TEDSalon NY2012
Clay Shirky: Why SOPA is a bad idea
Clay Shirky: Zašto je SOPA loša ideja
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Što zakon poput PIPA / SOPA znači za naš razmjenski svijet? U uredu TED-a, Clay Shirky upućuje pravi manifest -- poziv na obranu naše slobode da stvaramo, diskutiramo, povezujemo i dijelimo, radije nego da pasivno konzumiramo.
Clay Shirky - Social Media Theorist
Clay Shirky argues that the history of the modern world could be rendered as the history of ways of arguing, where changes in media change what sort of arguments are possible -- with deep social and political implications. Full bio
Clay Shirky argues that the history of the modern world could be rendered as the history of ways of arguing, where changes in media change what sort of arguments are possible -- with deep social and political implications. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm going to start here.
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Počet ću s ovime.
00:17
This is a hand-lettered sign
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Ovo je rukom pisana obavijest
00:19
that appeared in a mom and pop bakery
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koja se pojavila u obiteljskoj pekarnici
00:21
in my old neighborhood in Brooklyn a few years ago.
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u mom nekadašnjem naselju u Brooklynu prije nekoliko godina.
00:24
The store owned one of those machines
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Dućan je posjedovao jedan od onih strojeva
00:26
that can print on plates of sugar.
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koji su ispisivali na šećerne table.
00:28
And kids could bring in drawings
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Djeca su mogla donijeti svoje crteže
00:30
and have the store print a sugar plate
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i dućan bi im otisnuo šećernu tablu
00:33
for the top of their birthday cake.
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za gornji dio njihove rođendanske torte.
00:35
But unfortunately, one of the things kids liked to draw
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Nažalost, jedna od stvari koje su djeca voljela crtati
00:38
was cartoon characters.
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bili su likovi iz crtića.
00:40
They liked to draw the Little Mermaid,
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Voljeli su crtati Malu sirenu,
00:42
they'd like to draw a smurf, they'd like to draw Micky Mouse.
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voljeli su crtati Štrumpfove, Mickyja Mousea.
00:45
But it turns out to be illegal
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Ali je protiv zakona tiskati
00:47
to print a child's drawing of Micky Mouse
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dječje crteže Mickyja Mousea
00:50
onto a plate of sugar.
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na šećernu tablu.
00:53
And it's a copyright violation.
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Riječ je o kršenju autorskih prava.
00:55
And policing copyright violations
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A nadzirati kršenje autorskih prava
00:57
for children's birthday cakes
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na dječjim rođendanskim tortama
00:59
was such a hassle
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je bilo toliko zeznuto
01:01
that the College Bakery said,
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da je College pekarnica rekla,
01:03
"You know what, we're getting out of that business.
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"Znate što, izlazimo iz ovog posla.
01:05
If you're an amateur,
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Ako ste amater,
01:07
you don't have access to our machine anymore.
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više nemate pravo pristupa našem stroju.
01:09
If you want a printed sugar birthday cake,
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Ako želite rođendansku tortu s ilustracijom,
01:11
you have to use one of our prefab images --
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morate prihvatiti jednu od ponuđenih slika --
01:15
only for professionals."
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samo za profesionalce."
01:17
So there's two bills in Congress right now.
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Danas su pred Kongresom dva zakona.
01:20
One is called SOPA, the other is called PIPA.
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Jedan se zove SOPA, a drugi PIPA.
01:22
SOPA stands for the Stop Online Piracy Act.
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SOPA je skraćenica za zaustavite internetsko piratstvo.
01:24
It's from the Senate.
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Predlaže ga Senat.
01:26
PIPA is short for PROTECTIP,
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PIPA je skraćeno od PROTECTIP,
01:29
which is itself short for
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što je opet skraćenica za
01:31
Preventing Real Online Threats
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Sprečavanje stvarnih internetskih prijetnji
01:33
to Economic Creativity
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ekonomskoj kreativnosti
01:35
and Theft of Intellectual Property --
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i krađe intelektualnog vlasništva --
01:37
because the congressional aides who name these things
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pomoćnici u Kongresu koji daju ovakva imena
01:39
have a lot of time on their hands.
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imaju jako puno slobodnog vremena.
01:41
And what SOPA and PIPA want to do
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Ono što SOPA i PIPA žele učiniti
01:43
is they want to do this.
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je sljedeće:
01:45
They want to raise the cost
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Žele povisiti troškove
01:47
of copyright compliance
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poštivanja autorskih prava
01:50
to the point where people simply get out of the business
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do razine na kojoj ljudi jednostavno izlaze iz posla
01:53
of offering it as a capability to amateurs.
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i više ne daju te mogućnosti amaterima.
01:56
Now the way they propose to do this
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Predlažu da se to postigne na način
01:59
is to identify sites
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da se utvrde internetske stranice
02:01
that are substantially infringing on copyright --
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koje značajno krše copyright --
02:03
although how those sites are identified
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premda u zakonima nije sasvim definirano
02:05
is never fully specified in the bills --
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kako će se utvrditi te stranice --
02:07
and then they want to remove them from the domain name system.
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a zatim ih žele ukloniti iz sustava domena.
02:10
They want to take them out of the domain name system.
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Žele ih isključiti iz sustava domena.
02:12
Now the domain name system
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Sustav domena je sustav
02:14
is the thing that turns human-readable names, like Google.com,
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koji pretvara ljudima razumljive nazive, poput Google.com,
02:17
into the kinds of addresses
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u adrese
02:19
machines expect --
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koje očekuju uređaji --
02:21
74.125.226.212.
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74.125.226.212.
02:26
Now the problem with this model of censorship,
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Problem s ovim modelom cenzure,
02:29
of identifying a site
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određivanja stranica
02:31
and then trying to remove it from the domain name system,
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i potom pokušaja da ih se ukloni iz sustava domena,
02:33
is that it won't work.
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je u tome da neće uspjeti.
02:35
And you'd think that would be a pretty big problem for a law,
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Pomislili biste da će to biti velik problem za jedan zakon,
02:38
but Congress seems not to have let that bother them too much.
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no čini se da Kongres nije baš nešto zabrinut zbog toga.
02:40
Now the reason it won't work
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Razlog zašto ovo neće uspjeti je u tome
02:42
is that you can still type 74.125.226.212 into the browser
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što još uvijek možete ukucati 74.125.226.212 u vaš preglednik
02:46
or you can make it a clickable link
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ili od adrese možete napraviti poveznicu na koju se klikne
02:48
and you'll still go to Google.
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i ipak ćete otići na Google.
02:51
So the policing layer
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I tako ogrtač nadzora
02:53
around the problem
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oko ovog problema
02:55
becomes the real threat of the act.
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postaje prava prijetnja ovog zakona.
02:59
Now to understand how Congress came to write a bill
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Da biste razumjeli kako je to Kongres napisao zakon
03:02
that won't accomplish its stated goals,
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koji neće postići svoje proklamirane ciljeve,
03:05
but will produce a lot of pernicious side effects,
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ali će stvoriti mnoge štetne popratne učinke,
03:07
you have to understand a little bit about the back story.
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morate znati dio priče koji stoji iza svega.
03:09
And the back story is this:
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A ta priča je sljedeća:
03:11
SOPA and PIPA, as legislation,
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SOPA-u i PIPA-u, kao zakonske prijedloge,
03:13
were drafted largely by media companies
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skicirale su uglavnom medijske kompanije
03:16
that were founded in the 20th century.
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osnovane u dvadesetom stoljeću.
03:18
The 20th century was a great time to be a media company,
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20. stoljeće je bilo sjajno doba za medijske kompanije,
03:20
because the thing you really had on your side was scarcity.
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jer vam je u prilog išla oskudnost ponude.
03:23
If you were making a TV show,
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Ako ste snimali TV emisiju,
03:25
it didn't have to be better than all other TV shows ever made;
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nije morala biti bolja od svih drugih TV emisija ikad snimljenih;
03:29
it only had to be better
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morala je samo biti bolja
03:31
than the two other shows
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od druge dvije emisije
03:33
that were on at the same time --
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koje su se prikazivale u isto vrijeme --
03:35
which is a very low threshold
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što je vrlo nizak prag
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of competitive difficulty.
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konkurentske zahtjevnosti.
03:40
Which meant
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Što znači
03:42
that if you fielded average content,
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da ako nudite prosječan sadržaj,
03:44
you got a third of the U.S. public for free --
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dobijate trećinu američke publike besplatno --
03:47
tens of millions of users
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desetke milijuna korisnika
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for simply doing something
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jednostavno pružajući im nešto
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that wasn't too terrible.
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što nije odviše grozno.
03:54
This is like having a license to print money
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To vam je kao da dobijete dozvolu tiskanja novca
03:56
and a barrel of free ink.
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i bure besplatne tinte.
03:58
But technology moved on, as technology is wont to do.
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Ali tehnologija napreduje, kako to već tehnologija hoće.
04:01
And slowly, slowly, at the end of the 20th century,
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I polako, polako, krajem 20. stoljeća,
04:04
that scarcity started to get eroded --
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ta je oskudnost počela nestajati --
04:06
and I don't mean by digital technology;
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i to ne zbog digitalne tehnologije;
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I mean by analog technology.
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zbog analogne tehnologije.
04:10
Cassette tapes, video cassette recorders,
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Kasetne vrpce, video rekorderi,
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even the humble Xerox machine
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čak i skromne Xerox fotokopirke
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created new opportunities
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stvorili su nove mogućnosti
04:16
for us to behave in ways
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da se ponašamo na načine
04:18
that astonished the media business.
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koji su zaprepastili medijski biznis.
04:20
Because it turned out
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Budući da se pokazalo
04:22
we're not really couch potatoes.
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da nismo zaista mrtva puhala na kauču.
04:24
We don't really like to only consume.
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Nije da stvarno želimo samo konzumirati.
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We do like to consume,
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Volimo konzumirati,
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but every time one of these new tools came along,
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ali kad god se pojavio neki novi alat,
04:32
it turned out we also like to produce
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pokazalo se da također volimo i proizvoditi
04:34
and we like to share.
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i volimo dijeliti.
04:36
And this freaked the media businesses out --
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I ovo je izbezumljivalo medijske kompanije --
04:38
it freaked them out every time.
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izbezumilo ih svaki puta.
04:40
Jack Valenti, who was the head lobbyist
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Jack Valenti, glavni lobist
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for the Motion Picture Association of America,
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Filmskog Udruženja (Motion Picture Association of America),
04:44
once likened the ferocious video cassette recorder
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nekoć je usporedio krvožedni video rekorder
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to Jack the Ripper
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s Jackom Trbosjekom
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and poor, helpless Hollywood
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a jadni, bespomoćni Hollywood
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to a woman at home alone.
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sa ženom koja je sama kod kuće.
04:55
That was the level of rhetoric.
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To je bila razina retorike.
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And so the media industries
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I tako je medijska industrija
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begged, insisted, demanded
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molila, inzistirala, zahtijevala
05:01
that Congress do something.
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da Kongres nešto poduzme.
05:03
And Congress did something.
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i Kongres je poduzeo.
05:05
By the early 90s, Congress passed the law
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Ranih 90-tih, Kongres je donio zakon
05:07
that changed everything.
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koji je sve promijenio.
05:10
And that law was called the Audio Home Recording Act
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Taj zakon je nazvan Zakon o kućnom audio snimanju
05:12
of 1992.
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iz 1992.
05:14
What the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 said was,
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Taj je zakon propisao da
05:17
look, if people are taping stuff off the radio
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ako ljudi snimaju s radija
05:19
and then making mixtapes for their friends,
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i zatim izrađuju mješovite vrpce za prijatelje,
05:22
that is not a crime. That's okay.
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to nije kazneno djelo. To je u redu.
05:25
Taping and remixing
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Snimanje na vrpcu i miješanje
05:27
and sharing with your friends is okay.
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i dijeljenje s prijateljima je u redu.
05:30
If you make lots and lots of high quality copies and you sell them,
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Ako napravite mnogo visokokvalitetnih kopija i prodajete ih,
05:32
that's not okay.
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to nije u redu.
05:34
But this taping business,
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Ali to snimanje na vrpce,
05:36
fine, let it go.
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dobro je, pustimo ih.
05:38
And they thought that they clarified the issue,
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I mislili su da je time stvar raščišćena,
05:41
because they'd set out a clear distinction
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jer su postavili jasno razgraničenje
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between legal and illegal copying.
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između zakonitog i nezakonitog kopiranja.
05:45
But that wasn't what the media businesses wanted.
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Ali medijska industrija nije to željela.
05:48
They had wanted Congress
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Oni su željeli da Kongres
05:50
to outlaw copying full-stop.
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u cijelosti zabrani kopiranje.
05:53
So when the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 was passed,
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Kad je Zakon o audio snimanju izglasan 1992.,
05:56
the media businesses gave up on the idea
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mediji su napustili ideju
06:00
of legal versus illegal distinctions for copying
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o razlikama između zakonitog i nezakonitog kopiranja
06:02
because it was clear
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jer je bilo jasno
06:04
that if Congress was acting in their framework,
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da ako Kongres bude djelovao u tim okvirima,
06:06
they might actually increase the rights of citizens
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mogli bi zapravo povećati prava građana
06:10
to participate in our own media environment.
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da sudjeluju u našem medijskom okruženju.
06:12
So they went for plan B.
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Pa su pristupili planu B.
06:14
It took them a while to formulate plan B.
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Trebalo im je neko vrijeme da formuliraju plan B.
06:16
Plan B appeared in its first full-blown form
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Plan B se u svojem potpuno razvijenom obliku
06:18
in 1998 --
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pojavio 1998. godine --
06:20
something called the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
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pod nazivom Digitalni milenijski zakon o autorskim pravima (DMCA).
06:23
It was a complicated piece of legislation, a lot of moving parts.
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Bio je to kompliciran zakon s puno pomičnih dijelova.
06:25
But the main thrust of the DMCA
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Ali glavni koncept DMCA
06:28
was that it was legal to sell you
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je u tome da vam imaju zakonito pravo prodati
06:30
uncopyable digital material --
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digitalni materijal koji se ne može kopirati --
06:32
except that there's no such things as uncopyable digital material.
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osim što ne postoji digitalni materijal koji se ne može kopirati.
06:35
It would be, as Ed Felton once famously said,
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Bilo je to, kako je Ed Felton jednom slavno rekao,
06:37
"Like handing out water
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"Kao da dajete vodu
06:39
that wasn't wet."
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koja nije mokra."
06:41
Bits are copyable. That's what computers do.
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Bitovi se mogu kopirati. To je ono što računala čine.
06:44
That is a side effect of their ordinary operation.
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To je prateći učinak njihovog uobičajenog rada.
06:47
So in order to fake the ability
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Pa je zakon DMCA, da bi se lažirala sposobnost
06:49
to sell uncopyable bits,
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prodaje bitova koji se ne mogu kopirati,
06:51
the DMCA also made it legal
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također proglasio da vas se zakonito
06:53
to force you to use systems
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može natjerati da koristite sustave
06:56
that broke the copying function of your devices.
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koji eliminiraju kopirnu funkciju vaših uređaja.
06:59
Every DVD player and game player
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Svaki DVD uređaj i igraća konzola
07:01
and television and computer you brought home --
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i televizor i računalo koje ste donijeli kući --
07:04
no matter what you thought you were getting when you bought it --
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bez obzira na to što ste mislili da dobivate kad ste ga kupili --
07:07
could be broken by the content industries,
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može se ograničiti od strane pružatelja sadržaja,
07:10
if they wanted to set that as a condition of selling you the content.
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ako bi oni to poželjeli postaviti kao uvjet prodaje sadržaja.
07:13
And to make sure you didn't realize,
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I da se osiguraju da to ne otkrijete,
07:16
or didn't enact their capabilities
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ili ne aktivirate sve sposobnosti
07:19
as general purpose computing devices,
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koje općenamjenski računalni uređaji imaju,
07:21
they also made it illegal
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također su proglasili nezakonitim
07:23
for you to try to reset
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vaš pokušaj da omogućite
07:25
the copyability of that content.
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kopirljivost sadržaja.
07:27
The DMCA marks the moment
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Zakon DMCA označava trenutak
07:29
when the media industries
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kada je medijska industrija
07:31
gave up on the legal system
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digla ruke od zakona
07:33
of distinguishing between legal and illegal copying
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koji razlikuju zakonito od nezakonitog kopiranja
07:36
and simply tried to prevent copying
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i naprosto pokušala spriječiti kopiranje
07:39
through technical means.
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tehničkim sredstvima.
07:41
Now the DMCA had, and is continuing to have, a lot of complicated effects,
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DMCA je imao, i ima, mnogo kompliciranih učinaka,
07:44
but in this one domain, limiting sharing,
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ali na ovom području, u ograničavanju dijeljenja,
07:47
it has mostly not worked.
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uglavnom nije uspio.
07:49
And the main reason it hasn't worked
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Glavni razlog zašto nisu uspjeli je u tome
07:51
is the Internet has turned out to be far more popular and far more powerful
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što se internet pokazao daleko popularniji i moćniji
07:54
than anyone imagined.
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nego što je itko zamišljao.
07:57
The mixtape, the fanzine,
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Miješane vrpce, fanzini,
07:59
that was nothing compared to what we're seeing now
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nisu bili ništa u usporedbi s onim što sada vidimo
08:01
with the Internet.
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na internetu.
08:03
We are in a world
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Živimo u svijetu
08:05
where most American citizens
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u kojem većina američkih građana
08:07
over the age of 12
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starijih od 12 godina
08:09
share things with each other online.
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međusobno dijeli stvari na mreži.
08:11
We share written things, we share images,
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Dijelimo zapise, dijelimo slike,
08:13
we share audio, we share video.
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dijelimo zvuk, dijelimo snimke.
08:15
Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've made.
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Nešto od onoga što dijelimo smo sami napravili.
08:17
Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've found.
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Nešto od onoga što dijelimo smo pronašli.
08:19
Some of the stuff we share
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Nešto od onoga što dijelimo
08:21
is stuff we've made out of what we've found,
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je ono što smo sami napravili pomoću onoga što smo našli,
08:23
and all of it horrifies those industries.
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i sve to užasava medijsku industriju.
08:26
So PIPA and SOPA
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I tako su PIPA i SOPA
08:28
are round two.
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druga runda.
08:30
But where the DMCA was surgical --
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Ali dok je zakon DMCA bio kirurški --
08:32
we want to go down into your computer,
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mi želimo ući u vaše računalo,
08:35
we want to go down into your television set, down into your game machine,
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želimo ući u vaš televizor, u vašu konzolu,
08:38
and prevent it from doing
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i spriječiti ih da rade ono
08:40
what they said it would do at the store --
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što su vam u trgovini rekli da mogu raditi --
08:42
PIPA and SOPA are nuclear
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PIPA i SOPA su nuklearni
08:44
and they're saying, we want to go anywhere in the world
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i kažu: želimo doći bilo gdje u svijetu
08:48
and censor content.
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i cenzurirati sadržaj.
08:50
Now the mechanism, as I said, for doing this,
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Mehanizam, kao što rekoh, kojim se ovo postiže,
08:53
is you need to take out anybody
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je da uklonite svakoga
08:56
pointing to those IP addresses.
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tko upućuje na te IP adrese.
08:58
You need to take them out of search engines,
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Morate ih eliminirati iz tražilica,
09:00
you need to take them out of online directories,
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morate ih eliminirati iz mrežnih direktorija,
09:02
you need to take them out of user lists.
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iz korisničkih lista.
09:05
And because the biggest producers of content on the Internet
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A budući da najveći proizvođači sadržaja na internetu
09:09
are not Google and Yahoo,
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nisu Google i Yahoo,
09:12
they're us,
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već smo to mi,
09:14
we're the people getting policed.
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mi smo ti koje će se nadzirati.
09:16
Because in the end,
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Naposlijetku,
09:18
the real threat
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stvarna prijetnja
09:21
to the enactment of PIPA and SOPA
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provedbi PIPA-e i SOPA-e
09:24
is our ability to share things with one another.
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je naša mogućnost da dijelimo stvari jedan s drugim.
09:27
So what PIPA and SOPA risk doing
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Ono što PIPA i SOPA ovime riskiraju
09:30
is taking a centuries-old legal concept,
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je da stoljetni pravni koncept,
09:33
innocent until proven guilty,
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nedužan si dok ti se ne dokaže krivica,
09:35
and reversing it --
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preokrenu u --
09:37
guilty until proven innocent.
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kriv si dok ti se ne dokaže nedužnost.
09:39
You can't share
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Ne možeš dijeliti
09:41
until you show us
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dok nam ne dokažeš
09:44
that you're not sharing something
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da ne dijeliš nešto
09:46
we don't like.
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što nam se ne sviđa.
09:48
Suddenly, the burden of proof for legal versus illegal
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Iznenada, teret dokazivanja zakonitog i nezakonitog
09:51
falls affirmatively on us
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pozitivno pada na nas
09:53
and on the services
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i na usluge
09:55
that might be offering us any new capabilities.
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koje bi nam mogle nuditi nove mogućnosti.
09:58
And if it costs even a dime
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A ako košta makar i sitnicu
10:01
to police a user,
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da se nadzire korisnik,
10:03
that will crush a service
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to će uništiti uslužnu kompaniju
10:05
with a hundred million users.
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koja ima stotinu milijuna korisnika.
10:07
So this is the Internet they have in mind.
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To je Internet kakav su oni zamislili.
10:09
Imagine this sign everywhere --
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Zamislite posvuda ovaj znak --
10:12
except imagine it doesn't say College Bakery,
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ali zamislite da ne piše pekarnica College,
10:15
imagine it says YouTube
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zamislite da piše YouTube
10:17
and Facebook and Twitter.
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i Facebook i Twitter.
10:19
Imagine it says TED,
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Zamislite da piše TED,
10:21
because the comments can't be policed
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jer se komentari ne mogu nadzirati
10:24
at any acceptable cost.
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s prihvatljivim troškovima.
10:27
The real effects of SOPA and PIPA
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Pravi učinci SOPA-e i PIPA-e
10:30
are going to be different than the proposed effects.
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će biti drugačiji od zamišljenih.
10:33
The threat, in fact,
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Prijetnja se, zapravo, sastoji
10:35
is this inversion of the burden of proof,
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u promjeni na kome je teret dokazivanja,
10:38
where we suddenly
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kada nas se iznenada
10:40
are all treated like thieves
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sve tretira kao lopove
10:42
at every moment we're given the freedom to create,
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u svakom trenutku u kojem imamo slobodu stvaranja,
10:45
to produce or to share.
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proizvodnje ili dijeljenja.
10:48
And the people who provide those capabilities to us --
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A oni koji nam pružaju te mogućnosti --
10:51
the YouTubes, the Facebooks, the Twitters and TEDs --
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razni YouTube, Facebook, Twitter i TED --
10:54
are in the business
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dobivaju posao
10:56
of having to police us,
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u kojem nas moraju nadzirati,
10:58
or being on the hook for contributory infringement.
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i nalaze se na rubu kršenja zakona zbog nečijeg priloga.
11:01
There's two things you can do
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Možete učiniti dvije stvari
11:03
to help stop this --
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da pomognete da ovo zaustavimo --
11:05
a simple thing and a complicated thing,
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jednostavnu stvar i kompliciranu stvar,
11:08
an easy thing and a hard thing.
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laku stvar i tešku stvar.
11:10
The simple thing, the easy thing, is this:
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Jednostavna, laka stvar je ova:
11:12
if you're an American citizen,
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ako ste američki državljanin,
11:14
call your representative, call your senator.
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nazovite svog predstavnika, nazovite svog senatora.
11:17
When you look at
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Ako pogledate ljude
11:20
the people who co-signed on the SOPA bill,
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koji su supotpisali prijedlog SOPA,
11:23
people who've co-signed on PIPA,
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ljude koji su supotpisali prijedlog PIPA,
11:25
what you see is that they have cumulatively received
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vidjet ćete da su ukupno primili
11:28
millions and millions of dollars
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milijune i milijune dolara
11:31
from the traditional media industries.
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od tradicionalnih medijskih kuća.
11:33
You don't have millions and millions of dollars,
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Vi nemate milijune i milijune dolara,
11:35
but you can call your representatives,
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ali možete nazvati vaše predstavnike,
11:37
and you can remind them that you vote,
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i možete ih podsjetiti da izlazite na biralište,
11:40
and you can ask not to be treated like a thief,
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i možete zahtijevati da vas se ne tretira kao lopova,
11:43
and you can suggest that you would prefer
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i možete sugerirati da biste više voljeli
11:45
that the Internet not be broken.
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da ne unište internet.
11:48
And if you're not an American citizen,
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A ako niste američki državljanin,
11:50
you can contact American citizens that you know
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možete kontaktirati Amerikance koje znate
11:52
and encourage them to do the same.
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i motivirati ih da učine isto.
11:54
Because this seems like a national issue,
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Ovo izgleda kao nacionalna stvar,
11:56
but it is not.
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ali nije.
11:58
These industries will not be content
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Te industrije se neće zadovoljiti
12:00
with breaking our Internet.
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uništenjem našeg interneta.
12:02
If they break it, they will break it for everybody.
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Ako ga unište, uništit će ga svima.
12:05
That's the easy thing.
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To je lagana stvar.
12:07
That's the simple thing.
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To je ono jednostavno.
12:09
The hard thing is this:
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Teška stvar je ova:
12:11
get ready, because more is coming.
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pripremite se, jer slijedi još.
12:14
SOPA is simply a reversion of COICA,
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SOPA je jednostavno varijanta COICA-e,
12:17
which was purposed last year, which did not pass.
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koji je predložen prošle godine, a koji nije prošao.
12:19
And all of this goes back
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A sve ovo proistječe
12:21
to the failure of the DMCA
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iz propasti zakona DMCA
12:23
to disallow sharing as a technical means.
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koji je trebao spriječiti dijeljenje tehničkim putem.
12:25
And the DMCA goes back to the Audio Home Recording Act,
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A DMCA slijedi iz Zakona o audio snimanju,
12:28
which horrified those industries.
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koji je užasnuo te industrije.
12:30
Because the whole business
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Kada se bavite sugeriranjem
12:32
of actually suggesting that someone is breaking the law
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da je netko prekršio zakon
12:35
and then gathering evidence and proving that,
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i skupljate dokaze i tvrdnju dokazujete,
12:37
that turns out to be really inconvenient.
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to je zaista nezgodan posao.
12:40
"We'd prefer not to do that,"
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"Mi bismo radije da to ne moramo raditi,"
12:42
says the content industries.
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govore proizvođači sadržaja.
12:44
And what they want is not to have to do that.
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I oni žele da to ne moraju raditi.
12:47
They don't want legal distinctions
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Oni ne žele zakonsku razliku
12:49
between legal and illegal sharing.
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između zakonitog i nezakonitog dijeljenja.
12:51
They just want the sharing to go away.
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Oni samo žele da se prestane dijeliti.
12:53
PIPA and SOPA are not oddities, they're not anomalies,
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PIPA i SOPA nisu ekstremi, nisu anomalije,
12:56
they're not events.
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nisu izuzetni događaji.
12:58
They're the next turn of this particular screw,
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Oni su novi okretaj ovog konkretnog zavrtnja,
13:01
which has been going on 20 years now.
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koji se zbiva evo već 20 godina.
13:03
And if we defeat these, as I hope we do,
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A ako i pobijedimo ove zakone, kako se i nadam,
13:05
more is coming.
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bit će ih još.
13:07
Because until we convince Congress
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Jer dok ne uvjerimo Kongres
13:12
that the way to deal with copyright violation
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da se protiv kršenja autorskih prava
13:15
is the way copyright violation was dealt with with Napster, with YouTube,
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treba boriti kako se učinilo s Napsterom i s YouTube-om,
13:19
which is to have a trial with all the presentation of evidence
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na suđenju s izvođenjem dokaza
13:22
and the hashing out of facts and the assessment of remedies
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i analizom činjenica i utvrđivanjem rješenja
13:25
that goes on in democratic societies.
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kako se to radi u demokratskim društvima.
13:27
That's the way to handle this.
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Tako se treba nositi s ovim problemom.
13:29
In the meantime,
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U međuvremenu,
13:31
the hard thing to do is to be ready.
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teška stvar je ostati spreman.
13:33
Because that's the real message of PIPA and SOPA.
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Jer je to prava poruka PIPA-e i SOPA-e.
13:35
Time Warner has called
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Time Warner se izjasnio
13:37
and they want us all back on the couch,
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i žele da se svi vratimo na kauč,
13:39
just consuming --
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i samo konzumiramo --
13:41
not producing, not sharing --
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ne proizvodimo, ne dijelimo --
13:43
and we should say, "No."
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i mi bismo trebali odgovoriti, "Ne."
13:45
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
13:47
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Clay Shirky - Social Media TheoristClay Shirky argues that the history of the modern world could be rendered as the history of ways of arguing, where changes in media change what sort of arguments are possible -- with deep social and political implications.
Why you should listen
Clay Shirky's work focuses on the rising usefulness of networks -- using decentralized technologies such as peer-to-peer sharing, wireless, software for social creation, and open-source development. New technologies are enabling new kinds of cooperative structures to flourish as a way of getting things done in business, science, the arts and elsewhere, as an alternative to centralized and institutional structures, which he sees as self-limiting. In his writings and speeches he has argued that "a group is its own worst enemy."
Shirky is an adjunct professor in New York Universityʼs graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program, where he teaches a course named “Social Weather.” Heʼs the author of several books. This spring at the TED headquarters in New York, he gave an impassioned talk against SOPA/PIPA that saw 1 million views in 48 hours.
Clay Shirky | Speaker | TED.com