TEDSalon NY2012
Clay Shirky: Why SOPA is a bad idea
Klej Širki (Clay Shirky): Zašto je SOPA loša ideja
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
1,582,800 views
Šta će PIPA/SOPA značiti za naš svet u kome se dele sadržaji? U TED kancelarijama, Klej Širki izdaje jasan proglas - i poziva nas na odbranu naše slobode da stvaramo, diskutujemo, povezujemo i delimo, radije nego da samo pasivno konzumiramo.
Clay Shirky - Social Media Theorist
Clay Shirky argues that the history of the modern world could be rendered as the history of ways of arguing, where changes in media change what sort of arguments are possible -- with deep social and political implications. Full bio
Clay Shirky argues that the history of the modern world could be rendered as the history of ways of arguing, where changes in media change what sort of arguments are possible -- with deep social and political implications. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm going to start here.
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Počeću ovime.
00:17
This is a hand-lettered sign
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Ovo je rukom ispisan znak
00:19
that appeared in a mom and pop bakery
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koji se pojavio u jednoj porodičnoj pekari
00:21
in my old neighborhood in Brooklyn a few years ago.
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u mom starom kraju u Bruklinu pre nekoliko godina.
00:24
The store owned one of those machines
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Radnja je imala jednu od onih mašina
00:26
that can print on plates of sugar.
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koje mogu da štampaju na pločama šećera.
00:28
And kids could bring in drawings
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Deca su mogla da donesu svoje crteže
00:30
and have the store print a sugar plate
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i u radnji su mogli da ih odštampaju na ploči šećera
00:33
for the top of their birthday cake.
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i da ih stave na vrh svoje rođendanske torte.
00:35
But unfortunately, one of the things kids liked to draw
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Ali nažalost, jedna od stvari koju su deca volela da crtaju
00:38
was cartoon characters.
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su bili crtani likovi.
00:40
They liked to draw the Little Mermaid,
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Voleli su da crtaju Malu Sirenu,
00:42
they'd like to draw a smurf, they'd like to draw Micky Mouse.
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voleli su da crtaju štrumpfa, voleli su da crtaju Mikija Mausa.
00:45
But it turns out to be illegal
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Ali ispostavilo se da je protivzakonito
00:47
to print a child's drawing of Micky Mouse
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štampati dečije crteže Mikija Mausa
00:50
onto a plate of sugar.
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na ploči šećera.
00:53
And it's a copyright violation.
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To je povreda autorskih prava.
00:55
And policing copyright violations
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I nadzorni organi za povredu autorskih prava
00:57
for children's birthday cakes
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za dečije rođendanske torte
00:59
was such a hassle
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su izazvali takvu frku
01:01
that the College Bakery said,
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da su u Koledž pekari rekli
01:03
"You know what, we're getting out of that business.
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"Znate šta, mi se povlačimo iz tog posla.
01:05
If you're an amateur,
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Ako ste amater,
01:07
you don't have access to our machine anymore.
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nećete više moći da koristite našu mašinu.
01:09
If you want a printed sugar birthday cake,
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Ako želite rođendansku tortu štampanu šećerom,
01:11
you have to use one of our prefab images --
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moraćete da koristite neke od naših fabričkih slika
01:15
only for professionals."
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samo za profesionalce."
01:17
So there's two bills in Congress right now.
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Sada u Kongresu postoje dva predloga zakona.
01:20
One is called SOPA, the other is called PIPA.
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Jedan se zove SOPA, a drugi PIPA.
01:22
SOPA stands for the Stop Online Piracy Act.
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SOPA znači Zakon za sprečavanje onlajn piraterije.
01:24
It's from the Senate.
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Taj zakon predlaže Senat.
01:26
PIPA is short for PROTECTIP,
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PIPA je skraćeno od PROTECTIP,
01:29
which is itself short for
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što je samo po sebi skraćenica za
01:31
Preventing Real Online Threats
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"prevenciju ozbiljnih onlajn pretnji
01:33
to Economic Creativity
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ekonomskoj kreativnosti
01:35
and Theft of Intellectual Property --
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i krađi intelektualne svojine" -
01:37
because the congressional aides who name these things
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jer savetnici u kongresu koji smišljaju ovakve nazive
01:39
have a lot of time on their hands.
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imaju puno slobodnog vremena.
01:41
And what SOPA and PIPA want to do
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A šta SOPA i PIPA žele da urade
01:43
is they want to do this.
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je sledeće.
01:45
They want to raise the cost
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Oni žele da podignu cenu
01:47
of copyright compliance
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poštovanja autorskih prava
01:50
to the point where people simply get out of the business
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do te mere gde ljudi jednostavno izlaze iz poslova
01:53
of offering it as a capability to amateurs.
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koji nude mogućnosti amaterima.
01:56
Now the way they propose to do this
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Oni predlažu da se to uradi tako
01:59
is to identify sites
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što će se identifikovati sajtovi
02:01
that are substantially infringing on copyright --
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koji u osnovi krše autorska prava -
02:03
although how those sites are identified
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međutim na koji način će se ti sajtovi identifikovati
02:05
is never fully specified in the bills --
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nije tačno precizirano u predlogu zakona -
02:07
and then they want to remove them from the domain name system.
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i oni žele da ih sklone iz sistema imena domena.
02:10
They want to take them out of the domain name system.
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Oni žele da ih uklone iz sistema domena.
02:12
Now the domain name system
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Sistem imena domena
02:14
is the thing that turns human-readable names, like Google.com,
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je ono što pretvara čitljive ljudske nazive, kao Google.com,
02:17
into the kinds of addresses
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u neku vrstu adresa
02:19
machines expect --
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koju mašine razumeju --
02:21
74.125.226.212.
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74.125.226.212.
02:26
Now the problem with this model of censorship,
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Problem sa ovom vrstom cenzure,
02:29
of identifying a site
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sa identifikovanjem sajta
02:31
and then trying to remove it from the domain name system,
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i zatim pokušajem da se on ukloni iz sistema imena domena,
02:33
is that it won't work.
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je to što to neće funkcionisati.
02:35
And you'd think that would be a pretty big problem for a law,
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I vi biste pomislili da će to biti prilično veliki problem za zakonodavce
02:38
but Congress seems not to have let that bother them too much.
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ali Kongres ne dozvoljava da ih to preterano muči.
02:40
Now the reason it won't work
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Razlog zbog čega to neće funkcionisati
02:42
is that you can still type 74.125.226.212 into the browser
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je to što vi i dalje možete da ukucate 74.125.226.212. u pretraživač
02:46
or you can make it a clickable link
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ili da ga pretvorite u link na koji možete da kliknete
02:48
and you'll still go to Google.
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i on će vas odvesti do Gugla.
02:51
So the policing layer
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Tako da sloj nadzora
02:53
around the problem
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koji obavija ovaj problem
02:55
becomes the real threat of the act.
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postaje prava pretnja za celu stvar.
02:59
Now to understand how Congress came to write a bill
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Da biste razumeli kako je Kongres uspeo da napiše predlog zakona
03:02
that won't accomplish its stated goals,
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koji neće postići svoje zacrtane ciljeve,
03:05
but will produce a lot of pernicious side effects,
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ali će proizvesti mnogo opasnih sporednih efekata,
03:07
you have to understand a little bit about the back story.
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morate imati uvid u pozadinu priče.
03:09
And the back story is this:
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A pozadina je ovo:
03:11
SOPA and PIPA, as legislation,
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SOPA i PIPA, su kao zakoni
03:13
were drafted largely by media companies
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napisani u velikoj meri od strane medijskih kompanija
03:16
that were founded in the 20th century.
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koje su osnovane u dvadesetom veku.
03:18
The 20th century was a great time to be a media company,
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Dvadeseti vek je bio odlično vreme za medijske kompanije,
03:20
because the thing you really had on your side was scarcity.
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jer ono što ste imali kao kec u rukavu je oskudica.
03:23
If you were making a TV show,
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Ako ste pravili TV emisiju,
03:25
it didn't have to be better than all other TV shows ever made;
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ona nije morala da bude bolja od ostalih TV emisija;
03:29
it only had to be better
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samo je morala da bude bolja
03:31
than the two other shows
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od ostale dve emisije
03:33
that were on at the same time --
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koje su bile na programu u isto vreme -
03:35
which is a very low threshold
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što je prilično nizak stepen
03:37
of competitive difficulty.
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konkurencije.
03:40
Which meant
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Što je značilo
03:42
that if you fielded average content,
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da ako imate sasvim prosečan sadržaj,
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you got a third of the U.S. public for free --
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dobijate trećinu gledanosti u SAD za džabe -
03:47
tens of millions of users
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desetine miliona korisnika,
03:50
for simply doing something
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kad uradite bilo šta
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that wasn't too terrible.
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što nije mnogo strašno.
03:54
This is like having a license to print money
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To je kao da imate dozvolu da štampate novac,
03:56
and a barrel of free ink.
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a onda i bure besplatnog mastila.
03:58
But technology moved on, as technology is wont to do.
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Ali tehnologija je napredovala, kao što tehnologije inače rade.
04:01
And slowly, slowly, at the end of the 20th century,
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I polako, do kraja dvadesetog veka
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that scarcity started to get eroded --
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ta oskudica je počela da erodira -
04:06
and I don't mean by digital technology;
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i to ne mislim zbog digitalne tehnologije;
04:08
I mean by analog technology.
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već zbog analogne tehnologije.
04:10
Cassette tapes, video cassette recorders,
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Video kasete, video rekorderi,
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even the humble Xerox machine
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čak i skormna fotokopir mašina
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created new opportunities
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omogućila nam je
04:16
for us to behave in ways
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da se ponašamo na način
04:18
that astonished the media business.
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koji je zaprepastio biznis medija.
04:20
Because it turned out
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Jer se ispostavilo da
04:22
we're not really couch potatoes.
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mi zapravo nismo samo zalepljeni za kućne fotelje.
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We don't really like to only consume.
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I da mi ne želimo samo da konzumiramo.
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We do like to consume,
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Mi volimo da konzumiramo
04:29
but every time one of these new tools came along,
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ali svaki put kad je izašla neka od ovih novih spravica,
04:32
it turned out we also like to produce
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ispostavilo se da mi isto tako volimo i da proizvodimo
04:34
and we like to share.
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i da volimo da delimo to sa drugima.
04:36
And this freaked the media businesses out --
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I to je uplašilo biznis medija -
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it freaked them out every time.
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i svaki put ih je izbezumilo.
04:40
Jack Valenti, who was the head lobbyist
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Džek Velenti, koji je bio glavni lobista
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for the Motion Picture Association of America,
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za Američku filmsku asocijaciju,
04:44
once likened the ferocious video cassette recorder
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je jednom prilikom uporedio opaki video rekorder
04:48
to Jack the Ripper
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sa Džekom Trbosekom
04:50
and poor, helpless Hollywood
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a jadni, bespomoćni Holivud
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to a woman at home alone.
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sa ženom koja je sama kod kuće.
04:55
That was the level of rhetoric.
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To je bio taj nivo retorike.
04:57
And so the media industries
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Tako da su medijske industrije
04:59
begged, insisted, demanded
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molile, insistirale, zahtevale
05:01
that Congress do something.
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da Kongres nešto preduzme.
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And Congress did something.
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I Kongres jeste nešto preduzeo.
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By the early 90s, Congress passed the law
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Do ranih devedesetih, Kongres je izglasao zakon
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that changed everything.
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koji je sve promenio.
05:10
And that law was called the Audio Home Recording Act
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I taj zakon se zvao Odredba o kućnom snimanju
05:12
of 1992.
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1992.
05:14
What the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 said was,
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Ono što Odredba o kućnom snimanju iz 1992. kaže je
05:17
look, if people are taping stuff off the radio
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da ako ljudi nešto snimaju sa radija
05:19
and then making mixtapes for their friends,
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i onda prave mikseve na kasetama za svoje prijatelje,
05:22
that is not a crime. That's okay.
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to nije zločin. To je okej.
05:25
Taping and remixing
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Snimanje i remiksovanje
05:27
and sharing with your friends is okay.
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i zatim deljenje toga sa svojim prijateljima je okej.
05:30
If you make lots and lots of high quality copies and you sell them,
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Ako napravite gomilu kopija viskog kvaliteta
05:32
that's not okay.
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i prodajete ih, to nije u redu.
05:34
But this taping business,
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Ali ovaj posao sa presnimavanjem,
05:36
fine, let it go.
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dobro, neka bude.
05:38
And they thought that they clarified the issue,
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I oni su mislili da je stvar jasna,
05:41
because they'd set out a clear distinction
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jer su postavili jasnu razliku
05:43
between legal and illegal copying.
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između legalnog i neleganog kopiranja.
05:45
But that wasn't what the media businesses wanted.
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Ali to nije ono što su medijske kompanije želele.
05:48
They had wanted Congress
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One su htele da Kongres
05:50
to outlaw copying full-stop.
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protera presnimavanje i tačka.
05:53
So when the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 was passed,
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Tako da kada je Odredba o kućnom snimanju iz 1992. usvojena,
05:56
the media businesses gave up on the idea
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medijske kompanije su odustale od ideje
06:00
of legal versus illegal distinctions for copying
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razlikovanja legalnog i nelegalnog presnimavanja
06:02
because it was clear
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jer je bilo jasno
06:04
that if Congress was acting in their framework,
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da ako Kongres deluje u njihovom okviru,
06:06
they might actually increase the rights of citizens
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oni zapravo mogu povećati prava građana
06:10
to participate in our own media environment.
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da učestvuju u svom medijskom okruženju.
06:12
So they went for plan B.
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Tako da su krenuli na plan B.
06:14
It took them a while to formulate plan B.
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Formulisanje plana B je potrajalo.
06:16
Plan B appeared in its first full-blown form
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Plan B se pojavio u svojoj
06:18
in 1998 --
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prvoj punoj formi 1998.
06:20
something called the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
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nešto što se zvalo Digitalna milenijumska uredba o presnimavanju.
06:23
It was a complicated piece of legislation, a lot of moving parts.
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To je bio komplikovani zakon, sa puno poglavlja.
06:25
But the main thrust of the DMCA
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Ali glavni udarac DMUP
06:28
was that it was legal to sell you
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je taj što je legalno kupovati
06:30
uncopyable digital material --
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digitalni materiajal koji ne može da se kopira
06:32
except that there's no such things as uncopyable digital material.
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s tim što ne postoji digitalni materijal koji ne može da se kopira.
06:35
It would be, as Ed Felton once famously said,
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To je, kao što je Ed Felton jednom rekao,
06:37
"Like handing out water
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"Kao davati vodu
06:39
that wasn't wet."
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koja nije mokra".
06:41
Bits are copyable. That's what computers do.
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Bitovi mogu da se kopiraju. To je ono što kompjuteri rade.
06:44
That is a side effect of their ordinary operation.
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To je deo njihove uobičajene operacije.
06:47
So in order to fake the ability
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Da bi lažirali mogućnost
06:49
to sell uncopyable bits,
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prodaje bitova koji se ne kopiraju,
06:51
the DMCA also made it legal
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DMUP je takođe ozakonila
06:53
to force you to use systems
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nametanje korišćenja sistema
06:56
that broke the copying function of your devices.
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koji su kvarili funkciju kopiranja na vašem uređaju.
06:59
Every DVD player and game player
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Svaki DVD plejer i igračka konzola
07:01
and television and computer you brought home --
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i televizor i računar koji ste doneli kući
07:04
no matter what you thought you were getting when you bought it --
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bez obzira na to šta ste vi mislila da kupujete -
07:07
could be broken by the content industries,
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je mogao da bude pokvaren od strane industrije sadržaja
07:10
if they wanted to set that as a condition of selling you the content.
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ako su oni želeli da postave to kao uslov da vam prodaju sadržaj.
07:13
And to make sure you didn't realize,
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I da bi se pobrinuli da vi ne shvatite
07:16
or didn't enact their capabilities
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ili ako ne podrazumevate njihove karakteristike
07:19
as general purpose computing devices,
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kao komjuterske naprave za generalnu upotrebu,
07:21
they also made it illegal
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oni su takođe učinili nezakonitim
07:23
for you to try to reset
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da probate da resetujete
07:25
the copyability of that content.
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mogućnost kopiranja tog sadržaja.
07:27
The DMCA marks the moment
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DMUP beleži trenutak
07:29
when the media industries
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kada je medijska industrija
07:31
gave up on the legal system
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odustala od pravnog sistema
07:33
of distinguishing between legal and illegal copying
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koji postavlja razliku između legalnog i nelegalnog kopiranja
07:36
and simply tried to prevent copying
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i jednostavno probala da spreči kopiranje
07:39
through technical means.
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tehničkim onemogućavanjem.
07:41
Now the DMCA had, and is continuing to have, a lot of complicated effects,
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DMUP je imao i još uvek ima neke probleme,
07:44
but in this one domain, limiting sharing,
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ali u domenu limitiranog deljenja sadržaja,
07:47
it has mostly not worked.
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uglavnom nije radio kako treba.
07:49
And the main reason it hasn't worked
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A glavni razlog zašto to nije radilo
07:51
is the Internet has turned out to be far more popular and far more powerful
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je to što je Internet postao mnogo popularniji i moćniji
07:54
than anyone imagined.
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nego što se moglo zamisliti.
07:57
The mixtape, the fanzine,
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Kopirane kasete, magazini za fanove,
07:59
that was nothing compared to what we're seeing now
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nisu bili ništa u poređenju sa ovim što sada
08:01
with the Internet.
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omogućava Internet.
08:03
We are in a world
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Mi smo u svetu
08:05
where most American citizens
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gde većina američkih državljana
08:07
over the age of 12
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preko 12 godina
08:09
share things with each other online.
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deli onlajn sadržaje jedni sa drugima.
08:11
We share written things, we share images,
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Delimo tekstove, slike
08:13
we share audio, we share video.
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audio i video fajlove.
08:15
Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've made.
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Nešto od onoga što delimo su stvari koje smo mi napravili.
08:17
Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've found.
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Neke stvari smo pronašli.
08:19
Some of the stuff we share
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Neke stvari
08:21
is stuff we've made out of what we've found,
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smo napravili od onoga što smo pronašli
08:23
and all of it horrifies those industries.
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i sve to užasava te industrije.
08:26
So PIPA and SOPA
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Tako da su PIPA i SOPA
08:28
are round two.
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zapravo druga runda.
08:30
But where the DMCA was surgical --
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Ali dok je DMUP bila hiruška -
08:32
we want to go down into your computer,
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mi želimo da uđemo u vaš računar,
08:35
we want to go down into your television set, down into your game machine,
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mi želimo da uđemo u vaš televizor, u vaše konzole,
08:38
and prevent it from doing
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i da ih sprečimo da rade
08:40
what they said it would do at the store --
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ono što su u prodavnici rekli da će raditi -
08:42
PIPA and SOPA are nuclear
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PIPA i SOPA su nuklearni
08:44
and they're saying, we want to go anywhere in the world
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i oni kažu, mi želimo da idemo gde god poželimo na svetu
08:48
and censor content.
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i da cenzurišemo sadržaj.
08:50
Now the mechanism, as I said, for doing this,
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Kao što sam rekao, mehanizam koji ovo omogućava
08:53
is you need to take out anybody
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mora da ukloni svakoga
08:56
pointing to those IP addresses.
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ko vodi do tih IP adresa.
08:58
You need to take them out of search engines,
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Moraju da se uklone iz pretraživača,
09:00
you need to take them out of online directories,
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iz onlajn direktorijuma,
09:02
you need to take them out of user lists.
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da ih uklone sa liste korisnika.
09:05
And because the biggest producers of content on the Internet
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A s obzirom da najveći proizvođači sadržaja na Internetu
09:09
are not Google and Yahoo,
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nisu Gugle i Jahu,
09:12
they're us,
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već mi
09:14
we're the people getting policed.
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mi smo oni koje treba kazniti.
09:16
Because in the end,
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Jer na kraju krajeva
09:18
the real threat
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prava pretnja
09:21
to the enactment of PIPA and SOPA
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ozakonjavanju PIPE i SOPE
09:24
is our ability to share things with one another.
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je mogućnost da delimo sadržaje jedni sa drugima.
09:27
So what PIPA and SOPA risk doing
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Ono što PIPA i SOPA rizikuju da urade
09:30
is taking a centuries-old legal concept,
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je da uzmu vekovima star pravni koncept,
09:33
innocent until proven guilty,
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nevin dok se ne dokaže suprotno,
09:35
and reversing it --
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i da ga preokrenu -
09:37
guilty until proven innocent.
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kriv dok se ne dokaže da je nevin.
09:39
You can't share
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Ne možete da delite sadržaj
09:41
until you show us
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dok nam ne pokažete
09:44
that you're not sharing something
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da ne delite nešto
09:46
we don't like.
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što se nama ne sviđa.
09:48
Suddenly, the burden of proof for legal versus illegal
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Odjednom, teret dokazivanja da li je legalno ili ne
09:51
falls affirmatively on us
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sigurno pada na nas
09:53
and on the services
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i na servise
09:55
that might be offering us any new capabilities.
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koji nam nude nove mogućnosti.
09:58
And if it costs even a dime
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I ako nadgledanje korisnika
10:01
to police a user,
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košta i samo jednu paru
10:03
that will crush a service
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to će servis sa stotinu miliona korisnika
10:05
with a hundred million users.
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dovesti do bankrota.
10:07
So this is the Internet they have in mind.
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Tako su oni zamislili Internet.
10:09
Imagine this sign everywhere --
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Zamislite ovaj znak svuda -
10:12
except imagine it doesn't say College Bakery,
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samo da ne piše Koledž pekara
10:15
imagine it says YouTube
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već da piše Jutjub
10:17
and Facebook and Twitter.
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i Fejsbuk i Tviter.
10:19
Imagine it says TED,
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Zamislite da piše TED,
10:21
because the comments can't be policed
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jer komentari mogu da se nadgledaju i ukinu
10:24
at any acceptable cost.
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po svaku prihvatljivu cenu.
10:27
The real effects of SOPA and PIPA
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Prave posledice SOPE i PIPE
10:30
are going to be different than the proposed effects.
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će biti drugačije od pretpostavljenih posledica.
10:33
The threat, in fact,
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Pretnja je zapravo
10:35
is this inversion of the burden of proof,
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preokretanje tereta dokazivanja,
10:38
where we suddenly
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gde nas odjednom
10:40
are all treated like thieves
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tretiraju kao lopove
10:42
at every moment we're given the freedom to create,
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u svakom trenutku gde nam je omogućeno da stvaramo,
10:45
to produce or to share.
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da proizvodimo ili da delimo.
10:48
And the people who provide those capabilities to us --
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A ljudi koji su nam to omogućili -
10:51
the YouTubes, the Facebooks, the Twitters and TEDs --
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Jutjubovi, Fejsbukovi, Tviteri i TEDovi -
10:54
are in the business
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će morati da nas nadgledaju,
10:56
of having to police us,
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i uklanjanju,
10:58
or being on the hook for contributory infringement.
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ili da budu učesnici u kršenju zakona.
11:01
There's two things you can do
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Postoje dve stvari koje vi možete da uradite
11:03
to help stop this --
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da pomognete da ovo prestane -
11:05
a simple thing and a complicated thing,
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jedna je jednostavna, a jedna je komplikovna stvar,
11:08
an easy thing and a hard thing.
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laka stvar i teška stvar.
11:10
The simple thing, the easy thing, is this:
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Jednostavna stvar je ova:
11:12
if you're an American citizen,
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ako ste američki državljanin,
11:14
call your representative, call your senator.
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nazovite svog predstavnika, nazovite svog senatora.
11:17
When you look at
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Ako pogledate ljude koji su
11:20
the people who co-signed on the SOPA bill,
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potpisivali SOPA predlog zakona
11:23
people who've co-signed on PIPA,
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ljude koji su potpisivali PIPA
11:25
what you see is that they have cumulatively received
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ono što vidite je da su oni kumulativno dobijali
11:28
millions and millions of dollars
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milione i milione dolara
11:31
from the traditional media industries.
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od tradicionalnih medijskih industrija.
11:33
You don't have millions and millions of dollars,
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Vi nemate milione i milione dolara,
11:35
but you can call your representatives,
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ali možete pozvati vaše predstavnike,
11:37
and you can remind them that you vote,
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i podsetiti ih da ste glasači
11:40
and you can ask not to be treated like a thief,
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i zamoliti ih da vas ne tretiraju kao lopove,
11:43
and you can suggest that you would prefer
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i možete da im predložite da biste više voleli
11:45
that the Internet not be broken.
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da se Intenet ne pokvari.
11:48
And if you're not an American citizen,
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A ako niste američki državljanin,
11:50
you can contact American citizens that you know
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možete kontaktirati Amerikance koje poznajete
11:52
and encourage them to do the same.
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i ohrabriti ih da učine isto.
11:54
Because this seems like a national issue,
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Jer ovo izgleda kao nacionalno pitanje,
11:56
but it is not.
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ali nije.
11:58
These industries will not be content
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Ove industrije neće biti zadovoljne
12:00
with breaking our Internet.
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ako slome naš Internet.
12:02
If they break it, they will break it for everybody.
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Ako ga slome, biće slomljen za sve.
12:05
That's the easy thing.
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To je laka stvar.
12:07
That's the simple thing.
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To je jednostavna stvar.
12:09
The hard thing is this:
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Teška stvar je ovo:
12:11
get ready, because more is coming.
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budite spremni, jer biće još toga.
12:14
SOPA is simply a reversion of COICA,
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SOPA je jednostavno samo verzija COICA
12:17
which was purposed last year, which did not pass.
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koji je predložen prošle godine, ali nije ozakonjen.
12:19
And all of this goes back
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I sve ovo ide do
12:21
to the failure of the DMCA
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neuspeha DMUP
12:23
to disallow sharing as a technical means.
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da zabrani deljenje tehničkim onemogućavanjem.
12:25
And the DMCA goes back to the Audio Home Recording Act,
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A DMUP ide od Uredbe o kućnom presnimavanju,
12:28
which horrified those industries.
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koje je užasavalo te industrije.
12:30
Because the whole business
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Jer čitava stvar
12:32
of actually suggesting that someone is breaking the law
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pretpostavljanja da neko krši zakon
12:35
and then gathering evidence and proving that,
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i onda nalaženja dokaza za to
12:37
that turns out to be really inconvenient.
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je ustvari zaista neugodna.
12:40
"We'd prefer not to do that,"
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"Mi radije ne bismo da to radimo"
12:42
says the content industries.
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kažu industrije koje omogućavaju sadržaj.
12:44
And what they want is not to have to do that.
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A one žele da ne moraju to da rade.
12:47
They don't want legal distinctions
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Ne žele pravnu razliku
12:49
between legal and illegal sharing.
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između legalnog i nelegalnog deljenja sadržaja.
12:51
They just want the sharing to go away.
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One samo žele da deljenje sadržaja nestane.
12:53
PIPA and SOPA are not oddities, they're not anomalies,
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PIPA i SOPA nisu čudni, nisu anomalije,
12:56
they're not events.
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nisu događaji.
12:58
They're the next turn of this particular screw,
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Oni su sledeće okretanje jednog posebnog šrafa,
13:01
which has been going on 20 years now.
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koji se okreće već proteklih 20 godina.
13:03
And if we defeat these, as I hope we do,
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I ako uspemo da ih porazimo ovde, kao što se ja nadam,
13:05
more is coming.
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još tek sledi.
13:07
Because until we convince Congress
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Jer dok ne ubedimo Kongres
13:12
that the way to deal with copyright violation
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da je način na koji treba tretirati povrede autorskih prava
13:15
is the way copyright violation was dealt with with Napster, with YouTube,
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način na koji su one rešene sa Nepsterom, sa Jutjubom,
13:19
which is to have a trial with all the presentation of evidence
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a to je suđenje sa predstavljanjem svih dokaza
13:22
and the hashing out of facts and the assessment of remedies
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i diskutovanjem o činjenicama i proceni pravnih lekova
13:25
that goes on in democratic societies.
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kako se inače dešava u demokratskim društvima.
13:27
That's the way to handle this.
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To je način na koji bi ovo trebalo da se rešava.
13:29
In the meantime,
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U međuvremenu,
13:31
the hard thing to do is to be ready.
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teža stvar je biti spreman,
13:33
Because that's the real message of PIPA and SOPA.
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Jer to je prava poruka koju šalju PIPA i SOPA.
13:35
Time Warner has called
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Tajm Vorner je zvao
13:37
and they want us all back on the couch,
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i oni žele da se vratimo u fotelje
13:39
just consuming --
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i da konzumiramo -
13:41
not producing, not sharing --
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ne da proizvodimo, ne da delimo -
13:43
and we should say, "No."
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i mi treba da kažemo "Ne".
13:45
Thank you.
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Hvala.
13:47
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Clay Shirky - Social Media TheoristClay Shirky argues that the history of the modern world could be rendered as the history of ways of arguing, where changes in media change what sort of arguments are possible -- with deep social and political implications.
Why you should listen
Clay Shirky's work focuses on the rising usefulness of networks -- using decentralized technologies such as peer-to-peer sharing, wireless, software for social creation, and open-source development. New technologies are enabling new kinds of cooperative structures to flourish as a way of getting things done in business, science, the arts and elsewhere, as an alternative to centralized and institutional structures, which he sees as self-limiting. In his writings and speeches he has argued that "a group is its own worst enemy."
Shirky is an adjunct professor in New York Universityʼs graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program, where he teaches a course named “Social Weather.” Heʼs the author of several books. This spring at the TED headquarters in New York, he gave an impassioned talk against SOPA/PIPA that saw 1 million views in 48 hours.
Clay Shirky | Speaker | TED.com