Emma Marris: Nature is everywhere -- we just need to learn to see it
Emma Marris: Příroda je všude – jen se musíme naučit ji vidět
Emma Marris is a writer focusing on environmental science, policy and culture, with an approach that she paints as being "more interested in finding and describing solutions than delineating problems, and more interested in joy than despair." Full bio
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that we are destroying nature
že ničíme přírodu,
unfortunately also the case.
to define nature in a way
we're creating for ourselves,
left for our children
až se stanou dospělými
and their timber,
všechny lidi,
as all the wild mammals put together.
divocí savci dohromady.
to the sand on ocean beaches.
malé částice plastu.
with our artificial fertilizers.
chemické složení půdy.
the chemistry of the air.
chemické složení vzduchu.
42 percent more carbon dioxide
under this rubric of the "Anthropocene."
that some geologists are suggesting
je lidský vliv během ní.
human influence has been over it.
but I think it's a helpful way
ale myslím, že je to užitečný způsob,
of human influence on the planet.
vlivu na planetu.
where everything is influenced by humans?
kde je vše ovlivněno lidmi?
Bill McKibben said
Bill McKibben řekl,
was a thing apart from man
všechno kromě toho lidského.
was altered by man,
změněn člověkem,
"The End of Nature."
"Konec přírody".
I just disagree with this.
Prostě s tím nesouhlasím.
because, fundamentally, we are animals.
protože v zásadě jsme zvířata.
with which we share a planet,
se kterými sdílíme planetu
and all the other microbes.
a všemi ostatními mikroby.
by humanity, man or woman.
mužem či ženou.
is anywhere where life thrives,
kde se daří životu,
multiple species together,
and thriving and filled with life
a prosperita a život
are certain parts of this nature
as kind of Edenic representations
jako o rajských reprezentacích
we screwed everything up.
by our day to day activities.
našimi každodenními aktivitami.
have no roads or few roads,
silnic nebo žádné,
are deeply influenced by humans.
hluboce ovlivněny lidmi.
North America, for example,
Severní Ameriku,
when people first came here,
kdy sem poprvé přišli lidé,
of interacting with the nature
of a big slew of large-bodied animals,
velkých zvířat,
pozemního lenochoda,
to the giant ground sloth,
that unfortunately are no longer with us.
která s námi už bohužel nejsou.
didn't stand still.
changed grasslands into forests,
změnily louky v lesy,
from one tree to another.
vypadajících místech,
of a past before humans,
minulost bez lidí,
at a humanized landscape.
krajinu polidštěnou.
but historical humans, indigenous people
historických, domorodých,
when the first colonizers showed up.
kolonizátoři.
for the other continents as well.
for a very long time.
již hodně dlouho.
I was just there.
Zrovna jsem tam byla.
sent me to Manú National Park,
poslal do národního parku Manú,
uncleared, no roads,
nekáceného, bez silnic,
nejrozmanitějších parků na světě.
biodiverse parks in the world.
what did I find, but people.
co jsem neobjevila? Lidi.
for hundreds and thousands of years.
just float over the jungle.
with the landscape.
to build their houses,
k výstavbě domů,
that we consider to be wild animals.
ze zvířat, která považujeme za divoká.
ovlivňují způsobem,
with the environment
and that you can see in the environment.
v tom prostředí můžete vidět.
an anthropologist on this trip,
floating down the river,
no demographic voids in the Amazon."
demografická prázdnota."
is that the whole Amazon is like this.
že celá Amazonie je takováto.
tropical forests are the same,
ecosystems in the past,
to influence them in the present,
they're harder to notice.
pozorovatelné.
that we might want to use
untouched by humanity
a result where we don't have any nature,
že nemáme žádnou přírodu,
by the presence of multiple species,
přítomností více druhů živočichů,
there's nature all around us.
motýla Monarchy stěhovavého,
we see this Monarch caterpillar
v Chattanooga.
plant species growing there,
hmyzího života.
a completely wild space.
zcela divoké místo.
right under our nose,
přímo před námi,
little paradox, too.
suburban agricultural existence
zemědělské existence,
than a national park,
než národní park,
are very carefully managed
v 21. století
which is my closest national park,
což je můj nejbližší národní park,
that seems to be coming out of the past.
se zdá vycházet z minulosti.
is white bark pine die-off.
je vymírání jedle bělokoré.
is a beautiful, charismatic --
right now with disease.
s nemocemi.
that was introduced,
the park service has been planting
správci parku vysazují
pine seedlings in the park,
otherwise managing as wilderness.
spravují jako divočinu.
beetle repellent in key areas
repelent proti kůrovcům,
much more common than you would think.
než byste si mysleli.
population size and structure.
struktuře a populaci.
is doing all of the things I just listed:
dělá všechny tyto věci:
reintroducing bison.
these places look untouched.
vypadala nepoznamenaně.
these places that we love the most
která máme nejraději,
a little too hard, sometimes.
máme až moc rádi.
them to be stable
aby byla stabilní
more fragile over time.
the absolute worst places
nejhoršími místy,
out in the middle of nowhere.
for five hours
is hunker down in one spot
just work with it,
prostě něco vymyslet,
build a fort, do something like that.
postavit bunkr, něco takového.
They're hard to visit.
Je těžké je navštívit.
only available to the elites,
jen pro elitu,
did a survey of young people,
průzkum u mladých lidí,
do you spend time outdoors?
čas venku.
spent time outdoors
were just staying inside.
what are the barriers to going outside,
co jim brání jít ven,
žádná přírodní místa."
This is just patently false.
Zjevně to není pravda.
of a city park.
are similar in other countries.
platí i u jiných zemí.
your back garden,
forgotten how to see it.
jak ji vidět.
watching David Attenborough documentaries
sledováním dokumentů Davida Attenborougha,
that is literally right outside our door,
která je doslova za našimi dveřmi,
that's been abandoned.
a která je opuštěná.
of the High Line story in Manhattan,
High Line z Manhattanu,
developed this into a park yet,
nepředělali v park,
sort of secret wilderness
tajná divočina
in the chain-link fence,
v drátěném plotě,
completely wild meadow
the city of Philadelphia.
grew from a seed
ze semínka,
self-willed nature.
svéhlavá příroda.
to do sort of biosurveys,
biologické průzkumy
plant species up there.
a functioning ecosystem.
It's sequestering carbon.
Koncentruje uhlík.
ecosystems like these "novel ecosystems,"
"nové ekosystémy",
dominated by non-native species,
nedomorodé druhy
we've ever seen before.
all these novel ecosystems as trash.
všechny tyto nové ekosystémy jako odpad.
regrown agricultural fields,
being managed on a day-to-day basis,
na každodenní bázi,
the entire East Coast,
na celém východním pobřeží,
the forest sprung up.
na západ, vyrostl les.
novel ecosystem, too.
and he did this experiment himself.
a sám provedl tento experiment.
he had some grad students come,
a bio-blitz of his backyard,
jeho zahrady
on that future High Line of Philadelphia,
philadelphské High Line,
this abundance, this vibrance,
hojností, živostí,
for a local school,
that counts as nature,
počítat jako příroda,
that wouldn't count as nature.
které se za přírodu považovat nedá.
no other plants, no other animals.
žádné jiné rostliny, žádná jiná zvířata.
throw a ladder over the side
into this cool meadow.
na tu louku.
the choice that faces us.
volba, která před námi leží.
as not acceptable or trashy or no good,
za nepřijatelnou, mizernou nebo špatnou,
everything is changing,
about how we define nature.
jak definujeme přírodu.
from our children,
as that which is untouched.
jako to, co je nedotčené.
for thousands of years.
již po tisíce let.
that most people can visit
může většina lidí navštívit
that children cannot touch.
mohou děti dotýkat.
that we have to do,
kterou musíme udělat,
let children touch nature,
is untouched is unloved.
je nemilováno.
environmental challenges on this planet.
životního prostředí na téhle planetě.
habitat loss is my favorite thing
místa výskytu je má oblíbená,
in the middle of the night.
smart, dedicated people --
chytré, zanícené lidi –
a generation of people
jak vychováme generaci lidí,
every conservation biologist I know,
každý biolog ochranář, kterého znám,
that doesn't know how to build a fort,
neumí postavit bunkr,
know how to care about nature.
neví, jak se starat o přírodu.
to be the one to tell this kid,
která řekne tomuto dítěti,
from poor neighborhoods
z chudých čtvrtí
that the flower he's holding
že ta kytka, kterou drží,
that he should throw away as trash.
který by měl hodit do koše.
learn from this boy
od toho chlapce,
where this plant comes from,
ta kytka pochází,
to be touched and appreciated.
dotýkaná a oceněná.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Emma Marris - Environmental writerEmma Marris is a writer focusing on environmental science, policy and culture, with an approach that she paints as being "more interested in finding and describing solutions than delineating problems, and more interested in joy than despair."
Why you should listen
Emma Marris has written among others for Nature, Discover and the New York Times. She challenges the notion that nature can only be preserved in its pristine, pre-human state, a too-narrow characterization "that thwarts bold new plans to save the environment and prevents us from having a fuller relationship with nature." Humans have changed the landscape they inhabit since prehistory, and climate change means even the remotest places now bear the fingerprints of humanity. In her book Rambunctious Garden: Saving Nature in the Post-Wild World, she argues that we need different strategies for saving nature and champions a blurring of the lines between nature and people for a responsible care of our humanized planet.
Emma Marris | Speaker | TED.com