drets d'autor
13:15
is the way copyright violation was dealt with with Napster, with YouTube,
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el correcte és el que es va fer en els casos de Napster i YouTube:
13:19
which is to have a trial with all the presentation of evidence
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un judici en què es presenten proves,
13:22
and the hashing out of facts and the assessment of remedies
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es debaten els fets i s'analitzen diferents solucions,
13:25
that goes on in democratic societies.
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tal com es fa en una societat democràtica.
13:27
That's the way to handle this.
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Així és com s'ha de fer.
13:29
In the meantime,
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Mentrestant,
13:31
the hard thing to do is to be ready.
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la part difícil és preparar-se.
13:33
Because that's the real message of PIPA and SOPA.
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Perquè les Lleis PIPA i SOPA porten un missatge:
13:35
Time Warner has called
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"Ha trucat Time Warner,
13:37
and they want us all back on the couch,
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diuen que hem de tornar al sofà
13:39
just consuming --
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a consumir i punt,
13:41
not producing, not sharing --
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sense produir ni compartir".
13:43
and we should say, "No."
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Hem de dir "no".
13:45
Thank you.
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Gràcies.
13:47
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Clay Shirky - Social Media TheoristClay Shirky argues that the history of the modern world could be rendered as the history of ways of arguing, where changes in media change what sort of arguments are possible -- with deep social and political implications.
Why you should listen
Clay Shirky's work focuses on the rising usefulness of networks -- using decentralized technologies such as peer-to-peer sharing, wireless, software for social creation, and open-source development. New technologies are enabling new kinds of cooperative structures to flourish as a way of getting things done in business, science, the arts and elsewhere, as an alternative to centralized and institutional structures, which he sees as self-limiting. In his writings and speeches he has argued that "a group is its own worst enemy."
Shirky is an adjunct professor in New York Universityʼs graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program, where he teaches a course named “Social Weather.” Heʼs the author of several books. This spring at the TED headquarters in New York, he gave an impassioned talk against SOPA/PIPA that saw 1 million views in 48 hours.
Clay Shirky | Speaker | TED.com