TED2015
Noy Thrupkaew: Human trafficking is all around you. This is how it works
諾伊‧朱普蓋兒: 人口販賣就在身邊，如何運作的
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
2,004,712 views
隱藏在我們所喜愛的日常交易背後，例如：十美金修剪草皮，蝦子吃到飽的自助餐，極低價的背後，就是強制勞動。諾伊‧朱普蓋兒調查人口販賣，在美國、歐洲和開發中國家都很猖獗，她也告訴我們，人們面對的是，提供所有人消費背後的剝削勞工。
Noy Thrupkaew - Global journalist
Noy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights. Full bio
Noy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
About 10 years ago, I went through
a little bit of a hard time.
a little bit of a hard time.
0
794
3357
大約十年前，
我經歷了一段艱難的時期。
我經歷了一段艱難的時期。
00:16
So I decided to go see a therapist.
1
4175
2274
所以我決定去看心理醫生。
00:18
I had been seeing her for a few months,
when she looked at me one day and said,
when she looked at me one day and said,
2
6473
3722
我持續去看了幾個月，
有一天她看著我說：
有一天她看著我說：
00:22
"Who actually raised you
until you were three?"
until you were three?"
3
10219
2844
「到底是誰把你扶養到三歲的？」
00:26
Seemed like a weird question.
I said, "My parents."
I said, "My parents."
4
14202
2944
這問題好怪。我說：「我的父母。」
00:29
And she said, "I don't think
that's actually the case;
that's actually the case;
5
17890
3258
她說：「我不認為那是真的；
00:33
because if it were,
6
21172
1157
因為如果是真的，
00:34
we'd be dealing with things that are
far more complicated than just this."
far more complicated than just this."
7
22353
3822
那我們面對的問題將會更複雜。」
00:38
It sounded like the setup to a joke,
but I knew she was serious.
but I knew she was serious.
8
26906
3581
這聽起來像是設計好的笑話，
但我知道她是認真的。
但我知道她是認真的。
00:42
Because when I first started seeing her,
9
30948
2252
因為從我一開始看這位心理醫生，
00:45
I was trying to be
the funniest person in the room.
the funniest person in the room.
10
33224
2606
我就試著要成為
房間裡最幽默的人。
房間裡最幽默的人。
00:47
And I would try and crack these jokes,
but she caught on to me really quickly,
but she caught on to me really quickly,
11
35854
4158
我會試著說些笑話，
但她馬上知道我要說什麼，
但她馬上知道我要說什麼，
00:52
and whenever I tried to make a joke,
she would look at me and say,
she would look at me and say,
12
40036
3777
每當我試著要開玩笑，
她就會看著我然後說：
她就會看著我然後說：
00:55
"That is actually really sad."
13
43837
3130
「真的很可悲。」
00:58
(Laughter)
14
46991
1897
（笑聲）
01:00
It's terrible.
15
48912
1176
真的很慘。
01:02
So I knew I had to be serious,
and I asked my parents
and I asked my parents
16
50557
3487
我知道我要嚴肅起來，
於是我問了我的父母
於是我問了我的父母
01:06
who had actually raised me
until I was three?
until I was three?
17
54068
2574
到底是誰把我扶養到三歲？
01:08
And to my surprise, they said
18
56666
2374
出乎我的意料之外，他們說
01:11
my primary caregiver had been
a distant relative of the family.
a distant relative of the family.
19
59064
3750
主要照顧我的人，
是我家族裡的一個遠親。
是我家族裡的一個遠親。
01:15
I had called her my auntie.
20
63291
2000
我叫她阿姨。
01:18
I remember my auntie so clearly,
21
66502
2085
我記得非常清楚，
01:20
it felt like she had been part of my life
when I was much older.
when I was much older.
22
68611
3223
當我年紀大一些，
感覺她是我生命的一部份。
感覺她是我生命的一部份。
01:24
I remember the thick, straight hair,
23
72312
2327
我記得她那濃密的直髮，
當她彎腰抱我時
01:26
and how it would come around
me like a curtain
me like a curtain
24
74663
2262
那頭髮就像窗簾布一樣包圍我；
01:28
when she bent to pick me up;
25
76949
1341
01:30
her soft, southern Thai accent;
26
78314
2538
記著她那柔軟的南方泰國口音；
01:32
the way I would cling to her,
27
80876
1830
我喜歡黏著她，
01:34
even if she just wanted to go
to the bathroom
to the bathroom
28
82730
2119
甚至她只是要去廁所，
01:36
or get something to eat.
29
84873
1238
或是拿點東西吃。
01:38
I loved her, but [with] the ferocity
that a child has sometimes
that a child has sometimes
30
86922
3606
我愛她，但殘忍的是
有時一個小孩
有時一個小孩
01:42
before she understands that love
also requires letting go.
also requires letting go.
31
90552
4918
不了解愛也是需要放手。
01:48
But my clearest and sharpest
memory of my auntie,
memory of my auntie,
32
96807
3436
她在我腦海中留下最清晰的回憶，
01:52
is also one of my first
memories of life at all.
memories of life at all.
33
100267
2963
也同時是我人生中最初的回憶之一。
01:56
I remember her being beaten and slapped
by another member of my family.
by another member of my family.
34
104345
4754
我記得她
被我家族裡的另一個成員打，
被我家族裡的另一個成員打，
02:01
I remember screaming hysterically
and wanting it to stop,
and wanting it to stop,
35
109686
2897
我歇斯底里地尖叫，
想要讓暴力停止，
想要讓暴力停止，
02:04
as I did every single time it happened,
36
112607
2774
當她被打，我都這樣做，
02:07
for things as minor as wanting
to go out with her friends,
to go out with her friends,
37
115405
2737
被打的原因是
她想和朋友出去玩，
她想和朋友出去玩，
02:10
or being a little late.
38
118166
1444
或是稍微遲到之類的小事。
02:12
I became so hysterical over her treatment,
39
120856
2412
看到她被虐待
我會表現得很激動，
我會表現得很激動，
02:15
that eventually, she was just
beaten behind closed doors.
beaten behind closed doors.
40
123292
4210
後來，她在我看不到的地方被打。
02:21
Things got so bad for her
that eventually she ran away.
that eventually she ran away.
41
129634
3064
情況越來越糟，
最後她逃離這個家。
最後她逃離這個家。
02:25
As an adult, I learned later
42
133424
1572
成年後我才知道
02:27
that she had been just 19
when she was brought over from Thailand
when she was brought over from Thailand
43
135020
4227
她十九歲時，
被人從泰國帶到美國
被人從泰國帶到美國
02:31
to the States to care for me,
on a tourist visa.
on a tourist visa.
44
139271
2978
來當我的保母，
以旅遊簽證居住在美國。
以旅遊簽證居住在美國。
02:35
She wound up working
in Illinois for a time,
in Illinois for a time,
45
143674
2057
她在伊利諾州工作一段時間後，
02:37
before eventually returning to Thailand,
46
145755
2430
又回到泰國，
02:40
which is where I ran into her again,
at a political rally in Bangkok.
at a political rally in Bangkok.
47
148209
3920
在曼谷的一個政治性的遊行中，
我再次遇見她。
我再次遇見她。
02:45
I clung to her again, as I had
when I was a child,
when I was a child,
48
153159
3433
就像小時候那樣，
我緊緊地抱住她，
我緊緊地抱住她，
02:48
and I let go, and then
I promised that I would call.
I promised that I would call.
49
156616
3571
放手後，承諾我會與她保持連繫。
02:53
I never did, though.
50
161079
1492
但我沒有如此做。
02:55
Because I was afraid if I said
everything that she meant to me --
everything that she meant to me --
51
163536
4767
因為我怕如果我說
她對我而言意義重大，
她對我而言意義重大，
03:00
that I owed perhaps the best parts
of who I became to her care,
of who I became to her care,
52
168327
4750
我人生中最美好的部分
是我受到她的照顧，
是我受到她的照顧，
03:05
and that the words "I'm sorry"
were like a thimble
were like a thimble
53
173101
3088
我只能以一句「對不起」
03:08
to bail out all the guilt
and shame and rage I felt
and shame and rage I felt
54
176213
4425
來表達我感受到的
罪惡、羞愧和憤怒，
罪惡、羞愧和憤怒，
03:12
over everything she had endured
to care for me for as long as she had --
to care for me for as long as she had --
55
180662
4471
她為了照顧我而忍受的一切，
03:18
I thought if I said those words to her,
I would never stop crying again.
I would never stop crying again.
56
186410
4539
我想如果我對她說出這些話，
我又會哭不停。
我又會哭不停。
03:24
Because she had saved me.
57
192304
2000
因為她救了我。
03:26
And I had not saved her.
58
194870
2611
可是我沒有救她。
03:32
I'm a journalist, and I've been writing
and researching human trafficking
and researching human trafficking
59
200877
3444
我是記者，
我撰寫、研究人口販賣
我撰寫、研究人口販賣
03:36
for the past eight years or so,
60
204345
2101
大約有八年了，
03:38
and even so, I never put together
this personal story
this personal story
61
206470
3951
儘管如此，
我之前從沒把這起個人的故事
我之前從沒把這起個人的故事
03:42
with my professional life
until pretty recently.
until pretty recently.
62
210445
3046
與工作湊在一起。
03:46
I think this profound disconnect
actually symbolizes
actually symbolizes
63
214234
3319
這種全然的分割
實際上是象徵著
實際上是象徵著
03:49
most of our understanding
about human trafficking.
about human trafficking.
64
217577
2707
我們大多數人對人口販賣的理解。
03:52
Because human trafficking is far more
prevalent, complex and close to home
prevalent, complex and close to home
65
220977
5627
因為人口販賣
比我們想像的還要普遍、
比我們想像的還要普遍、
複雜且近在身邊。
03:58
than most of us realize.
66
226628
1612
04:01
I spent time in jails and brothels,
67
229377
1992
我採訪過監獄和妓院，
04:03
interviewed hundreds of survivors
and law enforcement, NGO workers.
and law enforcement, NGO workers.
68
231393
3558
數百名倖存者、執法人員
和非政府組織人員。
和非政府組織人員。
04:07
And when I think about what we've done
about human trafficking,
about human trafficking,
69
235578
2977
當我理解到我們為解決人口販賣
所做的一切時，
所做的一切時，
04:10
I am hugely disappointed.
70
238579
1904
我感到極度的失望。
04:13
Partly because we don't even talk
about the problem right at all.
about the problem right at all.
71
241284
3357
部分是因為我們沒有
正確地討論這個問題。
正確地討論這個問題。
04:18
When I say "human trafficking,"
72
246185
1802
當我說「人口販賣」，
04:20
most of you probably don't think
about someone like my auntie.
about someone like my auntie.
73
248011
3240
大部分的人不會
想到我阿姨這樣的人。
想到我阿姨這樣的人。
04:23
You probably think
about a young girl or woman,
about a young girl or woman,
74
251834
2717
你或許會想到
年輕女孩或女人，
年輕女孩或女人，
04:26
who's been brutally forced
into prostitution by a violent pimp.
into prostitution by a violent pimp.
75
254575
3432
被老鴇殘忍地逼迫賣淫。
04:31
That is real suffering,
and that is a real story.
and that is a real story.
76
259009
3616
這的確是個苦難，
也是一個真實的故事。
也是一個真實的故事。
04:35
That story makes me angry
77
263578
1283
一個讓我憤怒的故事
04:36
for far more than just the reality
of that situation, though.
of that situation, though.
78
264885
3441
不只因為它是真實的情況。
04:41
As a journalist, I really care about how
we relate to each other through language,
we relate to each other through language,
79
269560
4812
身為記者，我很在意我們之間
是如何使用語言溝通，
是如何使用語言溝通，
04:46
and the way we tell that story,
with all the gory, violent detail,
with all the gory, violent detail,
80
274396
3691
我們說的故事充滿
血腥、暴力細節，
血腥、暴力細節，
04:50
the salacious aspects -- I call that
"look at her scars" journalism.
"look at her scars" journalism.
81
278111
5038
與猥褻有關的——
我稱它為「看她的傷疤」新聞。
我稱它為「看她的傷疤」新聞。
04:55
We use that story to convince ourselves
82
283782
2258
我們利用這個故事來說服我們自己
04:58
that human trafficking is a bad man
doing a bad thing to an innocent girl.
doing a bad thing to an innocent girl.
83
286064
4614
販賣人口是
壞人對無辜的女子做壞事。
壞人對無辜的女子做壞事。
05:03
That story lets us off the hook.
84
291328
1896
這個故事讓我們有台階下。
05:05
It takes away all the societal context
that we might be indicted for,
that we might be indicted for,
85
293248
3738
它抺去所有可能
被控訴的社會背景，
被控訴的社會背景，
05:09
for the structural inequality,
or the poverty,
or the poverty,
86
297010
2159
如結構性的不平等、
貧窮、
貧窮、
05:11
or the barriers to migration.
87
299193
1753
或是遷徙的限制。
05:13
We let ourselves think
88
301689
1151
我們自己認為
05:14
that human trafficking is only
about forced prostitution,
about forced prostitution,
89
302864
3576
人口販賣只是被迫賣淫，
05:18
when in reality,
90
306464
1515
但事實是，
05:20
human trafficking is embedded
in our everyday lives.
in our everyday lives.
91
308003
3483
人口販賣潛藏
在我們的日常生活中。
在我們的日常生活中。
05:24
Let me show you what I mean.
92
312771
1373
讓我來解釋給你們聽。
05:26
Forced prostitution accounts for
22 percent of human trafficking.
22 percent of human trafficking.
93
314996
4249
被迫賣淫
佔人口販賣的百分之二十二。
佔人口販賣的百分之二十二。
05:31
Ten percent is in state-
imposed forced labor.
imposed forced labor.
94
319828
3971
百分之十為強制勞動。
05:35
but a whopping 68 percent
is for the purpose of creating the goods
is for the purpose of creating the goods
95
323823
4163
但高達百分之六十八
是從事生產產品
是從事生產產品
05:40
and delivering the services
that most of us rely on every day,
that most of us rely on every day,
96
328010
4630
以及從事我們
日常不可或缺的服務業，
日常不可或缺的服務業，
05:44
in sectors like agricultural work,
domestic work and construction.
domestic work and construction.
97
332664
4176
像是農事，
家事服務以及建造的工作。
家事服務以及建造的工作。
05:49
That is food and care and shelter.
98
337298
3083
就是食品、照護和庇護的工作。
05:53
And somehow, these most essential workers
99
341067
2362
但，這些最不可或缺的工作者
05:55
are also among the world's most underpaid
and exploited today.
and exploited today.
100
343453
4143
是當今世界上
酬勞最低、被剝削的一群。
酬勞最低、被剝削的一群。
06:01
Human trafficking is the use
of force, fraud or coercion
of force, fraud or coercion
101
349430
4463
人口販賣是使用暴力、欺騙
和強迫的手段
和強迫的手段
06:05
to compel another person's labor.
102
353917
2000
來強迫他人勞動。
06:08
And it's found in cotton fields,
and coltan mines,
and coltan mines,
103
356470
2774
可在棉花田或鈳鉭鐵礦場看到，
06:11
and even car washes in Norway and England.
104
359268
2538
甚至出現在挪威和英國的洗車場。
06:14
It's found in U.S. military
bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.
bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.
105
362245
3570
在伊拉克和阿富汗的美國軍營裡。
06:18
It's found in Thailand's fishing industry.
106
366171
2142
在泰國的捕魚業。
06:20
That country has become the largest
exporter of shrimp in the world.
exporter of shrimp in the world.
107
368726
3908
泰國是世界上蝦子
最大的出口國。
最大的出口國。
06:25
But what are the circumstances
108
373248
2326
但便宜又大量蝦子的背後
06:27
behind all that cheap
and plentiful shrimp?
and plentiful shrimp?
109
375598
3010
有著什麼情況？
06:31
Thai military were caught selling
Burmese and Cambodian migrants
Burmese and Cambodian migrants
110
379724
4241
泰國軍隊被發現
販賣緬甸和柬埔寨籍的外勞
販賣緬甸和柬埔寨籍的外勞
06:35
onto fishing boats.
111
383989
1360
上漁船捕魚。
06:37
Those fishing boats were taken out,
the men put to work,
the men put to work,
112
385944
3097
漁船出海捕魚，
他們在船上工作，
他們在船上工作，
06:41
and they were thrown overboard
if they made the mistake of falling sick,
if they made the mistake of falling sick,
113
389065
3652
他們會被丟下船
如果他們犯錯、生病
如果他們犯錯、生病
06:44
or trying to resist their treatment.
114
392741
1984
或反抗。
06:47
Those fish were then used to feed shrimp,
115
395368
2495
捕到的魚用來餵蝦子，
06:49
The shrimp were then sold
to four major global retailers:
to four major global retailers:
116
397887
4434
然後把蝦子賣給
四個主要零售商：
四個主要零售商：
06:54
Costco, Tesco, Walmart and Carrefour.
117
402345
4187
好市多、特易購、
沃爾瑪和家樂福。
沃爾瑪和家樂福。
07:01
Human trafficking is found
on a smaller scale than just that,
on a smaller scale than just that,
118
409251
3199
人口販賣也發現在小規模的地方，
07:04
and in places you would
never even imagine.
never even imagine.
119
412474
2198
你永遠也想不到地方。
07:07
Traffickers have forced young people
to drive ice cream trucks,
to drive ice cream trucks,
120
415016
2985
人口販強迫年輕人開冰淇淋車，
07:10
or to sing in touring boys' choirs.
121
418025
2145
或是在男子巡迴演唱團裡唱歌。
07:12
Trafficking has even been found
in a hair braiding salon in New Jersey.
in a hair braiding salon in New Jersey.
122
420953
3413
販賣行為也被發現
在紐澤西的髮廊。
在紐澤西的髮廊。
07:16
The scheme in that case was incredible.
123
424942
2087
販賣的詭計
令人不可思議。
令人不可思議。
07:19
The traffickers found young families
who were from Ghana and Togo,
who were from Ghana and Togo,
124
427522
6101
人口販子找到迦納和多哥的
年輕家庭，
年輕家庭，
07:25
and they told these families that
"your daughters are going to get
"your daughters are going to get
125
433647
3342
告訴他們：
「你們的女兒會在
「你們的女兒會在
07:29
a fine education in the United States."
126
437013
2107
美國接受良好的教育。」
07:31
They then located winners
of the green card lottery,
of the green card lottery,
127
439718
2658
然後找到那些
中了美國綠卡樂透者，
中了美國綠卡樂透者，
07:34
and they told them, "We'll help you out.
128
442400
2861
告訴他們：
「我們會幫助你。
「我們會幫助你。
07:37
We'll get you a plane ticket.
We'll pay your fees.
We'll pay your fees.
129
445285
2979
我們會付機票錢。
付所有的費用。
付所有的費用。
07:40
All you have to do is take
this young girl with you,
this young girl with you,
130
448288
2972
只要你帶著這個年輕女孩，
07:43
say that she's your sister or your spouse.
131
451284
2518
說她是你妹妹或是你老婆。」
07:46
Once everyone arrived in New Jersey,
the young girls were taken away,
the young girls were taken away,
132
454998
3263
當所有人到達紐澤西，
年輕女孩就會被帶走，
年輕女孩就會被帶走，
07:50
and put to work for 14-hour days,
133
458285
2559
被逼每天工作 14 個小時，
07:52
seven days a week, for five years.
134
460868
2890
每週七天，連續工作五年。
07:56
They made their traffickers
nearly four million dollars.
nearly four million dollars.
135
464154
3830
人口販因此獲利近四百萬美金。
08:02
This is a huge problem.
136
470345
1698
這是個大問題。
08:04
So what have we done about it?
137
472491
1666
我們為此做了什麼？
08:07
We've mostly turned
to the criminal justice system.
to the criminal justice system.
138
475049
2433
我們大都求助刑事司法系統。
08:10
But keep in mind, most victims of human
trafficking are poor and marginalized.
trafficking are poor and marginalized.
139
478386
4008
但請記得，大部分人口販賣的受害者
是貧窮和被邊緣化的人。
是貧窮和被邊緣化的人。
08:14
They're migrants, people of color.
140
482418
2006
他們是外籍勞工，有色人種。
08:16
Sometimes they're in the sex trade.
141
484448
1682
有些從事賣淫。
08:18
And for populations like these,
142
486634
2166
面對這些人，
08:20
the criminal justice system is
too often part of the problem,
too often part of the problem,
143
488824
3038
刑事司法系統經常是問題的一部分，
08:23
rather than the solution.
144
491886
1452
而不是解決問題的方法。
08:26
In study after study, in countries ranging
from Bangladesh to the United States,
from Bangladesh to the United States,
145
494444
4645
在一次又一次的研究中，
從孟加拉到美國，
從孟加拉到美國，
08:31
between 20 and 60 percent of the people
in the sex trade who were surveyed
in the sex trade who were surveyed
146
499113
4737
經調查有 20-60% 的性交易者
08:35
said that they had been raped or assaulted
by the police in the past year alone.
by the police in the past year alone.
147
503874
4668
說他們在過去的一年
被警察強姦。
被警察強姦。
08:42
People in prostitution, including people
who have been trafficked into it,
who have been trafficked into it,
148
510302
3667
賣淫的人，包括人口販賣受害者，
08:45
regularly receive multiple
convictions for prostitution.
convictions for prostitution.
149
513993
3321
時常因賣淫而被多次定罪。
08:49
Having that criminal record makes it
so much more difficult
so much more difficult
150
517809
3064
有這些犯罪記錄
使得他們
使得他們
08:52
to leave poverty, leave abuse,
or leave prostitution,
or leave prostitution,
151
520897
3897
想要擺脫貧窮、虐待或賣淫，
08:56
if that person so desires.
152
524818
1852
也是非常困難。
09:00
Workers outside of the sex sector --
153
528296
1936
色情以外的工作者，
09:02
if they try and resist their treatment,
they risk deportation.
they risk deportation.
154
530256
4028
如果他們抗拒，
他們有可能會被驅逐出境。
他們有可能會被驅逐出境。
09:07
In case after case I've studied,
employers have no problem
employers have no problem
155
535146
3182
在我研究的案件中，
僱主會
僱主會
09:10
calling on law enforcement
to try and threaten or deport
to try and threaten or deport
156
538352
3443
叫警察以威脅或驅逐出境
09:13
their striking trafficked workers.
157
541819
2030
這些罷工的非法交易工作者。
09:16
If those workers run away,
158
544718
1754
如果這些工作人員逃跑的話，
09:18
they risk becoming part of the great mass
of undocumented workers
of undocumented workers
159
546496
4712
大部分的人冒著危險變成
沒有合法身份的工作者，
沒有合法身份的工作者，
09:23
who are also subject to the whims
of law enforcement if they're caught.
of law enforcement if they're caught.
160
551232
3452
如果他們被抓
他們會被警察凌辱。
他們會被警察凌辱。
09:29
Law enforcement is supposed to identify
victims and prosecute traffickers.
victims and prosecute traffickers.
161
557670
5190
執法人員應該找出受害者
和起訴人口販子。
和起訴人口販子。
09:36
But out of an estimated 21 million victims
of human trafficking in the world,
of human trafficking in the world,
162
564033
4686
但全世界大約有 2100 萬
人口販賣的受害者，
人口販賣的受害者，
09:40
they have helped and identified
fewer than 50,000 people.
fewer than 50,000 people.
163
568743
4416
受過協助和確認的人數
低於 5 萬人。
低於 5 萬人。
09:45
That's like comparing
164
573742
1619
這好比
09:47
the population of the world
to the population of Los Angeles,
to the population of Los Angeles,
165
575385
3871
全世界的人口之於
洛杉磯的人口，
洛杉磯的人口，
09:51
proportionally speaking.
166
579280
1301
以上是依比率來作說明。
09:53
As for convictions, out of an estimated
5,700 convictions in 2013,
5,700 convictions in 2013,
167
581997
6422
至於定罪，2013 年
約有 5700 人被判有罪，
約有 5700 人被判有罪，
10:00
fewer than 500 were for labor trafficking.
168
588443
2835
但因販賣勞工而判刑的
不到 500 人。
不到 500 人。
10:03
Keep in mind that labor trafficking
169
591976
1692
請記得販賣勞工
10:05
accounts for 68 percent
of all trafficking,
of all trafficking,
170
593692
3166
佔人口販賣的 68%，
10:08
but fewer than 10 percent
of the convictions.
of the convictions.
171
596882
3063
被定罪的卻少於 10% 。
10:14
I've heard one expert say that trafficking
happens where need meets greed.
happens where need meets greed.
172
602161
4490
我聽一位專家說
人口販賣發生在需求加上貪婪。
人口販賣發生在需求加上貪婪。
10:19
I'd like to add one more element to that.
173
607523
2270
我要再加入一個個人見解，
10:22
Trafficking happens in sectors where
workers are excluded from protections,
workers are excluded from protections,
174
610772
4155
人口販賣發生在
勞工沒有受到保護的地方，
勞工沒有受到保護的地方，
10:26
and denied the right to organize.
175
614951
2288
他們被剝奪組成工會的權利。
10:29
Trafficking doesn't happen in a vacuum.
176
617874
2161
人口販賣並非與世隔絕。
10:32
It happens in systematically
degraded work environments.
degraded work environments.
177
620538
3507
它發生在被系統化剝削的工作環境。
10:37
You might be thinking,
178
625249
1151
你或許在想，
10:38
oh, she's talking about failed states,
or war-torn states, or --
or war-torn states, or --
179
626424
3101
她說的是失敗國家，
或是受戰爭蹂躪的國家，或——
或是受戰爭蹂躪的國家，或——
10:41
I'm actually talking
about the United States.
about the United States.
180
629549
2103
其實我說的就是美國。
10:44
Let me tell you what that looks like.
181
632270
2000
讓我來告訴各位真相。
10:47
I spent many months researching
a trafficking case called Global Horizons,
a trafficking case called Global Horizons,
182
635342
3493
我花了好幾個月的時間研究
人口販賣「全球地平線」的案子，
人口販賣「全球地平線」的案子，
10:50
involving hundreds of Thai farm workers.
183
638859
2326
包括數百名泰國農人。
10:53
They were sent all over the States,
to work in Hawaii pineapple plantations,
to work in Hawaii pineapple plantations,
184
641209
3592
他們被分配到全美各地，
在夏威夷鳳梨田裡工作，
在夏威夷鳳梨田裡工作，
10:56
and Washington apple orchards,
and anywhere the work was needed.
and anywhere the work was needed.
185
644825
3101
在華盛頓蘋果園，
及其他需要勞工的地方。
及其他需要勞工的地方。
11:00
They were promised three years
of solid agricultural work.
of solid agricultural work.
186
648555
4324
他們被承諾
做三年的農事工作。
做三年的農事工作。
11:04
So they made a calculated risk.
187
652903
1920
他們算了一下風險。
11:06
They sold their land, they sold
their wives' jewelry,
their wives' jewelry,
188
654847
3082
賣掉他們的土地、
老婆的珠寶，
老婆的珠寶，
11:09
to make thousands in recruitment fees
for this company, Global Horizons.
for this company, Global Horizons.
189
657953
4146
被「全球地平線」這公司
收了數千美元的招聘費。
收了數千美元的招聘費。
11:14
But once they were brought over,
190
662776
1828
他們一旦被帶到美國，
11:16
their passports were confiscated.
191
664628
2025
他們的護照被沒收。
11:18
Some of the men were beaten
and held at gunpoint.
and held at gunpoint.
192
666677
2621
有人被打，受槍口威脅。
11:21
They worked so hard
they fainted in the fields.
they fainted in the fields.
193
669791
2622
他們過勞而昏倒在田裡。
11:26
This case hit me so hard.
194
674138
2224
這案子令我很心痛。
11:29
After I came back home,
195
677572
2081
回到家後，
11:31
I was wandering through the grocery store,
and I froze in the produce department.
and I froze in the produce department.
196
679677
4025
我在雜貨店裡閒逛，
佇足在農產區。
佇足在農產區。
11:36
I was remembering the over-the-top meals
the Global Horizons survivors
the Global Horizons survivors
197
684688
3396
我記得我每次採訪他們時，
11:40
would make for me every time
I showed up to interview them.
I showed up to interview them.
198
688108
2827
這些從苦難中逃生的人
都會為我準備美味食物。
都會為我準備美味食物。
11:44
They finished one meal with this plate
of perfect, long-stemmed strawberries,
of perfect, long-stemmed strawberries,
199
692521
4902
飯後提供一盤很棒的長莖草莓，
11:49
and as they handed them to me, they said,
200
697447
2513
在遞給我的同時，他們說：
11:51
"Aren't these the kind of strawberries
you eat with somebody special
you eat with somebody special
201
699984
3232
「在美國，這種草莓不就是
你和重要的人
你和重要的人
11:55
in the States?
202
703240
1157
一起吃的那種？
11:57
And don't they taste so much better
203
705091
1810
當你認識
親手摘下給你吃的人，
親手摘下給你吃的人，
11:58
when you know the people
whose hands picked them for you?"
whose hands picked them for you?"
204
706925
3588
它的味道是不是更好？」
12:06
As I stood in that grocery store weeks
later, I realized I had no idea
later, I realized I had no idea
205
714016
4231
幾週後，我站在雜貨店內
我不知道
我不知道
12:10
of who to thank for this plenty,
206
718271
2176
要感謝誰提供這豐富的食物，
12:12
and no idea of how
they were being treated.
they were being treated.
207
720471
2000
不知道他們是如何被對待。
12:15
So, like the journalist I am, I started
digging into the agricultural sector.
digging into the agricultural sector.
208
723569
4489
我是記者，
我開始深入研究農務工作。
我開始深入研究農務工作。
12:20
And I found there are too many fields,
and too few labor inspectors.
and too few labor inspectors.
209
728423
4315
我發現田地很多，
但勞動調查人員卻很少。
但勞動調查人員卻很少。
12:25
I found multiple layers
of plausible deniability
of plausible deniability
210
733119
2850
我發現各層級互相推委責任，
12:27
between grower and distributor
and processor, and God knows who else.
and processor, and God knows who else.
211
735993
4060
從種植、批發到加工程序，
只有上帝知道還有誰參與其中。
只有上帝知道還有誰參與其中。
12:32
The Global Horizons survivors had been
brought to the States
brought to the States
212
740988
2866
逃離「全球地平線」的人
最初被帶到美國，
最初被帶到美國，
12:35
on a temporary guest worker program.
213
743878
2239
是以臨時工的身份進入美國。
12:38
That guest worker program
ties a person's legal status
ties a person's legal status
214
746979
3633
臨時工的法律身份
12:42
to his or her employer,
215
750636
1642
與他們的僱主綁在一起，
12:44
and denies that worker
the right to organize.
the right to organize.
216
752302
3659
同時也拒絕
臨時工人組成工會的權利。
臨時工人組成工會的權利。
12:48
Mind you, none of what I am describing
about this agricultural sector
about this agricultural sector
217
756717
4252
請注意，我所說的農務工作
12:52
or the guest worker program
is actually human trafficking.
is actually human trafficking.
218
760993
3522
或外籍勞工
其實就是人口販賣。
其實就是人口販賣。
12:57
It is merely what we find
legally tolerable.
legally tolerable.
219
765234
3904
這走在法律邊緣。
13:02
And I would argue this is
fertile ground for exploitation.
fertile ground for exploitation.
220
770305
3326
這可說是剝削的溫床。
13:06
And all of this had been hidden to me,
before I had tried to understand it.
before I had tried to understand it.
221
774187
4011
我一直被矇在鼓裡，
直到我試著去了解這件事。
直到我試著去了解這件事。
13:11
I wasn't the only person
grappling with these issues.
grappling with these issues.
222
779741
2708
我不是唯一想解決這問題的人。
13:15
Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay,
223
783045
2164
eBay 的創辦人
皮耶‧歐米迪亞，
皮耶‧歐米迪亞，
13:17
is one of the biggest anti-trafficking
philanthropists in the world.
philanthropists in the world.
224
785233
3840
是有名的
反販賣人口的慈善家之一。
反販賣人口的慈善家之一。
13:21
And even he wound up accidentally
investing nearly 10 million dollars
investing nearly 10 million dollars
225
789544
5141
他也在不知情狀態下，
投資將近一千萬美元
投資將近一千萬美元
13:26
in the pineapple plantation cited
as having the worst working conditions
as having the worst working conditions
226
794709
3660
在「全球地平線」中
被舉證為工作環境最差的鳳梨園。
被舉證為工作環境最差的鳳梨園。
13:30
in that Global Horizons case.
227
798393
2604
13:34
When he found out, he and his wife
were shocked and horrified,
were shocked and horrified,
228
802464
3970
當他發現後，
他和他的老婆震驚了，
他和他的老婆震驚了，
13:38
and they wound up writing
an op-ed for a newspaper,
an op-ed for a newspaper,
229
806458
2593
他們給報社寫一篇專欄，
13:41
saying that it was up to all of us
to learn everything we can
to learn everything we can
230
809075
3899
說我們應盡所能去了解，
視為自己的責任，
視為自己的責任，
13:44
about the labor and supply chains
of the products that we support.
of the products that we support.
231
812998
3810
了解我們所支持的產品
其生產勞工和供應鏈。
其生產勞工和供應鏈。
13:49
I totally agree.
232
817909
1692
我非常認同。
13:53
What would happen
if each one of us decided
if each one of us decided
233
821160
2613
情況會是如何，
如果每個人都決定
如果每個人都決定
13:55
that we are no longer going
to support companies
to support companies
234
823797
2557
不再支持那些公司，
13:58
if they don't eliminate exploitation
from their labor and supply chains?
from their labor and supply chains?
235
826378
3566
如果他們不杜絕
勞力和供應鏈剝削？
勞力和供應鏈剝削？
14:02
If we demanded laws calling for the same?
236
830326
2701
如果我們要求法律也這麼做呢？
14:05
If all the CEOs out there decided
237
833729
2898
如果企業的執行長決定
14:08
that they were going to go through
their businesses and say, "no more"?
their businesses and say, "no more"?
238
836651
3502
在他們的企業
將不再剝削勞工？
將不再剝削勞工？
14:13
If we ended recruitment fees
for migrant workers?
for migrant workers?
239
841046
2793
如果不再收取外籍勞工的招聘費？
14:16
If we decided that guest workers
should have the right to organize
should have the right to organize
240
844574
3111
如果我們決定外籍工人
有權組成工會
有權組成工會
14:19
without fear of retaliation?
241
847709
1516
無需擔心報復的問題？
14:21
These would be decisions heard
around the world.
around the world.
242
849968
3642
所有人要下決心執行。
14:26
This isn't a matter of buying
a fair-trade peach
a fair-trade peach
243
854729
2244
這不是買公平交易的產品就可解決的，
14:29
and calling it a day, buying
a guilt-free zone with your money.
a guilt-free zone with your money.
244
857007
4157
用錢來免除自己的罪惡感。
14:33
That's not how it works.
245
861188
1578
這不是解決事情的方法。
14:35
This is the decision to change
a system that is broken,
a system that is broken,
246
863402
4026
而是要決定
去改變一個壞掉的系統，
去改變一個壞掉的系統，
14:39
and that we have unwittingly but willingly
247
867452
3511
我們不知原委，但欣然樂意
14:42
allowed ourselves to profit from
and benefit from for too long.
and benefit from for too long.
248
870987
4124
接受我們長期從中獲取
及享受的利益。
及享受的利益。
14:49
We often dwell on human trafficking
survivors' victimization.
survivors' victimization.
249
877435
3920
我們時常專注在
逃離人口販賣者的傷痛上。
逃離人口販賣者的傷痛上。
14:54
But that is not my experience of them.
250
882303
2363
但這不是我所得到的經驗。
14:57
Over all the years that I've
been talking to them,
been talking to them,
251
885725
2357
在我和他們接觸的那幾年，
15:00
they have taught me that we are
more than our worst days.
more than our worst days.
252
888106
3320
他們讓我瞭解
我們最壞的情況不能代表一切。
我們最壞的情況不能代表一切。
15:03
Each one of us is more
than what we have lived through.
than what we have lived through.
253
891941
3270
我們每個人的痛苦經歷
也不能代表一切。
也不能代表一切。
15:08
Especially trafficking survivors.
254
896183
2078
特別是逃離人口販賣的人。
15:10
These people were the most resourceful
and resilient and responsible
and resilient and responsible
255
898746
3623
他們在社會中
是經驗最豐富、
是經驗最豐富、
15:14
in their communities.
256
902393
1159
有活力、負責任的人。
15:16
They were the people that you
would take a gamble on.
would take a gamble on.
257
904022
2654
他們是一群值得你去冒險的人。
15:19
You'd say, I'm gong to sell my rings,
because I have the chance
because I have the chance
258
907084
3182
你會說，我要去賣戒指，
因為我有機會
因為我有機會
15:22
to send you off to a better future.
259
910290
2201
去為他們創造更好的未來。
15:25
They were the emissaries of hope.
260
913390
2126
他們是希望的使者。
15:29
These survivors don't need saving.
261
917371
2978
他們不需要被拯救。
15:32
They need solidarity,
because they're behind
because they're behind
262
920731
3044
這些倖存者需要的是團結，
因為他們
因為他們
15:35
some of the most exciting
social justice movements out there today.
social justice movements out there today.
263
923799
3747
支持當今最令人振奮的
社會正義運動。
社會正義運動。
15:40
The nannies and housekeepers
who marched with their families
who marched with their families
264
928766
2937
褓母、管家和他的家人
以及僱主家人
以及僱主家人
15:43
and their employers' families --
265
931727
1900
一起參與遊行——
15:45
their activism got us
an international treaty
an international treaty
266
933651
2918
他們的行動為我們爭取到
家事服務工作者權利的
國際條約。
國際條約。
15:48
on domestic workers' rights.
267
936593
1886
15:51
The Nepali women who were trafficked
into the sex trade --
into the sex trade --
268
939284
3995
被迫非法性交易的尼泊爾婦女，
15:55
they came together, and they decided
269
943303
1747
她們團結在一起，做出決定，
15:57
that they were going to make the world's
first anti-trafficking organization
first anti-trafficking organization
270
945074
3597
她們將成立世界上
第一個反販賣組織，
第一個反販賣組織，
16:00
actually headed and run
by trafficking survivors themselves.
by trafficking survivors themselves.
271
948695
3576
由一群逃離
非法交易者的人所成立。
非法交易者的人所成立。
16:05
These Indian shipyard workers
were trafficked
were trafficked
272
953681
2778
印度碼頭工人
被販賣到美國
被販賣到美國
16:08
to do post-Hurricane Katrina
reconstruction.
reconstruction.
273
956483
2691
為卡翠娜颱風災做重建工作。
16:11
They were threatened with deportation,
but they broke out of their work compound
but they broke out of their work compound
274
959541
3774
他們受驅逐出境威脅，
因而爆發遊行，
因而爆發遊行，
16:15
and they marched from New Orleans
to Washington, D.C.,
to Washington, D.C.,
275
963339
3379
他們從新奧爾良
遊行到華盛頓特區，
遊行到華盛頓特區，
16:18
to protest labor exploitation.
276
966742
2239
為了抗議勞工剝削。
16:21
They cofounded an organization called
the National Guest Worker Alliance,
the National Guest Worker Alliance,
277
969778
3515
他們成立「全國外籍工人聯盟」，
16:25
and through this organization,
they have wound up helping other workers
they have wound up helping other workers
278
973317
4684
透過這個組織，
他們很樂意幫助其他工人
他們很樂意幫助其他工人
16:30
bring to light exploitation
and abuses in supply chains
and abuses in supply chains
279
978025
4398
揭發沃爾瑪和好時工廠
其供應鏈的
其供應鏈的
16:34
in Walmart and Hershey's factories.
280
982447
1668
剝削及虐待行為。
16:36
And although the Department
of Justice declined to take their case,
of Justice declined to take their case,
281
984139
4181
雖然司法單位拒絶接受他們的案子，
16:40
a team of civil rights lawyers won
the first of a dozen civil suits
the first of a dozen civil suits
282
988344
4242
一個民權律師團隊打贏了
第一場民事訴訟，
第一場民事訴訟，
16:44
this February, and got
their clients 14 million dollars.
their clients 14 million dollars.
283
992610
3906
於今年二月，為他們的客戶
贏得一千四百萬美金。
贏得一千四百萬美金。
16:50
These survivors are fighting
for people they don't even know yet,
for people they don't even know yet,
284
998260
4257
這些逃離苦難的人
甚至在為其他人、
甚至在為其他人、
16:54
other workers, and for the possibility
of a just world for all of us.
of a just world for all of us.
285
1002541
4351
為其他工人努力，為創造一個
我們都可能享受的公義世界努力。
我們都可能享受的公義世界努力。
16:59
This is our chance to do the same.
286
1007626
2000
這是我們做這事的機會。
17:02
This is our chance to make the decision
287
1010716
2183
這是我們做決定的機會，
17:04
that tells us who we are,
as a people and as a society;
as a people and as a society;
288
1012923
3833
告訴自己我是誰，
身為人類及社會的一分子；
身為人類及社會的一分子；
17:08
that our prosperity is no
longer prosperity,
longer prosperity,
289
1016778
2847
我們的繁榮稱不上繁榮，
17:11
as long as it is pinned
to other people's pain;
to other people's pain;
290
1019649
3873
如果這繁榮是建立別人的痛苦上；
17:15
that our lives are
inextricably woven together;
inextricably woven together;
291
1023561
3604
我們的生活緊密地連接在一起；
17:19
and that we have the power
to make a different choice.
to make a different choice.
292
1027193
3888
我們有權力做不一樣的選擇。
17:26
I was so reluctant to share
my story of my auntie with you.
my story of my auntie with you.
293
1034217
4803
我實在不太願意分享
我阿姨的故事。
我阿姨的故事。
17:31
Before I started this TED process
and climbed up on this stage,
and climbed up on this stage,
294
1039976
2977
在站上 TED 演議台之前，
17:34
I had told literally a handful
of people about it,
of people about it,
295
1042977
2976
我只告訴少數幾個人，
17:37
because, like many a journalist,
296
1045977
1952
因為，如其他眾多記者，
17:39
I am far more interested in learning
about your stories
about your stories
297
1047953
2890
我比較喜歡聽別人的故事
17:42
than sharing much,
if anything, about my own.
if anything, about my own.
298
1050867
3218
甚於分享自己的故事，
如果我的故事有什麼可說的。
如果我的故事有什麼可說的。
17:47
I also haven't done my journalistic
due diligence on this.
due diligence on this.
299
1055273
2945
我尚未克盡記者職責。
17:50
I haven't issued my mountains
of document requests,
of document requests,
300
1058242
2404
我尚未發出堆積如山的申請文件，
17:52
and interviewed everyone and their mother,
301
1060670
2237
還沒採訪他們及其母親，
17:54
and I haven't found my auntie yet.
302
1062931
2000
也還沒找到我的阿姨。
17:57
I don't know her story
of what happened, and of her life now.
of what happened, and of her life now.
303
1065241
4828
我不知道她到底怎麼了，
現在又過得如何。
現在又過得如何。
18:02
The story as I've told it to you
is messy and unfinished.
is messy and unfinished.
304
1070781
3380
我向各位講的這個故事雜亂不全。
18:06
But I think it mirrors the messy
and unfinished situation we're all in,
and unfinished situation we're all in,
305
1074914
4852
但我想這故事反映出
我們都身處在這雜亂不全的狀況中，
我們都身處在這雜亂不全的狀況中，
18:11
when it comes to human trafficking.
306
1079790
2000
談到人口販賣，
18:14
We are all implicated in this problem.
307
1082523
2714
我們都和這個問題有關連。
18:18
But that means we are all
also part of its solution.
also part of its solution.
308
1086291
4487
也表示我們都可以為這件事
盡一份心力。
盡一份心力。
18:24
Figuring out how to build a more
just world is our work to do,
just world is our work to do,
309
1092241
4114
找出如何建立一個更公平的世界
是我們的工作，
是我們的工作，
18:28
and our story to tell.
310
1096379
1901
也是我們的故事。
18:31
So let us tell it the way
we should have done,
we should have done,
311
1099289
2388
讓我們
以我們該做的方式講故事，
以我們該做的方式講故事，
18:33
from the very beginning.
312
1101701
1563
從頭開始講起。
18:35
Let us tell this story together.
313
1103801
2756
讓我們一起講這個故事。
18:39
Thank you so much.
314
1107518
1309
謝謝各位。
18:40
(Applause)
315
1108851
6849
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Noy Thrupkaew - Global journalistNoy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights.
Why you should listen
Noy Thrupkaew writes on global issues on a local scale. The focus of her studies (and the subject of her forthcoming book) is human trafficking and the exploitative economic systems and corrupt officials behind it. She is a keen critic of the role of anti-trafficking organizations in the struggle against it, calling for long-range approaches that go beyond mere prohibition.
As an independent journalist, Thrupkaew has written for a wide variety of outlets including The Nation, National Geographic and The New York Times.
Noy Thrupkaew | Speaker | TED.com