TED2015
Noy Thrupkaew: Human trafficking is all around you. This is how it works
Noy Thrupkaew: Menneskehandel findes overalt. Sådan fungerer det.
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Bag dagens gode tilbud - billig manicure, ubegrænset rejebuffet - findes en skjult verden af tvangsarbejde der holder priserne i bund. Noy Thrupkaew undersøger menneskehandel, som florerer i USA, Europa og udviklingslande, og hun viser os de menneskelige ansigter bag den udnyttede arbejdskraft der føder globale forbrugere.
Noy Thrupkaew - Global journalist
Noy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights. Full bio
Noy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
About 10 years ago, I went through
a little bit of a hard time.
a little bit of a hard time.
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For ti år siden
havde jeg svær periode.
havde jeg svær periode.
00:16
So I decided to go see a therapist.
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Så jeg besluttede mig for
at opsøge en terapeut.
at opsøge en terapeut.
00:18
I had been seeing her for a few months,
when she looked at me one day and said,
when she looked at me one day and said,
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Jeg gik hos hende et par måneder,
da hun en dag så på mig og sagde:
da hun en dag så på mig og sagde:
00:22
"Who actually raised you
until you were three?"
until you were three?"
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"Hvem tog sig af dig, indtil du var 3?"
00:26
Seemed like a weird question.
I said, "My parents."
I said, "My parents."
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Det var et sært spørgsmål.
Jeg sagde: "Mine forældre."
Jeg sagde: "Mine forældre."
00:29
And she said, "I don't think
that's actually the case;
that's actually the case;
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Og hun sagde:
"Det tror jeg ikke -
"Det tror jeg ikke -
00:33
because if it were,
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- hvis det var sandt -
00:34
we'd be dealing with things that are
far more complicated than just this."
far more complicated than just this."
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- ville vi have at gøre med noget,
der er meget mere kompliceret."
der er meget mere kompliceret."
00:38
It sounded like the setup to a joke,
but I knew she was serious.
but I knew she was serious.
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Det lød som en joke,
men jeg vidste, hun var seriøs.
men jeg vidste, hun var seriøs.
00:42
Because when I first started seeing her,
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For da jeg først begyndte
at gå hos hende -
at gå hos hende -
00:45
I was trying to be
the funniest person in the room.
the funniest person in the room.
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- forsøgte jeg at være
hende den sjove.
hende den sjove.
00:47
And I would try and crack these jokes,
but she caught on to me really quickly,
but she caught on to me really quickly,
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Og jeg lavede grin med alt,
men hun gennemskue mig.
men hun gennemskue mig.
00:52
and whenever I tried to make a joke,
she would look at me and say,
she would look at me and say,
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Og når jeg kom med en vits,
så hun på mig og sagde:
så hun på mig og sagde:
00:55
"That is actually really sad."
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"Det er faktisk rigtig sørgeligt."
00:58
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
01:00
It's terrible.
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Det er forfærdeligt.
01:02
So I knew I had to be serious,
and I asked my parents
and I asked my parents
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Så jeg tog det seriøst,
og jeg spurgte mine forældre, -
og jeg spurgte mine forældre, -
01:06
who had actually raised me
until I was three?
until I was three?
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- hvem der havde taget sig af mig,
indtil jeg var 3 år.
indtil jeg var 3 år.
01:08
And to my surprise, they said
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Og til min overraskelse sagde de, -
01:11
my primary caregiver had been
a distant relative of the family.
a distant relative of the family.
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- at det primært var
et fjernt medlem af familien.
et fjernt medlem af familien.
01:15
I had called her my auntie.
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Jeg havde kaldt hende min tante.
01:18
I remember my auntie so clearly,
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Jeg husker min tante meget tydeligt.
01:20
it felt like she had been part of my life
when I was much older.
when I was much older.
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Det føltes, som var hun en del af mit liv,
da jeg var meget ældre.
da jeg var meget ældre.
01:24
I remember the thick, straight hair,
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Jeg husker det tykke, glatte hår.
01:26
and how it would come around
me like a curtain
me like a curtain
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Og hvordan det faldt over mig
som et gardin, -
som et gardin, -
01:28
when she bent to pick me up;
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- når hun ville løfte mig.
01:30
her soft, southern Thai accent;
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Jeg husker hendes blide Thai-accent.
01:32
the way I would cling to her,
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Måden, jeg ville holde fast i hende, -
01:34
even if she just wanted to go
to the bathroom
to the bathroom
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- selv når hun bare ville på toilet, -
01:36
or get something to eat.
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- eller spise noget.
01:38
I loved her, but [with] the ferocity
that a child has sometimes
that a child has sometimes
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Jeg elskede hende med sådan en vildskab,
et barn nogen gange kan have, -
et barn nogen gange kan have, -
01:42
before she understands that love
also requires letting go.
also requires letting go.
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- før hun forstår, at kærlighed
også betyder at kunne give slip.
også betyder at kunne give slip.
01:48
But my clearest and sharpest
memory of my auntie,
memory of my auntie,
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Men mit stærkeste minde om min tante, -
01:52
is also one of my first
memories of life at all.
memories of life at all.
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- er også en af de første minder,
jeg har i livet.
jeg har i livet.
01:56
I remember her being beaten and slapped
by another member of my family.
by another member of my family.
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Jeg husker, hun blev slået
af et andet medlem af min familie.
af et andet medlem af min familie.
02:01
I remember screaming hysterically
and wanting it to stop,
and wanting it to stop,
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Jeg husker at skrige hysterisk,
fordi jeg ville stoppe det, -
fordi jeg ville stoppe det, -
02:04
as I did every single time it happened,
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- som jeg gjorde, hver gang, det skete -
02:07
for things as minor as wanting
to go out with her friends,
to go out with her friends,
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- for mindre ting,
som når hun ville ud med vennerne -
som når hun ville ud med vennerne -
02:10
or being a little late.
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- eller når hun kom for sent.
02:12
I became so hysterical over her treatment,
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Jeg blev så hysterisk over dette, -
02:15
that eventually, she was just
beaten behind closed doors.
beaten behind closed doors.
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- at hun med tiden bare begyndte
at blive banket bag lukkede døre.
at blive banket bag lukkede døre.
02:21
Things got so bad for her
that eventually she ran away.
that eventually she ran away.
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Tingene blev så slemt for hende,
at hun endte med at stikke af.
at hun endte med at stikke af.
02:25
As an adult, I learned later
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Som voksen fandt jeg ud af -
02:27
that she had been just 19
when she was brought over from Thailand
when she was brought over from Thailand
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- at hun kun var 19,
da hun blev hentet over fra Thailand -
da hun blev hentet over fra Thailand -
02:31
to the States to care for me,
on a tourist visa.
on a tourist visa.
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- til USA for at tage sig af mig
på et turist visum.
på et turist visum.
02:35
She wound up working
in Illinois for a time,
in Illinois for a time,
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Hun arbejdede længe i Illinois, -
02:37
before eventually returning to Thailand,
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- før hun til sidst
rejste tilbage til Thailand, -
rejste tilbage til Thailand, -
02:40
which is where I ran into her again,
at a political rally in Bangkok.
at a political rally in Bangkok.
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- hvor jeg igen løb ind i hende,
under en politisk forsamling i Bangkok.
under en politisk forsamling i Bangkok.
02:45
I clung to her again, as I had
when I was a child,
when I was a child,
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Jeg klamrede mig til hende igen,
som da jeg var barn, -
som da jeg var barn, -
02:48
and I let go, and then
I promised that I would call.
I promised that I would call.
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- og jeg gav slip og lovede at ringe.
02:53
I never did, though.
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Men det gjorde jeg aldrig.
02:55
Because I was afraid if I said
everything that she meant to me --
everything that she meant to me --
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Jeg var bange for at fortælle hende,
alt det, hun betød for mig -
alt det, hun betød for mig -
03:00
that I owed perhaps the best parts
of who I became to her care,
of who I became to her care,
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- at jeg havde hende at takke
for den person, jeg er i dag.
for den person, jeg er i dag.
03:05
and that the words "I'm sorry"
were like a thimble
were like a thimble
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Og ordene "undskyld" virkede
som en bagatel, -
som en bagatel, -
03:08
to bail out all the guilt
and shame and rage I felt
and shame and rage I felt
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- i forhold til al den skyld,
vrede og skam jeg følte -
vrede og skam jeg følte -
03:12
over everything she had endured
to care for me for as long as she had --
to care for me for as long as she had --
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- over alt det, hun var gået igennem
for at have taget sig af mig så længe.
for at have taget sig af mig så længe.
03:18
I thought if I said those words to her,
I would never stop crying again.
I would never stop crying again.
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Jeg tænkte, at fortalte jeg hende alt det,
ville jeg aldrig holde op med at græde.
ville jeg aldrig holde op med at græde.
03:24
Because she had saved me.
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For hun reddede mig.
03:26
And I had not saved her.
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Og jeg havde ikke reddet hende.
03:32
I'm a journalist, and I've been writing
and researching human trafficking
and researching human trafficking
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Jeg er journalist og har skrevet om
og forsket i menneskehandel, -
og forsket i menneskehandel, -
03:36
for the past eight years or so,
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- over de sidste otte år,
eller deromkring.
eller deromkring.
03:38
and even so, I never put together
this personal story
this personal story
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Men jeg har aldrig blandet
denne personlige historie sammen -
denne personlige historie sammen -
03:42
with my professional life
until pretty recently.
until pretty recently.
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- med mit professionelle liv,
indtil for nyligt.
indtil for nyligt.
03:46
I think this profound disconnect
actually symbolizes
actually symbolizes
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Jeg tror faktisk
denne adskillelse symboliserer -
denne adskillelse symboliserer -
03:49
most of our understanding
about human trafficking.
about human trafficking.
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- det meste af vores forståelse
for menneskehandel.
for menneskehandel.
03:52
Because human trafficking is far more
prevalent, complex and close to home
prevalent, complex and close to home
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For menneskehandel er langt mere
udbredt, kompleks og tættere på, -
udbredt, kompleks og tættere på, -
03:58
than most of us realize.
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- end de fleste af os ved.
04:01
I spent time in jails and brothels,
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Jeg har været i fængsler og bordeller, -
04:03
interviewed hundreds of survivors
and law enforcement, NGO workers.
and law enforcement, NGO workers.
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- og har interviewet hundredevis af
ofre, politifolk og NGO-folk.
ofre, politifolk og NGO-folk.
04:07
And when I think about what we've done
about human trafficking,
about human trafficking,
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Og når jeg tænker på, hvad vi har gjort
ved menneskehandel, -
ved menneskehandel, -
04:10
I am hugely disappointed.
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- er jeg enormt skuffet.
04:13
Partly because we don't even talk
about the problem right at all.
about the problem right at all.
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Delvis fordi, vi end ikke taler
om problemet på korrekt vis.
om problemet på korrekt vis.
04:18
When I say "human trafficking,"
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Når jeg siger "menneskehandel", -
04:20
most of you probably don't think
about someone like my auntie.
about someone like my auntie.
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- tænker de fleste af os nok ikke
på sådan nogen som min tante.
på sådan nogen som min tante.
04:23
You probably think
about a young girl or woman,
about a young girl or woman,
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Du forestiller dig nok
en ung pige eller kvinde, -
en ung pige eller kvinde, -
04:26
who's been brutally forced
into prostitution by a violent pimp.
into prostitution by a violent pimp.
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- der er blevet brutalt tvunget
ind i prostitution af en voldelig alfons.
ind i prostitution af en voldelig alfons.
04:31
That is real suffering,
and that is a real story.
and that is a real story.
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Det er sande lidelser,
og en sand historie.
og en sand historie.
04:35
That story makes me angry
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Det gør mig dog vred, -
04:36
for far more than just the reality
of that situation, though.
of that situation, though.
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- af mange flere årsager,
end bare situationen.
end bare situationen.
04:41
As a journalist, I really care about how
we relate to each other through language,
we relate to each other through language,
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Som journalist går jeg op i, hvordan
vi relaterer til hinanden gennem sprog.
vi relaterer til hinanden gennem sprog.
04:46
and the way we tell that story,
with all the gory, violent detail,
with all the gory, violent detail,
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Den måde vi fortæller en historie på,
med alle de blodige, voldelige detaljer.
med alle de blodige, voldelige detaljer.
04:50
the salacious aspects -- I call that
"look at her scars" journalism.
"look at her scars" journalism.
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De slibrige detaljer. Det, jeg kalder:
"Se hendes ar"-journalistik.
"Se hendes ar"-journalistik.
04:55
We use that story to convince ourselves
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Vi bruger den historie til
at fortælle os selv -
at fortælle os selv -
04:58
that human trafficking is a bad man
doing a bad thing to an innocent girl.
doing a bad thing to an innocent girl.
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- at menneskehandel er en slem mand,
der gør slemme ting mod en uskyldig pige.
der gør slemme ting mod en uskyldig pige.
05:03
That story lets us off the hook.
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Den historie lader os slippe for let -
05:05
It takes away all the societal context
that we might be indicted for,
that we might be indicted for,
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- og fjerner den samfundsmæssige kontekst,
vi måske kan anklage, -
vi måske kan anklage, -
05:09
for the structural inequality,
or the poverty,
or the poverty,
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- for strukturelle uligheder,
eller fattigdom, -
eller fattigdom, -
05:11
or the barriers to migration.
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- eller barriererne for migration.
05:13
We let ourselves think
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Vi lader os selv tro, -
05:14
that human trafficking is only
about forced prostitution,
about forced prostitution,
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- at menneskehandel kun handler
om tvungen prostitution.
om tvungen prostitution.
05:18
when in reality,
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Men virkeligheden er, -
05:20
human trafficking is embedded
in our everyday lives.
in our everyday lives.
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- at menneskehandel er en del
af vores hverdagsliv.
af vores hverdagsliv.
05:24
Let me show you what I mean.
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Det her er,
hvad jeg mener:
hvad jeg mener:
05:26
Forced prostitution accounts for
22 percent of human trafficking.
22 percent of human trafficking.
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Tvunget prostitution udgør
22 % af al menneskehandel.
22 % af al menneskehandel.
05:31
Ten percent is in state-
imposed forced labor.
imposed forced labor.
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10 % er statspålagt tvangsarbejde.
05:35
but a whopping 68 percent
is for the purpose of creating the goods
is for the purpose of creating the goods
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Men hele 68% er til
at producere de varer -
at producere de varer -
05:40
and delivering the services
that most of us rely on every day,
that most of us rely on every day,
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- og sørge for de services,
de fleste af os er afhængige af -
de fleste af os er afhængige af -
05:44
in sectors like agricultural work,
domestic work and construction.
domestic work and construction.
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- på områder som landbrug,
plejearbejde og byggeri.
plejearbejde og byggeri.
05:49
That is food and care and shelter.
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Altså mad, pleje og husly.
05:53
And somehow, these most essential workers
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Og disse meget vigtige arbejdere -
05:55
are also among the world's most underpaid
and exploited today.
and exploited today.
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- er også blandt verdens mest
underbetale og udnyttede.
underbetale og udnyttede.
06:01
Human trafficking is the use
of force, fraud or coercion
of force, fraud or coercion
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Menneskehandel er brug
af magt, bedrageri eller tvang -
af magt, bedrageri eller tvang -
06:05
to compel another person's labor.
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- til at pålægge et menneske arbejde.
06:08
And it's found in cotton fields,
and coltan mines,
and coltan mines,
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Og det findes i
bomuldsmarker, coltanminer, -
bomuldsmarker, coltanminer, -
06:11
and even car washes in Norway and England.
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- og selv på bilvaske i Norge og England.
06:14
It's found in U.S. military
bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.
bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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Det findes på USAs militærbaser
i Irak og Afghanistan.
i Irak og Afghanistan.
06:18
It's found in Thailand's fishing industry.
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Det findes i Thailands fiskeindustri.
06:20
That country has become the largest
exporter of shrimp in the world.
exporter of shrimp in the world.
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Det land er blevet den største eksportør
af rejer i hele verden.
af rejer i hele verden.
06:25
But what are the circumstances
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Men hvad er mon forholdene -
06:27
behind all that cheap
and plentiful shrimp?
and plentiful shrimp?
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- bag alle disse billige rejer?
06:31
Thai military were caught selling
Burmese and Cambodian migrants
Burmese and Cambodian migrants
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Militæret i Thailand blevet taget i
at sælge arbejdere fra Burma og Cambodja -
at sælge arbejdere fra Burma og Cambodja -
06:35
onto fishing boats.
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til fiskerkuttere.
06:37
Those fishing boats were taken out,
the men put to work,
the men put to work,
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Skibene sejlede ud,
mændene blev sat til at arbejde -
mændene blev sat til at arbejde -
06:41
and they were thrown overboard
if they made the mistake of falling sick,
if they made the mistake of falling sick,
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- og de blev smidt ombord,
hvis de begik den fejl at blive syge -
hvis de begik den fejl at blive syge -
06:44
or trying to resist their treatment.
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- eller hvis de protesterede.
06:47
Those fish were then used to feed shrimp,
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De fisk blev brugt som rejefoder.
06:49
The shrimp were then sold
to four major global retailers:
to four major global retailers:
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Rejerne blev så solgt
til fire store globale detailhandlere: -
til fire store globale detailhandlere: -
06:54
Costco, Tesco, Walmart and Carrefour.
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Costco, Tesco, Walmart og Carrefour.
07:01
Human trafficking is found
on a smaller scale than just that,
on a smaller scale than just that,
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Menneskehandel findes også
i et mindre omfang.
i et mindre omfang.
07:04
and in places you would
never even imagine.
never even imagine.
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Og på steder,
du ikke ville regne med.
du ikke ville regne med.
07:07
Traffickers have forced young people
to drive ice cream trucks,
to drive ice cream trucks,
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Menneskehandlere har tvunget unge
til at køre isbiler, -
til at køre isbiler, -
07:10
or to sing in touring boys' choirs.
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- eller til at synge i drengekor.
07:12
Trafficking has even been found
in a hair braiding salon in New Jersey.
in a hair braiding salon in New Jersey.
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Menneskehandel blev endda afsløret
hos en frisør i New Jersey.
hos en frisør i New Jersey.
07:16
The scheme in that case was incredible.
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I det tilfælde var planlægningen utrolig.
07:19
The traffickers found young families
who were from Ghana and Togo,
who were from Ghana and Togo,
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Menneskehandlerne fandt unge familier
fra Ghana og Togo, -
fra Ghana og Togo, -
07:25
and they told these families that
"your daughters are going to get
"your daughters are going to get
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- og de fortalte dem, at:
"jeres datter vil få -
"jeres datter vil få -
07:29
a fine education in the United States."
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- en fin uddannelse i USA."
07:31
They then located winners
of the green card lottery,
of the green card lottery,
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De opsporede så vindere af
green-card lotteriet, -
green-card lotteriet, -
07:34
and they told them, "We'll help you out.
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- og de sagde til dem:
"Vi vil hjælpe dig.
"Vi vil hjælpe dig.
07:37
We'll get you a plane ticket.
We'll pay your fees.
We'll pay your fees.
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Vi køber en flybillet til dig.
Vi betaler dine udgifter.
Vi betaler dine udgifter.
07:40
All you have to do is take
this young girl with you,
this young girl with you,
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Du skal blot
tage denne unge pige med dig -
tage denne unge pige med dig -
07:43
say that she's your sister or your spouse.
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- og sige, hun er din søster eller kone."
07:46
Once everyone arrived in New Jersey,
the young girls were taken away,
the young girls were taken away,
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Når alle så ankom til New Jersey,
blev de unger piger taget med, -
blev de unger piger taget med, -
07:50
and put to work for 14-hour days,
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- og sat til at arbejde
14 timer om dagen -
14 timer om dagen -
07:52
seven days a week, for five years.
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- syv dage om ugen, i fem år.
07:56
They made their traffickers
nearly four million dollars.
nearly four million dollars.
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De tjente næsten 4 millioner dollars
til deres menneskehandlere.
til deres menneskehandlere.
08:02
This is a huge problem.
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Dette er et kæmpe problem.
08:04
So what have we done about it?
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Og hvad har vi gjort ved det?
08:07
We've mostly turned
to the criminal justice system.
to the criminal justice system.
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Vi har mest gjort brug af retssystemet.
08:10
But keep in mind, most victims of human
trafficking are poor and marginalized.
trafficking are poor and marginalized.
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Men husk, de fleste ofre
er fattige og marginaliserede.
er fattige og marginaliserede.
08:14
They're migrants, people of color.
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2006
De er immigranter med en anden hudfarve.
08:16
Sometimes they're in the sex trade.
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Nogle gange sælger de sex.
08:18
And for populations like these,
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Og for denne del af befolkningen, -
08:20
the criminal justice system is
too often part of the problem,
too often part of the problem,
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- er retssystemet nærmere
en del af problemet, -
en del af problemet, -
08:23
rather than the solution.
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- end af løsningen.
08:26
In study after study, in countries ranging
from Bangladesh to the United States,
from Bangladesh to the United States,
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I undersøgelser fra Bangladesh til USA, -
08:31
between 20 and 60 percent of the people
in the sex trade who were surveyed
in the sex trade who were surveyed
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- kom det frem at 20 til 60 %
af de udspurgte sexarbejdere -
af de udspurgte sexarbejdere -
08:35
said that they had been raped or assaulted
by the police in the past year alone.
by the police in the past year alone.
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- har været udsat for voldtægt eller vold
af politiet bare inden for det sidste år.
af politiet bare inden for det sidste år.
08:42
People in prostitution, including people
who have been trafficked into it,
who have been trafficked into it,
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3667
Prostituerede, inklusiv ofre
for menneskehandel, -
for menneskehandel, -
08:45
regularly receive multiple
convictions for prostitution.
convictions for prostitution.
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- får ofte flere prostitutionsdomme.
08:49
Having that criminal record makes it
so much more difficult
so much more difficult
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En straffeattest gør det
meget vanskeligt -
meget vanskeligt -
08:52
to leave poverty, leave abuse,
or leave prostitution,
or leave prostitution,
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- at komme ud af fattigdom,
og forlade mishandling og prostitution, -
og forlade mishandling og prostitution, -
08:56
if that person so desires.
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- selv hvis personen ønsker det.
09:00
Workers outside of the sex sector --
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Arbejdere uden for sexbranchen...
09:02
if they try and resist their treatment,
they risk deportation.
they risk deportation.
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Hvis de prøver at gøre modstand,
risikerer de udvisning.
risikerer de udvisning.
09:07
In case after case I've studied,
employers have no problem
employers have no problem
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I mange sager, jeg har set,
har arbejdsgivere ikke problemer med, -
har arbejdsgivere ikke problemer med, -
09:10
calling on law enforcement
to try and threaten or deport
to try and threaten or deport
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- at bruge politiet
som trussel mod udvisning -
som trussel mod udvisning -
09:13
their striking trafficked workers.
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- hvis deres handlede arbejdere strejker.
09:16
If those workers run away,
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1754
Hvis arbejdere stikker af, -
09:18
they risk becoming part of the great mass
of undocumented workers
of undocumented workers
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4712
- risikerer de at blive en del af
en stor mængde papirløse arbejdere, -
en stor mængde papirløse arbejdere, -
09:23
who are also subject to the whims
of law enforcement if they're caught.
of law enforcement if they're caught.
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- som underlægges politiet og systemets
manier, hvis de fanges.
manier, hvis de fanges.
09:29
Law enforcement is supposed to identify
victims and prosecute traffickers.
victims and prosecute traffickers.
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5190
Systemet skal identificere ofre
og retsforfølge menneskehandlerne.
og retsforfølge menneskehandlerne.
09:36
But out of an estimated 21 million victims
of human trafficking in the world,
of human trafficking in the world,
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4686
Men ud af omtrent 21 millioner ofre
for menneskehandel i hele verden, -
for menneskehandel i hele verden, -
09:40
they have helped and identified
fewer than 50,000 people.
fewer than 50,000 people.
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4416
- er mindre end 50,000 mennesker
blevet hjulpet og identificeret.
blevet hjulpet og identificeret.
09:45
That's like comparing
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573742
1619
Det er som at sammenligne -
09:47
the population of the world
to the population of Los Angeles,
to the population of Los Angeles,
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- verdensbefolkningen
med befolkningen i LA.
med befolkningen i LA.
09:51
proportionally speaking.
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1301
Proportionalt set.
09:53
As for convictions, out of an estimated
5,700 convictions in 2013,
5,700 convictions in 2013,
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6422
Med hensyn til retsforfølgelser:
Ud af de ca. 5700 domme i 2013 -
Ud af de ca. 5700 domme i 2013 -
10:00
fewer than 500 were for labor trafficking.
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2835
- var under 500 for handel
og udnyttelse af arbejdskraft.
og udnyttelse af arbejdskraft.
10:03
Keep in mind that labor trafficking
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1692
Udnyttelse af arbejdskraft -
10:05
accounts for 68 percent
of all trafficking,
of all trafficking,
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3166
- udgør 68 % af al menneskehandel, -
10:08
but fewer than 10 percent
of the convictions.
of the convictions.
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3063
- men færre end 10 %
af alle domfældelser.
af alle domfældelser.
10:14
I've heard one expert say that trafficking
happens where need meets greed.
happens where need meets greed.
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En ekspert sagde, at menneskehandel sker,
hvor behov møder grådighed.
hvor behov møder grådighed.
10:19
I'd like to add one more element to that.
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Dette vil jeg gerne tilføje noget til.
10:22
Trafficking happens in sectors where
workers are excluded from protections,
workers are excluded from protections,
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Menneskehandel finder sted i brancher,
hvor arbejdere er uden beskyttelse, -
hvor arbejdere er uden beskyttelse, -
10:26
and denied the right to organize.
175
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2288
- og hvor de ikke har ret
til at organisere sig.
til at organisere sig.
10:29
Trafficking doesn't happen in a vacuum.
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2161
Menneskehandel finder ikke sted
i et tomrum.
i et tomrum.
10:32
It happens in systematically
degraded work environments.
degraded work environments.
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Det finder sted
i systematisk forringede arbejdsmiljøer.
i systematisk forringede arbejdsmiljøer.
10:37
You might be thinking,
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1151
Du tænker måske, -
10:38
oh, she's talking about failed states,
or war-torn states, or --
or war-torn states, or --
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3101
- at hun taler om mislykkede lande,
krigsplagede lande, eller...
krigsplagede lande, eller...
10:41
I'm actually talking
about the United States.
about the United States.
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2103
Faktisk taler jeg om USA.
10:44
Let me tell you what that looks like.
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Lad mig give jer et eksempel:
10:47
I spent many months researching
a trafficking case called Global Horizons,
a trafficking case called Global Horizons,
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I månedsvis undersøgte jeg en sag
om menneskehandel. Global Horizons.
om menneskehandel. Global Horizons.
10:50
involving hundreds of Thai farm workers.
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2326
Hundredevis af thailændere
var indblandet.
var indblandet.
10:53
They were sent all over the States,
to work in Hawaii pineapple plantations,
to work in Hawaii pineapple plantations,
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3592
De blev placeret over hele USA
for at arbejde på ananas- -
for at arbejde på ananas- -
10:56
and Washington apple orchards,
and anywhere the work was needed.
and anywhere the work was needed.
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3101
- eller æbleplantager, og hvor som helst,
arbejdskraften manglede.
arbejdskraften manglede.
11:00
They were promised three years
of solid agricultural work.
of solid agricultural work.
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648555
4324
De blev lovet tre år med
fast landbrugsarbejde.
fast landbrugsarbejde.
11:04
So they made a calculated risk.
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1920
Så de tog en chance.
11:06
They sold their land, they sold
their wives' jewelry,
their wives' jewelry,
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654847
3082
De solgte land, deres kones smykker, -
11:09
to make thousands in recruitment fees
for this company, Global Horizons.
for this company, Global Horizons.
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657953
4146
- så de kunne tjene nok til at betale
ansættelsesgebyret hos Global Horizons
ansættelsesgebyret hos Global Horizons
11:14
But once they were brought over,
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662776
1828
Men så snart de var ankommet, -
11:16
their passports were confiscated.
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2025
- blev deres pas konfiskeret.
11:18
Some of the men were beaten
and held at gunpoint.
and held at gunpoint.
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666677
2621
Nogle af mændene blev tæsket
og truet med pistoler.
og truet med pistoler.
11:21
They worked so hard
they fainted in the fields.
they fainted in the fields.
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669791
2622
De arbejdede så hårdt,
at de besvimede i markerne.
at de besvimede i markerne.
11:26
This case hit me so hard.
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2224
Sagen gjorde stor indflydelse på mig.
11:29
After I came back home,
195
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2081
Da jeg vendte tilbage, -
11:31
I was wandering through the grocery store,
and I froze in the produce department.
and I froze in the produce department.
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679677
4025
- var jeg ude for at handle ind,
da jeg stivnede i supermarkedet.
da jeg stivnede i supermarkedet.
11:36
I was remembering the over-the-top meals
the Global Horizons survivors
the Global Horizons survivors
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684688
3396
Jeg kom i tanke om de overdådige måltider,
ofrene fra Global Horizon -
ofrene fra Global Horizon -
11:40
would make for me every time
I showed up to interview them.
I showed up to interview them.
198
688108
2827
- lavede til mig hver gang,
jeg kom for at interviewe dem.
jeg kom for at interviewe dem.
11:44
They finished one meal with this plate
of perfect, long-stemmed strawberries,
of perfect, long-stemmed strawberries,
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692521
4902
De lavede en tallerken med
perfekte, langstilkede jordbær, -
perfekte, langstilkede jordbær, -
11:49
and as they handed them to me, they said,
200
697447
2513
- og da de rakte mig den, sagde de: -
11:51
"Aren't these the kind of strawberries
you eat with somebody special
you eat with somebody special
201
699984
3232
- "Er det ikke den slags jordbær,
du ville spise med en elsket -
du ville spise med en elsket -
11:55
in the States?
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703240
1157
i USA?
11:57
And don't they taste so much better
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705091
1810
Og smager de ikke bare
så meget bedre -
så meget bedre -
11:58
when you know the people
whose hands picked them for you?"
whose hands picked them for you?"
204
706925
3588
- når du kender de mennesker,
der har plukket dem til dig?"
der har plukket dem til dig?"
12:06
As I stood in that grocery store weeks
later, I realized I had no idea
later, I realized I had no idea
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4231
Som jeg stod i supermarkedet uger senere,
gik det op for mig, at jeg ikke anede, -
gik det op for mig, at jeg ikke anede, -
12:10
of who to thank for this plenty,
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2176
- hvem jeg skulle takke for alt dette, -
12:12
and no idea of how
they were being treated.
they were being treated.
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2000
- eller hvordan de blev behandlet.
12:15
So, like the journalist I am, I started
digging into the agricultural sector.
digging into the agricultural sector.
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4489
Som journalist begyndte jeg
at grave i landbrugsindustrien.
at grave i landbrugsindustrien.
12:20
And I found there are too many fields,
and too few labor inspectors.
and too few labor inspectors.
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728423
4315
Og jeg fandt alt for mange marker,
og for få arbejdsinspektører.
og for få arbejdsinspektører.
12:25
I found multiple layers
of plausible deniability
of plausible deniability
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733119
2850
Jeg fandt lag efter lag
af plausibel benægtelse -
af plausibel benægtelse -
12:27
between grower and distributor
and processor, and God knows who else.
and processor, and God knows who else.
211
735993
4060
- mellem landmænd, distributører,
forarbejdningsvirksomheder, og så videre.
forarbejdningsvirksomheder, og så videre.
12:32
The Global Horizons survivors had been
brought to the States
brought to the States
212
740988
2866
Ofrene for Global Horizon
var blevet hentet til USA -
var blevet hentet til USA -
12:35
on a temporary guest worker program.
213
743878
2239
- med midlertidige
gæste-arbejdstilladelser.
gæste-arbejdstilladelser.
12:38
That guest worker program
ties a person's legal status
ties a person's legal status
214
746979
3633
Dette forbinder en persons retsstilling -
12:42
to his or her employer,
215
750636
1642
- til deres arbejdsgiver -
12:44
and denies that worker
the right to organize.
the right to organize.
216
752302
3659
- og arbejderen mister retten
til at organisere sig.
til at organisere sig.
12:48
Mind you, none of what I am describing
about this agricultural sector
about this agricultural sector
217
756717
4252
Husk på, at intet af det,
jeg beskriver om landbrugsindustrien -
jeg beskriver om landbrugsindustrien -
12:52
or the guest worker program
is actually human trafficking.
is actually human trafficking.
218
760993
3522
- eller midlertidige arbejdstilladelser,
teknisk set er menneskehandel.
teknisk set er menneskehandel.
12:57
It is merely what we find
legally tolerable.
legally tolerable.
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765234
3904
Det er blot, hvad der opfattes
som lovligt acceptabelt.
som lovligt acceptabelt.
13:02
And I would argue this is
fertile ground for exploitation.
fertile ground for exploitation.
220
770305
3326
Og jeg vil mene,
dette er en grobund for udnyttelse.
dette er en grobund for udnyttelse.
13:06
And all of this had been hidden to me,
before I had tried to understand it.
before I had tried to understand it.
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774187
4011
Og jeg var blind over for alt dette,
indtil jeg prøvede at forstå det.
indtil jeg prøvede at forstå det.
13:11
I wasn't the only person
grappling with these issues.
grappling with these issues.
222
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2708
Jeg var ikke den eneste,
der kæmpede med disse problemer.
der kæmpede med disse problemer.
13:15
Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay,
223
783045
2164
Pierre Omidyar, stifteren af eBay, -
13:17
is one of the biggest anti-trafficking
philanthropists in the world.
philanthropists in the world.
224
785233
3840
- er en af de største filantroper
imod menneskehandel i verden.
imod menneskehandel i verden.
13:21
And even he wound up accidentally
investing nearly 10 million dollars
investing nearly 10 million dollars
225
789544
5141
Og selv han endte tilfældigt med
at investere næsten 10 millioner dollars -
at investere næsten 10 millioner dollars -
13:26
in the pineapple plantation cited
as having the worst working conditions
as having the worst working conditions
226
794709
3660
- i de ananasplantager, der angiveligt
har de værste arbejdsforhold -
har de værste arbejdsforhold -
13:30
in that Global Horizons case.
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798393
2604
- i dette tilfælde Global Horizons.
13:34
When he found out, he and his wife
were shocked and horrified,
were shocked and horrified,
228
802464
3970
Da vi opdagede det, var han og hans kone
chokerede og rystede, -
chokerede og rystede, -
13:38
and they wound up writing
an op-ed for a newspaper,
an op-ed for a newspaper,
229
806458
2593
- og de endte med at skrive
en leder i en avis -
en leder i en avis -
13:41
saying that it was up to all of us
to learn everything we can
to learn everything we can
230
809075
3899
- der handlede om vores ansvar
for at lære alt, vi kan, -
for at lære alt, vi kan, -
13:44
about the labor and supply chains
of the products that we support.
of the products that we support.
231
812998
3810
- om de virksomheder,
der står bag de produkter, vi støtter.
der står bag de produkter, vi støtter.
13:49
I totally agree.
232
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1692
Jeg er helt enig.
13:53
What would happen
if each one of us decided
if each one of us decided
233
821160
2613
Hvad ville der ske,
hvis vi alle besluttede os for -
hvis vi alle besluttede os for -
13:55
that we are no longer going
to support companies
to support companies
234
823797
2557
- ikke længere at støtte virksomheder -
13:58
if they don't eliminate exploitation
from their labor and supply chains?
from their labor and supply chains?
235
826378
3566
- der ikke eliminerer udnyttelse af
deres arbejdskraft og forsyningskæder?
deres arbejdskraft og forsyningskæder?
14:02
If we demanded laws calling for the same?
236
830326
2701
Hvis vi kræver love på området?
14:05
If all the CEOs out there decided
237
833729
2898
Hvis alle direktører besluttede sig for -
14:08
that they were going to go through
their businesses and say, "no more"?
their businesses and say, "no more"?
238
836651
3502
- at gå igennem deres forretninger
og sige: "ikke mere"?
og sige: "ikke mere"?
14:13
If we ended recruitment fees
for migrant workers?
for migrant workers?
239
841046
2793
Hvis vi stoppede ansættelsesgebyrer
for gæstearbejdere?
for gæstearbejdere?
14:16
If we decided that guest workers
should have the right to organize
should have the right to organize
240
844574
3111
Hvis gæstearbejdere havde ret
til at organisere sig -
til at organisere sig -
14:19
without fear of retaliation?
241
847709
1516
- uden frygt for konsekvenser?
14:21
These would be decisions heard
around the world.
around the world.
242
849968
3642
Disse beslutninger ville
blive hørt i hele verden.
blive hørt i hele verden.
14:26
This isn't a matter of buying
a fair-trade peach
a fair-trade peach
243
854729
2244
Det handler ikke bare om
at købe fair-trade -
at købe fair-trade -
14:29
and calling it a day, buying
a guilt-free zone with your money.
a guilt-free zone with your money.
244
857007
4157
- da ren samvittighed
ikke kan købes for penge.
ikke kan købes for penge.
14:33
That's not how it works.
245
861188
1578
Sådan fungerer det ikke.
14:35
This is the decision to change
a system that is broken,
a system that is broken,
246
863402
4026
Dette er en beslutning
om at forandre et dårligt system, -
om at forandre et dårligt system, -
14:39
and that we have unwittingly but willingly
247
867452
3511
- som vi
uvidende men villigt -
uvidende men villigt -
14:42
allowed ourselves to profit from
and benefit from for too long.
and benefit from for too long.
248
870987
4124
- har ladet os selv tjene på
og nyde godt af alt for længe.
og nyde godt af alt for længe.
14:49
We often dwell on human trafficking
survivors' victimization.
survivors' victimization.
249
877435
3920
Vi dvæler ofte ved behandlingen af
ofrene for menneskehandel.
ofrene for menneskehandel.
14:54
But that is not my experience of them.
250
882303
2363
Men jeg har en anden oplevelse af dem.
14:57
Over all the years that I've
been talking to them,
been talking to them,
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2357
Gennem alle de år, jeg har talt med dem -
15:00
they have taught me that we are
more than our worst days.
more than our worst days.
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888106
3320
- har de lært mig,
at vi er stærkere, end vi tror.
at vi er stærkere, end vi tror.
15:03
Each one of us is more
than what we have lived through.
than what we have lived through.
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891941
3270
Vi kan komme igennem mere, end vi tror.
15:08
Especially trafficking survivors.
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896183
2078
Dette gælder især disse ofre.
15:10
These people were the most resourceful
and resilient and responsible
and resilient and responsible
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898746
3623
De var de mest ressourcestærke
og robuste og ansvarlige -
og robuste og ansvarlige -
15:14
in their communities.
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1159
- i deres samfund.
15:16
They were the people that you
would take a gamble on.
would take a gamble on.
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904022
2654
Det var den slags folk,
man ville satse på.
man ville satse på.
15:19
You'd say, I'm gong to sell my rings,
because I have the chance
because I have the chance
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907084
3182
Du ville sige: Jeg sælger min ring,
så jeg kan få chancen -
så jeg kan få chancen -
15:22
to send you off to a better future.
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910290
2201
- for at sende dig afsted
mod en bedre fremtid.
mod en bedre fremtid.
15:25
They were the emissaries of hope.
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913390
2126
De var håbets budbringere.
15:29
These survivors don't need saving.
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917371
2978
Disse ofre har ikke brug for
at blive frelst.
at blive frelst.
15:32
They need solidarity,
because they're behind
because they're behind
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920731
3044
De har brug for solidaritet,
fordi de står bag -
fordi de står bag -
15:35
some of the most exciting
social justice movements out there today.
social justice movements out there today.
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923799
3747
- en af tidens mest spændende bevægelser
for social retfærdighed.
for social retfærdighed.
15:40
The nannies and housekeepers
who marched with their families
who marched with their families
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928766
2937
Barnepiger og husholdersker
har marcheret med deres familier -
har marcheret med deres familier -
15:43
and their employers' families --
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931727
1900
- og deres arbejdsgiveres familier -
15:45
their activism got us
an international treaty
an international treaty
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933651
2918
- og deres aktivisme skaffede os
en international traktat -
en international traktat -
15:48
on domestic workers' rights.
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936593
1886
- om husarbejderes rettigheder.
15:51
The Nepali women who were trafficked
into the sex trade --
into the sex trade --
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939284
3995
Sexhandlede nepalesiske kvinder -
15:55
they came together, and they decided
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943303
1747
- samlede sig og besluttede -
15:57
that they were going to make the world's
first anti-trafficking organization
first anti-trafficking organization
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945074
3597
- at starte verdens første organisation
for bekæmpelse af menneskehandel -
for bekæmpelse af menneskehandel -
16:00
actually headed and run
by trafficking survivors themselves.
by trafficking survivors themselves.
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948695
3576
- styret af ofrene for menneskehandel.
16:05
These Indian shipyard workers
were trafficked
were trafficked
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953681
2778
De indiske handlede værftsarbejdere, -
16:08
to do post-Hurricane Katrina
reconstruction.
reconstruction.
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956483
2691
- brugt til genopbygningen
efter Orkanen Katrina, -
efter Orkanen Katrina, -
16:11
They were threatened with deportation,
but they broke out of their work compound
but they broke out of their work compound
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959541
3774
- blev truet med udvisning,
men brød ud af deres arbejdslejre -
men brød ud af deres arbejdslejre -
16:15
and they marched from New Orleans
to Washington, D.C.,
to Washington, D.C.,
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963339
3379
- og marcherede fra New Orleans
til Washington -
til Washington -
16:18
to protest labor exploitation.
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966742
2239
- i protest mod
udnyttelse af arbejdskraft.
udnyttelse af arbejdskraft.
16:21
They cofounded an organization called
the National Guest Worker Alliance,
the National Guest Worker Alliance,
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969778
3515
De startede organisationen
National Guest Worker Alliance, -
National Guest Worker Alliance, -
16:25
and through this organization,
they have wound up helping other workers
they have wound up helping other workers
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973317
4684
- og gennem denne organisation,
har de hjulpet andre arbejdere, -
har de hjulpet andre arbejdere, -
16:30
bring to light exploitation
and abuses in supply chains
and abuses in supply chains
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978025
4398
- til at kaste lys over udnyttelsen
og misbruget i forsyningskæder -
og misbruget i forsyningskæder -
16:34
in Walmart and Hershey's factories.
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982447
1668
- på Walmart- og Hershey-fabrikker.
16:36
And although the Department
of Justice declined to take their case,
of Justice declined to take their case,
281
984139
4181
Og selvom Justitsministeriet afviste
at tage deres sag, -
at tage deres sag, -
16:40
a team of civil rights lawyers won
the first of a dozen civil suits
the first of a dozen civil suits
282
988344
4242
- vandt en gruppe advokater
den første række civile sager, -
den første række civile sager, -
16:44
this February, and got
their clients 14 million dollars.
their clients 14 million dollars.
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992610
3906
- nu i februar og fik 14 millioner
til deres klienter.
til deres klienter.
16:50
These survivors are fighting
for people they don't even know yet,
for people they don't even know yet,
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998260
4257
Disse ofre kæmper for de mennesker,
de end ikke kender.
de end ikke kender.
16:54
other workers, and for the possibility
of a just world for all of us.
of a just world for all of us.
285
1002541
4351
De kæmper for andre arbejdere
og for en retfærdig verden for os alle.
og for en retfærdig verden for os alle.
16:59
This is our chance to do the same.
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1007626
2000
Vi kan gøre det samme.
17:02
This is our chance to make the decision
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1010716
2183
Vi kan træffe en beslutning -
17:04
that tells us who we are,
as a people and as a society;
as a people and as a society;
288
1012923
3833
- der fortæller os, hvem vi er,
som mennesker og som samfund.
som mennesker og som samfund.
17:08
that our prosperity is no
longer prosperity,
longer prosperity,
289
1016778
2847
At vores velstand
ikke længere er velstand -
ikke længere er velstand -
17:11
as long as it is pinned
to other people's pain;
to other people's pain;
290
1019649
3873
- så længe den er forbundet
med andres lidelser.
med andres lidelser.
17:15
that our lives are
inextricably woven together;
inextricably woven together;
291
1023561
3604
At vores liv er uløseligt
vævet sammen, -
vævet sammen, -
17:19
and that we have the power
to make a different choice.
to make a different choice.
292
1027193
3888
- og at vi har magten
til at gøre en forskel.
til at gøre en forskel.
17:26
I was so reluctant to share
my story of my auntie with you.
my story of my auntie with you.
293
1034217
4803
Jeg var så nervøs for at dele
min historie om min tante med jer.
min historie om min tante med jer.
17:31
Before I started this TED process
and climbed up on this stage,
and climbed up on this stage,
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1039976
2977
Før jeg startede denne process med TED
og gik på scenen, -
og gik på scenen, -
17:34
I had told literally a handful
of people about it,
of people about it,
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1042977
2976
- havde jeg kun delt min historie
med meget få.
med meget få.
17:37
because, like many a journalist,
296
1045977
1952
Som mange andre journalister -
17:39
I am far more interested in learning
about your stories
about your stories
297
1047953
2890
- er jeg mere interesseret i
at kende jeres historier, -
at kende jeres historier, -
17:42
than sharing much,
if anything, about my own.
if anything, about my own.
298
1050867
3218
- end at dele meget,
hvis noget, af min egen.
hvis noget, af min egen.
17:47
I also haven't done my journalistic
due diligence on this.
due diligence on this.
299
1055273
2945
Jeg har heller ikke fortaget
baggrundstjek på dette.
baggrundstjek på dette.
17:50
I haven't issued my mountains
of document requests,
of document requests,
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1058242
2404
Udbedte dokumenter
er ikke blevet udleveret, -
er ikke blevet udleveret, -
17:52
and interviewed everyone and their mother,
301
1060670
2237
- mange interviews
er ikke blevet lavet, -
er ikke blevet lavet, -
17:54
and I haven't found my auntie yet.
302
1062931
2000
- og jeg har heller ikke
fundet min tante.
fundet min tante.
17:57
I don't know her story
of what happened, and of her life now.
of what happened, and of her life now.
303
1065241
4828
Jeg kender ikke hendes historie
og ved ikke, hvad der blev af hende.
og ved ikke, hvad der blev af hende.
18:02
The story as I've told it to you
is messy and unfinished.
is messy and unfinished.
304
1070781
3380
Den historie, jeg har fortalt jer,
er rodet og ufærdig -
er rodet og ufærdig -
18:06
But I think it mirrors the messy
and unfinished situation we're all in,
and unfinished situation we're all in,
305
1074914
4852
- dog blot en afspejling
af vores rodede og ufærdige situation, -
af vores rodede og ufærdige situation, -
18:11
when it comes to human trafficking.
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1079790
2000
- når det gælder menneskehandel.
18:14
We are all implicated in this problem.
307
1082523
2714
Vi er alle indblandede i dette problem.
18:18
But that means we are all
also part of its solution.
also part of its solution.
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1086291
4487
Men det betyder også,
at vi alle er en del af løsningen.
at vi alle er en del af løsningen.
18:24
Figuring out how to build a more
just world is our work to do,
just world is our work to do,
309
1092241
4114
Svaret på en mere retfærdig verden
er op til os at finde -
er op til os at finde -
18:28
and our story to tell.
310
1096379
1901
- og det er vores historie at fortælle.
18:31
So let us tell it the way
we should have done,
we should have done,
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1099289
2388
Så lad os fortælle den,
som vi skulle have gjort -
som vi skulle have gjort -
18:33
from the very beginning.
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1101701
1563
- helt fra begyndelsen.
18:35
Let us tell this story together.
313
1103801
2756
Lad os fortælle historien sammen.
18:39
Thank you so much.
314
1107518
1309
Mange tak.
18:40
(Applause)
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1108851
6849
(Klapsalver)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Noy Thrupkaew - Global journalistNoy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights.
Why you should listen
Noy Thrupkaew writes on global issues on a local scale. The focus of her studies (and the subject of her forthcoming book) is human trafficking and the exploitative economic systems and corrupt officials behind it. She is a keen critic of the role of anti-trafficking organizations in the struggle against it, calling for long-range approaches that go beyond mere prohibition.
As an independent journalist, Thrupkaew has written for a wide variety of outlets including The Nation, National Geographic and The New York Times.
Noy Thrupkaew | Speaker | TED.com