ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mike Gil - Marine biologist
TED Fellow Mike Gil conducts field experiments and builds mathematical models to understand how marine ecosystems function.

Why you should listen

Marine biologist, National Geographic Explorer and TED Fellow Mike Gil conducts field experiments and builds mathematical models to understand how marine ecosystems function. This understanding, he says, is crucial for humankind to build a sustainable future. Gil has led research around the world: from coral reefs in the Caribbean, French Polynesia and Southeast Asia, to "microislands" of plastic garbage, teeming with life, in the middle of the Pacific. Currently, Gil uses novel multi-camera systems in the field combined with computer vision technology to explore, at an unprecedented scale and resolution, how coral reef fish behave, socialize and affect entire coral reef ecosystems. Gil's scientific discoveries and his often unorthodox approaches have garnered significant national and international media attention.

In addition to being a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of California, Davis, Gil is also an avid and award-winning science communicator. As a self-described "science-hater turned scientist" from humble beginnings, he is passionate about diversity and inclusion in STEM fields. To this end, Gil founded and runs the nonprofit SciAll.org, which uses free online videos to bring mass public audiences along for the adventures that come with a career in science. Through his research and outreach, Gil aims to deliver a timely message to humanity: science is exhilarating, accessible and in the service of all.

More profile about the speaker
Mike Gil | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2017

Mike Gil: Could fish social networks help us save coral reefs?

Filmed:
1,010,095 views

Mike Gil spies on fish: using novel multi-camera systems and computer vision technology, the TED Fellow and his colleagues explore how coral reef fish behave, socialize and affect their ecosystems. Learn more about how fish of different species communicate via social networks -- and what disrupting these networks might mean to the delicate ecology of reefs, which help feed millions of us and support the global economy.
- Marine biologist
TED Fellow Mike Gil conducts field experiments and builds mathematical models to understand how marine ecosystems function. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Who here is fascinated
by life under the sea?
0
1160
3680
00:18
Fantastic.
1
6960
1376
00:20
Now, what did we just do?
2
8360
1560
00:22
Let's dissect this for a second.
3
10760
1816
00:24
The simple action
of an individual raising a hand
4
12600
3496
00:28
led many others to do the same.
5
16120
1840
00:30
Now, it's true that when individuals
in a social network
6
18880
3336
00:34
have common priorities,
7
22240
1576
00:35
it's often beneficial to copy one another.
8
23840
2976
00:38
Think back to grade school and dressing
like the cool kids made you "cool."
9
26840
3856
00:42
But copying behavior
is also common in wild animals.
10
30720
3696
00:46
For example, some birds
copy the alarm calls of other birds
11
34440
3736
00:50
to spread information
about approaching predators.
12
38200
2800
00:53
But could copying behavior in wild animals
13
41920
3256
00:57
affect entire ecosystems
that we humans depend on?
14
45200
3640
01:02
I was led to this question
while studying coral reefs,
15
50040
2576
01:04
which support millions of people
through fisheries and tourism
16
52640
3496
01:08
here in Africa and around the world.
17
56160
2576
01:10
But coral reefs depend on fish
18
58760
3256
01:14
that perform a critical job
by eating algae.
19
62040
3080
01:17
Because if left unchecked,
20
65640
1256
01:18
these algae can kill coral
and take over entire coral reefs,
21
66920
3896
01:22
a costly change that is difficult
or impossible to reverse.
22
70840
4600
01:28
So to understand
how fish may prevent this,
23
76160
3016
01:31
I spy on them
24
79200
1936
01:33
while they're eating algae,
25
81160
2056
01:35
which can be difficult for them to do
26
83240
2056
01:37
in open parts of the reef
exposed to predators,
27
85320
3816
01:41
some of which, on rare occasion,
28
89160
1776
01:42
appear to realize I'm watching them.
29
90960
2400
01:45
(Laughter)
30
93880
4040
01:52
So clearly, clearly, for reef fish,
31
100280
3056
01:55
dining out can be scary.
32
103360
2336
01:57
But I wanted to understand
how these fish do their job
33
105720
2536
02:00
in risky situations.
34
108280
1576
02:01
So my colleagues and I
put massive video camera stands
35
109880
4256
02:06
in a coral reef
36
114160
1336
02:07
to remotely monitor entire feeding grounds
37
115520
2696
02:10
that produce a lot of algae
38
118240
1576
02:11
but are exposed to predators.
39
119840
2760
02:15
And this perspective from above
40
123560
2136
02:17
shows us the feeding behavior
and precise movements
41
125720
3496
02:21
of many different fish,
42
129240
1576
02:22
shown here with colored dots.
43
130840
1640
02:25
And by analyzing
thousands of fish movements
44
133240
2896
02:28
to and from feeding grounds,
45
136160
2216
02:30
we discovered a pattern.
46
138400
1600
02:32
These fish, despite being
from different species
47
140680
2656
02:35
and not swimming in schools,
48
143360
1816
02:37
were copying one another,
49
145200
2016
02:39
such that one fish entering
these dangerous feeding grounds
50
147240
3216
02:42
could lead many others to do the same.
51
150480
2400
02:45
And fish stayed for longer
and ate more algae
52
153320
2936
02:48
when they were surrounded
by more feeding fish.
53
156280
3016
02:51
Now, this could be happening
54
159320
1936
02:53
because even simple movements
by individual fish
55
161280
2576
02:55
can inadvertently communicate
vital information.
56
163880
3976
02:59
For example, if even one fish
sees a predator and flees,
57
167880
3976
03:03
this can alert many others to danger.
58
171880
2736
03:06
And a fish safely entering feeding grounds
can show others that the coast is clear.
59
174640
3920
03:11
So it turns out that even when
these fish are different species,
60
179320
4016
03:15
they are connected within social networks
61
183360
3616
03:19
which can provide information
on when it's safe to eat.
62
187000
3000
03:22
And our analyses indicate that fish simply
copying other fish in their social network
63
190840
4976
03:27
could account for over 60 percent
of the algae eaten by the fish community,
64
195840
5056
03:32
and thus could be critical
to the flow of energy and resources
65
200920
5016
03:37
through coral reef ecosystems.
66
205960
2000
03:40
But these findings also suggest
that overfishing,
67
208680
2576
03:43
a common problem in coral reefs,
68
211280
1976
03:45
not only removes fish,
69
213280
2456
03:47
but it could break up
the social network of remaining fish,
70
215760
3056
03:50
which may hide more and eat less algae
71
218840
2776
03:53
because they're missing
critical information.
72
221640
2536
03:56
And this would make coral reefs
more vulnerable than we currently predict.
73
224200
3960
04:02
So remarkably, fish social networks
74
230040
4336
04:06
allow the actions of one to spread to many
75
234400
2896
04:09
and could affect entire coral reefs,
76
237320
1936
04:11
which feed millions of us
77
239280
3256
04:14
and support the global economy
78
242560
1776
04:16
for all of us.
79
244360
1480
04:18
Now, our discovery
points us towards better ways
80
246440
2696
04:21
to sustainably manage coral reefs,
81
249160
2176
04:23
but it also shows us,
82
251360
1576
04:24
we humans are not just affected
by the actions of other humans,
83
252960
4176
04:29
but we could be affected
by the actions of individual fish
84
257160
2895
04:32
on a distant coral reef
85
260079
1777
04:33
through their simple copying behavior.
86
261880
2456
04:36
Thank you.
87
264360
1216
04:37
(Applause)
88
265600
4720

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mike Gil - Marine biologist
TED Fellow Mike Gil conducts field experiments and builds mathematical models to understand how marine ecosystems function.

Why you should listen

Marine biologist, National Geographic Explorer and TED Fellow Mike Gil conducts field experiments and builds mathematical models to understand how marine ecosystems function. This understanding, he says, is crucial for humankind to build a sustainable future. Gil has led research around the world: from coral reefs in the Caribbean, French Polynesia and Southeast Asia, to "microislands" of plastic garbage, teeming with life, in the middle of the Pacific. Currently, Gil uses novel multi-camera systems in the field combined with computer vision technology to explore, at an unprecedented scale and resolution, how coral reef fish behave, socialize and affect entire coral reef ecosystems. Gil's scientific discoveries and his often unorthodox approaches have garnered significant national and international media attention.

In addition to being a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of California, Davis, Gil is also an avid and award-winning science communicator. As a self-described "science-hater turned scientist" from humble beginnings, he is passionate about diversity and inclusion in STEM fields. To this end, Gil founded and runs the nonprofit SciAll.org, which uses free online videos to bring mass public audiences along for the adventures that come with a career in science. Through his research and outreach, Gil aims to deliver a timely message to humanity: science is exhilarating, accessible and in the service of all.

More profile about the speaker
Mike Gil | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

This site was created in May 2015 and the last update was on January 12, 2020. It will no longer be updated.

We are currently creating a new site called "eng.lish.video" and would be grateful if you could access it.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to write comments in your language on the contact form.

Privacy Policy

Developer's Blog

Buy Me A Coffee