TEDGlobal 2012
Michael Anti: Behind the Great Firewall of China
Michael Anti: 中國防火長城背後
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趙靜 (Michael Anti) 喺中國寫博客已有12年。雖然中央政府一直無放鬆對言論自由嘅控制（所有伺服器都喺北京），微博上成千上萬嘅用戶已經創造緊中國史上第一個全國性、公開嘅討論空間，同時權力嘅天平亦都開始向大家意料之外嘅方向傾斜。
Michael Anti - Blogger
Michael Anti (Zhao Jing), a key figure in China's new journalism, explores the growing power of the Chinese internet. Full bio
Michael Anti (Zhao Jing), a key figure in China's new journalism, explores the growing power of the Chinese internet. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
In the past several days, I heard people talking about China.
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過去呢幾日，我都聽到有人喺度談論緊中國。
00:21
And also, I talked to friends about China and Chinese Internet.
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而我亦都有朋友講到中國同中國嘅互聯網，
00:25
Something is very challenging to me.
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一樣對我嚟講係好有挑戰性嘅事。
00:27
I want to make my friends understand:
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我想令我嘅朋友知道：
00:30
China is complicated.
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中國係非常複雜。
00:34
So I always want to tell the story, like,
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所以我成日都好想解釋比大家聽，
00:36
one hand it is that, the other hand is that.
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所有野都可以從兩個角度睇，
00:39
You can't just tell a one sided story.
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你唔可以只係話比人知故事嘅其中一面。
00:42
I'll give an example. China is a BRIC country.
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其中一個例子係：中國係金磚四國之一，
00:45
BRIC country means Brazil, Russia, India and China.
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金磚四國即係巴西(Brazil)、俄羅斯(Russia)、印度(India)同中國(China)。
00:51
This emerging economy really is helping the revival of the world economy.
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呢幾個發展中國家嘅經濟增長幫助咗全世界經濟復蘇。
00:57
But at the same time, on the other hand,
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但同時，
01:00
China is a SICK country,
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中國係一個「有病」嘅國家(SICK country)。
01:03
the terminology coined by Facebook IPO papers -- file.
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呢個係一次Facebook招股嗰時提到嘅新詞。
01:09
He said the SICK country means Syria, Iran, China and North Korea.
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「有病」嘅國家包括敘利亞(Syria)、伊朗(Iran)、中國(China)同北韓(North Korea)。
01:15
The four countries have no access to Facebook.
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呢四個國家都禁止人民使用Facebook。
01:20
So basically, China is a SICK BRIC country.
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所以基本上中國係一個「有病嘅金磚國家」。
01:24
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:25
Another project was built up
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有人計劃
01:27
to watch China and Chinese Internet.
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要監察中國同中國嘅互聯網。
01:29
And now, today I want to tell you my personal
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而今日，我想同你講吓我最近幾年對於呢一埲牆
01:33
observation in the past several years, from that wall.
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嘅個人研究...
01:38
So, if you are a fan of the Game of Thrones,
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如果你有睇過「權力遊戲」(Game of Thrones)，
01:42
you definitely know how important a big wall is for an old kingdom.
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你應該會明白一埲巨牆對古老帝國嚟講，有幾重要。
01:47
It prevents weird things from the north.
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佢可以隔絕從北方而來嘅異物。
01:52
Same was true for China.
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而對中國而言，道理係一樣嘅。
01:55
In the north, there was a great wall, Chang Cheng.
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喺中國嘅北面有一埲巨牆，叫長城。
01:58
It protected China from invaders for 2,000 years.
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佢過去保護咗中國免受外族入侵足足2000年。
02:04
But China also has a great firewall.
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而今日嘅中國同樣有一面巨大嘅牆—防火長城。(Great Firewall)
02:08
That's the biggest digital boundary in the whole world.
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佢係世界上最強大嘅一道數碼防線。
02:12
It's not only to defend the Chinese regime from overseas,
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佢唔單止保護咗中國政權，
02:16
from the universal values, but also to prevent
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免受外國嘅普世價值影響，亦都防止咗
02:20
China's own citizens to access the global free Internet,
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中國嘅網民透過互聯網了解世界。
02:24
and even separate themselves into blocks, not united.
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甚至將人分成一個個小圈子，而唔係將大家團結起來。
02:29
So, basically the "Internet" has two Internets.
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所以，其實互聯網嘅世界可以分為兩種：
02:33
One is the Internet, the other is the Chinanet.
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一個係「互聯網」，一個係「中國互聯網(Chinanet)」。
02:37
But if you think the Chinanet is something
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不過如果你以為中國互聯網係一片廢土、係一個無活力嘅地方，
02:41
like a deadland, wasteland, I think it's wrong.
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你就錯了。
02:47
But we also use a very simple metaphor, the cat and the mouse game,
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我哋有時會用一個簡單嘅比喻：貓同老鼠，
02:53
to describe in the past 15 years
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嚟形容過去15年
02:56
the continuing fight between Chinese
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中國網民同政府網絡審查嘅鬥爭。
03:00
censorship, government censorship, the cat,
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中國政府係貓，
03:03
and the Chinese Internet users. That means us, the mouse.
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中國嘅網民，即係我哋，係老鼠。
03:09
But sometimes this kind of a metaphor is too simple.
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但係其實並唔係咁簡單。
03:13
So today I want to upgrade it to 2.0 version.
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今日我想將佢升級到2.0。
03:19
In China, we have 500 million Internet users.
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喺中國有5億網民，
03:22
That's the biggest population of Netizens, Internet users, in the whole world.
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即係呢個係全世界最大嘅網民人口。
03:27
So even though China's is a totally censored Internet,
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所以就算中國點抑制互聯網都好，
03:33
but still, Chinese Internet society is really booming.
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中國嘅網絡人口始終都會不斷增長。
03:36
How to make it? It's simple.
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咁有乜可能呢？其實好簡單。
03:39
You have Google, we have Baidu.
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你哋有Google，我哋有百度。
03:42
You have Twitter, we have Weibo.
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你哋有Twitter，我哋有微博。
03:45
You have Facebook, we have Renren.
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你哋有Facebook，我哋有人人網。
03:48
You have YouTube, we have Youku and Tudou.
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你哋有Youtube，我哋有優酷同土豆。
03:53
The Chinese government blocked every
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中國政府封鎖咗
03:58
single international Web 2.0 service,
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每一個Web 2.0嘅網站，
04:02
and we Chinese copycat every one.
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然後將逐個網站完完全全咁複製出一個中國版本。
04:04
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:06
So, that's the kind of the thing I call smart censorship.
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我認為呢啲先稱得上係聰明嘅審查方法。
04:10
That's not only to censor you.
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佢哋唔會淨係封鎖你。
04:14
Sometimes this Chinese national Internet policy is very simple:
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其實中國嘅互聯網政策非常簡單，
04:19
Block and clone.
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就係封鎖、然後複製。
04:21
On the one hand, he wants to satisfy people's need of a social network,
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一方面佢哋滿足咗人民對於社交網絡嘅需要，
04:26
which is very important; people really love social networking.
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呢樣好重要，因為大家都好鐘意社交。
04:29
But on the other hand, they want to keep the server
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而另一方面，佢哋又將伺服器
04:32
in Beijing so they can access the data any time they want.
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留喺北京，方便佢哋隨時監察。
04:37
That's also the reason Google was pulled out from China,
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呢個亦都係Google要離開中國嘅原因。
04:41
because they can't accept the fact
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因為佢哋唔可以接受
04:43
that Chinese government wants to keep the server.
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中國政府要保留佢哋嘅伺服器。
04:48
Sometimes the Arab dictators didn't understand these two hands.
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但好多阿拉伯嘅獨裁者都唔明白呢兩手，
04:53
For example, Mubarak, he shut down the Internet.
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例如穆巴拉克，佢直接封鎖左互聯網。
04:57
He wanted to prevent the Netizens [from criticizing] him.
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佢想防止網民批評佢。
05:00
But once Netizens can't go online, they go in the street.
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但正正因為網民無得喺網上發聲，佢地唯有走上街頭。
05:06
And now the result is very simple.
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依家結果非常明顯。
05:09
We all know Mubarak is technically dead.
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我哋都知道穆巴拉克基本上已經被判死刑，無得翻身。
05:14
But also, Ben Ali, Tunisian president,
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而突尼西亞總統班阿里，
05:19
didn't follow the second rule.
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就唔完全遵守呢啲規矩。
05:21
That means keep the server in your hands.
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佢並無將伺服器控制喺自己手上。
05:25
He allowed Facebook, a U.S.-based service,
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佢容許Facebook呢一個美國嘅網站
05:31
to continue to stay on inside of Tunisia.
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繼續喺突尼西亞營運。
05:34
So he can't prevent it, his own citizens to post
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所以佢根本無法控制佢國家嘅網民
05:38
critical videos against his corruption.
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喺網上發佈批評佢貪污腐敗嘅影片。
05:40
The same thing happend. He was the first
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同一件事都發生咗，佢係第一個
05:44
to topple during the Arab Spring.
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喺阿拉伯之春被拉下台嘅獨裁者。
05:47
But those two very smart international censorship policies
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但係呢兩個咁聰明嘅國際審查法則，
05:52
didn't prevent Chinese social media [from] becoming a really public sphere,
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都阻止唔到中國社交網絡成為一個公開嘅平台，
05:59
a pathway of public opinion and the nightmare of Chinese officials.
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令網民有機會發表意見，亦因此成為中國官員嘅惡夢。
06:04
Because we have 300 million microbloggers in China.
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因為中國有3億微博博客
06:09
It's the entire population of the United States.
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呢個數字其實就等於美國人口。
06:13
So when these 300 million people, microbloggers,
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而當我哋有呢3億微博博客，
06:17
even they block the tweet in our censored platform.
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即使部分微博會被屏蔽（即被中國政府審查後刪除），
06:21
But itself -- the Chinanet -- but itself can create
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佢地本來就已經可以喺中國互聯網(Chinanet)創造出
06:25
very powerful energy, which has never happened
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一股類似嘅事從來無喺中國歷史上發生過
06:30
in the Chinese history.
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嘅力量。
06:31
2011, in July, two [unclear] trains crashed,
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2011年7月，
06:36
in Wenzhou, a southern city.
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兩架高鐵喺溫州相撞。
06:38
Right after the train crash,
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就喺事件發生之後，
06:40
authorities literally wanted to cover up the train, bury the train.
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當局想馬上將高鐵殘駭就地掩埋。
06:45
So it angered the Chinese Netizens.
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當然，佢地激嬲左中國網民，
06:47
The first five days after the train crash,
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就喺事故發生之後嗰5日，
06:50
there were 10 million criticisms of the posting
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喺各個社交網絡，有1000萬條批評當局做法嘅貼文，
06:54
on social media, which never happened in Chinese history.
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呢個亦都係中國史上第一次發生。
06:58
And later this year, the rail minister
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而喺今年年尾，鐵路部部長
07:01
was sacked and sentenced to jail for 10 years.
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被革職同埋被判監10年。
07:07
And also, recently, very funny debate between
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而且近來同中國環保部
07:12
the Beijing Environment Ministry
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同美國駐北京大使館
07:15
and the American Embassy in Beijing
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有關嘅一件好有趣嘅事情。
07:18
because the Ministry blamed
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環保部就鬧
07:21
the American Embassy for intervening in
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美國大使館干涉
07:23
Chinese internal politics by disclosing
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中國內政，
07:27
the air quality data of Beijing.
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因為佢地公佈咗北京嘅空氣污染指數。
07:29
So, the up is the Embassy data, the PM 2.5.
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根據大使館嘅數據，氣動粒徑小於等於2.5微米的粒子
07:36
He showed 148, they showed it's dangerous for the sensitive group.
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指數有148，即係對於容易敏感嘅人士嚟講已達危險水平。
07:42
So a suggestion, it's not good to go outside.
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所以佢地建議大家唔好出街。
07:46
But that is the Ministry's data. He shows 50.
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但係中國環保部所公佈嘅數字係50。
07:51
He says it's good. It's good to go outside.
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佢地話空氣質素好好，大家應該出街行下。
07:55
But 99 percent of Chinese microbloggers
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但係99%嘅中國微博博客
07:58
stand firmly on the Embassy's side.
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都選擇相信大使館嘅數據。
08:02
I live in Beijing. Every day, I just watch
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我住喺北京嘅。每一日我都係睇美國大使館公佈嘅數據
08:07
the American Embassy's data to decide whether I should open my window.
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嚟決定我出唔出街好。
08:16
Why is Chinese social networking, even within the censorship,
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點解中國喺咁嚴密嘅審查之下，社交網絡仍然增長得咁快？
08:20
so booming? Part of the reason is Chinese languages.
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部分原因係中文呢種語言嘅特性。
08:24
You know, Twitter and Twitter clones have a kind of
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大家都知道，Twitter同山寨Twitter(即微博)都有一個特點，
08:28
a limitation of 140 characters.
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就係每段貼文不得超過140字。
08:30
But in English it's 20 words or a sentence with a short link.
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但係喺英文嚟講，140個字母只係一句20字左右嘅句子加一條短連結
08:34
Maybe in Germany, in German language, it may be just "Aha!"
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而用德文嘅話可能仲衰，140個字母可能只係夠你講一句「呀哈！(Aha!)」
08:38
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:40
But in Chinese language, it's really about 140 characters,
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但係中文嘅話，140字其實已經
08:46
means a paragraph, a story.
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代表一個段落，一個故事。
08:49
You can almost have all the journalistic elements there.
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你可以用140字囊括所有嘅新聞元素。
08:53
For example, this is Hamlet, of Shakespeare.
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例如呢段莎士比亞名著「哈姆雷特」嘅節錄。
08:57
It's the same content. One, you can see exactly
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中英文係同樣嘅內容。你可以清楚睇到，
09:00
one Chinese tweet is equal to 3.5 English tweets.
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一條中文微博嘅資訊量等於3.5條英文貼文。
09:07
Chinese is always cheating, right?
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你話中國人係咪成日都作弊r啊？
09:10
So because of this, the Chinese really regard this
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正正因為咁，中國人真真正正當咗
09:14
microblogging as a media, not only a headline to media.
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微博係一個正式嘅資訊來源，而唔係只係一堆標題。
09:19
And also, the clone, Sina company is
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同埋個山寨版Twitter，新浪公司
09:23
the guy who cloned Twitter.
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就係複製咗Twitter嘅公司，
09:25
It even has its own name, with Weibo.
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佢仲同佢改左個新名，叫微博。
09:27
"Weibo" is the Chinese translation for "microblog".
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「微博」即係中文嘅「簡短嘅博文」。
09:30
It has its own innovation.
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佢都有佢自己嘅創新之處，
09:32
At the commenting area, [it makes] the Chinese Weibo
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喺回覆、評論其他人微博呢方面，
09:35
more like Facebook, rather than the original Twitter.
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佢將新浪微博整到好似Facebook咁。
09:39
So these innovations and clones, as the Weibo and microblogging,
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所以當呢啲創新嘅服務同山寨版
09:43
when it came to China in 2009,
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喺2009年嚟到中國嘅時候，
09:46
it immediately became a media platform itself.
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佢好似變咗個資訊平台。
09:50
It became the media platform of 300 million readers.
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佢變咗個有3億讀者嘅資訊平台。
09:54
It became the media.
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佢變咗個媒體。
09:56
Anything not mentioned in Weibo,
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如果有某啲野無出現喺微博，
09:58
it does not appear to exist for the Chinese public.
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佢喺中國公眾眼中就會好似無出現過一樣。
10:04
But also, Chinese social media is
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而同時，中國社交網絡
10:06
really changing Chinese mindsets and Chinese life.
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的確係改變緊中國人嘅思想同生活。
10:10
For example, they give the voiceless people
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例如，佢比咗個渠道比講唔到嘢嘅人
10:14
a channel to make your voice heard.
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去講佢想講嘅嘢。
10:17
We had a petition system. It's a remedy outside the judicial system,
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我哋有一個上訪制度。佢係一個獨立於司法之外嘅一個系統，
10:22
because the Chinese central government wants to keep a myth:
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因為中國政府想營造一個形象，就係
10:25
The emperor is good. The old local officials are thugs.
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皇帝(即中央政府)係關心人民嘅。本地嘅官員係壞人。
10:30
So that's why the petitioner, the victims, the peasants,
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所以被迫害嘅上訪者，被害者、農民
10:33
want to take the train to Beijing to petition to the central government,
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會希望搭火車到北京中央政府尋求協助
10:37
they want the emperor to settle the problem.
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佢哋想「皇帝」去解決佢哋嘅問題。
10:40
But when more and more people go to Beijing,
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但係當愈來愈多人上京上訪，
10:42
they also cause the risk of a revolution.
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佢地又變成左可能造成革命嘅不安定因素。
10:46
So they send them back in recent years.
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所以政府近年開始打發佢哋走，
10:49
And even some of them were put into black jails.
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有啲甚至會被拉左去坐監。
10:52
But now we have Weibo, so I call it the Weibo petition.
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但係而家我哋有微博，我叫佢做「微博上訪」。
10:56
People just use their cell phones to tweet.
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人民可以用佢哋嘅電話發送訊息。
10:59
So your sad stories, by some chance your story
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所以你嘅悲慘故事，可能會咁啱被某啲記者
11:02
will be picked up by reporters, professors or celebrities.
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或者教授、或者名人睇中。
11:06
One of them is Yao Chen,
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例如微博女王姚晨，
11:08
she is the most popular microblogger in China,
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佢係中國最受歡迎嘅微博博客，
11:11
who has about 21 million followers.
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有大概2100萬粉絲。
11:15
They're almost like a national TV station.
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佢地簡直就係一個全國性嘅電視台。
11:19
If you -- so a sad story will be picked up by her.
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如果你嘅故事被佢睇中，(咁就會有好多人睇到)。
11:22
So this Weibo social media, even in the censorship,
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呢個就係微博嘅世界，即使有政府審查，
11:27
still gave the Chinese a real chance for 300 million people
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都阻止唔到全部3億嘅微博用家。
11:32
every day chatting together, talking together.
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佢地每日傾，分享資訊，
11:36
It's like a big TED, right?
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就好似個TED咁，係唔係？
11:39
But also, it is like the first time a public sphere
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同埋，呢個都係中國第一次
11:42
happened in China.
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出現一個公眾平台。
11:44
Chinese people start to learn how to negotiate
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中國人開始學習點樣談判，
11:47
and talk to people.
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同埋同其他人交流。
11:51
But also, the cat, the censorship, is not sleeping.
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但係，隻貓， 即係審查者都無停止動作。
11:54
It's so hard to post some sensitive words on the Chinese Weibo.
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要喺微博上貼一啲敏感嘅字詞依然非常困難。
11:59
For example, you can't post the name of the president,
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譬如，你唔可以打國家主席嘅名，
12:02
Hu Jintao, and also you can't post the city of Chongqing, the name,
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胡錦濤，你亦都唔可以喺貼文入面提到重慶，
12:07
and until recently, you can't search the surname of top leaders.
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而直至最近，你都唔可以搜尋最高領導人嘅姓氏。
12:12
So, the Chinese are very good at these puns
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中國非常擅長控制呢啲雙關語
12:16
and alternative wording and even memes.
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同埋近似詞同諺語等。
12:20
They even name themselves -- you know,
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佢哋仲會用
12:22
use the name of this world-changing
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一個「影響世界」嘅鬥爭
12:25
battle between the grass-mud horse and the river crab.
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即係「草泥馬」同「河蟹」嘅鬥爭作比喻。
12:29
The grass-mud horse is caoníma,
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草泥馬即係羊駝，
12:31
is the phonogram for motherfucker,
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同粗口「操你媽」發音非常相似，
12:34
the Netizens call themselves.
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係網民對自己嘅稱呼。
12:40
River crab is héxiè, is the phonogram for
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河蟹就發音近似
12:43
harmonization, for censorship.
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和諧，即係審查、「被和諧」等。
12:45
So that's kind of a caoníma versus the héxiè, that's very good.
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所以草混馬vs河蟹呢個比喻用得好好。
12:51
So, when some very political, exciting moments happened,
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而每當有啲敏感嘅政治事件發生，
12:57
you can see on Weibo, you see a lot of very weird stories happened.
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你會喺微博見到一個非常奇怪嘅現象。
13:02
Weird phrases and words, even if you have a PhD
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好多好奇怪嘅字會出現，即使你有個中文嘅
13:07
of Chinese language, you can't understand them.
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博士學位，都唔會明白佢哋講嘅野。
13:10
But you can't even expand more, no, because
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但係你唔可以去解釋，
13:13
Chinese Sina Weibo, when it was founded
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因為中國嘅新浪微博係喺中國
13:16
was exactly one month after the official blocking of Twitter.com.
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封鎖Twitter之後一個月出現嘅產物。
13:21
That means from the very beginning,
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即係由一開始，
13:23
Weibo has already convinced the Chinese government,
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中國政府就已經控制咗微博。
13:28
we will not become the stage for
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微博係唔會變會
13:30
any kind of a threat to the regime.
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對中國政權有任何嘅威脅。
13:33
For example, anything you want to post,
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譬如，你想喺微博上發表D野，
13:35
like "get together" or "meet up" or "walk,"
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好似「聚集」、「碰頭」或者「散步」等等
13:38
it is automatically recorded and data mined
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都會被新浪自動屏蔽，並且作紀錄
13:42
and reported to a poll for further political analyzing.
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呢啲紀錄會用作政治分析用。
13:49
Even if you want to have some gathering,
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即使你計劃好要聚會，
13:51
before you go there, the police are already waiting for you.
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喺你到達之前，警察已經到咗
13:54
Why? Because they have the data.
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點解？因為佢哋有資料。
13:56
They have everything in their hands.
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佢哋手上有晒所有資料。
13:58
So they can use the 1984 scenario data mining of the dissident.
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所以佢哋可以用1984年查異見者嘅方法去查你。
14:05
So the crackdown is very serious.
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所以呢方面嘅鎮壓係非常嚴重。
14:08
But I want you to notice a very funny thing
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我又想你留意一件好有趣嘅事，
14:11
during the process of the cat-and-mouse.
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係喺貓捉老鼠嘅過程入面。
14:14
The cat is the censorship, but Chinese is not only one cat,
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貓係審查者，但係中國人並不只是一隻貓，
14:18
but also has local cats. Central cat and local cats.
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除左中央貓之外，仲有地區貓。
14:22
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
14:23
You know, the server is in the [central] cats' hands,
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大家都知道，中央貓控制住伺服器，
14:27
so even that -- when the Netizens criticize the local government,
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所以即使網民喺網上批評地區政府，
14:31
the local government has not any access to the data in Beijing.
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地區政府都無權取得儲存喺北京嘅資料。
14:36
Without bribing the central cats,
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如果唔賄賂中央貓，
14:38
he can do nothing, only apologize.
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佢就咩都做唔到，只可以道歉。
14:41
So these three years, in the past three years,
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所以過去呢三年間，
14:44
social movements about microblogging
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微博上嘅社會運動
14:46
really changed local government,
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的確改變咗地區政府，
14:49
became more and more transparent,
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令到佢哋愈嚟愈透明，
14:51
because they can't access the data.
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因為佢哋無能力接觸到啲資料。
14:54
The server is in Beijing.
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伺服器喺北京。
14:58
The story about the train crash,
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高鐵追尾事故，
14:59
maybe the question is not about why 10 million
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最主要嘅問題可能並唔係點解五日內會有1000萬批評
15:02
criticisms in five days, but why the Chinese central government
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而係點解中國中央政府
15:06
allowed the five days of freedom of speech online.
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會容許人民喺網上自由討論五日。
15:10
It's never happened before.
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類似事件從來無發生過。
15:12
And so it's very simple, because even the top leaders
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理由好簡單，因為最上層嘅領導人
15:15
were fed up with this guy, this independent kingdom.
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都頂唔順呢個部長嘅獨立王國。
15:19
So they want an excuse --
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所以佢哋需要一個理由去整治佢—
15:20
public opinion is a very good excuse to punish him.
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而社會輿論係一個非常好嘅理由。
15:24
But also, the Bo Xilai case recently, very big news,
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同埋近期嘅薄熙來案，係一件大新聞，
15:27
he's a princeling.
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佢本身係太子黨。
15:28
But from February to April this year,
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但係今年二月至四月，
15:32
Weibo really became a marketplace of rumors.
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微博真係變左一個謠言嘅集散地。
15:35
You can almost joke everything about these princelings,
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你可以開任何太子黨嘅玩笑，
15:38
everything! It's almost like you're living in the United States.
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係任何！就好似你身處喺美國一樣。
15:42
But if you dare to retweet or mention any fake coup
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但如果你膽敢發表任何關於北京政變嘅虛假消息，
15:46
about Beijing, you definitely will be arrested.
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就一定會被人拉。
15:50
So this kind of freedom is a targeted and precise window.
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所以呢類自由都只係一扇有目的同限制嘅窗。
15:56
So Chinese in China, censorship is normal.
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所以喺中國，審查係一件再正常不過嘅事。
16:00
Something you find is, freedom is weird.
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你會發現，自由真係好奇怪。
16:03
Something will happen behind it.
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自由背後總會發生啲事。
16:04
Because he was a very popular Leftist leader,
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因為佢曾經係一個好受歡迎嘅左派領導人，
16:08
so the central government wanted to purge him,
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所以中央政府想清算佢，
16:10
and he was very cute, he convinced all the Chinese people,
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同埋佢好有魅力，佢說服左中國人民相信
16:14
why he is so bad.
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點解佢會咁壞。
16:16
So Weibo, the 300 million public sphere,
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所以擁有30億用戶嘅微博公共空間
16:20
became a very good, convenient tool for a political fight.
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變成一個非常好用、方便嘅政治鬥爭工具。
16:24
But this technology is very new,
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雖然科技好新，
16:26
but technically is very old.
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但係操控嘅手段都係舊橋。
16:28
It was made famous by Chairman Mao, Mao Zedong,
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最出名嘅係毛澤東，
16:31
because he mobilized millions of Chinese people
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佢曾經成功帶動到過百萬嘅中國人民
16:34
in the Cultural Revolution to destroy every local government.
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喺文革時期挫毀每個地區政府。
16:38
It's very simple, because Chinese central government
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道理好簡單，中央政府根本
16:41
doesn't need to even lead the public opinion.
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連控制人民意見都唔洗。
16:43
They just give them a target window to not censor people.
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佢地只係需要開放一個窗口，一個不受審查嘅方向比人民。
16:47
Not censoring in China has become a political tool.
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喺中國，「不審查」反而變成一個政治工具。
16:53
So that's the update about this game, cat-and-mouse.
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以上就係貓捉老鼠遊戲嘅近況。
16:57
Social media changed Chinese mindset.
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社交網絡真係改變左中國人嘅思考方法。
16:59
More and more Chinese intend to embrace freedom of speech
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越嚟越多嘅中國人開始重視言論自由
17:03
and human rights as their birthright,
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同人權，並且相信呢嘅係佢地與生俱來嘅權利，
17:05
not some imported American privilege.
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而唔係美國入口嘅「特權」。
17:09
But also, it gave the Chinese a national public sphere
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同時，佢俾咗中國一個公開嘅討論空間
17:12
for people to, it's like a training of their citizenship,
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俾人民實習咩叫公民權力，
17:17
preparing for future democracy.
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為未來嘅民主作準備。
17:19
But it didn't change the Chinese political system,
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但係佢並無改變中國現時嘅政制，
17:22
and also the Chinese central government utilized this
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而中央政府都善用咗呢個
17:25
centralized server structure to strengthen its power
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中央控制嘅伺服器系統去加強佢嘅政權
17:29
to counter the local government and the different factions.
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用以對抗地區政府同其他勢力。
17:33
So, what's the future?
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咁未來究竟會係點？
17:36
After all, we are the mouse.
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始終我哋都係老鼠。
17:38
Whatever the future is, we should fight against the [cat].
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無論未來係點，我哋都應該繼續抵抗貓（原文為老鼠，應為口誤）。
17:42
There is not only in China, but also in the United States
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並唔係淨係中國，美國都需要，因為美國
17:46
there are some very small, cute but bad cats.
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都樣有啲細細隻、可愛但係壞嘅貓。
17:51
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
17:53
SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, TPP and ITU.
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反侵權、政見調查、版權法案、電訊商同政府間嘅合作等。
17:59
And also, like Facebook and Google, they claim they are friends of the mouse,
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同埋Facebook同Google，佢哋話自已係老鼠嘅朋友，
18:05
but sometimes we see them dating the cats.
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但係有時我哋會見到佢哋同貓一齊。
18:09
So my conclusion is very simple.
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所以我嘅結論好簡單。
18:12
We Chinese fight for our freedom,
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我哋中國人喺中國爭取我哋嘅自由，
18:15
you just watch your bad cats.
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你哋就睇住你哋嘅衰貓。
18:19
Don't let them hook [up] with the Chinese cats.
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唔好俾佢哋同中國貓有合作嘅機會。
18:21
Only in this way, in the future,
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只有做到呢一點，未來
18:24
we will achieve the dreams of the mouse:
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我哋先可以實現老鼠嘅夢想：
18:28
that we can tweet anytime, anywhere, without fear.
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可以隨時、隨地發表任何意見而唔需要怕被清算。
18:31
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
18:39
Thank you.
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多謝。
18:41
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Anti - BloggerMichael Anti (Zhao Jing), a key figure in China's new journalism, explores the growing power of the Chinese internet.
Why you should listen
One morning in 2011, Michael Anti woke up to find himself a nonperson: His Facebook profile, with 1,000+ contacts, had been suspended. Anti, whose given name is Zhao Jing, ran up against Facebook's real-name policy--but he points out that for Chinese bloggers and information activists, the pseudonym is an important protection for the free exchange of information.
Facebook itself is blocked in China (along with Twitter and YouTube), but the country boasts some 500 million netizens--including 200 million microbloggers on sites like Sina Weibo, a freewheeling though monitored platform for text and photo updates that offers, perhaps for the first time, a space for public debate in China. It's not a western-style space, Anti clarifies, but for China it is revolutionary: It's the first national public sphere. Microblogs' role became clear in the wake of the high-speed train crash in Wenzhou in 2011, when Weibo became a locus of activism and complaint--and a backchannel that refuted official reports and has continued to play a key role in more recent events.
Michael Anti | Speaker | TED.com