TED2006
Helen Fisher: Why we love, why we cheat
Helen Fisher nos habla del porqué amamos y engañamos
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La antropóloga Helen Fisher aborda el delicado tema del amor explicando su evolución, sus fundamentos bioquímicos y su importancia social. Concluye su charla con una advertencia sobre el desastroso potencial inherente en el abuso de antidepresivos.
Helen Fisher - Anthropologist, expert on love
Anthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love. Full bio
Anthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Me gustaría hablar hoy de dos grandes tendencias sociales del siglo venidero
00:25
I'd like to talk today
about the two biggest social trends
about the two biggest social trends
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00:30
in the coming century,
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00:31
and perhaps in the next 10,000 years.
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y quizá de los próximos 10,000 años.
Voy a empezar con mi trabajo sobre el amor romántico
00:34
But I want to start
with my work on romantic love,
with my work on romantic love,
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00:38
because that's my most recent work.
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ya que es mi más reciente trabajo.
Lo que mis colegas y yo hicimos fue poner a 32 personas locamente enamoradas
00:41
What I and my colleagues did was put
32 people, who were madly in love,
32 people, who were madly in love,
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00:45
into a functional MRI brain scanner.
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en un escáner funcional IRM
De esas personas, 17 estaban locamente enamoradas y correspondidas
00:48
17 who were madly in love
and their love was accepted;
and their love was accepted;
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y 15 locamente enamoradas y despechadas.
00:51
and 15 who were madly in love
and they had just been dumped.
and they had just been dumped.
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Entonces hablaré sobre eso primero
00:54
And so I want to tell you
about that first,
about that first,
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y luego ahondaré sobre a dónde creo que se dirige el amor.
00:57
and then go on into where
I think love is going.
I think love is going.
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01:01
(Laughter)
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01:03
"What 'tis to love?" Shakespeare said.
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Shakespeare decía: "¿Qué es esto del amor?"
Creo que nuestros ancestros, los seres humanos se han estado haciendo esta pregunta
01:07
I think our ancestors --
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01:09
I think human beings have been
wondering about this question
wondering about this question
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desde hace un millón de años cuando se sentaron o tiraron alrededor de sus fogatas y miraban las estrellas.
01:13
since they sat around their campfires
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01:15
or lay and watched
the stars a million years ago.
the stars a million years ago.
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01:19
I started out by trying to figure out
what romantic love was
what romantic love was
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Mi intención inicial fue entender qué era el amor romántico
examinando los últimos 45 años de investigación en... sólo en investigación psicológica,
01:22
by looking at the last 45 years
of the psychological research
of the psychological research
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01:28
and as it turns out,
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y resulta que existe un grupo específico de cosas que ocurren cuando uno se enamora.
01:29
there's a very specific group of things
that happen when you fall in love.
that happen when you fall in love.
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La primero que sucede es lo que llamo cuando
01:34
The first thing that happens is,
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01:36
a person begins to take on
what I call, "special meaning."
what I call, "special meaning."
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una persona empieza a tomar "un significado especial."
Como alguna vez me dijo un camionero:
01:40
As a truck driver once said to me,
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"El mundo tiene un nuevo centro y ese centro se llama Mary Anne."
01:42
"The world had a new center,
and that center was Mary Anne."
and that center was Mary Anne."
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01:46
George Bernard Shaw said it differently.
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George Bernard Shaw lo dijo ligeramente diferente, dijo:
"El amor consiste en sobrestimar las diferencias entre una mujer y otra."
01:48
"Love consists of overestimating
the differences
the differences
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01:51
between one woman and another."
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Y en efecto eso es lo que hacemos (risas).
01:53
And indeed, that's what we do.
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01:55
(Laughter)
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01:58
And then you just focus on this person.
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Entonces enfocas tu atención en esta persona.
02:01
You can list what you
don't like about them,
don't like about them,
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Puedes enlistar lo que no te gusta de ellos,
pero entonces haces eso a un lado y te enfocas en lo que estás haciendo.
02:04
but then you sweep that aside
and focus on what you do.
and focus on what you do.
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02:07
As Chaucer said, "Love is blind."
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Como dijo Chaucer: "El amor es ciego."
02:11
In trying to understand romantic love,
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Al tratar de entender el amor romántico,
02:13
I decided I would read poetry
from all over the world,
from all over the world,
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decidí que leería poesía de todo el mundo,
02:16
and I just want to give
you one very short poem
you one very short poem
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así que quisiera recitarles un breve poema chino del siglo VIII,
02:19
from eighth-century China,
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porque es un ejemplo casi perfecto de un hombre que está totalmente enfocado en una mujer en particular.
02:20
because it's an almost perfect example
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02:22
of a man who is focused totally
on a particular woman.
on a particular woman.
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Es un poco parecido a cuando estás perdidamente enamorado de alguien
02:26
It's a little bit like when you are
madly in love with somebody
madly in love with somebody
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y caminas en el estacionamiento;
02:29
and you walk into a parking lot --
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su auto es diferente de los demás en el estacionamiento,
02:31
their car is different
from every other car in the parking lot.
from every other car in the parking lot.
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su copa de vino en la cena es diferente de cualquiera de las demás copas de la cena.
02:34
Their wine glass at dinner
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02:36
is different from every other wine glass
at the dinner party.
at the dinner party.
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02:39
And in this case, a man got hooked
on a bamboo sleeping mat.
on a bamboo sleeping mat.
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En este caso, el hombre se quedó prendado del tapete de bambú para dormir.
Y dice así, el hombre se llama Yuan Chen:
02:44
And it goes like this.
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It's by a guy called Yuan Zhen.
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"Es intolerable guardar el tapete de bambú para dormir,
02:48
"I cannot bear to put away
the bamboo sleeping mat.
the bamboo sleeping mat.
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cuando la noche que te traje a casa, te vi desenvolverlo."
02:51
The night I brought you home,
I watched you roll it out."
I watched you roll it out."
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Se quedó prendado del tapete de bambú,
02:55
He became hooked on a sleeping mat,
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probablemente a causa de la elevada actividad de la dopamina en su cerebro,
02:57
probably because of elevated activity
of dopamine in his brain,
of dopamine in his brain,
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al igual que ocurre con ustedes y conmigo.
03:00
just like with you and me.
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Como sea, esta persona no sólo cobra un significado especial,
03:02
But anyway, not only does this person
take on special meaning,
take on special meaning,
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uno enfoca su atención en ella.
03:05
you focus your attention on them.
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03:07
You aggrandize them.
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La engrandeces y tienes mucha energía.
03:09
But you have intense energy.
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Como dijo un polinesio: "Siento que estoy saltando en el cielo."
03:11
As one Polynesian said,
"I felt like jumping in the sky."
"I felt like jumping in the sky."
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Estás despierto toda la noche, caminas hasta el amanecer;
03:15
You're up all night.
You're walking till dawn.
You're walking till dawn.
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sientes una euforia intensa cuando las cosas van bien,
03:18
You feel intense elation
when things are going well;
when things are going well;
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el ánimo se vuelve una horrible desesperación cuando las cosas van mal,
03:21
mood swings into horrible despair
when things are going poorly.
when things are going poorly.
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se vuelve una verdadera dependencia de esta persona.
03:24
Real dependence on this person.
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Como me dijo un hombre de negocios neoyorquino: "Me gusta todo lo que a ella le gusta."
03:27
As one businessman in New York said to me,
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"Anything she liked, I liked."
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Simple, el amor romántico es muy simple.
03:32
Simple. Romantic love is very simple.
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03:35
You become extremely sexually possessive.
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Te vuelves sexualmente posesivo en extremo.
03:37
You know, if you're just sleeping
with somebody casually,
with somebody casually,
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Cuando tienes sexo casual con alguien…
03:40
you don't really care
if they're sleeping with somebody else.
if they're sleeping with somebody else.
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no te importa si se está acostando con alguien más.
Pero en el momento en que te enamoras,
03:43
But the moment you fall in love,
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te vuelves sexualmente posesivo en extremo de ellos.
03:45
you become extremely
sexually possessive of them.
sexually possessive of them.
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Yo pienso que esto tiene un propósito darwiniano.
03:47
I think there's a Darwinian
purpose to this.
purpose to this.
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03:50
The whole point of this
is to pull two people together
is to pull two people together
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El meollo de esto es unir a dos personas con la
fuerza suficiente para empezar a criar bebés en equipo.
03:53
strongly enough to begin
to rear babies as a team.
to rear babies as a team.
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03:57
But the main characteristics
of romantic love are craving:
of romantic love are craving:
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Las características principales del amor romántico son ansia:
04:00
an intense craving
to be with a particular person,
to be with a particular person,
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un ansia intensa de estar con una persona en particular, no sólo en lo sexual, también en lo emocional.
04:04
not just sexually, but emotionally.
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04:06
It would be nice to go to bed with them,
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Preferirías... estaría bien ir a la cama juntos,
pero lo que quieres es que te llame, te invite a salir, etcétera.
04:10
but you want them to call you
on the telephone, to invite you out, etc.,
on the telephone, to invite you out, etc.,
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04:14
to tell you that they love you.
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Que te diga que te ama.
04:17
The other main characteristic
is motivation.
is motivation.
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La otra característica principal es la motivación,
el motor de tu cerebro empieza a arrancar y quieres a esa persona.
04:22
The motor in the brain begins to crank,
and you want this person.
and you want this person.
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04:25
And last but not least,
it is an obsession.
it is an obsession.
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Por último, pero no por eso menos importante, es una obsesión.
Antes de poner a estas personas en la máquina IRM,
04:28
Before I put these people
in the MRI machine,
in the MRI machine,
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04:32
I would ask them all kinds of questions.
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les hago todo tipo de preguntas;
04:34
But my most important question
was always the same.
was always the same.
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pero mi pregunta más importante es siempre la misma:
"¿qué porcentaje del día y la noche piensas en esa persona?"
04:37
It was: "What percentage of the day
and night do you think about this person?"
and night do you think about this person?"
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Y en efecto contestan: "Todo el día, toda la noche, no dejo de pensar en él o ella."
04:42
And indeed, they would say,
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"All day. All night.
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I can never stop thinking
about him or her."
about him or her."
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04:49
And then, the very last question --
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Entonces la pregunta final que les hago,
04:51
I would always have to work
myself up to this question,
myself up to this question,
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siempre me tengo que preparar para esta pregunta,
ya que no soy psicóloga
04:54
because I'm not a psychologist.
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no trabajo con gente que tenga cualquier trauma.
04:55
I don't work with people
in any kind of traumatic situation.
in any kind of traumatic situation.
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Y mi pregunta final, que siempre es la misma, es:
04:59
My final question was always the same.
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"¿Morirías por él o por ella?"
05:01
I would say,
"Would you die for him or her?"
"Would you die for him or her?"
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Y de hecho contestan con un "¡Sí!"
05:04
And, indeed, these people would say "Yes!"
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como si hubiera pedido que me pasaran la sal.
05:06
as if I had asked them to pass the salt.
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Simplemente me deja estupefacta.
05:08
I was just staggered by it.
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05:12
So we scanned their brains,
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Entonces escaneamos sus cerebros, cuando miran la foto de sus enamorados y luego una foto neutral,
05:15
looking at a photograph
of their sweetheart
of their sweetheart
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05:17
and looking at a neutral photograph,
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con una tarea de distracción de por medio.
05:18
with a distraction task in between.
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Pudimos hallar… viendo el mismo cerebro en su estado exaltado
05:20
So we could look at the same brain
when it was in that heightened state
when it was in that heightened state
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05:25
and when it was in a resting state.
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y en su estado en reposo,
hallamos actividad en muchas regiones del cerebro.
05:28
And we found activity
in a lot of brain regions.
in a lot of brain regions.
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De hecho, una de las más importantes fue una región cerebral
05:30
In fact, one of the most important
was a brain region
was a brain region
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que se activa cuando sientes el subidón de la cocaína.
05:33
that becomes active
when you feel the rush of cocaine.
when you feel the rush of cocaine.
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Y de hecho eso es exactamente lo que sucede.
05:37
And indeed, that's exactly what happens.
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05:40
I began to realize that romantic love
is not an emotion.
is not an emotion.
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Empecé a darme cuenta que el amor romántico no es una emoción,
es más, siempre había pensado que era una serie de emociones,
05:45
In fact, I had always thought
it was a series of emotions,
it was a series of emotions,
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de muy intensas a muy bajas.
05:47
from very high to very low.
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05:49
But actually, it's a drive.
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Pero en realidad es un impulso, originado en el motor de la mente,
05:51
It comes from the motor of the mind,
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05:53
the wanting part of the mind,
the craving part of the mind.
the craving part of the mind.
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de la parte de la mente que desea, que ansía.
El tipo de mente, la parte de la mente,
05:57
The kind of part of the mind
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05:58
when you're reaching
for that piece of chocolate,
for that piece of chocolate,
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como cuando tomas esa pieza de chocolate,
cuando quieres ganar una promoción en el trabajo.
06:01
when you want to win
that promotion at work.
that promotion at work.
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El motor de la mente. Es un impulso.
06:05
The motor of the brain.
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06:07
It's a drive.
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06:08
And in fact, I think it's more powerful
than the sex drive.
than the sex drive.
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De hecho pienso que es más poderoso que el impulso sexual.
Cuando le preguntas a alguien si se acostaría contigo y te dicen: "No, gracias,"
06:11
You know, if you ask somebody
to go to bed with you,
to go to bed with you,
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06:14
and they say, "No, thank you,"
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ciertamente no te suicidas y no te hundes en una depresión clínica.
06:15
you certainly don't kill yourself
or slip into a clinical depression.
or slip into a clinical depression.
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Pero ciertamente, en todo el mundo, la gente despechada mataría por amor.
06:19
But certainly, around the world,
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06:22
people who are rejected
in love will kill for it.
in love will kill for it.
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La gente vive por amor, mata por amor, muere por amor,
06:27
People live for love.
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06:28
They kill for love.
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06:29
They die for love.
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06:31
They have songs, poems, novels,
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hay canciones, poemas, novelas, esculturas, pinturas, mitos y leyendas.
06:34
sculptures, paintings, myths, legends.
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En más de 175 sociedades, la gente ha dejado evidencias de este poderoso sistema cerebral.
06:38
In over 175 societies,
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people have left their evidence
of this powerful brain system.
of this powerful brain system.
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He llegado a pensar que es uno de los sistemas cerebrales más poderosos en la Tierra
06:45
I have come to think
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06:46
it's one of the most powerful
brain systems on Earth
brain systems on Earth
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tanto para nuestro júbilo como para nuestra desgracia.
06:49
for both great joy and great sorrow.
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Y he llegado a pensar que es uno de los tres
06:52
And I've also come to think
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06:53
that it's one of three
basically different brain systems
basically different brain systems
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sistemas cerebrales básicamente diferentes que evolucionaron del apareamiento y la reproducción.
06:57
that evolved from mating and reproduction.
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Uno es el impulso sexual, el deseo de gratificación sexual.
06:59
One is the sex drive:
the craving for sexual gratification.
the craving for sexual gratification.
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07:03
W.H. Auden called it
an "intolerable neural itch,"
an "intolerable neural itch,"
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W.H. Auden la llamó "la comezón neural intolerable,"
07:06
and indeed, that's what it is.
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y en efecto eso es.
Te molesta un poco todo el tiempo, como tener hambre.
07:09
It keeps bothering you
a little bit, like being hungry.
a little bit, like being hungry.
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El segundo de estos tres sistemas cerebrales es el amor romántico:
07:13
The second of these three brain
systems is romantic love:
systems is romantic love:
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07:16
that elation, obsession of early love.
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esa euforia, esa obsesión del amor fresco.
07:18
And the third brain system is attachment:
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Y el tercer sistema cerebral es el apego:
la sensación de calma y seguridad que puedes sentir con una pareja a largo plazo.
07:21
that sense of calm and security
you can feel for a long-term partner.
you can feel for a long-term partner.
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07:25
And I think that the sex drive
evolved to get you out there,
evolved to get you out there,
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Y creo que el impulso sexual evolucionó para llevarnos ahí,
buscando toda una gama de parejas.
07:28
looking for a whole range of partners.
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Puedes sentirlo cuando estás manejando tu auto.
07:30
You can feel it when you're just
driving along in your car.
driving along in your car.
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Puede enfocarse en nadie.
07:33
It can be focused on nobody.
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Creo que el amor romántico evolucionó para permitirte enfocar tu energía de apareamiento
07:35
I think romantic love evolved
to enable you to focus your mating energy
to enable you to focus your mating energy
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07:38
on just one individual at a time,
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en un solo individuo a la vez,
07:40
thereby conserving mating time and energy.
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y de esa forma conservar tiempo y energía de apareamiento.
07:43
And I think that attachment,
the third brain system,
the third brain system,
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Y creo que el apego, el tercer sistema cerebral,
evolucionó para permitirte tolerar a ese ser humano (risas),
07:46
evolved to enable you to tolerate
this human being
this human being
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07:49
at least long enough to raise
a child together as a team.
a child together as a team.
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al menos el tiempo suficiente para criar a un niño juntos en equipo.
07:55
So with that preamble,
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Con base a este preámbulo, quisiera discutir las dos tendencias sociales más profundas.
07:57
I want to go into discussing
the two most profound social trends.
the two most profound social trends.
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08:03
One of the last 10,000 years
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Una de los últimos 10,000 años y la otra, ciertamente de los últimos 25 años,
08:06
and the other,
certainly of the last 25 years,
certainly of the last 25 years,
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que van a tener un impacto en estos tres distintos sistemas cerebrales:
08:10
that are going to have an impact
on these three different brain systems:
on these three different brain systems:
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la lujuria, el amor romántico y el apego profundo a una pareja.
08:15
lust, romantic love
and deep attachment to a partner.
and deep attachment to a partner.
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La primera es la mujer trabajadora, entrando a la fuerza de trabajo.
08:19
The first is women working,
moving into the workforce.
moving into the workforce.
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He analizado a 150... 130 sociedades usando los anuarios demográficos de las Naciones Unidas,
08:26
I've looked at 130 societies
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08:29
through the demographic yearbooks
of the United Nations.
of the United Nations.
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y en todas partes, en 129 de las 130, las mujeres no sólo están entrando al mercado del trabajo,
08:31
Everywhere in the world,
129 out of 130 of them,
129 out of 130 of them,
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08:36
women are not only moving
into the job market --
into the job market --
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08:38
sometimes very, very slowly,
but they are moving into the job market --
but they are moving into the job market --
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a veces muy lentamente, pero están entrando al mercado de trabajo,
08:42
and they are very slowly closing
that gap between men and women
that gap between men and women
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y cerrando lentamente la brecha entre hombres y mujeres
08:46
in terms of economic power,
health and education.
health and education.
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en términos de poder económico, salud y educación.
Muy lentamente.
08:50
It's very slow.
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08:51
For every trend on this planet,
there's a counter-trend.
there's a counter-trend.
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Por cada tendencia en el planeta, existe una contra tendencia.
08:54
We all know of them, but nevertheless --
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Todos lo sabemos, pero... hay un antigua dicho árabe que dice:
08:57
the Arabs say, "The dogs may bark,
but the caravan moves on."
but the caravan moves on."
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"Los perros ladran pero las caravanas siguen avanzando"
y en efecto la caravana avanza.
09:03
And, indeed, that caravan is moving on.
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Las mujeres están regresando al mercado de trabajo,
09:05
Women are moving back into the job market.
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y digo regresando al mercado de trabajo, porque esto no es nuevo.
09:08
And I say back into the job market,
because this is not new.
because this is not new.
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Durante millones de años, en los pastizales de África,
09:12
For millions of years,
on the grasslands of Africa,
on the grasslands of Africa,
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cuando las mujeres todo los días recolectaban sus verduras
09:15
women commuted to work
to gather their vegetables.
to gather their vegetables.
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llegaban a casa con el 60 u 80 por ciento de la cena.
09:18
They came home with 60 to 80 percent
of the evening meal.
of the evening meal.
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09:22
The double income family was the standard.
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La familia con doble ingreso era estándar,
09:25
And women were regarded
as just as economically,
as just as economically,
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y a las mujeres se les consideraba igual de poderosas que los hombres en lo sexual, en lo social y lo económico
09:29
socially and sexually powerful as men.
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09:32
In short, we're really
moving forward to the past.
moving forward to the past.
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En resumen, estamos avanzando hacia el pasado.
Por tanto, el peor invento de la mujer fue el arado.
09:37
Then, women's worst
invention was the plow.
invention was the plow.
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Con el inicio de la agricultura usando arado, el rol del hombre se volvió poderoso en extremo.
09:42
With the beginning of plow agriculture,
men's roles became extremely powerful.
men's roles became extremely powerful.
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Las mujeres perdieron sus antiguos trabajos como recolectoras,
09:46
Women lost their ancient
jobs as collectors,
jobs as collectors,
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pero entonces con las revoluciones industrial y postindustrial
09:50
but then with the industrial revolution
and the post-industrial revolution
and the post-industrial revolution
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están regresando al mercado laboral.
09:54
they're moving back into the job market.
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1943
En resumen, están adquiriendo el estatus que tenían hace un millón de años,
09:56
In short, they are acquiring the status
that they had a million years ago,
that they had a million years ago,
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hace 10,000 años, hace 100,000 años.
10:01
10,000 years ago, 100,000 years ago.
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10:04
We are seeing now one
of the most remarkable traditions
of the most remarkable traditions
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Estamos viendo una de las tradiciones más notables en la historia del animal humano
10:09
in the history of the human animal.
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y va a tener un impacto.
10:13
And it's going to have an impact.
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En general doy una conferencia completa sobre el impacto de la mujer en la comunidad de negocios,
10:15
I generally give a whole lecture
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10:16
on the impact of women
on the business community.
on the business community.
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aquí sólo diré un par de cosas, y pasaré al sexo y al amor.
10:18
I'll say just a couple of things,
and then go on to sex and love.
and then go on to sex and love.
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Existen muchas diferencias de género,
10:22
There's a lot of gender differences;
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cualquiera que piense que hombres y mujeres son iguales simplemente nunca ha tenido un hijo y una hija.
10:23
anybody who thinks men and women are alike
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10:26
simply never had a boy and a girl child.
199
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1942
No sé porqué quieren pensar esto de que los hombres y las mujeres son iguales.
10:28
I don't know why they want to think
that men and women are alike.
that men and women are alike.
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Hay mucho en común, pero hay todo un montón de cosas que
10:31
There's much we have in common,
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1523
10:32
but there's a whole lot
that we do not have in common.
that we do not have in common.
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no tienen en común.
10:35
We are -- in the words of Ted Hughes,
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1976
Somos, en palabras de Ted Hughes:
10:37
"I think that we are like two feet.
We need each other to get ahead."
We need each other to get ahead."
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"Creo que fuimos hechos para ser como dos pies, nos necesitamos mutuamente para salir adelante."
Pero no evolucionamos para tener el mismo cerebro.
10:42
But we did not evolve
to have the same brain.
to have the same brain.
205
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10:45
And we're finding more and more
gender differences in the brain.
gender differences in the brain.
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Y cada vez encontramos más y más diferencias de género en el cerebro.
Mencionaré unas cuantas para continuar con el sexo y el amor.
10:49
I'll only just use a couple
and then move on to sex and love.
and then move on to sex and love.
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10:52
One of them is women's verbal ability.
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Una de ellas es la habilidad verbal de la mujer, las mujeres sí que pueden hablar.
10:54
Women can talk.
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1221
10:55
Women's ability to find the right word
rapidly, basic articulation
rapidly, basic articulation
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La habilidad de la mujer para encontrar la palabra correcta rápidamente, la articulación básica
10:59
goes up in the middle
of the menstrual cycle,
of the menstrual cycle,
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sube a la mitad del ciclo menstrual, cuando los niveles de estrógeno alcanzan su pico;
11:02
when estrogen levels peak.
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aunque incluso en la menstruación, son mejores que el hombre promedio.
11:03
But even at menstruation,
they're better than the average man.
they're better than the average man.
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Las mujeres sí que pueden hablar.
11:07
Women can talk.
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cambio*: Lo han hecho por un millón de años, las palabras fueron herramientas de la mujer.
11:09
They've been doing it for a million years;
words were women's tools.
words were women's tools.
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3321
11:12
They held that baby
in front of their face,
in front of their face,
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Sostuvieron a ese bebé enfrente de su cara,
halagándolo, reprimiéndolo, educándolo con palabras;
11:14
cajoling it, reprimanding it,
educating it with words.
educating it with words.
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y en efecto, se convierten en una fuerza muy poderosa.
11:18
And, indeed, they're becoming
a very powerful force.
a very powerful force.
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3032
11:21
Even in places like India and Japan,
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Incluso en lugares como la India y Japón,
donde las mujeres no están entrando rápidamente al mercado laboral normal,
11:27
where women are not moving rapidly
into the regular job market,
into the regular job market,
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11:30
they're moving into journalism.
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1833
están ingresando al periodismo.
11:32
And I think that the television
is like the global campfire.
is like the global campfire.
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4437
Y creo que la televisión es como una fogata global,
11:36
We sit around it and it shapes our minds.
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nos sentamos alrededor de ella y moldea nuestras mentes.
11:40
Almost always, when I'm on TV,
the producer who calls me,
the producer who calls me,
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4084
Casi siempre, cuando estoy en la tele, los productores que me llaman
para negociar lo que voy a decir, son mujeres.
11:44
who negotiates what we're going to say,
225
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2143
11:47
is a woman.
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1055
Es más, alguna vez Solzhenitsyn dijo:
11:48
In fact, Solzhenitsyn once said,
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2658
"Tener un gran escritor es tener otro gobierno."
11:50
"To have a great writer
is to have another government."
is to have another government."
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3154
Hoy en día 54% de los escritores en Estados Unidos son mujeres.
11:54
Today 54 percent of people
who are writers in America are women.
who are writers in America are women.
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4587
Esta es una de muchísimas características que las mujeres tienen
11:59
It's one of many,
many characteristics that women have
many characteristics that women have
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2673
que llevarán al mercado laboral.
12:02
that they will bring into the job market.
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2280
Tienen habilidades increíbles, dotes de negociación,
12:04
They've got incredible people skills,
negotiating skills.
negotiating skills.
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4127
son altamente imaginativas.
12:09
They're highly imaginative.
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1666
12:10
We now know the brain circuitry
of imagination, of long-term planning.
of imagination, of long-term planning.
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4579
Hoy conocemos la circuitería cerebral de la imaginación, de la planeación a largo plazo;
tienden a los pensamientos interconectados,
12:15
They tend to be web thinkers.
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2120
12:17
Because the female parts
of the brain are better connected,
of the brain are better connected,
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2785
porque las partes del cerebro femenino están mejor conectadas,
tienden a reunir más piezas de información cuando piensan,
12:20
they tend to collect more
pieces of data when they think,
pieces of data when they think,
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3174
los ponen en patrones más complejos, ven más opciones y consecuencias.
12:23
put them into more complex patterns,
see more options and outcomes.
see more options and outcomes.
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4703
Tienden a ser contextuales, holísticas, lo que llamo pensadoras en red.
12:28
They tend to be contextual,
holistic thinkers,
holistic thinkers,
239
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3706
12:32
what I call web thinkers.
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1540
12:33
Men tend to -- and these are averages --
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2005
Los hombres tienden, en promedio, a desechar lo que consideran superfluo,
12:35
tend to get rid of what they regard
as extraneous,
as extraneous,
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730804
2659
se enfocan en lo que hacen y se mueven en un patrón de pensamiento en pasos.
12:38
focus on what they do,
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733487
1385
12:39
and move in a more
step-by-step thinking pattern.
step-by-step thinking pattern.
244
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5926
Ambas son formas de pensamiento perfectamente aceptables,
12:45
They're both perfectly good
ways of thinking.
ways of thinking.
245
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2102
necesitamos ambas para seguir adelante.
12:48
We need both of them to get ahead.
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2232
12:50
In fact, there's many more
male geniuses in the world.
male geniuses in the world.
247
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3423
De hecho, existen más genios hombres en el mundo.
12:53
And there's also many more
male idiots in the world.
male idiots in the world.
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2721
Cuando…bueno también hay más idiotas hombres en el mundo (risas).
12:56
(Laughter)
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1726
Cuando el cerebro masculino funciona bien, funciona extremadamente bien;
12:58
When the male brain works well,
it works extremely well.
it works extremely well.
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3182
y lo que creo que estamos haciendo es movernos hacia una sociedad colaborativa,
13:01
And what I really think
that we're doing is,
that we're doing is,
251
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3334
13:04
we're moving towards
a collaborative society,
a collaborative society,
252
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2286
una sociedad en la que los talentos tanto de hombres y mujeres se están empezando
13:07
a society in which the talents
of both men and women
of both men and women
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2802
13:09
are becoming understood
and valued and employed.
and valued and employed.
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3781
a entender, valorar y emplear.
13:13
But in fact, women moving
into the job market
into the job market
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2763
De hecho, la entrada de la mujer al mercado de trabajo está teniendo un enorme
13:16
is having a huge impact
on sex and romance and family life.
on sex and romance and family life.
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5110
impacto en el sexo, el romance y la vida familiar.
Antes que nada, las mujeres están empezando a expresar su sexualidad.
13:22
Foremost, women are starting
to express their sexuality.
to express their sexuality.
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5084
13:27
I'm always astonished
when people come to me and say,
when people come to me and say,
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2626
Siempre me sorprende cuando la gente viene y me pregunta:
¿por qué los hombres son tan adúlteros?
13:30
"Why is it that men are so adulterous?"
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2318
Les digo: "¿por qué creen que los hombres son más adúlteros que las mujeres?"
13:32
"Why do you think
more men are adulterous than women?"
more men are adulterous than women?"
260
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2713
"Bueno ¡porque los hombres son más adúlteros!"
13:35
"Well, men are more adulterous!"
261
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1571
Les digo: "¿con quién creen que estos hombres se acuestan?"
13:36
And I say, "Who do you think
these men are sleeping with?"
these men are sleeping with?"
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2938
¡Es aritmética elemental! (Risas)
13:39
(Laughter)
263
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1404
13:41
And -- basic math!
264
796430
1728
Como sea,
13:42
Anyway.
265
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1174
en el mundo occidental, las jovencitas empiezan…
13:44
In the Western world,
266
799380
3596
13:47
women start sooner at sex,
have more partners,
have more partners,
267
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2976
las mujeres despiertan más temprano al sexo, tienen más parejas,
13:50
express less remorse
for the partners that they do,
for the partners that they do,
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2885
expresan menos remordimiento que sus parejas,
13:53
marry later, have fewer children,
269
808909
2682
se casan más tarde, tienen menos hijos, dejan malos matrimonios por tener buenos.
13:56
leave bad marriages
in order to get good ones.
in order to get good ones.
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2905
13:59
We are seeing the rise
of female sexual expression.
of female sexual expression.
271
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3979
Estamos viendo el surgimiento de la expresión sexual femenina.
De hecho, una vez más nos estamos moviendo hacia el tipo de expresión sexual
14:03
And, indeed, once again we're moving
forward to the kind of sexual expression
forward to the kind of sexual expression
272
818547
4721
que probablemente se vio en los pastizales africanos hace un millón de años,
14:08
that we probably saw on the grasslands
of Africa a million years ago,
of Africa a million years ago,
273
823292
3684
14:11
because this is the kind
of sexual expression that we see
of sexual expression that we see
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827000
2976
porque este es el tipo de expresión sexual que vemos
14:14
in hunting and gathering societies today.
275
830000
2258
en las sociedades recolectoras y cazadoras de la actualidad.
14:17
We're also returning
to an ancient form of marriage equality.
to an ancient form of marriage equality.
276
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3976
También estamos volviendo a una forma antigua de igualdad matrimonial,
Ahora dicen que el siglo XXI va a ser
14:22
They're now saying that the 21st century
277
837420
4556
14:26
is going to be the century of what
they call the "symmetrical marriage,"
they call the "symmetrical marriage,"
278
842000
3976
el siglo de lo que llaman "el matrimonio simétrico"
14:30
or the "pure marriage,"
or the "companionate marriage."
or the "companionate marriage."
279
846000
5384
ó el "matrimonio puro" o el "matrimonio amigable."
Este es el matrimonio entre iguales moviéndose hacia
14:36
This is a marriage between equals,
280
851408
3568
14:39
moving forward to a pattern
281
855000
2443
un patrón que es altamente compatible con el antiguo espíritu humano.
14:42
that is highly compatible
with the ancient human spirit.
with the ancient human spirit.
282
857467
3134
14:46
We're also seeing a rise of romantic love.
283
861775
2539
También estamos viendo un crecimiento en el amor romántico,
14:49
91 percent of American women
and 86 percent of American men
and 86 percent of American men
284
864786
4226
91 por ciento de las estadounidenses y 86 por ciento de los estadounidenses
no se casarían con una pareja aunque tuviera todas las cualidades que buscan
14:53
would not marry somebody
who had every single quality
who had every single quality
285
869036
4603
14:58
they were looking for in a partner,
286
873663
1816
si no estuvieran enamorados de la persona.
15:00
if they were not in love with that person.
287
875503
2763
La gente alrededor del mundo, en un estudio de 37 sociedades
15:03
People around the world,
in a study of 37 societies,
in a study of 37 societies,
288
878290
3519
quiere estar enamorada de la persona con la que se casan.
15:06
want to be in love
with the person that they marry.
with the person that they marry.
289
881833
3637
En efecto, los matrimonios arreglados van de salida de la vida humana,
15:10
Indeed, arranged marriages are
on their way off this braid of human life.
on their way off this braid of human life.
290
885946
6054
15:20
I even think that marriages
might even become more stable
might even become more stable
291
895618
2794
incluso creo que los matrimonios se pueden volver más estables
debido a la segunda gran tendencia mundial.
15:23
because of the second great world trend.
292
898436
3754
La primera es las mujeres entrando al mercado laboral,
15:27
The first one being women
moving into the job market,
moving into the job market,
293
902214
2762
15:29
the second one being
the aging world population.
the aging world population.
294
905000
2850
la segunda el envejecimiento de la población mundial.
15:32
They're now saying that in America,
295
907874
2427
Dicen que ahora en los Estados Unidos,
los 85 años deberían ser considerados como la mediana edad,
15:35
that middle age should be regarded
as up to age 85.
as up to age 85.
296
910325
3651
porque en la parte alta de la categoría de 76 a 85 solamente…
15:39
Because in that highest
age category of 76 to 85,
age category of 76 to 85,
297
914642
4879
tanto como el 40 por ciento de la gente no tiene ningún problema.
15:44
as much as 40 percent of people
have nothing really wrong with them.
have nothing really wrong with them.
298
919545
3431
15:47
So we're seeing there's a real
extension of middle age.
extension of middle age.
299
923000
3382
Así que estamos viendo una verdadera extensión de la mediana edad,
15:51
For one of my books,
I looked at divorce data in 58 societies.
I looked at divorce data in 58 societies.
300
926714
5262
y para uno de mis libros, examiné los datos de divorcio de 58 sociedades.
15:56
And as it turns out, the older you get,
the less likely you are to divorce.
the less likely you are to divorce.
301
932000
4231
Y resulta que, entre más viejo eres, es menos probable que te divorcies.
Entonces la tasa de divorcio en la actualidad es estable en los Estados Unidos
16:01
So the divorce rate right now
is stable in America,
is stable in America,
302
936596
3601
y de hecho ha empezado a declinar
16:05
and it's actually beginning to decline.
303
940221
2334
16:07
It may decline some more.
304
942579
1602
Y quizás decline más.
Incluso agregaría que con el Viagra, el reemplazo de estrógenos, reemplazo de caderas
16:11
I would even say that with Viagra,
305
947133
3999
16:15
estrogen replacement, hip replacements
306
951156
3815
y las increíblemente interesantes mujeres,
16:19
and the incredibly interesting women
307
954995
1981
16:21
-- women have never been
as interesting as they are now.
as interesting as they are now.
308
957000
3105
las mujeres nunca habían sido tan interesantes como ahora;
en ninguna época en este planeta, las mujeres han sido tan educadas, tan interesantes, tan capaces.
16:24
Not at any time on this planet
have women been so educated,
have women been so educated,
309
960129
3458
16:28
so interesting, so capable.
310
963611
1947
Honestamente pienso que si en verdad hubo una época en la evolución humana
16:30
And so I honestly think that if there
really was ever a time in human evolution
really was ever a time in human evolution
311
965962
5379
en que pudiéramos tener buenos matrimonios, esa época es el presente.
16:36
when we have the opportunity to make
good marriages, that time is now.
good marriages, that time is now.
312
971365
3865
16:41
However, there's always kinds
of complications in this.
of complications in this.
313
976516
3201
Sin embargo, no faltan cierto tipo de complicaciones en esto.
Estos tres sistemas cerebrales: lujuria, amor romántico y apego
16:44
These three brain systems
-- lust, romantic love and attachment --
-- lust, romantic love and attachment --
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no siempre van de la mano,
16:49
don't always go together.
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pueden hacerlo, por cierto.
16:50
They can go together, by the way.
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Por eso el sexo casual no es tan casual,
16:52
That's why casual sex isn't so casual.
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con un orgasmo obtienes un pico de dopamina;
16:54
With orgasm you get a spike of dopamine.
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la dopamina está asociada con el amor romántico,
16:56
Dopamine's associated with romantic love,
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y puedes terminar enamorándote de la persona con quien tuviste sexo casual.
16:58
and you can just
fall in love with somebody
fall in love with somebody
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17:00
who you're just having casual sex with.
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Con el orgasmo, entonces tienes una inyección de oxitocina y vasopresina,
17:02
With orgasm, then you get a real rush
of oxytocin and vasopressin --
of oxytocin and vasopressin --
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que están asociados con el apego.
17:06
those are associated with attachment.
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Es por eso que sientes tal sensación de unión cósmica con alguien
17:08
This is why you can feel such a sense
of cosmic union with somebody
of cosmic union with somebody
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después de hacer el amor con la persona.
17:12
after you've made love to them.
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Pero estos tres sistemas cerebrales: lujuria, amor romántico y apego
17:14
But these three brain systems:
lust, romantic love and attachment,
lust, romantic love and attachment,
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17:18
aren't always connected to each other.
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no siempre están conectados entre sí.
17:21
You can feel deep attachment
to a long-term partner
to a long-term partner
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Puedes sentir un fuerte apego a una pareja de largo tiempo
y sentir un intenso amor romántico por otra persona,
17:25
while you feel intense
romantic love for somebody else,
romantic love for somebody else,
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mientras sientes deseo sexual por gente que no tiene que ver con estas otras parejas.
17:29
while you feel the sex drive for people
unrelated to these other partners.
unrelated to these other partners.
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En resumen, somos capaces de amar a más de una persona al mismo tiempo.
17:35
In short, we're capable of loving
more than one person at a time.
more than one person at a time.
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De hecho, te puedes acostar en la cama en la noche
17:40
In fact, you can lie in bed at night
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y oscilar de sentimientos profundos de apego por una persona
17:42
and swing from deep feelings
of attachment for one person
of attachment for one person
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3246
17:45
to deep feelings
of romantic love for somebody else.
of romantic love for somebody else.
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a sentimientos profundos de amor romántico por otra.
Como si tuvieras una reunión de comité en tu cabeza,
17:49
It's as if there's a committee meeting
going on in your head
going on in your head
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como si trataras de decidir qué hacer.
17:52
as you are trying to decide what to do.
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Por eso no creo, honestamente, que seamos un animal hecho para ser feliz;
17:55
So I don't think, honestly,
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17:56
we're an animal
that was built to be happy;
that was built to be happy;
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somos un animal hecho para reproducirse.
17:59
we are an animal
that was built to reproduce.
that was built to reproduce.
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Pienso que la felicidad que encontramos, la hacemos
18:01
I think the happiness we find, we make.
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18:04
And I think, however,
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y sin embargo pienso que podemos tener buenas relaciones entre nosotros.
18:07
we can make good relationships
with each other.
with each other.
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18:10
So I want to conclude with two things.
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Entonces concluyo con dos cosas:
quiero concluir con una preocupación,
18:12
I want to conclude with a worry,
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tengo una preocupación que ilustraré con una historia maravillosa
18:15
and with a wonderful story.
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La preocupación son los antidepresivos
18:19
The worry is about antidepressants.
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2689
En los Estados Unidos cada año se expiden más de 100 millones de recetas de antidepresivos,
18:23
Over 100 million prescriptions
of antidepressants
of antidepressants
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5132
18:28
are written every year
in the United States.
in the United States.
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y estas drogas van a ser genéricas.
18:31
And these drugs are going generic.
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18:34
They are seeping around the world.
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2483
Están permeando alrededor del mundo.
Conozco una niña que ha estado bajo antidepresivos, estimulantes de serotonina,
18:37
I know one girl who's been
on these antidepressants,
on these antidepressants,
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5233
18:42
SSRIs, serotonin-enhancing
antidepressants -- since she was 13.
antidepressants -- since she was 13.
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3976
antidepresivos estimulantes de serotonina desde los 13 años.
18:46
She's 23. She's been on them
ever since she was 13.
ever since she was 13.
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2976
Tiene 23 y los ha tomado desde que tenía 13 años.
18:49
I've got nothing against people
who take them short term,
who take them short term,
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3516
No tengo nada en contra de las personas que lo toman por una corta temporada
18:53
when they're going
through something horrible.
through something horrible.
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2223
cuando están pasando por un momento terrible.
18:55
They want to commit suicide
or kill somebody else.
or kill somebody else.
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2355
Cuando quieren suicidarse o matar a alguien;
lo recomendaría.
18:57
I would recommend it.
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1068
Pero cada vez más gente en los Estados Unidos las tomas por largo tiempo,
18:59
But more and more people
in the United States
in the United States
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1114258
2459
19:01
are taking them long term.
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1116741
2384
y en efecto, están drogas elevan los niveles de serotonina,
19:03
And indeed, what these drugs do
is raise levels of serotonin.
is raise levels of serotonin.
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1119149
5365
los cuales al subir, suprimen el circuito de la dopamina.
19:09
And by raising levels of serotonin,
you suppress the dopamine circuit.
you suppress the dopamine circuit.
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1124974
4821
19:14
Everybody knows that.
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1129819
1562
Todo mundo lo sabe,
19:16
Dopamine is associated with romantic love.
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1131944
2895
la dopamina está asociada al amor romántico.
19:21
Not only do they suppress
the dopamine circuit,
the dopamine circuit,
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3150
No sólo suprime el circuito de la dopamina, sino que mata el deseo sexual.
19:24
but they kill the sex drive.
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1139801
1867
Y cuando matas el deseo sexual, matas al orgasmo,
19:27
And when you kill the sex drive,
you kill orgasm.
you kill orgasm.
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3824
y si matas el orgasmo, matas el flujo de drogas asociadas con el apego.
19:30
And when you kill orgasm,
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1146164
1191
19:32
you kill that flood of drugs
associated with attachment.
associated with attachment.
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1147379
3867
Estas cosas están conectadas en el cerebro
19:36
The things are connected in the brain.
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2264
19:38
And when you tamper with one brain system,
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2656
y cuando interfieres con un sistema cerebral,
vas a interferir con el otro.
19:41
you're going to tamper with another.
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1945
19:43
I'm just simply saying that a world
without love is a deadly place.
without love is a deadly place.
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4754
Sólo quiero decir que un mundo sin amor es una lugar muerto.
19:49
So now --
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1164738
1002
Entonces… (aplausos)… gracias.
19:50
(Applause)
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4212
19:54
Thank you.
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1703
Quiero terminar con una historia y luego un comentario.
19:56
I want to end with a story.
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1485
19:58
And then, just a comment.
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1173839
1300
He estado estudiando el amor romántico, el sexo y el apego durante 30 años.
20:01
I've been studying romantic love
and sex and attachment for 30 years.
and sex and attachment for 30 years.
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1176741
4779
Soy una gemela idéntica; me interesa el porqué somos todos iguales.
20:08
I'm an identical twin;
I am interested in why we're all alike.
I am interested in why we're all alike.
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1183774
3516
por qué tú y yo somos iguales, por qué los iraquíes y los japoneses y
20:12
Why you and I are alike,
why the Iraqis and the Japanese
why the Iraqis and the Japanese
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1187925
3051
20:15
and the Australian Aborigines
and the people of the Amazon River
and the people of the Amazon River
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1191000
3000
los aborígenes australianos y la gente del Amazonas son todos iguales.
20:18
are all alike.
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1194024
1000
20:20
And about a year ago,
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1195777
2309
Hace un año, un servicio de citas por Internet, Match.com, contactó conmigo
20:22
an Internet dating service,
Match.com, came to me
Match.com, came to me
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1198110
2985
y me preguntaron si les diseñaría un nuevo sitio de citas.
20:25
and asked me if I would design
a new dating site for them.
a new dating site for them.
385
1201119
3652
20:29
I said, "I don't know anything
about personality. You know?
about personality. You know?
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1204795
2802
Les dije: "Yo no sé nada sobre personalidad,
20:32
I don't know. Do you think
you've got the right person?"
you've got the right person?"
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1207621
2720
no sé, ¿creen que hablan con la persona indicada?"
Dijeron que sí.
20:35
They said, "Yes."
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1210365
1040
Eso me puso a pensar por qué uno se enamora de cierta persona en lugar de otra.
20:36
It got me thinking
about why it is that you fall in love
about why it is that you fall in love
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1211429
3023
20:39
with one person rather than another.
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1214476
1732
Ese es mi proyecto actual y será mi próximo libro.
20:41
That's my current project;
it will be my next book.
it will be my next book.
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1216232
3443
Hay todo tipo de razones por las que nos enamoramos de cierta persona en lugar de otra.
20:45
There's all kinds of reasons
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1220262
1539
20:46
that you fall in love
with one person rather than another.
with one person rather than another.
393
1221825
2753
El momento es importante, la proximidad es importante,
20:49
Timing is important.
Proximity is important.
Proximity is important.
394
1224602
3286
el misterio es importante. Te enamoras de alguien que en cierta forma es misterioso,
20:52
Mystery is important.
395
1227912
1380
20:54
You fall in love with somebody
who's somewhat mysterious,
who's somewhat mysterious,
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1229316
2729
en parte porque el misterio eleva la dopamina en el cerebro,
20:56
in part because mystery
elevates dopamine in the brain,
elevates dopamine in the brain,
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1232069
2678
probablemente te impulse hacia el umbral del enamoramiento.
20:59
probably pushes you
over that threshold to fall in love.
over that threshold to fall in love.
398
1234771
2766
Te enamoras de alguien que se ubica dentro de lo que llamo "el mapa del amor,"
21:02
You fall in love with somebody
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1429
21:03
who fits within
what I call your "love map,"
what I call your "love map,"
400
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2095
una lista de rasgos que inconscientemente armaste en la niñez conforme crecías.
21:05
an unconscious list of traits
401
1241133
2147
21:08
that you build in childhood
as you grow up.
as you grow up.
402
1243304
2314
Y también pienso que empiezas a
21:10
And I also think
that you gravitate to certain people,
that you gravitate to certain people,
403
1245642
3042
gravitar hacia ciertas personas, de hecho, con sistemas cerebrales de alguna forma complementarios
21:13
actually, with somewhat
complementary brain systems.
complementary brain systems.
404
1248708
3268
21:16
And that's what I'm now
contributing to this.
contributing to this.
405
1252000
2287
y con eso estoy contribuyendo ahora .
Les quiero contar una historia para ilustrarlo.
21:19
But I want to tell you
a story, to illustrate.
a story, to illustrate.
406
1254311
3665
21:22
I've been carrying on here
about the biology of love.
about the biology of love.
407
1258000
2976
He tratado hasta ahora sobre la biología del amor,
quisiera mostrarles un poco sobre la cultura también…
21:26
I wanted to show you a little bit
about the culture of it, too,
about the culture of it, too,
408
1261709
3687
la magia de esto.
21:30
the magic of it.
409
1265420
1167
21:32
It's a story that was told to me
410
1268000
3349
Es una historia que me contó alguien que la había escuchado de alguien más..
21:36
by somebody who had
heard it just from one --
heard it just from one --
411
1271373
2461
posiblemente una historia verdadera.
21:38
probably a true story.
412
1273858
1118
Érase un estudiante graduado -- yo y dos colegas estábamos en Rutgers --
21:41
It was a graduate student --
I'm at Rutgers and my two colleagues --
I'm at Rutgers and my two colleagues --
413
1276508
3468
21:44
Art Aron is at SUNY Stony Brook.
414
1280000
1976
Art Aaron que está en SUNY Stonybrook.
21:46
That's where we put our people
in the MRI machine.
in the MRI machine.
415
1282000
2371
Allí es donde poníamos a la gente dentro del escáner IRM.
21:49
And this graduate student was madly
in love with another graduate student,
in love with another graduate student,
416
1285000
4563
Y este estudiante estaba locamente enamorada de otra estudiante,
pero ella no estaba enamorada de él.
21:54
and she was not in love with him.
417
1289587
2373
Y todos estábamos en un conferencia en Beijing.
21:58
And they were
all at a conference in Beijing.
all at a conference in Beijing.
418
1293206
2255
Él sabía de nuestro trabajo que si haces algo muy novedoso con alguien,
22:01
And he knew from our work
419
1296485
3034
22:04
that if you go and do something
very novel with somebody,
very novel with somebody,
420
1299543
4408
puedes subir la dopamina en el cerebro
22:08
you can drive up
the dopamine in the brain,
the dopamine in the brain,
421
1303975
2001
22:10
and perhaps trigger this brain
system for romantic love.
system for romantic love.
422
1306000
3693
y quizá disparar el sistema cerebral del amor romántico (risas)
22:14
(Laughter)
423
1309717
2157
Así que él decidió poner la ciencia en práctica,
22:16
So he decided he'd put science to work.
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1311898
3886
e invitó a la chica a tomar un paseo en un carrito oriental con él.
22:21
And he invited this girl to go off
on a rickshaw ride with him.
on a rickshaw ride with him.
425
1316624
3334
22:25
And sure enough -- I've never been in one,
426
1320809
2069
Y es seguro -- nunca me he subido a uno --
22:27
but apparently they go
all around the buses and the trucks
all around the buses and the trucks
427
1322902
2738
pero aparentemente va por todos lados pasando autobuses, camiones
es de locura, ruidoso y emocionante.
22:30
and it's crazy and it's noisy
and it's exciting.
and it's exciting.
428
1325664
2818
Él calculó que esto subiría la dopamina
22:33
He figured that this would drive up
the dopamine,
the dopamine,
429
1328506
2286
y que ella se enamoraría de él.
22:35
and she'd fall in love with him.
430
1330816
1532
Se encaminaron, ella chillaba y lo abrazaba
22:37
So off they go and she's squealing
and squeezing him
and squeezing him
431
1332372
4974
y reían y pasaron un momento maravilloso.
22:42
and laughing and having a wonderful time.
432
1337370
2517
22:44
An hour later they get down
off of the rickshaw,
off of the rickshaw,
433
1339911
3539
Una hora después se bajaron del carrito,
22:48
and she throws her hands up and she says,
434
1343474
3580
levantó los brazos y dijo: "¿No fue fantástico?,
22:51
"Wasn't that wonderful?"
435
1347078
2312
¡¿Acaso no era guapo el chofer?!"
22:54
And, "Wasn't that rickshaw
driver handsome!"
driver handsome!"
436
1349414
3414
22:57
(Laughter)
437
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3069
(Risas) (Aplausos)
23:00
(Applause)
438
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6031
23:06
There's magic to love!
439
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1162
¡La magia del amor!
23:07
(Applause)
440
1363186
1611
Quiero terminar diciendo que hace millones de años, desarrollamos tres impulsos básicos:
23:09
But I will end by saying
that millions of years ago,
that millions of years ago,
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1364821
3620
23:13
we evolved three basic drives:
442
1368465
2332
el impulso sexual, el amor romántico y el apego a una pareja de largo plazo.
23:15
the sex drive, romantic love
443
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2519
23:18
and attachment to a long-term partner.
444
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2340
Estos tres circuitos están profundamente integrados en el cerebro humano,
23:20
These circuits are deeply
embedded in the human brain.
embedded in the human brain.
445
1375728
3079
van a sobrevivir mientras sobrevivamos como especie
23:24
They're going to survive
as long as our species survives
as long as our species survives
446
1379203
4403
en lo que Shakespeare llamó: "este mortal trajín."
23:28
on what Shakespeare called
"this mortal coil."
"this mortal coil."
447
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Gracias. (Aplausos)
23:31
Thank you.
448
1386362
1006
23:32
Chris Anderson: Helen Fisher!
449
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23:33
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Fisher - Anthropologist, expert on loveAnthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love.
Why you should listen
Fisher's several books lay bare the mysteries of our most treasured emotion: its evolution, its biochemical foundations and its vital importance to human society. Fisher describes love as a universal human drive (stronger than the sex drive; stronger than thirst or hunger; stronger perhaps than the will to live), and her many areas of inquiry shed light on timeless human mysteries like why we choose one partner over another. Her classic study, Anatomy of Love, first published in 1992, has just been re-issued in a fully updated edition, including her recent neuroimaging research on lust, romantic love and attachment as well as discussions of sexting, hooking up, friends with benefits, other contemporary trends in courtship and marriage, and a dramatic current trend she calls “slow love.”
Helen Fisher | Speaker | TED.com