TEDxJaffa 2013
Guy Hoffman: Robots with "soul"
Guy Hoffman: Robotter med "sjæl"
Filmed:
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Hvilken slags robotter ville en animator / jazz musiker / roboticist lave? Legesyge, reagerende, nysgerrige typer. Guy Hoffman viser demofilm af sin familie af usædvanlige robotter -- inklusiv to musikalske robotter, som godt kan lide at jamme med mennesker. (Filmet ved TEDxJaffa.)
Guy Hoffman - Roboticist
Can robots and humans interact the way that human beings interact with each other? Guy Hoffman researches embodied cognition and intelligence in robots. Full bio
Can robots and humans interact the way that human beings interact with each other? Guy Hoffman researches embodied cognition and intelligence in robots. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
My job is to design, build and study
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Mit job er at designe, bygge og studere
00:15
robots that communicate with people.
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robotter, som kommunikerer med mennesker.
00:17
But this story doesn't start with robotics at all,
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Men denne historie starter slet ikke med robotteknologi,
00:18
it starts with animation.
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den starter med animation.
00:20
When I first saw Pixar's "Luxo Jr.,"
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Da jeg første gang så Pixars "Luxo Jr.,"
00:23
I was amazed by how much emotion
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blev jeg overvældet over hvor meget følelse
00:25
they could put into something
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de kunne putte ind i noget
00:27
as trivial as a desk lamp.
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så hverdagsagtigt som en skrivebordslampe.
00:29
I mean, look at them -- at the end of this movie,
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Jeg mener, se på dem - i slutningen af filmen
00:31
you actually feel something for two pieces of furniture.
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føler man rent faktisk noget for to stykker møbel.
00:33
(Laughter)
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(Folk griner)
00:35
And I said, I have to learn how to do this.
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Og jeg sagde, jeg er nødt til at lære hvordan man gør det her.
00:37
So I made a really bad career decision.
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Derfor foretog en virkeligt dårlig beslutning for min karriere.
00:41
And that's what my mom was like when I did it.
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Og det var sådan min mor var, da jeg gjorde det.
00:43
(Laughter)
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(Folk griner)
00:45
I left a very cozy tech job in Israel
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Jeg forlod et rigtig hyggeligt teknisk job i Israel
00:48
at a nice software company and I moved to New York
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hos et godt software firma og flyttede til New York
00:50
to study animation.
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for at studere animation.
00:51
And there I lived
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Og der boede jeg
00:52
in a collapsing apartment building
in Harlem with roommates.
in Harlem with roommates.
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med nogle samboer i et lejlighedskompleks i Harlem, der var ved at styrte sammen.
00:55
I'm not using this phrase metaphorically,
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Jeg bruger ikke den sætning i overført betydning,
00:57
the ceiling actually collapsed one day
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en dag faldt loftet rent faktisk ned
00:59
in our living room.
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i vores stue.
01:00
Whenever they did those news stories
about building violations in New York,
about building violations in New York,
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Hver gang de lavede nyhedsindslag om bygningsovertrædelser i New York,
01:03
they would put the report in front of our building.
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så lavede de rapporten foran vores bygning.
01:05
As kind of like a backdrop
to show how bad things are.
to show how bad things are.
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Som en slags baggrund, der skulle vise hvor slemt det stod til.
01:08
Anyway, during the day I went to school and at night
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Nå, men om dagen gik jeg i skole og om aftenen
01:10
I would sit and draw frame by frame
of pencil animation.
of pencil animation.
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sad jeg og tegnede blyantsanimation, billede efter billede.
01:14
And I learned two surprising lessons --
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Og jeg lærte to overraskende lektier -
01:16
one of them was that
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en af dem var, at
01:19
when you want to arouse emotions,
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når man ønsker at vække følelse,
01:21
it doesn't matter so much how something looks,
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så betyder det ikke så meget hvordan en genstand ser ud,
01:22
it's all in the motion -- it's in the timing
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det hele ligger i bevægelsen - i timingen
01:25
of how the thing moves.
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af genstandens bevægelser.
01:26
And the second, was something
one of our teachers told us.
one of our teachers told us.
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Og den anden lektie var noget, som en af vores lærere fortalte os.
01:30
He actually did the weasel in Ice Age.
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Han skabte faktisk væslen i Ice Age.
01:32
And he said:
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Og han sagde:
01:33
"As an animator you are not
a director, you're an actor."
a director, you're an actor."
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"Som animator, er du ikke instruktør, du er skuespiller."
01:37
So, if you want to find the
right motion for a character,
right motion for a character,
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Så hvis du skal finde den rigtige bevægelse til en figur,
01:40
don't think about it, go use your body to find it --
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så lad være med at tænke over det, bare brug din krop til at finde den -
01:42
stand in front of a mirror, act it out
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stil dig foran et spejl, spil skuespil
01:44
in front of a camera -- whatever you need.
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foran et kamera - hvad end du må gøre.
01:45
And then put it back in your character.
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Og put dette ind i din figur.
01:48
A year later I found myself at MIT
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Et år senere befandt jeg mig på Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT,
01:50
in the robotic life group, it was one of the first groups
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i en gruppe om robotteknisk liv, det var en af de første grupper
01:52
researching the relationships
between humans and robots.
between humans and robots.
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der studerede forholdet mellem mennesker og robotter.
01:55
And I still had this dream to make
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Og jeg havde stadig drømmen om at lave
01:57
an actual, physical Luxo Jr. lamp.
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en ægte, fysisk Luxo Jr.-lampe.
02:00
But I found that robots didn't move at all
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Men jeg opdagede at robotter overhovedet ikke bevægede sig
02:01
in this engaging way that I was used to
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på den vedkommende måde, som jeg var vant til
02:03
for my animation studies.
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i mine animationsstudier.
02:04
Instead, they were all --
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Istedet var de alle -
02:06
how should I put it, they were all kind of robotic.
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hvordan skal jeg sige det, de var alle ret robot-agtige.
02:09
(Laughter)
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(Folk griner)
02:11
And I thought, what if I took whatever
I learned in animation school,
I learned in animation school,
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Og jeg tænkte, hvad hvis jeg tager dét, som jeg lærte på animationsskolen,
02:14
and used that to design my robotic desk lamp.
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og bruger det i designet af min skrivebordslampe-robot.
02:17
So I went and designed frame by frame
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Så jeg begyndte at designe, billede for billede,
02:19
to try to make this robot
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for at forsøge at gøre denne robot
02:21
as graceful and engaging as possible.
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så elegant og engagerende som muligt.
02:24
And here when you see the robot interacting with me
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Og her ser I robotten interagere med mig
02:26
on a desktop.
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på et skrivebord.
02:27
And I'm actually redesigning the robot so,
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Og jeg er faktisk igang med at omdesigne robotten,
02:30
unbeknownst to itself,
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så uden den ved det,
02:31
it's kind of digging its own grave by helping me.
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så graver den faktisk sin egen grav ved at hjælpe mig.
02:34
(Laughter)
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(Folk griner)
02:36
I wanted it to be less of a mechanical structure
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Jeg ville gerne have en mindre mekanisk struktur,
02:38
giving me light,
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der bare giver lys,
02:39
and more of a helpful, kind of quiet apprentice
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og mere end hjælpsom, stille lærling,
02:42
that's always there when you need
it and doesn't really interfere.
it and doesn't really interfere.
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som altid er der, når du skal bruge den, og ikke rigtig forstyrrer.
02:46
And when, for example, I'm looking for a battery
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Og når jeg for eksempel leder efter et batteri,
02:47
that I can't find,
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som jeg ikke kan finde,
02:49
in a subtle way, it will show me where the battery is.
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så skal den vise mig, hvor batteriet er.
02:53
So you can see my confusion here.
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I kan se min forvirring her.
02:56
I'm not an actor.
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Jeg er ikke skuespiller.
03:00
And I want you to notice how the same
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Og jeg synes I skal lægge mærke til, hvordan den samme
03:02
mechanical structure can at one point,
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mekaniske struktur i ét tilfælde,
03:04
just by the way it moves seem gentle and caring --
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udelukkende igennem bevægelser, kan virke blid og omsorgsfuld -
03:07
and in the other case, seem
violent and confrontational.
violent and confrontational.
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og i et andet tilfælde virke voldsom og konfrontatorisk.
03:10
And it's the same structure,
just the motion is different.
just the motion is different.
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Og det er den samme struktur, det er bare bevægelsen der er anderledes.
03:19
Actor: "You want to know something?
Well, you want to know something?
Well, you want to know something?
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Skuespiller: "Skal jeg sige dig noget? Hva', skal jeg sige dig noget?
03:25
He was already dead!
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Han var allerede død!
03:26
Just laying there, eyes glazed over!"
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Han lå bare der med tomme øjne!"
03:30
(Laughter)
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(Folk griner)
03:31
But, moving in graceful ways is just one
building block of this whole structure
building block of this whole structure
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Men at bevæge sig elegant er bare én byggesten i hele den struktur,
03:34
called human-robot interaction.
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som vi kalder interaktion mellem mennesker og robotter.
03:36
I was at the time doing my Ph.D.,
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På det tidspunkt var jeg igang med min Ph.D.,
03:38
I was working on human robot teamwork;
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jeg arbejdede med samarbejde mellem mennesker og robotter;
03:40
teams of humans and robots working together.
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hold af mennesker og robotter der arbejdede sammen.
03:42
I was studying the engineering,
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Jeg studerede konstruktionen,
03:43
the psychology, the philosophy of teamwork.
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psykologien, filosofien i samarbejdet.
03:46
And at the same time I found myself
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Og på samme tid befandt jeg mig
03:47
in my own kind of teamwork situation
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i min egen samarbejdssituation
03:49
with a good friend of mine who is actually here.
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med en god ven, som faktisk er her.
03:51
And in that situation we can easily imagine robots
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Og i den situation kan vi nemt forestille os robotter
03:54
in the near future being there with us.
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i den nære fremtid, som er der sammen med os.
03:56
It was after a Passover seder.
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Det var efter en Pesach seder [jødisk påskemiddag].
03:58
We were folding up a lot of folding chairs,
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Vi var ved at folde en masse stole sammen,
04:00
and I was amazed at how quickly
we found our own rhythm.
we found our own rhythm.
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og jeg var overrasket over, hvor hurtigt vi fandt vores egen rytme.
04:03
Everybody did their own part.
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Alle gjorde deres del.
04:04
We didn't have to divide our tasks.
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Vi behøvede ikke opdele arbejdet mellem os.
04:06
We didn't have to communicate verbally about this.
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Vi behøvede ikke kommunikere verbalt om det.
04:08
It all just happened.
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Det skete bare.
04:10
And I thought,
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Og jeg tænkte,
04:10
humans and robots don't look at all like this.
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mennesker og robotter er slet ikke sådan her.
04:12
When humans and robots interact,
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Når mennesker og robotter interagerer,
04:14
it's much more like a chess game.
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så er det mere som et spil skak.
04:15
The human does a thing,
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Mennesket gør noget,
04:16
the robot analyzes whatever the human did,
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robotten analyserer, hvad mennesket gjorde,
04:18
then the robot decides what to do next,
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og så bestemmer robotten sig for sit næste træk,
04:20
plans it and does it.
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planlægger det, og gør det.
04:21
And then the human waits, until it's their turn again.
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Og så venter mennesket indtil det er dennes tur igen.
04:23
So, it's much more like a chess game
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Så det minder mere om et spil skak,
04:24
and that makes sense because chess is great
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og det giver mening, fordi skak er optimalt
04:27
for mathematicians and computer scientists.
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for matematikere og dataloger.
04:28
It's all about information analysis,
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Det handler om informationsanalyse,
04:30
decision making and planning.
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beslutningsprocesser og planlægning.
04:33
But I wanted my robot to be less of a chess player,
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Men jeg ville ikke have min robot til at være en skakspiller,
04:37
and more like a doer
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nærmere en handlingsmand,
04:39
that just clicks and works together.
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som bare klikker og samarbejder.
04:41
So I made my second horrible career choice:
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Så jeg foretog mit andet håbløse karrierevalg:
04:44
I decided to study acting for a semester.
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Jeg valgte at studere skuespil i et semester.
04:47
I took off from a Ph.D. I went to acting classes.
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Jeg tog fri fra min Ph.D. og gik til dramatimer.
04:50
I actually participated in a play,
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Jeg deltog faktisk i et skuespil,
04:52
I hope theres no video of that around still.
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jeg håber ikke der stadig findes nogen videoer af det.
04:55
And I got every book I could find about acting,
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Og jeg fandt så mange bøger jeg kunne om skuespilkunst,
04:58
including one from the 19th century
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inklusiv en fra det 19. århundrede
05:00
that I got from the library.
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som jeg lånte på biblioteket.
05:01
And I was really amazed because my
name was the second name on the list --
name was the second name on the list --
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Og jeg blev ret forbløffet over at mit navn var nummer to på listen --
05:04
the previous name was in 1889. (Laughter)
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det sidste navn var i 1889. (Folk griner)
05:07
And this book was kind of waiting for 100 years
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Og denne bog havde nærmest ventet i 100 år
05:09
to be rediscovered for robotics.
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på at blive genopdaget til robotteknologien.
05:12
And this book shows actors
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Og denne bog viser skuespillere
05:13
how to move every muscle in the body
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hvordan de skal bevæge hver muskel i kroppen
05:16
to match every kind of emotion
that they want to express.
that they want to express.
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for at matche hver eneste følelse de vil udtrykke.
05:18
But the real revelation was
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Men den sande åbenbaring var
05:20
when I learned about method acting.
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da jeg lærte om Method Acting.
05:22
It became very popular in the 20th century.
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Det blev meget populært i det 20. århundrede.
05:24
And method acting said, you don't have
to plan every muscle in your body.
to plan every muscle in your body.
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Og Method Acting foreskriver, at du ikke behøver planlægge alle muskler i din krop.
05:27
Instead you have to use your body
to find the right movement.
to find the right movement.
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Istedet skal du bruge din krop til at finde den rigtige bevægelse.
05:29
You have to use your sense memory
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Du skal bruge din sansehukommelse
05:31
to reconstruct the emotions and kind of
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til at rekonstruere følelserne og nærmest
05:33
think with your body to find the right expression.
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tænke med din krop, for at finde det rigtige udtryk.
05:36
Improvise, play off yor scene partner.
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Improviser, spil sammen med din medskuespiller på scenen.
05:38
And this came at the same time
as I was reading about this trend
as I was reading about this trend
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Og dette kom samtidig med at jeg læste om et trend
05:41
in cognitive psychology called embodied cognition.
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i kognitiv psykologi, kaldet kropsliggjort kognition.
05:45
Which also talks about the same ideas --
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Som også taler om de samme ideer --
05:46
We use our bodies to think,
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Vi bruger vores kroppe til at tænke,
05:48
we don't just think with our brains
and use our bodies to move.
and use our bodies to move.
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vi bruger ikke bare hjernen til at tænke, og kroppen til bevægelse.
05:50
but our bodies feed back into our brain
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Men vores kroppe viser tilbage til hjernen
05:52
to generate the way that we behave.
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for at generere den måde vi opfører os på.
05:55
And it was like a lightning bolt.
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Og det var som et lyn fra en klar himmel.
05:56
I went back to my office.
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Jeg tog tilbage til mit kontor.
05:57
I wrote this paper -- which I never really published
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Jeg skrev en artikel -- som jeg aldrig rigtig udgav,
06:00
called "Acting Lessons for Artificial Intelligence."
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kaldet "Dramalektioner for Kunstig Intelligens."
06:03
And I even took another month
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Og jeg brugte endda endnu en måned
06:04
to do what was then the first theater play
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på at lave hvad der dengang var det første teaterstykke
06:07
with a human and a robot acting together.
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med et menneske og en robot der spillede sammen.
06:08
That's what you saw before with the actors.
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Det var dét i så før med skuespillerne.
06:12
And I thought:
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Og jeg tænkte:
06:13
How can we make an artificial intelligence model --
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Hvordan kan vi lave en model indenfor kunstig intelligens --
06:16
computer, computational model --
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en computer-, eller datamodel --
06:18
that will model some of these ideas of improvisation,
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som kan illustrere nogle af disse improvisationsideer,
06:20
of taking risks, of taking chances,
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såsom at tage risici og chancer,
06:23
even of making mistakes.
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endda lave fejl.
06:24
Maybe it can make for better robotic teammates.
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Måske ville dette føre til bedre robot-samarbejdspartnere.
06:27
So I worked for quite a long time on these models
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Så jeg arbejdede ret lang tid på disse modeller
06:30
and I implemented them on a number of robots.
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og implementerede dem i et antal robotter.
06:32
Here you can see a very early example
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Her kan I se et meget tidligt eksempel
06:34
with the robots trying to use this
embodied artificial intelligence,
embodied artificial intelligence,
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kropsliggjorte kunstige intelligens,
06:38
to try to match my movements
as closely as possible,
as closely as possible,
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til at matche mine bevægelser så tæt som muligt,
06:40
sort of like a game.
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nærmest som et spil.
06:42
Let's look at it.
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Lad os se på det.
06:47
You can see when I psych it out, it gets fooled.
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Du kan se, at når jeg stresser den, bliver den narret.
06:51
And it's a little bit like what you might see actors do
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Og det er lidt som det man ser skuespillere gøre,
06:54
when they try to mirror each other
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når de forsøger at være spejlbilleder på hinanden
06:55
to find the right synchrony between them.
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for at finde den rigtige synkroni imellem dem.
06:58
And then, I did another experiment,
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Og så foretog jeg et andet eksperiment,
07:00
and I got people off the street
to use the robotic desk lamp,
to use the robotic desk lamp,
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og jeg fik folk på gaden til at bruge robot-skrivebordslampen,
07:04
and try out this idea of embodied
artificial intelligence.
artificial intelligence.
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for at forsøge sig med ideen om kropsliggjort kunstig intelligens.
07:08
So, I actually used two kinds
of brains for the same robot.
of brains for the same robot.
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Så jeg brugte faktisk to slags hjerner til den samme robot.
07:12
The robot is the same lamp that you saw,
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Robotten er den samme lampe som I så,
07:14
and I put in it two brains.
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og jeg gav den to hjerner.
07:15
For one half of the people,
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Til halvdelen af folkene på gaden,
07:17
I put in a brain that's kind of the traditional,
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gav jeg robotten en slags traditionel hjerne,
07:20
calculated robotic brain.
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en beregnet robot-hjerne.
07:21
It waits for its turn, it analyzes everything, it plans.
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Den venter til sin tur, den analyserer alt, den planlægger.
07:24
Let's call it the calculated brain.
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Lad os kalde det den beregnende hjerne.
07:26
The other got more the stage actor, risk taker brain.
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Den anden halvdel af folk fik sceneskuespillerhjernen, som tager risici.
07:29
Let's call it the adventurous brain.
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Lad os kalde det den eventyrlystne hjerne.
07:31
It sometimes acts without knowing
everything it has to know.
everything it has to know.
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Den handler sommetider uden at vide alt hvad den skal vide.
07:34
It sometimes makes mistakes and corrects them.
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Den laver nogle gange fejl, og retter dem.
07:36
And I had them do this very tedious task
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Og jeg fik dem til at udføre denne kedelige opgave,
07:39
that took almost 20 minutes
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der tog næsten tyve minutter
07:41
and they had to work together.
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og de skulle arbejde sammen.
07:42
Somehow simulating like a factory job
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På en eller anden måde simulere et fabriksarbejde,
07:44
of repetitively doing the same thing.
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hvor man gentager det samme og det samme.
07:47
And what I found was that people actually loved
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Og dét jeg opdagede var at folk faktisk elskede
07:49
the adventurous robot.
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den eventyrlystne robot.
07:50
And they thought it was more intelligent,
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Og de troede den var mere intelligent,
07:52
more committed, a better member of the team,
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mere engageret, et bedre medlem af teamet,
07:54
contributed to the success of the team more.
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bidrog mere til teamets succes.
07:56
They even called it 'he' and 'she,'
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1715
De kaldte den endda "han" og "hun,"
07:58
whereas people with the calculated brain called it 'it.'
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hvorimod de, der mødte den beregnende hjerne, kaldte den "den."
08:01
And nobody ever called it 'he' or 'she'.
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2747
Og ingen kaldte den nogensinde "han" eller "hun."
08:03
When they talked about it after the task
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Når de talte om det efter opgaven
08:05
with the adventurous brain,
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med den eventyrlystne hjerne,
08:07
they said, "By the end, we were good
friends and high-fived mentally."
friends and high-fived mentally."
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så sagde de, "Til sidst var vi gode venner, og high-fivede mentalt."
08:11
Whatever that means.
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Hvad det så end betyder.
08:12
(Laughter) Sounds painful.
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3247
(Folk griner). Det lyder smertefuldt
08:16
Whereas the people with the calculated brain
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2715
Hvorimod folk med den beregnende hjerne
08:18
said it was just like a lazy apprentice.
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sagde at det var ligesom en doven lærling.
08:21
It only did what it was supposed
to do and nothing more.
to do and nothing more.
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Den gjorde kun hvad den skulle, og intet mere.
08:23
Which is almost what people expect robots to do,
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Hvilket er hvad folk forventer robotter skal gøre,
08:26
so I was surprised that people
had higher expectations
had higher expectations
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så jeg var overrasket over at folk havde højere forventninger
08:28
of robots, than what anybody in robotics
thought robots should be doing.
thought robots should be doing.
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5144
til robotter, end hvad nogen som helst indenfor robotteknologi troede robotter skulle kunne.
08:34
And in a way, I thought, maybe it's time --
215
501886
1970
Og på en måde, tænkte jeg, måske er det på tide --
08:36
just like method acting changed the way
216
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ligesom Method Acting ændrede den måde
08:38
people thought about acting in the 19th century,
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1432
folk tænkte på skuespil i det 19. århundrede,
08:40
from going from the very calculated,
218
508149
1843
fra at være en meget beregnet,
08:42
planned way of behaving,
219
509992
1782
planlagt måde at geberde sig,
08:43
to a more intuitive, risk-taking,
embodied way of behaving.
embodied way of behaving.
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3521
til en mere intuitiv, risikovillig, kropsliggjort måde at gøre det på.
08:47
Maybe it's time for robots
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1404
Måske er det på tide for robotter
08:48
to have the same kind of revolution.
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3146
at have den samme slags revolution.
08:52
A few years later,
223
519845
1121
Et par år senere
08:53
I was at my next research job
at Georgia Tech in Atlanta,
at Georgia Tech in Atlanta,
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2508
var jeg på mit næste forskningsjob på Georgia Tech i Atlanta,
08:55
and I was working in a group
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1065
og jeg arbejdede i en gruppe
08:56
dealing with robotic musicians.
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1282
som tog sig af robot-musikere.
08:58
And I thought, music, that's the perfect place
227
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2841
Og jeg tænkte, musik, det er det perfekte sted
09:00
to look at teamwork, coordination,
228
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2397
at lede efter samarbejde, koordination,
09:03
timing, improvisation --
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1889
timing, improvisation --
09:05
and we just got this robot playing marimba.
230
532948
2536
og vi fik denne robot som spillede marimba.
09:07
Marimba, for everybody who was like me,
231
535484
2015
Marima, for alle, der har det som jeg havde det,
09:09
it was this huge, wooden xylophone.
232
537499
2845
er en stor xylofon i træ.
09:12
And, when I was looking at this,
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2695
Og mens jeg så på dette,
09:15
I looked at other works in
human-robot improvisation --
human-robot improvisation --
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543039
2594
så jeg på andre arbejder indenfor menneske-robot improvisation --
09:17
yes, there are other works in
human-robot improvisation --
human-robot improvisation --
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2379
Ja, der er andet arbejde i menneske-robot improvisation --
09:20
and they were also a little bit like a chess game.
236
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2093
og de var også lidt som et spil skak.
09:22
The human would play,
237
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1304
Mennesket ville spille noget,
09:23
the robot would analyze what was played,
238
551409
2580
robotten ville analysere hvad der blev spillet,
09:26
would improvise their own part.
239
553989
2212
og improvisere sin egen del.
09:28
So, this is what musicians called
240
556201
1667
Det er hvad musikere kalder
09:30
a call and response interaction,
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1483
"call and response" (kald-og-svar) interaktion,
09:31
and it also fits very well, robots
and artificial intelligence.
and artificial intelligence.
242
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3837
og det passer også meget godt på robotter og kunstig intelligens.
09:35
But I thought, if I use the same ideas I used
243
563188
1907
Men jeg tænkte, hvis jeg bruger de samme ideer, som jeg brugte
09:37
in the theater play and in the teamwork studies,
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3137
i teaterstykket og i samarbejdsstudierne,
09:40
maybe I can make the robots jam together
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568232
2452
så kan jeg måske få robotterne til at jamme sammen
09:42
like a band.
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570684
1621
ligesom et band
09:44
Everybody's riffing off each other,
nobody is stopping it for a moment.
nobody is stopping it for a moment.
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572305
3813
Alle får deres riffs fra hinanden, ingen stopper det.
09:48
And so, I tried to do the same
things, this time with music,
things, this time with music,
248
576118
2792
Og så prøvede jeg at gøre de samme ting, denne gang med musik,
09:51
where the robot doesn't really know
249
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1387
hvor robotten ikke rigtig ved,
09:52
what it's about to play.
250
580297
975
hvad den skal til at spille.
09:53
It just sort of moves its body
251
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1273
Den bevæger bare sin krop
09:54
and uses opportunities to play,
252
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2228
og bruger mulighederne for at spille,
09:56
And does what my jazz teacher
when I was 17 taught me.
when I was 17 taught me.
253
584773
2721
Og gør som min jazzlærer lærte mig da jeg var 17.
09:59
She said, when you improvise,
254
587494
1264
Hun sagde, når du improviserer
10:00
sometimes you don't know what you're doing
255
588758
1661
så ved du ikke altid hvad du laver,
10:02
and you're still doing it.
256
590419
1015
og du gør det alligevel.
10:03
And so I tried to make a robot that doesn't actually
257
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1430
Og sådan prøvede jeg at lave en robot, der ikke rigtig
10:05
know what it's doing, but it's still doing it.
258
592864
1945
ved hvad den laver, men stadig gør det.
10:07
So let's look at a few seconds
from this performance.
from this performance.
259
594809
2944
Så lad os se på et par sekunder fra denne optræden,
10:09
Where the robot listens to the human musician
260
597753
2917
hvor robotten lytter til den menneskelige musiker,
10:12
and improvises.
261
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1803
og improviserer.
10:14
And then, look at how the human musician also
262
602473
2373
Og se så hvordan mennesket også
10:17
responds to what the robot is doing, and picking up
263
604846
1787
reagerer på hvad robotten gør, og reflekterer
10:18
from its behavior.
264
606633
2820
dens opførsel.
10:21
And at some point can even be surprised
by what the robot came up with.
by what the robot came up with.
265
609453
4528
På et tidspunkt bliver han endda overrasket over hvad robotten fandt på.
10:26
(Music)
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46075
(Musik)
11:12
(Applause)
267
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5031
(Applaus)
11:17
Being a musician is not just about making notes,
268
665087
1986
At være musiker handler ikke kun om at læse noder,
11:19
otherwise nobody would ever go see a live show.
269
667073
2386
ellers ville ingen nogensinde set et live show.
11:21
Musicians also communicate with their bodies,
270
669459
1923
Musikere kommunikerer også med deres kroppe,
11:23
with other band members, with the audience,
271
671382
1947
med de andre medlemmer af bandet, med publikum,
11:25
they use their bodies to express the music.
272
673329
2163
de bruger kroppen til at udtrykke musikken.
11:27
And I thought, we already have
a robot musician on stage,
a robot musician on stage,
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2380
Og jeg tænkte, vi har allerede en robotmusiker på scenen,
11:30
why not make it be a full-fledged musician.
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2948
hvorfor ikke gøre den til en fuldblodsmusiker.
11:33
And I started designing a socially expressive head
275
680820
2516
Og jeg startede med at designe et socialt udtryksfuld hoved
11:35
for the robot.
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683336
1549
til robotten.
11:37
The head does't actually touch the marimba,
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1827
Hovedet rører ikke ved marimbaen,
11:38
it just expresses what the music is like.
278
686712
1636
det udtrykker bare hvordan musikken er.
11:40
These are some napkin sketches
from a bar in Atlanta,
from a bar in Atlanta,
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688348
3080
Dette er nogle servietskitser fra en bar i Atlanta,
11:43
that was dangerously located exactly halfway
280
691428
2622
der lå et faretruende sted præcis halvvejs
11:46
between my lab and my home. (Laughter)
281
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1452
mellem mit laboratorium og mit hjem. (Folk griner)
11:47
So I spent, I would say on average,
282
695502
1416
Så jeg brugte, gennemsnitligt,
11:49
three to four hours a day there.
283
696918
2928
tre til fire timer om dagen der.
11:52
I think. (Laughter)
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2898
Tror jeg. (Folk griner).
11:54
And I went back to my animation
tools and tried to figure out
tools and tried to figure out
285
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2979
Jeg tog tilbage til mine animationsredskaber, og prøvede at gennemskue,
11:57
not just what a robotic musician would look like,
286
705723
2182
ikke bare hvad en robotmusiker skulle se ud som,
12:00
but especially what a robotic
musician would move like.
musician would move like.
287
707905
2808
men specielt hvordan en robotmusiker ville bevæge sig.
12:02
To sort of show that it doesn't like
what the other person is playing --
what the other person is playing --
288
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3300
For at vise at den måske ikke kan lide hvad den anden person spiller --
12:06
and maybe show whatever beat it's feeling
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2479
og måske vise hvilket beat den føler
12:08
at the moment.
290
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1649
i øjeblikket.
12:10
So we ended up actually getting the money
to build this robot, which was nice.
to build this robot, which was nice.
291
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4527
Vi endte med rent faktisk at få penge til at bygge denne robot, hvilket var rart.
12:14
I'm going to show you now the
same kind of performance,
same kind of performance,
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722668
2210
Jeg vil nu vise jer den samme slags optræden,
12:17
this time with a socially expressive head.
293
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2342
denne gang med et socialt udtryksfuldt hoved.
12:19
And notice one thing --
294
727220
1964
Og læg mærke til en ting --
12:21
how the robot is really showing us
295
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1696
hvordan robotten viser os
12:23
the beat it's picking up from the human.
296
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1864
det beat han samler op fra mennesket.
12:24
We're also giving the human a sense
that the robot knows what it's doing.
that the robot knows what it's doing.
297
732744
4016
Vi giver også mennesket en følelse af, at robotten ved hvad den laver.
12:28
And also how it changes the way it moves
298
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1380
Og hvordan den ændrer sine bevægelser
12:30
as soon as it starts its own solo.
299
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2540
så snart den starter sin egen solo.
12:32
(Music)
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3920
(Musik)
12:36
Now it's looking at me to make sure I'm listening.
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2901
Nu kigger den på mig for at være sikker på at jeg lytter.
12:39
(Music)
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21100
(Musik)
13:00
And now look at the final chord of the piece again,
303
768601
3627
Og se nu på den sidste akkord i stykket igen,
13:04
and this time the robot communicates with its body
304
772228
2839
denne gang kommunikerer robotten med sin krop
13:07
when it's busy doing its own thing.
305
775067
2137
når den er travl med sin egen ting,
13:09
And when it's ready
306
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1612
og når den er klar til
13:11
to coordinate the final chord with me.
307
778816
3352
at koordinere den sidste akkord med mig.
13:14
(Music)
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12929
(Musik)
13:27
(Applause)
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795128
5778
(Applaus)
13:33
Thanks. I hope you see how much this totally not --
310
800906
4357
Tak. Jeg håber I kan se hvor meget
13:37
how much this part of the body
that doesn't touch the instrument
that doesn't touch the instrument
311
805263
2681
denne del af kroppen, som slet ikke rører instrumentet,
13:40
actually helps with the musical performance.
312
807944
3366
faktisk hjælper med den musikalske optræden.
13:43
And at some point, we are in Atlanta,
so obviously some rapper
so obviously some rapper
313
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3220
Fordi vi er i Atlanta, kommer der selvfølgelig en rapper
13:46
will come into our lab at some point.
314
814530
1869
ind på vores laboratorium på et tidspunkt.
13:48
And we had this rapper come in
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2240
Og vi fik en rapper til at komme ind
13:50
and do a little jam with the robot.
316
818639
2573
og lave en lille jam med robotten.
13:53
And here you can see the robot
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821212
2702
Og her kan i se robotten
13:56
basically responding to the beat and --
318
823914
1229
der responderer på beatet, og
13:57
notice two things. One, how irresistible it is
319
825143
2854
læg mærke til to ting. Ét, hvor uimodståeligt det er
14:00
to join the robot while it's moving its head.
320
827997
2513
at følge robotten mens den bevæger hovedet.
14:02
and you kind of want to move
your own head when it does it.
your own head when it does it.
321
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2361
Du har nærmest lyst til at bevæge dit eget hoved mens den gør det.
14:04
And second, even though the rapper
is really focused on his iPhone,
is really focused on his iPhone,
322
832412
3795
Og for det andet, selvom rapperen er meget fokuseret på sin iPhone,
14:08
as soon as the robot turns to him, he turns back.
323
836207
2914
så snart robotten vender sig mod ham, så vender han mod den.
14:11
So even though it's just in
the periphery of his vision --
the periphery of his vision --
324
839121
2079
Så selvom den kun er i periferien af hans synsfelt,
14:13
it's just in the corner of his eye --
it's very powerful.
it's very powerful.
325
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2570
den er kun i hans øjenkrog -- så er det meget stærkt.
14:15
And the reason is that we can't ignore
326
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2051
Og årsagen er, at vi ikke kan ignorere
14:18
physical things moving in our environment.
327
845821
1701
fysiske ting der bevæger sig i vores omgivelser.
14:19
We are wired for that.
328
847522
1764
Det er vi programmerede til.
14:21
So, if you have a problem with maybe your partners
329
849286
3332
Så hvis du har et problem med at din partner
14:24
looking at the iPhone too much
or their smartphone too much,
or their smartphone too much,
330
852618
2871
ser for meget på sin smartphone,
14:27
you might want to have a robot there
331
855489
1593
så skal du måske have en robot
14:29
to get their attention. (Laughter)
332
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1554
til at fange opmærksomheden. (Folk griner)
14:30
(Music)
333
858636
19575
(Musik)
14:50
(Applause)
334
878211
6661
(Applaus)
14:57
Just to introduce the last robot
335
884872
2510
Jeg introducerer den sidste robot
14:59
that we've worked on,
336
887382
2144
som vi har arbejdet på,
15:01
that came out of something kind
of surprising that we found:
of surprising that we found:
337
889526
2073
som udsprang af noget overraskende, som vi opdagede:
15:03
At some point people didn't care anymore
about the robot being so intelligent,
about the robot being so intelligent,
338
891599
3035
På et tidspunkt blev folk ligeglade med at robotten var så intelligent
15:06
and can improvise and listen,
339
894634
1708
og kunne improvisere og lytte,
15:08
and do all these embodied intelligence
things that I spent years on developing.
things that I spent years on developing.
340
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4408
og gøre alle disse kropsliggjorte intelligente ting, som jeg har brugt årevis på at udvikle.
15:12
They really liked that the robot was
enjoying the music. (Laughter)
enjoying the music. (Laughter)
341
900750
3513
De kunne bare godt lide at robotten nød musikken. (Folk griner)
15:16
And they didn't say that the
robot was moving to the music,
robot was moving to the music,
342
904263
2405
Og de sagde ikke at robotten bevægede sig til musikken,
15:18
they said that the robot was enjoying the music.
343
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1672
de sagde at robotten nød musikken.
15:20
And we thought, why don't we take this idea,
344
908340
2404
Og vi tænkte, hvorfor tager vi ikke denne ide,
15:22
and I designed a new piece of furniture.
345
910744
2885
og så designede jeg et nyt møbel.
15:25
This time it wasn't a desk
lamp; it was a speaker dock.
lamp; it was a speaker dock.
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Denne gang var det ikke en skrivebordslampe, det var en højtaler dock.
15:27
It was one of those things you
plug your smartphone in.
plug your smartphone in.
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De der, som du sætter din smartphone i.
15:31
And I thought, what would happen
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Jeg overvejede hvad der ville ske,
15:32
if your speaker dock didn't
just play the music for you,
just play the music for you,
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hvis din højtaler ikke bare spillede musikken for dig,
15:35
but it would actually enjoy it too. (Laughter)
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men faktisk nød det samtidig. (Folk griner)
15:37
And so again, here are some animation tests
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Så her er igen nogle animationstests
15:39
from an early stage. (Laughter)
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fra tidlige stadier. (Folk griner)
15:44
And this is what the final product looked like.
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Og her ser vi det færdige produkt.
15:59
("Drop It Like It's Hot")
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("Drop It Like It's Hot")
16:21
So, a lot of bobbing head.
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Op og ned med hovedet.
16:24
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
16:27
A lot of bobbing heads in the audience,
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Og en masse hoveder op og ned i takt til musikken blandt publikum
16:29
so we can still see robots influence people.
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så vi kan stafig se at robotterne influerer folk.
16:32
And it's not just fun and games.
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Og det er ikke kun sjov og narrestreger.
16:35
I think one of the reasons I care so much
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Jeg tror en af årsagerne til at jeg går så meget op i
16:37
about robots that use their body to communicate
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robotter, som kommunikerer med kroppen,
16:39
and use their body to move --
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og bevæger kroppen --
16:41
and I'm going to let you in on a little
secret we roboticists are hiding --
secret we roboticists are hiding --
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og nu fortæller jeg en robottekniker-hemmelighed --
16:44
is that every one of you is
going to be living with a robot
going to be living with a robot
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det er at hver eneste af jer vil komme til at leve med en robot
16:47
at some point in their life.
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på et tidspunkt i jeres liv.
16:49
Somewhere in your future there's
going to be a robot in your life.
going to be a robot in your life.
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Et sted i jeres fremtid kommer der til at være en robot i jeres liv.
16:51
And if not in yours, then in your children's lives.
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Og hvis ikke i jeres, så i jeres børns liv.
16:53
And I want these robots to be --
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Og jeg vil gerne have disse robotter til at være --
16:55
to be more fluent, more engaging, more graceful
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til at være mere flydende, mere indtagende, mere elegante,
16:59
than currently they seem to be.
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end de er på nuværende tidspunkt.
17:00
And for that I think that maybe robots
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Og derfor tror jeg måske robotter
17:02
need to be less like chess players
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skal være mindre som skakspillere
17:04
and more like stage actors and more like musicians.
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og mere som sceneskuespillere og musikere.
17:06
Maybe they should be able to
take chances and improvise.
take chances and improvise.
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Måske skal de være i stand til at tage chancer og improvisere.
17:09
And maybe they should be able to
anticipate what you're about to do.
anticipate what you're about to do.
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Og måske skal de være i stand til at forvente hvad du skal til at gøre.
17:12
And maybe they need to be able to make mistakes
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Og de skal måske kunne lave fejl
17:14
and correct them,
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og rette fejlene,
17:16
because in the end we are human.
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fordi vi er menneskelige.
17:18
And maybe as humans, robots
that are a little less than perfect
that are a little less than perfect
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Og måske, ligesom med mennesker, så er robotter som er lidt uperfekte
17:21
are just perfect for us.
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helt perfekte for os.
17:23
Thank you.
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Tak skal I have.
17:24
(Applause)
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(applaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Guy Hoffman - RoboticistCan robots and humans interact the way that human beings interact with each other? Guy Hoffman researches embodied cognition and intelligence in robots.
Why you should listen
As co-director of the IDC Media Invention Lab, Guy Hoffman researches robots with soul. He explores the humanity of robots -- how they think, feel, act, and move, as they interact with humans. He and his team staged the world’s first human-robot theater piece, as well as the first human-robot jazz duet, improv and all.
Hoffman’s work has been named one of TIME Magazine’s Best Inventions of the Year, and in 2010 and 2012, he was listed as one of Israel’s most promising researchers under 40.
Guy Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com