TEDxBloomington
Shawn Achor: The happy secret to better work
Shawn Achor: Den lykkelige hemmelighed bag bedre arbejde
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Vi mener, at vi bør arbejde for at blive lykkelige, men kunne det være omvendt? I dette tempofyldte og underholdende foredrag fra TEDxBloomington argumenterer psykologen Shawn Achor for, at det faktisk er lykke, der skaber produktivitet.
Shawn Achor - Psychologist
Shawn Achor is the CEO of Good Think Inc., where he researches and teaches about positive psychology. Full bio
Shawn Achor is the CEO of Good Think Inc., where he researches and teaches about positive psychology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
When I was seven years old and my sister was just five years old,
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Da jeg var syv år gammel, og min søster var fem,
00:18
we were playing on top of a bunk bed.
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sad vi og legede på en køjeseng.
00:21
I was two years older than my sister at the time --
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Jeg var på det tidspunkt to år ældre end min søster --
00:23
I mean, I'm two years older than her now --
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jeg er også to år ældre end hende i dag --
00:26
but at the time it meant she had to do everything that I wanted to do,
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men på det tidspunkt betød det, at hun var nødt til altid at lege det, jeg ville lege,
00:29
and I wanted to play war.
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og jeg ville lege krig.
00:31
So we were up on top of our bunk beds.
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Så vi sad ovenpå køjesengen.
00:33
And on one side of the bunk bed,
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På den ene side af køjesengen
00:35
I had put out all of my G.I. Joe soldiers and weaponry.
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stod alle mine actionmænd og deres våben.
00:37
And on the other side were all my sister's My Little Ponies
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Og på den alle side stod alle min søsters My Little Pony figurer
00:40
ready for a cavalry charge.
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klar til et kavaleriangreb.
00:42
There are differing accounts of what actually happened that afternoon,
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Der er forskellige beretninger om, hvad der egentlig skete den eftermiddag,
00:44
but since my sister is not here with us today,
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men siden min søster ikke er her i dag,
00:47
let me tell you the true story --
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får I den sande historie --
00:49
(Laughter) --
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(Latter) --
00:51
which is my sister's a little bit on the clumsy side.
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som er, at min søster er lidt småklodset.
00:53
Somehow, without any help or push from her older brother at all,
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På en eller anden måde, helt uden nogen form for skub fra sin bror,
00:56
suddenly Amy disappeared off of the top of the bunk bed
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røg Amy pludselig af køjesengen
00:58
and landed with this crash on the floor.
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og landede med et brag på gulvet.
01:00
Now I nervously peered over the side of the bed
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Jeg kiggede nervøst ud over sengekanten
01:02
to see what had befallen my fallen sister
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for at se, hvad der var sket min faldne søster,
01:05
and saw that she had landed painfully on her hands and knees
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og så, at hun var landet hårdt på sine hænder og knæ
01:07
on all fours on the ground.
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på alle fire på jorden.
01:09
I was nervous because my parents had charged me
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Jeg var urolig, fordi mine forældre havde givet mig til opgave
01:11
with making sure that my sister and I
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at sørge for, at min søster og jeg
01:13
played as safely and as quietly as possible.
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legede så sikkert og lydløst som muligt.
01:16
And seeing as how I had accidentally broken Amy's arm
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Og eftersom jeg ved et uheld havde brækket Amys arm
01:19
just one week before ...
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blot en uge tidligere...
01:21
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
01:25
... heroically pushing her out of the way
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... ved heroisk at skubbe hende
01:27
of an oncoming imaginary sniper bullet,
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ud af et imaginært geværskuds bane,
01:30
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
01:32
for which I have yet to be thanked,
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hvilket jeg stadig ikke har fået tak for,
01:34
I was trying as hard as I could --
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gjorde jeg mit bedste --
01:36
she didn't even see it coming --
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hun nåede ikke engang at opdage det --
01:38
I was trying as hard as I could to be on my best behavior.
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gjorde jeg mit bedste for at opføre mig forbilledligt.
01:40
And I saw my sister's face,
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Og jeg kunne se i min søsters ansigt,
01:42
this wail of pain and suffering and surprise
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at et overraskelsens og smertens vræl
01:44
threatening to erupt from her mouth and threatening to wake
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truede med at undslippe hendes mund og dermed vække
01:46
my parents from the long winter's nap for which they had settled.
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mine forældre fra deres lange vinterlur.
01:49
So I did the only thing
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Så jeg gjorde det eneste
01:51
my little frantic seven year-old brain could think to do to avert this tragedy.
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min lille overvældede syvårige hjerne kunne finde på for at foregribe denne tragedie.
01:54
And if you have children, you've seen this hundreds of times before.
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Og enhver, der har børn, vil have set dette hundredvis af gange.
01:56
I said, "Amy, Amy, wait. Don't cry. Don't cry.
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Jeg sagde, "Amy, Amy, vent. Græd ikke. Græd ikke.
01:58
Did you see how you landed?
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Så du, hvordan du landede?
02:00
No human lands on all fours like that.
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Mennesker lander ikke sådan på alle fire.
02:03
Amy, I think this means you're a unicorn."
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Amy, jeg tror du er en enhjørning."
02:06
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
02:09
Now that was cheating, because there was nothing in the world my sister would want more
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Det var et trick, fordi der var intet, min søster hellere ville,
02:12
than not to be Amy the hurt five year-old little sister,
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end ikke at være Amy den skadede femårige lillesøster
02:14
but Amy the special unicorn.
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men Amy den særlige enhjørning.
02:16
Of course, this was an option that was open to her brain at no point in the past.
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Dette var selvfølgelig på intet tidligere tidspunkt faldet hende ind.
02:19
And you could see how my poor, manipulated sister faced conflict,
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Og man kunne se, at min stakkels, manipulerede søsters
02:22
as her little brain attempted to devote resources
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hjernes ressourcer var splittet mellem
02:24
to feeling the pain and suffering and surprise
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at mærke den smerte og det chok,
02:26
she just experienced,
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hun netop havde oplevet,
02:28
or contemplating her new-found identity as a unicorn.
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og at tænke nærmere over sit nye liv som enhjørning.
02:30
And the latter won out.
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Hun valgte det sidste.
02:32
Instead of crying, instead of ceasing our play,
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I stedet for at græde, i stedet for at stoppe vores leg,
02:34
instead of waking my parents,
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i stedet for at vække mine forældre
02:36
with all the negative consequences that would have ensued for me,
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med alle de negative følger, det ville have haft for mig,
02:38
instead a smile spread across her face
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bredte der sig i stedet et smil på hendes ansigt,
02:40
and she scrambled right back up onto the bunk bed with all the grace of a baby unicorn ...
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og hun hastede op igen på sengen med en ung enhjørnings ynde...
02:43
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
02:45
... with one broken leg.
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... med et brækket ben.
02:47
What we stumbled across
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Det, vi var stødt på
02:49
at this tender age of just five and seven --
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som kun fem- og syvårige --
02:51
we had no idea at the time --
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vi anede det ikke dengang --
02:53
was something that was going be at the vanguard of a scientific revolution
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var noget, der skulle udgøre frontlinjen i en videnskabelig revolution
02:56
occurring two decades later in the way that we look at the human brain.
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to årtier senere indenfor studiet af den menneskelige hjerne.
02:59
What we had stumbled across is something called positive psychology,
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Det, vi var stødt på, er noget, der kaldes positiv psykologi,
03:02
which is the reason that I'm here today
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som er grunden til, at jeg er her i dag,
03:04
and the reason that I wake up every morning.
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og grunden til, at jeg vågner hver morgen.
03:06
When I first started talking about this research
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Da jeg begyndte at tale om denne forskning
03:08
outside of academia, out with companies and schools,
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udenfor akademiske kredse, ude i virksomheder og skoler,
03:10
the very first thing they said to never do
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var det første jeg fik at vide, at jeg ikke
03:12
is to start your talk with a graph.
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måtte indlede et foredrag med en graf.
03:14
The very first thing I want to do is start my talk with a graph.
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Jeg kunne godt tænke mig at indlede mit foredrag med en graf.
03:16
This graph looks boring,
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Denne graf ser kedelig ud,
03:18
but this graph is the reason I get excited and wake up every morning.
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men denne graf er årsagen til, at jeg er så spændt og står op hver morgen.
03:20
And this graph doesn't even mean anything; it's fake data.
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Og denne graf betyder ikke engang noget; det er falske data.
03:22
What we found is --
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Vi har fundet ud af --
03:24
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
03:28
If I got this data back studying you here in the room, I would be thrilled,
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Hvis jeg fik disse data ved at undersøge jer i lokalet, ville jeg være lykkelig,
03:31
because there's very clearly a trend that's going on there,
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for man kan helt klart se en sammenhæng ud af dem,
03:33
and that means that I can get published,
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og det betyder, at jeg kan få min forskning udgivet,
03:35
which is all that really matters.
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hvilket er det vigtigste.
03:37
The fact that there's one weird red dot that's up above the curve,
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Det faktum, at der er en mærkelig rød prik, der er over kurven,
03:39
there's one weirdo in the room --
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en særling i lokalet --
03:41
I know who you are, I saw you earlier --
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jeg ved, hvem du er, jeg så dig før --
03:44
that's no problem.
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det gør ikke noget.
03:46
That's no problem, as most of you know,
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Det er ikke noget problem, som de fleste af jer ved,
03:48
because I can just delete that dot.
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for jeg kan bare slette punktet.
03:50
I can delete that dot because that's clearly a measurement error.
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Det kan slettes, fordi det helt klart er en målefejl.
03:52
And we know that's a measurement error
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Og vi ved, at det er en målefejl,
03:54
because it's messing up my data.
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fordi det ødelægger mine data.
03:57
So one of the very first things we teach people
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Så en af de første ting, vi lærer folk
03:59
in economics and statistics and business and psychology courses
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i økonomi- og statistik- og forretnings- og psykologikurser,
04:02
is how, in a statistically valid way, do we eliminate the weirdos.
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er, hvordan man statistisk forsvarligt slipper af med særlingene.
04:05
How do we eliminate the outliers
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Hvordan slipper man af med afvigerne,
04:07
so we can find the line of best fit?
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så man kan finde den bedste regressionslinje?
04:09
Which is fantastic if I'm trying to find out
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Hvilket er fantastisk, hvis man prøver at finde,
04:11
how many Advil the average person should be taking -- two.
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hvor mange hovedpinepiller en gennemsnitlig person bør tage -- to.
04:14
But if I'm interested in potential, if I'm interested in your potential,
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Men hvis man er interesseret i ens potentiale,
04:16
or for happiness or productivity
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lykke eller produktivitet
04:18
or energy or creativity,
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eller energi eller kreativitet,
04:20
what we're doing is we're creating the cult of the average with science.
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skaber vi i stedet en gennemsnittets kult indenfor videnskaben.
04:22
If I asked a question like,
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Hvis jeg stillede et spørgsmål som,
04:24
"How fast can a child learn how to read in a classroom?"
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"Hvor hurtigt kan et barn lære at læse i et klasseværelse?"
04:26
scientists change the answer to "How fast does the average child
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tænker videnskabsmænd "Hvor hurtigt lærer barnet i gennemsnit
04:28
learn how to read in that classroom?"
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at læse i det klasseværelse?"
04:30
and then we tailor the class right towards the average.
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og så skræddersyes undervisningen til gennemsnittet.
04:32
Now if you fall below the average on this curve,
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Hvis man er under gennemsnittet på denne kurve,
04:34
then psychologists get thrilled,
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bliver psykologerne glade,
04:36
because that means you're either depressed or you have a disorder,
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for så er man enten deprimeret eller har en forstyrrelse
04:39
or hopefully both.
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eller forhåbentligt begge dele.
04:41
We're hoping for both because our business model is,
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Vi håber på begge dele, fordi vores forretningsmodel består i,
04:43
if you come into a therapy session with one problem,
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at hvis man ankommer til en konsultation med ét problem,
04:45
we want to make sure you leave knowing you have 10,
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forlader man den overbevist om, at man har 10,
04:47
so you keep coming back over and over again.
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så man bliver ved med at komme.
04:49
We'll go back into your childhood if necessary,
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Vi går tilbage til din barndom om nødvendigt,
04:51
but eventually what we want to do is make you normal again.
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men i det lange løb vil vi gøre dig normal igen.
04:53
But normal is merely average.
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Men normal er bare gennemsnitlig.
04:55
And what I posit and what positive psychology posits
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Og hvad jeg og positiv psykologi fremfører,
04:57
is that if we study what is merely average,
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er, at hvis vi kun studerer det gennemsnitlige,
04:59
we will remain merely average.
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forbliver vi gennemsnitlige.
05:01
Then instead of deleting those positive outliers,
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Så i stedet for at slette de positive afvigere
05:03
what I intentionally do is come into a population like this one
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hvad jeg bevidst gør, er at se på et sæt som dette
05:05
and say, why?
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og sige hvorfor?
05:07
Why is it that some of you are so high above the curve
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Hvorfor er der nogle af jer, der er så højt over kurven
05:09
in terms of your intellectual ability, athletic ability, musical ability,
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angående intellektuelle, atletiske, musikalske evner,
05:11
creativity, energy levels,
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kreativitet, energiniveau,
05:13
your resiliency in the face of challenge, your sense of humor?
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evnen til at overkomme udfordringer, den humoristiske sans?
05:15
Whatever it is, instead of deleting you, what I want to do is study you.
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Uanset hvad det er, i stedet for at slette jer vil jeg undersøge jer.
05:18
Because maybe we can glean information --
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For måske kan det give os mere viden --
05:20
not just how to move people up to the average,
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ikke kun om, hvordan man får folk op til gennemsnittet,
05:22
but how we can move the entire average up
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men hvordan man flytter hele gennemsnittet opad
05:25
in our companies and schools worldwide.
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i vore virksomheder og skoler, hele verden over.
05:27
The reason this graph is important to me
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Grunden til, at denne graf er vigtig for mig, er,
05:29
is, when I turn on the news, it seems like the majority of the information
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at når jeg tænder for nyhederne, virker det som om, de fleste historier
05:31
is not positive, in fact it's negative.
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ikke er positive, de er ligefrem negative.
05:33
Most of it's about murder, corruption, diseases, natural disasters.
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De fleste handler om mord, korruption, sygdomme, naturkatastrofer.
05:36
And very quickly, my brain starts to think
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Og meget hurtigt begynder min hjerne at tro,
05:38
that's the accurate ratio of negative to positive in the world.
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at det er det sande forhold mellem negativt og positivt i verden.
05:40
What that's doing is creating something
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Det skaber noget, man kalder
05:42
called the medical school syndrome --
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medicinstuderende-syndrom --
05:44
which, if you know people who've been to medical school,
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som er, hvis I kender nogen, der har læst medicin,
05:46
during the first year of medical training,
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i deres første år på studiet
05:48
as you read through a list of all the symptoms and diseases that could happen,
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mens man læser listen over alle symptomerne og sygdommene, man kan have,
05:50
suddenly you realize you have all of them.
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opdager man pludselig, at man har dem alle.
05:52
I have a brother in-law named Bobo -- which is a whole other story.
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Jeg har en svoger, der hedder Bobo -- hvilket er en helt anden historie.
05:55
Bobo married Amy the unicorn.
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Bobo blev gift med enhjørningen Amy.
05:58
Bobo called me on the phone
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Bobo ringede til mig
06:01
from Yale Medical School,
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fra Yale Medical School,
06:04
and Bobo said, "Shawn, I have leprosy."
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og Bobo sagde, "Shawn, jeg har spedalskhed."
06:06
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
06:08
Which, even at Yale, is extraordinarily rare.
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Hvilket, selv på Yale, er utrolig sjældent.
06:10
But I had no idea how to console poor Bobo
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Men jeg anede ikke, hvordan jeg skulle trøste stakkels Bobo,
06:13
because he had just gotten over an entire week of menopause.
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for han var lige var kommet sig ovenpå en uges overgangsalder.
06:15
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
06:17
See what we're finding is it's not necessarily the reality that shapes us,
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Det, vi er ved at indse, er, at virkeligheden ikke nødvendigvis former en,
06:20
but the lens through which your brain views the world that shapes your reality.
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men derimod former det syn, man har på verden, ens virkelighed.
06:23
And if we can change the lens, not only can we change your happiness,
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Og hvis man ændrer dette syn, kan man ikke kun blive mere lykkelige,
06:26
we can change every single educational and business outcome at the same time.
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man kan også ændre alle uddannelses- og forretningsudfald.
06:29
When I applied to Harvard, I applied on a dare.
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Da jeg søgte ind på Harvard, gjorde jeg det efter en udfordring.
06:31
I didn't expect to get in, and my family had no money for college.
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Jeg regnede ikke med at komme ind, og min familie havde ikke råd til universitetet.
06:34
When I got a military scholarship two weeks later, they allowed me to go.
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Da jeg fik et militært stipendie to uger senere, lod min familie mig tage afsted.
06:36
Suddenly, something that wasn't even a possibility became a reality.
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Pludselig blev noget, som slet ikke havde været en mulighed, til en realitet.
06:39
When I went there, I assumed everyone else would see it as a privilege as well,
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Da jeg kom dertil, gik jeg ud fra, at alle andre også ville se det som et privilegium,
06:42
that they'd be excited to be there.
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at de ville være lykkelige for at være der.
06:44
Even if you're in a classroom full of people smarter than you,
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Selv hvis man er i et klasseværelse fyldt med mennesker, der er klogere,
06:46
you'd be happy just to be in that classroom, which is what I felt.
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ville man være glad bare for at være i det værelse. Sådan havde jeg det.
06:48
But what I found there
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Men hvad jeg indså der, er,
06:50
is, while some people experience that,
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at selvom nogen oplever det på den måde,
06:52
when I graduated after my four years
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da jeg dimitterede efter mine fire år
06:54
and then spent the next eight years living in the dorms with the students --
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og så brugte de næste otte år i kollegierne sammen med de studerende --
06:56
Harvard asked me to; I wasn't that guy.
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Harvard bad mig gøre det; Så det var ikke på dén måde.
06:59
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
07:03
I was an officer of Harvard to counsel students through the difficult four years.
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Jeg var studievejleder på Harvard og hjalp elever gennem de fire svære år.
07:06
And what I found in my research and my teaching
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Og hvad jeg så ved min forskning og undervisning,
07:08
is that these students, no matter how happy they were
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var, at disse studerende, uanset hvor tilfredse
07:10
with their original success of getting into the school,
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de først havde været med at blive optaget,
07:13
two weeks later their brains were focused, not on the privilege of being there,
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blot to uger senere var de fokuserede, ikke på privilegiet at være der,
07:16
nor on their philosophy or their physics.
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eller på deres filosofi eller fysikken.
07:18
Their brain was focused on the competition, the workload,
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De var fokuserede på konkurrencen, arbejdsbyrden,
07:20
the hassles, the stresses, the complaints.
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problemerne, stressen, beklagelserne.
07:22
When I first went in there, I walked into the freshmen dining hall,
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Da jeg først ankom, kom jeg ind i førsteårsspisesalen,
07:24
which is where my friends from Waco, Texas, which is where I grew up --
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som er, hvor mine venner fra Waco, Texas, hvor jeg voksede op --
07:27
I know some of you have heard of it.
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jeg ved nogle af jer har hørt navnet.
07:29
When they'd come to visit me, they'd look around,
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De besøgte mig og så sig om og sagde:
07:31
they'd say, "This freshman dining hall looks like something
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"Spisesalen ligner noget
07:33
out of Hogwart's from the movie "Harry Potter," which it does.
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som hører til i Hogwarts fra filmen "Harry Potter,"" hvilket den gør.
07:35
This is Hogwart's from the movie "Harry Potter" and that's Harvard.
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Dette er Hogwarts fra filmen "Harry Potter" og det er Harvard.
07:37
And when they see this,
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Og når de ser det, siger de,
07:39
they say, "Shawn, why do you waste your time studying happiness at Harvard?
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"Shawn, hvorfor spilder du din tid på at studere lykke på Harvard?
07:41
Seriously, what does a Harvard student possibly have
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Hvad i alverden kunne en Harvard-studerende have
07:43
to be unhappy about?"
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at være ulykkelig over?"
07:45
Embedded within that question
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Skjult i det spørgsmål
07:47
is the key to understanding the science of happiness.
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er nøglen til at forstå lykkevidenskaben.
07:49
Because what that question assumes
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Fordi præmissen for det spørgsmål
07:51
is that our external world is predictive of our happiness levels,
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er, at det er verden omkring os, der bestemmer vores lykkeniveau,
07:54
when in reality, if I know everything about your external world,
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men i virkeligheden kan jeg, selvom jeg ved alt om verden omkring dig,
07:56
I can only predict 10 percent of your long-term happiness.
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kun forudsige 10 procent af din langsigtede lykke.
07:59
90 percent of your long-term happiness
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90 procent af din langsigtede lykke
08:01
is predicted not by the external world,
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bestemmes ikke udefra,
08:03
but by the way your brain processes the world.
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men af måden din hjerne behandler indtrykkene udefra.
08:05
And if we change it,
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Og hvis vi ændrer den,
08:07
if we change our formula for happiness and success,
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hvis vi ændrer vores formel for lykke og succes,
08:09
what we can do is change the way
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kan vi ændre måden, hvorpå
08:11
that we can then affect reality.
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vi kan påvirke virkeligheden.
08:13
What we found is that only 25 percent of job successes
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Vi fandt ud af, at kun 25 procent af ens arbejdssucces
08:15
are predicted by I.Q.
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kan forudsiges ved I.K.
08:17
75 percent of job successes
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75 procent af ens succes
08:19
are predicted by your optimism levels, your social support
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bestemmes af dit optimismeniveau, din sociale støtte
08:22
and your ability to see stress as a challenge instead of as a threat.
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og din evne til at se stress som en udfordring i stedet for en trussel.
08:25
I talked to a boarding school up in New England, probably the most prestigious boarding school,
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Jeg talte på en kostskole i New England, nok den mest prestigefyldte
08:28
and they said, "We already know that.
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kostskole, og de sagde "Det ved vi allerede.
08:30
So every year, instead of just teaching our students, we also have a wellness week.
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Så hvert år, i stedet for bare at undervise eleverne, har vi også en sundhedsuge.
08:33
And we're so excited. Monday night we have the world's leading expert
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Og det er så spændende. Mandag aften har vi et foredrag fra verdens førende
08:36
coming in to speak about adolescent depression.
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ekspert indenfor ungdomsdepression.
08:38
Tuesday night it's school violence and bullying.
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Tirsdag aften handler det om skolevold og mobning.
08:40
Wednesday night is eating disorders.
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Onsdag aften handler om spiseforstyrrelser.
08:42
Thursday night is elicit drug use.
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Torsdag aften er stofmisbrug.
08:44
And Friday night we're trying to decide between risky sex or happiness."
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Og fredag aften skal vi vælge mellem usikker sex og lykke."
08:47
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
08:50
I said, "That's most people's Friday nights."
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Jeg svarede: "Sådan er de fleste menneskers fredag aften."
08:52
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
08:55
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
08:58
Which I'm glad you liked, but they did not like that at all.
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Jeg er glad for, at I kunne lide den, men de syntes spor om den.
09:00
Silence on the phone.
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Der var stille i telefonen.
09:02
And into the silence, I said, "I'd be happy to speak at your school,
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Og i stilheden sagde jeg, "Jeg vil meget gerne holde et foredrag på jeres skole,
09:04
but just so you know, that's not a wellness week, that's a sickness week.
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men bare så I ved det, så er det ikke en sundheds-, men en sygdomsuge.
09:07
What you've done is you've outlined all the negative things that can happen,
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I har beskrevet alle de negative ting, der kan ske,
09:09
but not talked about the positive."
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men ikke nævnt de positive."
09:11
The absence of disease is not health.
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Sundhed er ikke bare fraværet af sygdom.
09:13
Here's how we get to health:
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Sådan her når vi til sundhed:
09:15
We need to reverse the formula for happiness and success.
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Vi skal vende formlen for lykke og succes på hovedet.
09:18
In the last three years, I've traveled to 45 different countries,
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Gennem de sidste tre år har jeg rejst til 45 forskellige lande
09:20
working with schools and companies
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og arbejdet med skoler og virksomheder
09:22
in the midst of an economic downturn.
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midt under en økonomisk tilbagegang.
09:24
And what I found is that most companies and schools
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Og jeg har indset, at de fleste virksomheder og skoler
09:26
follow a formula for success, which is this:
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følger denne formel for succes:
09:28
If I work harder, I'll be more successful.
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Hvis jeg arbejder hårdere, får jeg mere succes.
09:30
And if I'm more successful, then I'll be happier.
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Hvis jeg får mere succes, bliver jeg lykkeligere.
09:33
That undergirds most of our parenting styles, our managing styles,
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Det er grundlæggende for vores opdragelsesmetoder, ledelsesmetoder
09:35
the way that we motivate our behavior.
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og for motivationen af vores handlinger.
09:37
And the problem is it's scientifically broken and backwards for two reasons.
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Problemet er, at det videnskabeligt set er omvendt af to årsager.
09:40
First, every time your brain has a success,
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For det første, hver gang man oplever succes,
09:43
you just changed the goalpost of what success looked like.
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flytter man overliggeren for succes.
09:45
You got good grades, now you have to get better grades,
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Hvis man fik gode karakterer, må man nu få bedre,
09:47
you got into a good school and after you get into a better school,
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hvis man kom ind på en god skole, må man komme ind på en bedre,
09:49
you got a good job, now you have to get a better job,
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hvis man fik et godt arbejde, må man få et bedre,
09:51
you hit your sales target, we're going to change your sales target.
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hvis man når sit salgsmål, må vi ændre målet.
09:53
And if happiness is on the opposite side of success, your brain never gets there.
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Og hvis lykken venter på den anden side af succesen, når man aldrig lykken.
09:56
What we've done is we've pushed happiness
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Vi har som samfund skubbet lykken
09:58
over the cognitive horizon as a society.
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forbi den kognitive horisont.
10:01
And that's because we think we have to be successful,
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Og det skyldes, vi tror, at vi er nødt til at få succes,
10:03
then we'll be happier.
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og så bliver vi lykkelige.
10:05
But the real problem is our brains work in the opposite order.
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Men problemet er, at i hjernen er rækkefølgen modsat.
10:07
If you can raise somebody's level of positivity in the present,
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Hvis man kan hæve nogens positivitetsniveau i nuet,
10:10
then their brain experiences what we now call a happiness advantage,
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så gennemlever hjernen, hvad vi kalder en lykkefordel,
10:13
which is your brain at positive
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hvilket vil sige, at den positive hjerne
10:15
performs significantly better
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præsterer betydeligt bedre
10:17
than it does at negative, neutral or stressed.
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end den negative, neutrale, eller stressede gør.
10:19
Your intelligence rises, your creativity rises, your energy levels rise.
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Ens intelligens og kreativitet stiger, man får mere energi.
10:22
In fact, what we've found
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Det viser sig, at udfaldene af
10:24
is that every single business outcome improves.
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alle forretningssituationer forbedres.
10:26
Your brain at positive is 31 percent more productive
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Er ens hjerne positiv, er den 31 procent mere produktiv,
10:28
than your brain at negative, neutral or stressed.
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end hvis den er negativ, neutral eller stresset.
10:31
You're 37 percent better at sales.
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Man er en 37 procent bedre sælger.
10:33
Doctors are 19 percent faster, more accurate
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Læger er 19 procent hurtigere og
10:35
at coming up with the correct diagnosis
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mere præcise i deres diagnosticering,
10:37
when positive instead of negative, neutral or stressed.
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hvis de er positive fremfor negative, neutrale eller stressede.
10:39
Which means we can reverse the formula.
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Dette betyder, at vi kan vende formlen om.
10:41
If we can find a way of becoming positive in the present,
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Hvis vi kan finde ud af, hvordan man bliver positiv i nuet,
10:44
then our brains work even more successfully
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så virker vores hjerne bedre,
10:46
as we're able to work harder, faster and more intelligently.
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og vi kan arbejde hårdere, hurtigere og klogere.
10:49
What we need to be able to do is to reverse this formula
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Vi er nødt til at vende formlen på hovedet,
10:52
so we can start to see what our brains are actually capable of.
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så vi kan se, hvad vores hjerner rent faktisk er i stand til.
10:54
Because dopamine, which floods into your system when you're positive,
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For dopamin, som oversvømmer ens system, når man er positiv,
10:56
has two functions.
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har to funktioner.
10:58
Not only does it make you happier,
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Det gør ikke kun en mere lykkelig,
11:00
it turns on all of the learning centers in your brain
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det aktiverer også alle indlæringscentrene i hjernen,
11:02
allowing you to adapt to the world in a different way.
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hvilket lader en tilpasse sig verden anderledes.
11:05
We've found that there are ways that you can train your brain
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Vi har fundet ud af, at man kan træne sin hjerne
11:07
to be able to become more positive.
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til at blive mere positiv.
11:09
In just a two-minute span of time done for 21 days in a row,
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Ved at bruge kun to minutter hver dag i 21 dage
11:12
we can actually rewire your brain,
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kan man faktisk omkode hjernen,
11:14
allowing your brain to actually work
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hvilket lader den fungere
11:16
more optimistically and more successfully.
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mere optimistisk og med mere succes.
11:18
We've done these things in research now
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Vi har gjort dette i forskningen
11:20
in every single company that I've worked with,
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i alle de virksomheder, jeg har arbejdet med,
11:22
getting them to write down three new things that they're grateful for
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fået dem til at skrive tre ting ned, som de er taknemmelige for,
11:24
for 21 days in a row, three new things each day.
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21 dage i træk, tre nye ting hver dag.
11:26
And at the end of that,
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Og efter de 21 dage
11:28
their brain starts to retain a pattern
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er der skabt et mønster i hjernen,
11:30
of scanning the world, not for the negative, but for the positive first.
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hvor man ikke kigger efter det negative, men det positive.
11:33
Journaling about one positive experience you've had over the past 24 hours
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En dagbog om en positiv oplevelse, man har haft i det sidste døgn,
11:35
allows your brain to relive it.
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lader hjernen genopleve den.
11:37
Exercise teaches your brain that your behavior matters.
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Motion lærer din hjerne, at din opførsel gør en forskel.
11:40
We find that meditation allows your brain
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Vi ser, at meditation lader din hjerne
11:42
to get over the cultural ADHD that we've been creating
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komme ud over den kulturelle ADHD, der er blevet skabt ved, at vi
11:45
by trying to do multiple tasks at once
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prøver at løse for mange opgaver ad gangen,
11:47
and allows our brains to focus on the task at hand.
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og tillader hjernen at fokusere på den nærværende opgave.
11:50
And finally, random acts of kindness are conscious acts of kindness.
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Og endelig, tilfældige venligheder er overlagte venligheder.
11:52
We get people, when they open up their inbox,
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Vi får folk til, når de åbner deres e-mail,
11:54
to write one positive email
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at skrive en positiv e-mail,
11:56
praising or thanking somebody in their social support network.
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der anerkender eller takker nogen i deres sociale støttenetværk.
11:58
And by doing these activities
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Og ved hjælp af disse aktiviteter
12:00
and by training your brain just like we train our bodies,
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og ved at træne hjernen, som man træner kroppen,
12:02
what we've found is we can reverse the formula for happiness and success,
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har vi set, at vi kan vende formlen for lykke og succes på hovedet
12:05
and in doing so, not only create ripples of positivity,
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og derved skaber vi ikke blot en dominoeffekt af positivitet,
12:08
but create a real revolution.
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men også en sand revolution.
12:10
Thank you very much.
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Mange tak.
12:12
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shawn Achor - PsychologistShawn Achor is the CEO of Good Think Inc., where he researches and teaches about positive psychology.
Why you should listen
Shawn Achor is the winner of over a dozen distinguished teaching awards at Harvard University, where he delivered lectures on positive psychology in the most popular class at Harvard.
He is the CEO of Good Think Inc., a Cambridge-based consulting firm which researches positive outliers -- people who are well above average -- to understand where human potential, success and happiness intersect. Based on his research and 12 years of experience at Harvard, he clearly and humorously describes to organizations how to increase happiness and meaning, raise success rates and profitability, and create positive transformations that ripple into more successful cultures. He is also the author of The Happiness Advantage.
Shawn Achor | Speaker | TED.com