TEDGlobal 2012
Michael Anti: Behind the Great Firewall of China
Michael Anti: Bag Kinas store firewall
Filmed:
Readability: 4.7
1,648,457 views
Michael Anti (aka Jing Zhao) har blogget fra Kina i 12 år. På trods af kontrollen den centrale regering har over internettet -- "Alle servere er i Beijing" -- han siger at hundreder af millioner mikrobloggere faktisk er ved at skabe den første offentlige sfære i landets historie, hvilket skubber magtbalancen på uventede måder.
Michael Anti - Blogger
Michael Anti (Zhao Jing), a key figure in China's new journalism, explores the growing power of the Chinese internet. Full bio
Michael Anti (Zhao Jing), a key figure in China's new journalism, explores the growing power of the Chinese internet. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
In the past several days, I heard people talking about China.
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De sidste mange dage har jeg hørt folk tale om Kina.
00:21
And also, I talked to friends about China and Chinese Internet.
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Og jeg har også talt med venner om Kina og det kinesiske internet.
00:25
Something is very challenging to me.
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Der er noget der er meget udfordrende for mig.
00:27
I want to make my friends understand:
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Jeg vil have mine venner til at forstå
00:30
China is complicated.
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at Kina er kompliceret.
00:34
So I always want to tell the story, like,
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Så jeg vil altid fortælle historien sådan:
00:36
one hand it is that, the other hand is that.
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På den ene sider har vi ét, på den anden side har vi noget andet.
00:39
You can't just tell a one sided story.
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Man kan ikke bare fortælle den ene sides historie.
00:42
I'll give an example. China is a BRIC country.
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Her er et eksempel: Kina er et BRIC-land.
00:45
BRIC country means Brazil, Russia, India and China.
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BRIC-land betyder Brazilien, Rusland, Indien og Kina.
00:51
This emerging economy really is helping the revival of the world economy.
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Denne voksende økonomi er virkelig med til at hjælpe med at genoplive verdens økonomi.
00:57
But at the same time, on the other hand,
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Men samtidig, på den anden side
01:00
China is a SICK country,
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er Kina et SICK-land.
01:03
the terminology coined by Facebook IPO papers -- file.
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Et udtryk, som først findes i Facebooks børsnoteringspapirer.
01:09
He said the SICK country means Syria, Iran, China and North Korea.
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Der står at SICK-land betyder Syrien, Iran, Kina og Nordkorea.
01:15
The four countries have no access to Facebook.
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De fire lande, som ikke har adgang til Facebook.
01:20
So basically, China is a SICK BRIC country.
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Så Kina er altså et SICK-BRIC-land.
01:24
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
01:25
Another project was built up
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Endnu et projekt blev stablet på benene
01:27
to watch China and Chinese Internet.
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for at observere Kina og det kinesiske internet.
01:29
And now, today I want to tell you my personal
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Og nu, i dag vil jeg fortælle jer mit personlige
01:33
observation in the past several years, from that wall.
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indtryk de sidste mange år fra den mur.
01:38
So, if you are a fan of the Game of Thrones,
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Så, hvis man er fan af "the Game of Thrones",
01:42
you definitely know how important a big wall is for an old kingdom.
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så ved man med sikkerhed hvor vigtig en stor mur er for et gammelt kongerige.
01:47
It prevents weird things from the north.
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Den stopper fremmede ting nordfra.
01:52
Same was true for China.
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Det samme galt for Kina.
01:55
In the north, there was a great wall, Chang Cheng.
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Nordpå var der en stor mur, Chang Cheng.
01:58
It protected China from invaders for 2,000 years.
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Den beskyttede Kina mod invasion i 2000 år.
02:04
But China also has a great firewall.
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Men Kina har også en stor firewall.
02:08
That's the biggest digital boundary in the whole world.
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Det er den største digitale grænse i hele verden.
02:12
It's not only to defend the Chinese regime from overseas,
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Den er der ikke kun for at beskytte det kinesiske regime mod Vesten,
02:16
from the universal values, but also to prevent
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mod de universelle værdier, men også for at hindre
02:20
China's own citizens to access the global free Internet,
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Kinas egne borgere adgang til det globale, frie internet,
02:24
and even separate themselves into blocks, not united.
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og endda inddele sig selv i blokke, ikke forenet.
02:29
So, basically the "Internet" has two Internets.
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Så "internettet" består af to internet.
02:33
One is the Internet, the other is the Chinanet.
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Det ene er internettet, det andet er Kinanettet.
02:37
But if you think the Chinanet is something
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Men hvis man tror Kinanettet er noget
02:41
like a deadland, wasteland, I think it's wrong.
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lignende en ødemark, en ørken, så tager man fejl.
02:47
But we also use a very simple metaphor, the cat and the mouse game,
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Men vi bruger også en meget simpel metafor, "katten efter musen",
02:53
to describe in the past 15 years
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til at beskrive i de seneste 15 år
02:56
the continuing fight between Chinese
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den fortsatte kamp mellem den kinesiske
03:00
censorship, government censorship, the cat,
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censur, statens censur, "katten",
03:03
and the Chinese Internet users. That means us, the mouse.
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og de kinesiske internetbrugere. Det er os, "musen".
03:09
But sometimes this kind of a metaphor is too simple.
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Men nogle gange er den metafor for simpel.
03:13
So today I want to upgrade it to 2.0 version.
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Så i dag vil jeg opgradere den til version 2.0.
03:19
In China, we have 500 million Internet users.
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I Kina har vi 500 millioner internetbrugere.
03:22
That's the biggest population of Netizens, Internet users, in the whole world.
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Det er den største befolkning af netizens, internetbrugere, i hele verden.
03:27
So even though China's is a totally censored Internet,
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Så selvom Kina har et totalt censureret internet,
03:33
but still, Chinese Internet society is really booming.
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er det kinesiske internetfællesskab stadig i fremmarch.
03:36
How to make it? It's simple.
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Hvordan kan det være? Det er enkelt.
03:39
You have Google, we have Baidu.
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I har Google, vi har Baidu.
03:42
You have Twitter, we have Weibo.
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I har Twitter, vi har Weibo.
03:45
You have Facebook, we have Renren.
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I har Facebook, vi har Renren.
03:48
You have YouTube, we have Youku and Tudou.
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I har YouTube, vi har Youku og Tudou.
03:53
The Chinese government blocked every
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Den kinesiske stat har blokeret hver
03:58
single international Web 2.0 service,
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eneste internationale Web 2.0 service,
04:02
and we Chinese copycat every one.
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og vi kinesere har efterabet dem alle sammen.
04:04
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
04:06
So, that's the kind of the thing I call smart censorship.
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Det er det jeg kalder smart censur.
04:10
That's not only to censor you.
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Det er ikke kun for at censurere én.
04:14
Sometimes this Chinese national Internet policy is very simple:
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Nogle gange er den kinesiske nationale internetpolitik meget simpel:
04:19
Block and clone.
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Blokér og kopiér.
04:21
On the one hand, he wants to satisfy people's need of a social network,
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På den ene side vil man tilfredsstille folkets behov for et socialt netværk,
04:26
which is very important; people really love social networking.
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hvilket er vigtigt; folk elsker virkelig at netværke socialt.
04:29
But on the other hand, they want to keep the server
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Men på den anden side vil de beholde serveren
04:32
in Beijing so they can access the data any time they want.
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i Beijing, så de har adgang til informationen når som helst.
04:37
That's also the reason Google was pulled out from China,
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Det var også derfor Google blev trukket ud af Kina.
04:41
because they can't accept the fact
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For de kan ikke acceptere
04:43
that Chinese government wants to keep the server.
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at den kinesiske stat vil beholde serveren.
04:48
Sometimes the Arab dictators didn't understand these two hands.
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Nogle gange kunne de arabiske diktatorer ikke forstå disse to sider.
04:53
For example, Mubarak, he shut down the Internet.
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For eksempel, Mubarak, han lukkede internettet ned.
04:57
He wanted to prevent the Netizens [from criticizing] him.
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Han ville forhindre landets netizens i at kritisere ham.
05:00
But once Netizens can't go online, they go in the street.
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Men når netizens ikke kan gå på nettet, går de ud på gaden.
05:06
And now the result is very simple.
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Og så er resultatet meget enkelt.
05:09
We all know Mubarak is technically dead.
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Vi ved alle at Mubarak teknisk set er død.
05:14
But also, Ben Ali, Tunisian president,
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Og så var der Ben Ali, den tunesiske præsident.
05:19
didn't follow the second rule.
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Han fulgte ikke den anden regel.
05:21
That means keep the server in your hands.
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"Hold serveren i dine hænder."
05:25
He allowed Facebook, a U.S.-based service,
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Facebook, en service baseret i USA,
05:31
to continue to stay on inside of Tunisia.
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lod han fortsat blive i Tunesien.
05:34
So he can't prevent it, his own citizens to post
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Så han kunne ikke forhindre sine egne borgere i at lægge
05:38
critical videos against his corruption.
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videoer på nettet, som er kritiske mod hans korruption.
05:40
The same thing happend. He was the first
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Så skete det samme: Han var den første,
05:44
to topple during the Arab Spring.
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der væltede under det arabiske forår.
05:47
But those two very smart international censorship policies
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Men de to meget smarte internationale censur politiker
05:52
didn't prevent Chinese social media [from] becoming a really public sphere,
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forhindrede ikke de kinesiske sociale medier i at blive et offentligt rum,
05:59
a pathway of public opinion and the nightmare of Chinese officials.
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en port for folkets synspunkt og kinesiske embedsmænds mareridt.
06:04
Because we have 300 million microbloggers in China.
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Fordi vi har 300 millioner mikrobloggere i Kina.
06:09
It's the entire population of the United States.
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Det er hele USA's befolkning.
06:13
So when these 300 million people, microbloggers,
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Så når disse 300 millioner mennesker, mikrobloggere,
06:17
even they block the tweet in our censored platform.
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selvom de blogger eller tweeter på den censurerede platform,
06:21
But itself -- the Chinanet -- but itself can create
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kan Kinanettet selv skabe
06:25
very powerful energy, which has never happened
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meget kraftig energi, hvilket aldrig er sket før
06:30
in the Chinese history.
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i Kinas historie.
06:31
2011, in July, two [unclear] trains crashed,
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I juli 2011 kørte to tog galt
06:36
in Wenzhou, a southern city.
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i Wenzhou, en sydkinesisk storby.
06:38
Right after the train crash,
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Lige efter togulykken
06:40
authorities literally wanted to cover up the train, bury the train.
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ville autoriteterne bogstaveligt talt tildække historien og begrave togene
06:45
So it angered the Chinese Netizens.
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Det gjorde de kinesiske netizens vrede.
06:47
The first five days after the train crash,
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De første fem dage efter togulykken
06:50
there were 10 million criticisms of the posting
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blev der skrevet 10 millioner kritiske opslag
06:54
on social media, which never happened in Chinese history.
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på sociale medier, hvilket aldrig er sket i Kinas historie.
06:58
And later this year, the rail minister
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Og senere samme år blev jernbaneministeren
07:01
was sacked and sentenced to jail for 10 years.
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fyret og idømt ti års fængsel.
07:07
And also, recently, very funny debate between
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Og for nylig var der en meget sjov debat mellem
07:12
the Beijing Environment Ministry
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Beijings Miljøministerium
07:15
and the American Embassy in Beijing
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og den amerikanske ambassade i Beijing,
07:18
because the Ministry blamed
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fordi ministeriet beskyldte
07:21
the American Embassy for intervening in
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den amerikanske ambassade for at blande sig i
07:23
Chinese internal politics by disclosing
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kinesisk indenrigspolitik ved at oplyse
07:27
the air quality data of Beijing.
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data for luftkvaliteten i Beijing.
07:29
So, the up is the Embassy data, the PM 2.5.
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Så, øverst har vi ambassadens data, PM 2.5-tallet.
07:36
He showed 148, they showed it's dangerous for the sensitive group.
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Der står 148 og at det er farligt for den følsomme gruppe.
07:42
So a suggestion, it's not good to go outside.
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Så anbefalingen er: Gå ikke udenfor.
07:46
But that is the Ministry's data. He shows 50.
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Men nederst er ministeriets tal. Det er 50.
07:51
He says it's good. It's good to go outside.
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Med andre ord: gå bare udenfor.
07:55
But 99 percent of Chinese microbloggers
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Men 99 procent af de kinesiske mikrobloggere
07:58
stand firmly on the Embassy's side.
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står solidt på ambassadens side.
08:02
I live in Beijing. Every day, I just watch
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Jeg bor i Beijing. Hver dag ser jeg kun
08:07
the American Embassy's data to decide whether I should open my window.
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på den amerikanske ambassades data når jeg skal beslutte om jeg skal åbne vinduet.
08:16
Why is Chinese social networking, even within the censorship,
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Hvorfor er det kinesiske sociale netværk, selv indenfor censurens grænser,
08:20
so booming? Part of the reason is Chinese languages.
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i så stor udvikling? En del af årsagen er de kinesiske sprog.
08:24
You know, Twitter and Twitter clones have a kind of
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Twitter og dens kopier har
08:28
a limitation of 140 characters.
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en øvre grænse på 140 tegn.
08:30
But in English it's 20 words or a sentence with a short link.
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Men på engelsk er det 20 ord eller en sætning med et kort link.
08:34
Maybe in Germany, in German language, it may be just "Aha!"
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I tyskland -- på tysk er det måske bare "Aha!"
08:38
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
08:40
But in Chinese language, it's really about 140 characters,
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Men på kinesisk betyder 140 tegn
08:46
means a paragraph, a story.
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et afsnit, en historie.
08:49
You can almost have all the journalistic elements there.
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Man kan næsten have alle de journalistiske elementer med.
08:53
For example, this is Hamlet, of Shakespeare.
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Det her er for eksempel Shakespeares Hamlet.
08:57
It's the same content. One, you can see exactly
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Det er det samme indhold. Man kan se at præcis
09:00
one Chinese tweet is equal to 3.5 English tweets.
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en kinesisk tweet er lig med 3,5 engelske tweets.
09:07
Chinese is always cheating, right?
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Kinesere snyder jo altid, ikke?
09:10
So because of this, the Chinese really regard this
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Så derfor ser kineserne virkelig
09:14
microblogging as a media, not only a headline to media.
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mikroblogging som et medie, ikke bare et overskriftsmedie.
09:19
And also, the clone, Sina company is
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Og kopien, Sina er
09:23
the guy who cloned Twitter.
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firmaet som kopierede Twitter.
09:25
It even has its own name, with Weibo.
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Den har endda sit eget navn, Weibo.
09:27
"Weibo" is the Chinese translation for "microblog".
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"Weibo" er den kinesiske oversættelse af "mikroblog".
09:30
It has its own innovation.
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Den har sin egen innovation.
09:32
At the commenting area, [it makes] the Chinese Weibo
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I kommentarområdet bliver det kinesiske Weibo
09:35
more like Facebook, rather than the original Twitter.
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mere lig Facebook end den originale Twitter.
09:39
So these innovations and clones, as the Weibo and microblogging,
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Så disse innovationer og kopier som Weibo og mikroblogging,
09:43
when it came to China in 2009,
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da det kom til Kina i 2009
09:46
it immediately became a media platform itself.
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blev det med det samme en medieplatform i sig selv.
09:50
It became the media platform of 300 million readers.
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Det blev en medieplatform for 300 millioner læsere.
09:54
It became the media.
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Det blev mediet.
09:56
Anything not mentioned in Weibo,
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Hvis det ikke blev nævnt på Weibo,
09:58
it does not appear to exist for the Chinese public.
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så fandtes det ikke i kinesernes øjne.
10:04
But also, Chinese social media is
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Samtidig har de kinesiske sociale medier
10:06
really changing Chinese mindsets and Chinese life.
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meget stor indflydelse på den kinesiske tankegang og det kinesiske liv.
10:10
For example, they give the voiceless people
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For eksempel giver det de tavse mennesker
10:14
a channel to make your voice heard.
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en kanal hvor deres stemme kan blive hørt.
10:17
We had a petition system. It's a remedy outside the judicial system,
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Vi har et benådningssystem. Det er et retsmiddel ud over domstolene,
10:22
because the Chinese central government wants to keep a myth:
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fordi den kinesiske regering vil fastholde at
10:25
The emperor is good. The old local officials are thugs.
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regenten er god; de gamle lokale embedsmænd er slyngler.
10:30
So that's why the petitioner, the victims, the peasants,
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Så derfor vil ansøgerne, ofrene, bønderne
10:33
want to take the train to Beijing to petition to the central government,
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tage toget til Beijing for at appellere til den centrale stat;
10:37
they want the emperor to settle the problem.
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de vil have regenten til at afgøre problemet.
10:40
But when more and more people go to Beijing,
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Men som flere og flere tager til Beijing
10:42
they also cause the risk of a revolution.
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risikerer de også en revolution.
10:46
So they send them back in recent years.
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Så de har sendt dem tilbage de seneste år.
10:49
And even some of them were put into black jails.
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Nogle blev endda sat i fængsel.
10:52
But now we have Weibo, so I call it the Weibo petition.
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Men nu har vi Weibo, som jeg kalder Weibo-benådning.
10:56
People just use their cell phones to tweet.
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Folk bruger bare deres mobiltelefon til at tweete.
10:59
So your sad stories, by some chance your story
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Med en sørgelig historie har man en chance for
11:02
will be picked up by reporters, professors or celebrities.
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at den vil blive opdaget af journalister, professorer eller kendte.
11:06
One of them is Yao Chen,
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Én af dem er Yao Chen.
11:08
she is the most popular microblogger in China,
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Hun er den mest populære mikroblogger i Kina
11:11
who has about 21 million followers.
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og har omkring 21 millioner abonnenter.
11:15
They're almost like a national TV station.
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De er næsten som en national TV-station.
11:19
If you -- so a sad story will be picked up by her.
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Så en sørgelig historie bliver samlet op af hende.
11:22
So this Weibo social media, even in the censorship,
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Så det sociale medie Weibo, selv med censuren,
11:27
still gave the Chinese a real chance for 300 million people
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gav stadig kineserne en reel chance for 300 millioner mennesker,
11:32
every day chatting together, talking together.
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som hver dag chatter og taler sammen.
11:36
It's like a big TED, right?
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Det er ligesom et stort TED, ikke?
11:39
But also, it is like the first time a public sphere
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Men det er også første gang sådan et offentligt rum
11:42
happened in China.
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findes i Kina.
11:44
Chinese people start to learn how to negotiate
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Det kinesiske folk begynder at lære hvordan man forhandler
11:47
and talk to people.
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og taler med andre.
11:51
But also, the cat, the censorship, is not sleeping.
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Men katten, censuren, sover ikke.
11:54
It's so hard to post some sensitive words on the Chinese Weibo.
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Det er svært at skrive følsomme ord på det kinesiske Weibo.
11:59
For example, you can't post the name of the president,
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For eksempel må man ikke skrive navnet på præsidenten,
12:02
Hu Jintao, and also you can't post the city of Chongqing, the name,
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Hu Jintao, og heller ikke navnet på byen Chongqing,
12:07
and until recently, you can't search the surname of top leaders.
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og indtil for nyligt kunne man heller ikke søge på efternavnene på de øverste ledere.
12:12
So, the Chinese are very good at these puns
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Men kineserne er meget gode til ordspil
12:16
and alternative wording and even memes.
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og alternative formuleringer og selv memer.
12:20
They even name themselves -- you know,
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De bruger endda
12:22
use the name of this world-changing
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navnene i den her ord-forandrende
12:25
battle between the grass-mud horse and the river crab.
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kamp mellem græs-mudder-hesten og flod-krabben.
12:29
The grass-mud horse is caoníma,
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Græs-mudder-hesten er caoníma på kinesisk,
12:31
is the phonogram for motherfucker,
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og udtales ligesom motherfucker,
12:34
the Netizens call themselves.
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som netizens kalder sig selv.
12:40
River crab is héxiè, is the phonogram for
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Flod-krabben er héxiè og udtales ligesom
12:43
harmonization, for censorship.
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harmonisering, censur.
12:45
So that's kind of a caoníma versus the héxiè, that's very good.
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Så det er en caoníma mod en héxiè. Det er meget godt.
12:51
So, when some very political, exciting moments happened,
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Så når der sker noget politisk interessant,
12:57
you can see on Weibo, you see a lot of very weird stories happened.
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kan man på Weibo se en anden meget underlig historie har fundet sted.
13:02
Weird phrases and words, even if you have a PhD
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Mærkelige sætninger og ord. Og selv hvis man har en PhD
13:07
of Chinese language, you can't understand them.
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i kinesisk kan man ikke forstå det.
13:10
But you can't even expand more, no, because
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Men man kan ikke gøre meget mere. Nej, fordi
13:13
Chinese Sina Weibo, when it was founded
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kinesiske Sina Weibo blev grundlagt
13:16
was exactly one month after the official blocking of Twitter.com.
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præcis en måned efter den officielle blokéring af twitter.com.
13:21
That means from the very beginning,
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Det betyder at helt fra begyndelsen
13:23
Weibo has already convinced the Chinese government,
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har Weibo overbevist den kinesiske regering om
13:28
we will not become the stage for
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at de ikke ville blive en scene for
13:30
any kind of a threat to the regime.
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nogen form for trussel mod regimet.
13:33
For example, anything you want to post,
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For eksempel, alt hvad man vil lægge op,
13:35
like "get together" or "meet up" or "walk,"
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såsom "lad os mødes" eller "gå en tur",
13:38
it is automatically recorded and data mined
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bliver automatisk gemt og datamineret
13:42
and reported to a poll for further political analyzing.
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og rapporteret til et bureau, hvor det analyseres politisk.
13:49
Even if you want to have some gathering,
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Selv hvis man har lyst til at samles et sted,
13:51
before you go there, the police are already waiting for you.
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vil politiet vente på én allerede inden, man kommer.
13:54
Why? Because they have the data.
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Hvorfor? Fordi de har informationen.
13:56
They have everything in their hands.
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De har det hele i deres hænder.
13:58
So they can use the 1984 scenario data mining of the dissident.
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Så de kan, i stil med George Orwells "1984", overvåge systemkritikerne.
14:05
So the crackdown is very serious.
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Så det er et meget alvorligt indgreb.
14:08
But I want you to notice a very funny thing
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Men I skal lægge mærke til en sjov ting
14:11
during the process of the cat-and-mouse.
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i løbet af processen "katten efter musen".
14:14
The cat is the censorship, but Chinese is not only one cat,
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Katten er censuren, men Kina er ikke bare én kat,
14:18
but also has local cats. Central cat and local cats.
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der er også lokale katte. En central kat og lokale katte.
14:22
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
14:23
You know, the server is in the [central] cats' hands,
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Serveren er i de lokale kattes hænder,
14:27
so even that -- when the Netizens criticize the local government,
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så når netizens kritiserer den lokale regering,
14:31
the local government has not any access to the data in Beijing.
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har den lokale regering ikke adgang til informationen i Beijing.
14:36
Without bribing the central cats,
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Hvis de ikke bestikker de centrale katte,
14:38
he can do nothing, only apologize.
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kan de ikke gøre noget, kun undskylde.
14:41
So these three years, in the past three years,
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Så disse tre år -- i de sidste tre år
14:44
social movements about microblogging
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har den sociale bevægelse mikroblogging
14:46
really changed local government,
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virkelig ændret den lokale regering,
14:49
became more and more transparent,
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som blev mere og mere gennemskuelig,
14:51
because they can't access the data.
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fordi de ikke kan komme til informationen.
14:54
The server is in Beijing.
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Serveren er i Beijing.
14:58
The story about the train crash,
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Tilbage til historien om togulykken.
14:59
maybe the question is not about why 10 million
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Måske er spørgsmålet ikke hvorfor der blev skrevet 10 millioner
15:02
criticisms in five days, but why the Chinese central government
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kritiske opslag på fem dage, men hvorfor den centrale regering i Kina
15:06
allowed the five days of freedom of speech online.
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tillod fem dages online ytringsfrihed.
15:10
It's never happened before.
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Det er aldrig sket før.
15:12
And so it's very simple, because even the top leaders
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Svaret er meget simpelt: Fordi selv top-lederene
15:15
were fed up with this guy, this independent kingdom.
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var trætte af denne her mand. Dette selvstændige kongerige.
15:19
So they want an excuse --
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De havde brug for en undskyldning,
15:20
public opinion is a very good excuse to punish him.
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og offentlighedens mening er en meget god undskyldning for at straffe ham.
15:24
But also, the Bo Xilai case recently, very big news,
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Der var også store nyheder i Bo Xilai-sagen:
15:27
he's a princeling.
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Han tilhører kronprinsepartiet.
15:28
But from February to April this year,
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Men fra februar til april i år
15:32
Weibo really became a marketplace of rumors.
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er Weibo virkelig blevet til en markedsplads af rygter.
15:35
You can almost joke everything about these princelings,
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Man kan næsten skrive alle slags vittigheder om medlemmerne af kronprinsepartiet.
15:38
everything! It's almost like you're living in the United States.
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Alt! Det er næsten som at bo i USA.
15:42
But if you dare to retweet or mention any fake coup
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Men hvis man vover at retweete eller nævne et falsk statskup
15:46
about Beijing, you definitely will be arrested.
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i Beijing bliver man med sikkerhed arresteret.
15:50
So this kind of freedom is a targeted and precise window.
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Så denne her slags frihed er målrettet til et præcist vindue.
15:56
So Chinese in China, censorship is normal.
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Så for kinesere i Kina er censur normalt,
16:00
Something you find is, freedom is weird.
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men frihed er underligt.
16:03
Something will happen behind it.
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Der må være en mening bag det.
16:04
Because he was a very popular Leftist leader,
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Fordi han var en meget populær venstreorienteret leder,
16:08
so the central government wanted to purge him,
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ville den centrale regering udrense ham.
16:10
and he was very cute, he convinced all the Chinese people,
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Han var meget sød, men regeringen overbeviste det kinesiske folk
16:14
why he is so bad.
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om hvorfor han er så slem.
16:16
So Weibo, the 300 million public sphere,
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Så Weibo, det offentlige rum på 300 millioner mennesker,
16:20
became a very good, convenient tool for a political fight.
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blev et meget godt, praktisk redskab til politisk slagsmål.
16:24
But this technology is very new,
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Men selvom teknologien er meget ny
16:26
but technically is very old.
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er teknikken meget gammel.
16:28
It was made famous by Chairman Mao, Mao Zedong,
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Den blev gjort berømt af formand Mao Zedong,
16:31
because he mobilized millions of Chinese people
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fordi han mobiliserede millioner af kinesere
16:34
in the Cultural Revolution to destroy every local government.
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under den kulturelle revolution for at tilintetgøre alle lokale regeringer.
16:38
It's very simple, because Chinese central government
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Det er meget enkelt, fordi den centrale kinesiske regering
16:41
doesn't need to even lead the public opinion.
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ikke engang behøver at følge offentlighedens mening.
16:43
They just give them a target window to not censor people.
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De giver dem bare et vindue, hvor de ikke censurerer folk.
16:47
Not censoring in China has become a political tool.
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Det ikke at censurere er blevet et politisk værktøj i Kina.
16:53
So that's the update about this game, cat-and-mouse.
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Så det er opgraderingen af det her spil "katten efter musen".
16:57
Social media changed Chinese mindset.
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Sociale medier ændrede kinesernes tankegang.
16:59
More and more Chinese intend to embrace freedom of speech
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Flere og flere kinesere vil gerne favne ytringsfriheden
17:03
and human rights as their birthright,
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og menneskerettighederne som deres fødselsret,
17:05
not some imported American privilege.
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ikke som et importeret amerikansk privilegie.
17:09
But also, it gave the Chinese a national public sphere
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Det gav også kineserne et nationalt offentligt rum
17:12
for people to, it's like a training of their citizenship,
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hvor folk nærmest kan træne sit medborgerskab
17:17
preparing for future democracy.
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og forberede sig på det kommende demokrati.
17:19
But it didn't change the Chinese political system,
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Men det ændrede ikke det kinesiske politiske system,
17:22
and also the Chinese central government utilized this
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og den centrale kinesiske regering udnyttede denne
17:25
centralized server structure to strengthen its power
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centrale serverstruktur til at forstærke sin kraft
17:29
to counter the local government and the different factions.
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i kampen mod de lokale regeringer og de forskellige grupperinger.
17:33
So, what's the future?
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Så hvad er fremtiden?
17:36
After all, we are the mouse.
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Vi er trods alt musen.
17:38
Whatever the future is, we should fight against the [cat].
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Uanset hvad fremtiden er skal vi kæmpe mod musen.
17:42
There is not only in China, but also in the United States
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Ikke kun i Kina, men også i USA
17:46
there are some very small, cute but bad cats.
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er der nogle meget små, søde men slemme katte.
17:51
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
17:53
SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, TPP and ITU.
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SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, TPP og ITU.
17:59
And also, like Facebook and Google, they claim they are friends of the mouse,
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Og ligesom Facebook og Google påstår de at de er venner med musen,
18:05
but sometimes we see them dating the cats.
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men nogle gange ser vi dem lege med kattene.
18:09
So my conclusion is very simple.
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Så min konklusion er meget enkel.
18:12
We Chinese fight for our freedom,
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Vi kinesere vil kæmpe for vores frihed,
18:15
you just watch your bad cats.
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I skal bare holde øje med jeres slemme katte.
18:19
Don't let them hook [up] with the Chinese cats.
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Lad dem ikke slå sig sammen med de kinesiske katte.
18:21
Only in this way, in the future,
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Kun på den måde, i fremtiden,
18:24
we will achieve the dreams of the mouse:
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kan vi opnå musens drømme:
18:28
that we can tweet anytime, anywhere, without fear.
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at kunne tweete når som helst, hvor som helst, uden frygt.
18:31
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
18:39
Thank you.
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Tak!
18:41
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Anti - BloggerMichael Anti (Zhao Jing), a key figure in China's new journalism, explores the growing power of the Chinese internet.
Why you should listen
One morning in 2011, Michael Anti woke up to find himself a nonperson: His Facebook profile, with 1,000+ contacts, had been suspended. Anti, whose given name is Zhao Jing, ran up against Facebook's real-name policy--but he points out that for Chinese bloggers and information activists, the pseudonym is an important protection for the free exchange of information.
Facebook itself is blocked in China (along with Twitter and YouTube), but the country boasts some 500 million netizens--including 200 million microbloggers on sites like Sina Weibo, a freewheeling though monitored platform for text and photo updates that offers, perhaps for the first time, a space for public debate in China. It's not a western-style space, Anti clarifies, but for China it is revolutionary: It's the first national public sphere. Microblogs' role became clear in the wake of the high-speed train crash in Wenzhou in 2011, when Weibo became a locus of activism and complaint--and a backchannel that refuted official reports and has continued to play a key role in more recent events.
Michael Anti | Speaker | TED.com