TED2006
Helen Fisher: Why we love, why we cheat
ヘレン・フィッシャー氏が語る「人が恋する理由」
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人類学者のヘレン・フィッシャー氏は、「恋愛」という難しい話題を取り上げ、その進化、生化学的な根拠、社会的重要性について述べる。最後には、抗うつ病薬の乱用がもたらす可能性のある害悪についても言及している。
Helen Fisher - Anthropologist, expert on love
Anthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love. Full bio
Anthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
来る世紀 もしかすると今後１万年における２つの大きな時代の流れについて
00:25
I'd like to talk today
about the two biggest social trends
about the two biggest social trends
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00:30
in the coming century,
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00:31
and perhaps in the next 10,000 years.
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お話したいと思います
その前に恋愛についての研究の話から始めたいと思います
00:34
But I want to start
with my work on romantic love,
with my work on romantic love,
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00:38
because that's my most recent work.
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それが私の最新の研究だからです
私と共同研究者は32人の被験者の脳をMRI検査しました
00:41
What I and my colleagues did was put
32 people, who were madly in love,
32 people, who were madly in love,
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00:45
into a functional MRI brain scanner.
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その32人は熱愛中です
うち17人は両想いです
00:48
17 who were madly in love
and their love was accepted;
and their love was accepted;
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残りの15人はふられたばかりです
00:51
and 15 who were madly in love
and they had just been dumped.
and they had just been dumped.
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まずはそれについてお話しします
00:54
And so I want to tell you
about that first,
about that first,
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それから“愛の行方”についての話題に移ります
00:57
and then go on into where
I think love is going.
I think love is going.
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01:01
(Laughter)
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01:03
"What 'tis to love?" Shakespeare said.
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「愛するとは何か？」とシェイクスピアは言いました
人間は野外で火を囲んで座ったり寝転んだりしながら星を見ていたころから
01:07
I think our ancestors --
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01:09
I think human beings have been
wondering about this question
wondering about this question
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－そんな太古から“愛するとは何か”を問い続けてきたのでしょう
01:13
since they sat around their campfires
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01:15
or lay and watched
the stars a million years ago.
the stars a million years ago.
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01:19
I started out by trying to figure out
what romantic love was
what romantic love was
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ここ45年の心理学的研究を参照し
恋愛とは何かを理解する試みからこの研究に着手しました
01:22
by looking at the last 45 years
of the psychological research
of the psychological research
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01:28
and as it turns out,
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人が恋に落ちると非常に特殊な事が起こるということがわかりました
01:29
there's a very specific group of things
that happen when you fall in love.
that happen when you fall in love.
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恋をすると
01:34
The first thing that happens is,
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01:36
a person begins to take on
what I call, "special meaning."
what I call, "special meaning."
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ある人が「特別な意味」を呈しているように見え出すのです
あるトラック運転手は私にこう言いました
01:40
As a truck driver once said to me,
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「世界に新たな中心があり それがMary Anne だった」
01:42
"The world had a new center,
and that center was Mary Anne."
and that center was Mary Anne."
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01:46
George Bernard Shaw said it differently.
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バーナード・ショーは
「愛とはある女性の他の女性との違いを過大評価すること」と少し表現を変えて
01:48
"Love consists of overestimating
the differences
the differences
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01:51
between one woman and another."
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同じことを言っています 実際人は恋に落ちるとそうなるのです －会場（笑）
01:53
And indeed, that's what we do.
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01:55
(Laughter)
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01:58
And then you just focus on this person.
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そうやって１人の人に夢中になるのです
02:01
You can list what you
don't like about them,
don't like about them,
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相手の好ましくない点には目をつぶり
好ましいことだけが目に入るようになります
02:04
but then you sweep that aside
and focus on what you do.
and focus on what you do.
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02:07
As Chaucer said, "Love is blind."
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チョーサーは言いました「恋は盲目」と
02:11
In trying to understand romantic love,
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恋愛について理解する試みとして
02:13
I decided I would read poetry
from all over the world,
from all over the world,
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世界中の詩を読んでみることにしました
02:16
and I just want to give
you one very short poem
you one very short poem
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ここで８世紀の中国の短い詩を朗読したいと思います
02:19
from eighth-century China,
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というのもひとりの女性に夢中になった男性の良い例だからです
02:20
because it's an almost perfect example
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02:22
of a man who is focused totally
on a particular woman.
on a particular woman.
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誰かに熱烈に恋をしていて
02:26
It's a little bit like when you are
madly in love with somebody
madly in love with somebody
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ふたりで駐車場に歩いていくことに似ています
02:29
and you walk into a parking lot --
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自分たちの車はそこにあるどの車とも違い特別に見えます
02:31
their car is different
from every other car in the parking lot.
from every other car in the parking lot.
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２人の夕食のワイングラスは他のどのパーティーのワイングラスとも違い特別に思えます
02:34
Their wine glass at dinner
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02:36
is different from every other wine glass
at the dinner party.
at the dinner party.
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02:39
And in this case, a man got hooked
on a bamboo sleeping mat.
on a bamboo sleeping mat.
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この詩の場合男は茣蓙（ござ）に特別な思いを抱いたのです
朗読します ユアンチャンという男の詩です
02:44
And it goes like this.
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02:45
It's by a guy called Yuan Zhen.
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“私はこの茣蓙（ござ）を片付けることができないのです
02:48
"I cannot bear to put away
the bamboo sleeping mat.
the bamboo sleeping mat.
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あなたがこの部屋に来た夜 それを敷くのをみたから”
02:51
The night I brought you home,
I watched you roll it out."
I watched you roll it out."
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男は茣蓙（ござ）に特別な思いを抱くようになったのです
02:55
He became hooked on a sleeping mat,
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多分脳内のドーパミンの活動のためでしょう
02:57
probably because of elevated activity
of dopamine in his brain,
of dopamine in his brain,
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それはちょうど今の私たちにも起こっています
03:00
just like with you and me.
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ところが相手が特別な意味を呈しているということではなく
03:02
But anyway, not only does this person
take on special meaning,
take on special meaning,
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あなた方が相手に意識を集中し－
03:05
you focus your attention on them.
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03:07
You aggrandize them.
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拡大してみているのです ―人は激しいエネルギーを持っているものです
03:09
But you have intense energy.
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あるポリネシア人は「空に飛び込みたい気分だ！」と言いました
03:11
As one Polynesian said,
"I felt like jumping in the sky."
"I felt like jumping in the sky."
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一晩中気分が高揚し夜明けまで歩き続けます
03:15
You're up all night.
You're walking till dawn.
You're walking till dawn.
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恋愛がうまくいっている時は激しく気分が高揚するものです
03:18
You feel intense elation
when things are going well;
when things are going well;
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逆にうまくいっていない時は絶望的な気分になります
03:21
mood swings into horrible despair
when things are going poorly.
when things are going poorly.
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気分は相手に左右されます
03:24
Real dependence on this person.
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ニューヨークのビジネスマンが私にこう言いました 「彼女が好きなものはすべて好きだ」と
03:27
As one businessman in New York said to me,
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03:29
"Anything she liked, I liked."
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シンブルですね 恋愛とはとてもシンプルなものです
03:32
Simple. Romantic love is very simple.
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03:35
You become extremely sexually possessive.
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性的な独占欲が強くなります
03:37
You know, if you're just sleeping
with somebody casually,
with somebody casually,
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遊びで誰かとセックスするときは
03:40
you don't really care
if they're sleeping with somebody else.
if they're sleeping with somebody else.
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その人が他の誰かと寝てもあまり気になりません
けれども恋に落ちた瞬間
03:43
But the moment you fall in love,
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あなたは独占欲の塊になります
03:45
you become extremely
sexually possessive of them.
sexually possessive of them.
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そこにダーウィニズムの意義があるのでしょう
03:47
I think there's a Darwinian
purpose to this.
purpose to this.
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03:50
The whole point of this
is to pull two people together
is to pull two people together
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全体的な意義は 一組の男女を交配し
子を育てる親として機能させることです
03:53
strongly enough to begin
to rear babies as a team.
to rear babies as a team.
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03:57
But the main characteristics
of romantic love are craving:
of romantic love are craving:
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けれども 恋愛のメインの特徴は切望です
04:00
an intense craving
to be with a particular person,
to be with a particular person,
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ある特定の人と一緒にいたいという強い切望なのです 決してセックスだけが目的ではなく感情的にも
04:04
not just sexually, but emotionally.
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04:06
It would be nice to go to bed with them,
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確かに好きな人とセックスするのは素晴らしいことかもしれません
でも相手に電話をもらったりデートに誘われたりしたいのです
04:10
but you want them to call you
on the telephone, to invite you out, etc.,
on the telephone, to invite you out, etc.,
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04:14
to tell you that they love you.
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好きだと言ってもらいたいのです
04:17
The other main characteristic
is motivation.
is motivation.
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恋愛の他の特徴はモチベーションです
脳内の動力が稼動し相手を欲するのです
04:22
The motor in the brain begins to crank,
and you want this person.
and you want this person.
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04:25
And last but not least,
it is an obsession.
it is an obsession.
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大事なことをひとつ言い忘れましたが恋愛は妄想でもあります
被験者のMRI検査を行うときあるいはその前に
04:28
Before I put these people
in the MRI machine,
in the MRI machine,
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04:32
I would ask them all kinds of questions.
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ありとあらゆる質問をします
04:34
But my most important question
was always the same.
was always the same.
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けれどもメインの質問はいつも同じです
「１日のうちのどれくらいあなたは相手のことを考えますか？」
04:37
It was: "What percentage of the day
and night do you think about this person?"
and night do you think about this person?"
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被験者たちは「１日中です 相手のことを考えずにはいられないんです」と答えるのです
04:42
And indeed, they would say,
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04:44
"All day. All night.
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04:46
I can never stop thinking
about him or her."
about him or her."
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04:49
And then, the very last question --
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そして最後の最後にする質問なのですが
04:51
I would always have to work
myself up to this question,
myself up to this question,
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私は心理学者ではないので
いつもこの質問にどきどきします
04:54
because I'm not a psychologist.
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ちなみに心的外傷状況の人を被験者にしたりはしません
04:55
I don't work with people
in any kind of traumatic situation.
in any kind of traumatic situation.
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そして最後の質問はこうです
04:59
My final question was always the same.
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「相手のために死ねますか？」
05:01
I would say,
"Would you die for him or her?"
"Would you die for him or her?"
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そして彼らは当然のように
05:04
And, indeed, these people would say "Yes!"
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「もちろん！」と答えるのです
05:06
as if I had asked them to pass the salt.
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私はたじろぎました
05:08
I was just staggered by it.
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05:12
So we scanned their brains,
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そうして恋人の写真を見ているときと刺激のない写真を見せているときに被験者の脳をスキャンしました
05:15
looking at a photograph
of their sweetheart
of their sweetheart
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05:17
and looking at a neutral photograph,
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間にはディストラクション課題を挟みました
05:18
with a distraction task in between.
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結果 同じ脳における活性状態と
05:20
So we could look at the same brain
when it was in that heightened state
when it was in that heightened state
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05:25
and when it was in a resting state.
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不活性状態が見てとれました
また脳の多くの部位で活動が観察されました
05:28
And we found activity
in a lot of brain regions.
in a lot of brain regions.
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最も注目すべきは
05:30
In fact, one of the most important
was a brain region
was a brain region
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コカインでハイになるときに活動的になる部位なのですが
05:33
that becomes active
when you feel the rush of cocaine.
when you feel the rush of cocaine.
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まさにその部位が活動していたのです
05:37
And indeed, that's exactly what happens.
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05:40
I began to realize that romantic love
is not an emotion.
is not an emotion.
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恋愛が単なる感情ではないと気づきました
それまでずっと恋愛は
05:45
In fact, I had always thought
it was a series of emotions,
it was a series of emotions,
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一連の感情だと思っていました
05:47
from very high to very low.
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05:49
But actually, it's a drive.
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しかし実は動因なのです
05:51
It comes from the motor of the mind,
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05:53
the wanting part of the mind,
the craving part of the mind.
the craving part of the mind.
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動因 欲求 要求といったものから生じるものなのです
それは
05:57
The kind of part of the mind
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05:58
when you're reaching
for that piece of chocolate,
for that piece of chocolate,
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チョコレートに手を伸ばしているときや
職場の昇進レースで躍起になっているときに感じるものです
06:01
when you want to win
that promotion at work.
that promotion at work.
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脳内のモーター それは動因です
06:05
The motor of the brain.
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06:07
It's a drive.
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06:08
And in fact, I think it's more powerful
than the sex drive.
than the sex drive.
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それは性欲よりもずっと強いものです
もし誰かをベッドに誘って断られたとしても
06:11
You know, if you ask somebody
to go to bed with you,
to go to bed with you,
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06:14
and they say, "No, thank you,"
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自殺したりうつ病になったりしません
06:15
you certainly don't kill yourself
or slip into a clinical depression.
or slip into a clinical depression.
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けれどもふられて殺人を起こす人はいるでしょう
06:19
But certainly, around the world,
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06:22
people who are rejected
in love will kill for it.
in love will kill for it.
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人は愛のために－生きます 人を殺めます そして死ぬこともあるのです
06:27
People live for love.
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06:28
They kill for love.
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06:29
They die for love.
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06:31
They have songs, poems, novels,
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愛をテーマに歌い 詩や小説を書き 彫刻を彫り 絵を描き 神話や伝説も生みだします
06:34
sculptures, paintings, myths, legends.
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175以上の社会で人々はこの力強い脳のシステムの証を残してきました
06:38
In over 175 societies,
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06:40
people have left their evidence
of this powerful brain system.
of this powerful brain system.
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恋愛こそが人の大いなる喜びそして悲しみを生みだす
06:45
I have come to think
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06:46
it's one of the most powerful
brain systems on Earth
brain systems on Earth
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最も力強い脳のシステムなのだと思っています
06:49
for both great joy and great sorrow.
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そして恋愛とは交配と生殖から進化した
06:52
And I've also come to think
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06:53
that it's one of three
basically different brain systems
basically different brain systems
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３つの違ったシステムのうちのひとつだと考えるように至りました
06:57
that evolved from mating and reproduction.
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まずは性欲 －性的な満足感を得るための強い欲望－です
06:59
One is the sex drive:
the craving for sexual gratification.
the craving for sexual gratification.
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07:03
W.H. Auden called it
an "intolerable neural itch,"
an "intolerable neural itch,"
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オーデンは性欲を「我慢できない神経の痒み」と表現しました
07:06
and indeed, that's what it is.
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そのとおりです
性欲はちょっとした苛立ちです－空腹のときのような
07:09
It keeps bothering you
a little bit, like being hungry.
a little bit, like being hungry.
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３つの脳のシステムの２つめが恋愛です
07:13
The second of these three brain
systems is romantic love:
systems is romantic love:
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07:16
that elation, obsession of early love.
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気分の高揚や相手に対して初めに感じる執着です
07:18
And the third brain system is attachment:
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３つ目の脳のシステムは愛着で
長年のパートナーに対して感じる落ち着きや安心感です
07:21
that sense of calm and security
you can feel for a long-term partner.
you can feel for a long-term partner.
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07:25
And I think that the sex drive
evolved to get you out there,
evolved to get you out there,
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性欲が進化したのは人の関心を外に向けさせ
広範囲にパートナーを探させるためです
07:28
looking for a whole range of partners.
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たとえばただ車を運転しているときに―
07:30
You can feel it when you're just
driving along in your car.
driving along in your car.
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特定の人に意識は向きません
07:33
It can be focused on nobody.
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また恋愛が進化したのは交配のためのエネルギーをたった１人の相手に
07:35
I think romantic love evolved
to enable you to focus your mating energy
to enable you to focus your mating energy
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07:38
on just one individual at a time,
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一時的に集中させ
07:40
thereby conserving mating time and energy.
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交尾に費やす時間やエネルギーを保持します
07:43
And I think that attachment,
the third brain system,
the third brain system,
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また３つ目の脳のシステムである
愛着が進化したのは 他者に対する忍耐力を養うためだと考えられます－会場（笑）
07:46
evolved to enable you to tolerate
this human being
this human being
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07:49
at least long enough to raise
a child together as a team.
a child together as a team.
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少なくとも親として子を育てる期間は耐えうるほどの忍耐力です
07:55
So with that preamble,
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以上のことを前置きとして２つの深遠な社会的流れについて議論を進めていきたいと思います
07:57
I want to go into discussing
the two most profound social trends.
the two most profound social trends.
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08:03
One of the last 10,000 years
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１つはここ１万年の もうひとつはだいたいここ２５年の流れなのですが
08:06
and the other,
certainly of the last 25 years,
certainly of the last 25 years,
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これらはあの３つの脳のシステム－性欲 恋愛 愛着に
08:10
that are going to have an impact
on these three different brain systems:
on these three different brain systems:
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影響を及ぼすことでしょう
08:15
lust, romantic love
and deep attachment to a partner.
and deep attachment to a partner.
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一つは女性の就労 女性が労働力となったことです
08:19
The first is women working,
moving into the workforce.
moving into the workforce.
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国連の統計資料で130の社会を調べました
08:26
I've looked at 130 societies
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08:29
through the demographic yearbooks
of the United Nations.
of the United Nations.
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世界中の至る所130のうち129の国では－場所によっては非常にゆっくりではあるのですが
08:31
Everywhere in the world,
129 out of 130 of them,
129 out of 130 of them,
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08:36
women are not only moving
into the job market --
into the job market --
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08:38
sometimes very, very slowly,
but they are moving into the job market --
but they are moving into the job market --
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女性は労働市場に参入してきています その上
08:42
and they are very slowly closing
that gap between men and women
that gap between men and women
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少しずつではあるものの 経済力 健康面 教育といった点で
08:46
in terms of economic power,
health and education.
health and education.
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男女間の差を埋めつつあります
それはとてもゆっくりとした動きではあります
08:50
It's very slow.
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08:51
For every trend on this planet,
there's a counter-trend.
there's a counter-trend.
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地球上のあらゆる流れには対抗する流れが登場します
08:54
We all know of them, but nevertheless --
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それでも アラブの諺にもあるように
08:57
the Arabs say, "The dogs may bark,
but the caravan moves on."
but the caravan moves on."
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「犬は吠えるが キャラバンは進み続ける」
実際にキャラバンが進み続けるように
09:03
And, indeed, that caravan is moving on.
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女性は労働市場に戻ってきています
09:05
Women are moving back into the job market.
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「戻る」という表現を使ったのはこれが新しいことではないからです
09:08
And I say back into the job market,
because this is not new.
because this is not new.
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何100万年もの間アフリカの草原地帯では
09:12
For millions of years,
on the grasslands of Africa,
on the grasslands of Africa,
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女性は外に出て野菜を採集していたのです
09:15
women commuted to work
to gather their vegetables.
to gather their vegetables.
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食卓の６～８割にあたる食物を持ち帰りました
09:18
They came home with 60 to 80 percent
of the evening meal.
of the evening meal.
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09:22
The double income family was the standard.
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夫婦共働きが当たり前でした
09:25
And women were regarded
as just as economically,
as just as economically,
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女性は経済的にも社会的にも性的にも男性と同等でした
09:29
socially and sexually powerful as men.
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09:32
In short, we're really
moving forward to the past.
moving forward to the past.
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つまり社会は過去を向いて歩んでいるのです
女性にとって最悪の発明品が耕作用のすきです
09:37
Then, women's worst
invention was the plow.
invention was the plow.
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道具を使った農業が始まり男性の役割は非常に大きくなりました
09:42
With the beginning of plow agriculture,
men's roles became extremely powerful.
men's roles became extremely powerful.
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それで女性は採集者としての古代の仕事を失ったのです
09:46
Women lost their ancient
jobs as collectors,
jobs as collectors,
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しかし産業革命やポスト産業革命の時代を経て
09:50
but then with the industrial revolution
and the post-industrial revolution
and the post-industrial revolution
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労働市場に戻ってきているのです
09:54
they're moving back into the job market.
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つまり女性は100万年 10万年 １万年前に持っていた
09:56
In short, they are acquiring the status
that they had a million years ago,
that they had a million years ago,
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かつての地位を取り戻しつつあるのです
10:01
10,000 years ago, 100,000 years ago.
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10:04
We are seeing now one
of the most remarkable traditions
of the most remarkable traditions
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私たちは人類の歴史上もっとも注目すべき伝統の１つを目の当たりにしているわけです
10:09
in the history of the human animal.
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それは影響力を持つことになるでしょう
10:13
And it's going to have an impact.
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普段は１つの講義としてビジネス界での女性の影響力について話をするのですが
10:15
I generally give a whole lecture
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10:16
on the impact of women
on the business community.
on the business community.
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ここでは２つにとどめ 愛とセックスについての話に移りたいと思います
10:18
I'll say just a couple of things,
and then go on to sex and love.
and then go on to sex and love.
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男女間の違いはたくさんあります
10:22
There's a lot of gender differences;
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男と女は同じだという人は娘や息子を持ったことがないのでしょう
10:23
anybody who thinks men and women are alike
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10:26
simply never had a boy and a girl child.
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なぜ男と女は同じだと考えたがる人がいるのでしょう
10:28
I don't know why they want to think
that men and women are alike.
that men and women are alike.
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共通点もありますが全体的にみると
10:31
There's much we have in common,
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10:32
but there's a whole lot
that we do not have in common.
that we do not have in common.
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多くは違っています
10:35
We are -- in the words of Ted Hughes,
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テッド・ヒュージの言葉によると
10:37
"I think that we are like two feet.
We need each other to get ahead."
We need each other to get ahead."
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「男女は２本の足のように創造された 前進するにはお互いを必要とする」
しかし男女は同じ脳を持つようには進化しませんでした
10:42
But we did not evolve
to have the same brain.
to have the same brain.
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10:45
And we're finding more and more
gender differences in the brain.
gender differences in the brain.
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むしろ脳の仕組みにおける男女差がわかってきました
２つの男女差を話して恋愛とセックスの話に移ります
10:49
I'll only just use a couple
and then move on to sex and love.
and then move on to sex and love.
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10:52
One of them is women's verbal ability.
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まずは女性の言語能力です 女性はうまく話すことができます
10:54
Women can talk.
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10:55
Women's ability to find the right word
rapidly, basic articulation
rapidly, basic articulation
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正確な語を素早く見つけることができるという女性の能力
10:59
goes up in the middle
of the menstrual cycle,
of the menstrual cycle,
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これは月経周期の半ば－エストロゲンの分泌が増大するときに上がります
11:02
when estrogen levels peak.
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しかし月経中でさえ女性の言語能力は平均的な男性よりも勝っています
11:03
But even at menstruation,
they're better than the average man.
they're better than the average man.
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女性は話上手です
11:07
Women can talk.
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長年女性は話してきたのです 言葉は女性の道具でした
11:09
They've been doing it for a million years;
words were women's tools.
words were women's tools.
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11:12
They held that baby
in front of their face,
in front of their face,
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女性は赤ん坊を抱き上げ
なだめ しかり 言葉で教育してきたのです
11:14
cajoling it, reprimanding it,
educating it with words.
educating it with words.
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そうやってとても強い力を持つようになってきたのです
11:18
And, indeed, they're becoming
a very powerful force.
a very powerful force.
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11:21
Even in places like India and Japan,
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インドや日本のように女性の社会進出が
急速でない国においてさえも
11:27
where women are not moving rapidly
into the regular job market,
into the regular job market,
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11:30
they're moving into journalism.
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女性はジャーナリズムの世界に進出してきています
11:32
And I think that the television
is like the global campfire.
is like the global campfire.
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テレビは地球全体のキャンプファイアーのようで私たちは
11:36
We sit around it and it shapes our minds.
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それを囲み テレビが私たちの意識を形成しています
11:40
Almost always, when I'm on TV,
the producer who calls me,
the producer who calls me,
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ほとんど毎回ですが私がテレビ出演する際
私に電話をし交渉するのは女性です
11:44
who negotiates what we're going to say,
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11:47
is a woman.
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ソルジェニーツィンはこう言いました
11:48
In fact, Solzhenitsyn once said,
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「偉大な作家を持つことはもうひとつの政府を持つことと等しい」と
11:50
"To have a great writer
is to have another government."
is to have another government."
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今日アメリカの作家の５４％は女性です
11:54
Today 54 percent of people
who are writers in America are women.
who are writers in America are women.
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言語能力は女性が持つ多くの特徴のうちの一つであり
11:59
It's one of many,
many characteristics that women have
many characteristics that women have
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女性はそれを雇用市場にもちこむでしょう
12:02
that they will bring into the job market.
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女性たちはすばらしい社交術や交渉術を持っています
12:04
They've got incredible people skills,
negotiating skills.
negotiating skills.
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想像力が非常に豊かです
12:09
They're highly imaginative.
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12:10
We now know the brain circuitry
of imagination, of long-term planning.
of imagination, of long-term planning.
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想像や長期計画に関する脳内経路については知られていますが－
女性はウェブ思考者である傾向があります
12:15
They tend to be web thinkers.
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12:17
Because the female parts
of the brain are better connected,
of the brain are better connected,
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女性の脳は各部位がよりうまくつながっていて
思考する際よりたくさんのデータを集め
12:20
they tend to collect more
pieces of data when they think,
pieces of data when they think,
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それを複雑なパターンに組み替えより多くの選択肢や成果を見出す傾向があります
12:23
put them into more complex patterns,
see more options and outcomes.
see more options and outcomes.
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文脈重視の全体的に物事を見る思考法－まさにウェブ思考者である傾向があるのです
12:28
They tend to be contextual,
holistic thinkers,
holistic thinkers,
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12:32
what I call web thinkers.
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12:33
Men tend to -- and these are averages --
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男性は－これは平均的にですが－無関係とみなすことを削除し
12:35
tend to get rid of what they regard
as extraneous,
as extraneous,
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実利的なものに焦点を当てステップ思考をする傾向があるのです
12:38
focus on what they do,
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12:39
and move in a more
step-by-step thinking pattern.
step-by-step thinking pattern.
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どちらもすばらしい思考法です
12:45
They're both perfectly good
ways of thinking.
ways of thinking.
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進歩していくためには両方が必要なのです
12:48
We need both of them to get ahead.
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12:50
In fact, there's many more
male geniuses in the world.
male geniuses in the world.
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世の中にはたくさんの天才的な男性がいます
12:53
And there's also many more
male idiots in the world.
male idiots in the world.
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同時にまぬけな男性もたくさんいるのですが－会場（笑）
12:56
(Laughter)
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男性の脳がよく働くときは本当によく働くのです
12:58
When the male brain works well,
it works extremely well.
it works extremely well.
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世界は男女の協働社会に向かいつつあると思います
13:01
And what I really think
that we're doing is,
that we're doing is,
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13:04
we're moving towards
a collaborative society,
a collaborative society,
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－男女双方の能力が理解され
13:07
a society in which the talents
of both men and women
of both men and women
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13:09
are becoming understood
and valued and employed.
and valued and employed.
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価値あるものとして活用される社会です
13:13
But in fact, women moving
into the job market
into the job market
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けれども女性が労働市場に参入するということで
13:16
is having a huge impact
on sex and romance and family life.
on sex and romance and family life.
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性や恋愛 家庭生活に多大な影響がおよんでいます
何より性的関心を口にすることが多くなりました
13:22
Foremost, women are starting
to express their sexuality.
to express their sexuality.
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13:27
I'm always astonished
when people come to me and say,
when people come to me and say,
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驚くことに こう問う人がいます
「なぜ男はあんなに浮気性なの？」
13:30
"Why is it that men are so adulterous?"
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「どうして男性が女性より浮気性だと言えるの？」と答えるのですが
13:32
"Why do you think
more men are adulterous than women?"
more men are adulterous than women?"
260
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2713
「とにかく男は浮気性なの！」
13:35
"Well, men are more adulterous!"
261
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「そんな浮気者と寝てるのは誰なの？」と言ってやるのです
13:36
And I say, "Who do you think
these men are sleeping with?"
these men are sleeping with?"
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会場（笑）－誰でもわかる質問ですね
13:39
(Laughter)
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13:41
And -- basic math!
264
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とにかく
13:42
Anyway.
265
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西洋社会では
13:44
In the Western world,
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13:47
women start sooner at sex,
have more partners,
have more partners,
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女性の初体験は低年齢化し複数のパートナーを持っても
13:50
express less remorse
for the partners that they do,
for the partners that they do,
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それに対する良心の呵責も少なく
13:53
marry later, have fewer children,
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晩婚 少子化 悪い夫にはさっさと見切りをつける傾向が見られています
13:56
leave bad marriages
in order to get good ones.
in order to get good ones.
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2905
13:59
We are seeing the rise
of female sexual expression.
of female sexual expression.
271
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3979
女性が 女性性を表現する風潮が高まっているのです
そして繰り返すように 私たちは
14:03
And, indeed, once again we're moving
forward to the kind of sexual expression
forward to the kind of sexual expression
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4721
太古にアフリカの草原で見られたと思われる性表現に向かっています
14:08
that we probably saw on the grasslands
of Africa a million years ago,
of Africa a million years ago,
273
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3684
14:11
because this is the kind
of sexual expression that we see
of sexual expression that we see
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というのも
14:14
in hunting and gathering societies today.
275
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これは狩猟採集社会でみられる性表現なのです
14:17
We're also returning
to an ancient form of marriage equality.
to an ancient form of marriage equality.
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また 私たちは古代の男女平等な婚姻の形に逆戻りしています
２１世紀はいわゆる
14:22
They're now saying that the 21st century
277
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4556
14:26
is going to be the century of what
they call the "symmetrical marriage,"
they call the "symmetrical marriage,"
278
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3976
「対称結婚」
14:30
or the "pure marriage,"
or the "companionate marriage."
or the "companionate marriage."
279
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5384
「純粋結婚」「友愛結婚」の世紀と言われています
これは平等な者同士の結婚であり
14:36
This is a marriage between equals,
280
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3568
14:39
moving forward to a pattern
281
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2443
古代人の精神と対等なパターンに向かっているのです
14:42
that is highly compatible
with the ancient human spirit.
with the ancient human spirit.
282
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3134
14:46
We're also seeing a rise of romantic love.
283
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2539
同時に恋愛の風潮も高まっています
14:49
91 percent of American women
and 86 percent of American men
and 86 percent of American men
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4226
アメリカの91％の女性がまた86％の男性が
たとえ結婚相手に求める資質をすべて満たしていても愛がなければ
14:53
would not marry somebody
who had every single quality
who had every single quality
285
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4603
14:58
they were looking for in a partner,
286
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1816
結婚しないだろうとされています
15:00
if they were not in love with that person.
287
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2763
世界中のどこでも－37の社会に対する研究によると
15:03
People around the world,
in a study of 37 societies,
in a study of 37 societies,
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3519
人は好きな相手と結婚したいのです
15:06
want to be in love
with the person that they marry.
with the person that they marry.
289
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3637
事実お見合い結婚は姿を消しつつあります
15:10
Indeed, arranged marriages are
on their way off this braid of human life.
on their way off this braid of human life.
290
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6054
15:20
I even think that marriages
might even become more stable
might even become more stable
291
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2794
２つの大きな世界的流れのために
婚姻はひょっとするとより安定したものになるかもしれません
15:23
because of the second great world trend.
292
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3754
１つ目は女性の雇用市場への参入でしたが
15:27
The first one being women
moving into the job market,
moving into the job market,
293
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2762
15:29
the second one being
the aging world population.
the aging world population.
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２つ目は高齢化です
15:32
They're now saying that in America,
295
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今すでにアメリカでは
中年を85歳までとみなすべきだと言われています
15:35
that middle age should be regarded
as up to age 85.
as up to age 85.
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というのも76歳から85歳までの最も高齢なカテゴリーに属する人の
15:39
Because in that highest
age category of 76 to 85,
age category of 76 to 85,
297
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40％もが全く健康上問題がないからです
15:44
as much as 40 percent of people
have nothing really wrong with them.
have nothing really wrong with them.
298
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3431
15:47
So we're seeing there's a real
extension of middle age.
extension of middle age.
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中年期の拡大という現実にも直面しています
15:51
For one of my books,
I looked at divorce data in 58 societies.
I looked at divorce data in 58 societies.
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また 私は著書の中で５８の社会における離婚率に注目しました
15:56
And as it turns out, the older you get,
the less likely you are to divorce.
the less likely you are to divorce.
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歳をとるほど離婚に興味がなくなることがわかりました
アメリカでは今離婚率は安定しています
16:01
So the divorce rate right now
is stable in America,
is stable in America,
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実際には減少傾向にあります
16:05
and it's actually beginning to decline.
303
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2334
16:07
It may decline some more.
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今後はもっと減少するかもしれません
そしてバイアグラ エストロゲン補充 人工股関節置換などで
16:11
I would even say that with Viagra,
305
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3999
16:15
estrogen replacement, hip replacements
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非常に魅力的になった女性たち
16:19
and the incredibly interesting women
307
954995
1981
16:21
-- women have never been
as interesting as they are now.
as interesting as they are now.
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かつて女性がこれほど魅力的であったことはないでしょう
女性が教育を受け 魅力的かつ可能性に満ちた時代は過去に例を見ません
16:24
Not at any time on this planet
have women been so educated,
have women been so educated,
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3458
16:28
so interesting, so capable.
310
963611
1947
人類の進化において良い婚姻形態をつくる機会があるとすれば
16:30
And so I honestly think that if there
really was ever a time in human evolution
really was ever a time in human evolution
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それは今だと思います
16:36
when we have the opportunity to make
good marriages, that time is now.
good marriages, that time is now.
312
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3865
16:41
However, there's always kinds
of complications in this.
of complications in this.
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しかし厄介な問題も伴います
それは脳の３つのシステム－情欲 恋愛 愛着がいつも同時にうまくは
16:44
These three brain systems
-- lust, romantic love and attachment --
-- lust, romantic love and attachment --
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4717
働かないということです
16:49
don't always go together.
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1354
同時に働くこともあります
16:50
They can go together, by the way.
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だから遊びのセックスは本当の意味で遊びでないのです
16:52
That's why casual sex isn't so casual.
317
987583
1952
オルガズムによってドーパミンが活性化します
16:54
With orgasm you get a spike of dopamine.
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ドーパミンは恋愛に関連していますから
16:56
Dopamine's associated with romantic love,
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2096
遊びのセックスを楽しんだ相手に恋に落ちることもありえます
16:58
and you can just
fall in love with somebody
fall in love with somebody
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2023
17:00
who you're just having casual sex with.
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1863
またオルガズムにともなってオキシトシンやバソプレッシンの分泌量が多くなります
17:02
With orgasm, then you get a real rush
of oxytocin and vasopressin --
of oxytocin and vasopressin --
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3436
これらは愛着と関係しています
17:06
those are associated with attachment.
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2031
こういうわけで人はセックスをした後
17:08
This is why you can feel such a sense
of cosmic union with somebody
of cosmic union with somebody
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3959
その相手と親密な感覚を味わうことができるのです
17:12
after you've made love to them.
325
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1849
しかしながら情欲 恋愛 愛着の３つの脳のシステムは
17:14
But these three brain systems:
lust, romantic love and attachment,
lust, romantic love and attachment,
326
1009277
4699
17:18
aren't always connected to each other.
327
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いつも連関し合っているとは限りません
17:21
You can feel deep attachment
to a long-term partner
to a long-term partner
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長年のパートナーに愛着を感じる一方で
他の誰かと恋に落ちることもありえますし
17:25
while you feel intense
romantic love for somebody else,
romantic love for somebody else,
329
1020275
4092
そのまた一方でまったく関係のない誰かに対し情欲を覚えることもありえます
17:29
while you feel the sex drive for people
unrelated to these other partners.
unrelated to these other partners.
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5453
つまり人は一度に複数の人間を愛することができるということです
17:35
In short, we're capable of loving
more than one person at a time.
more than one person at a time.
331
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5029
夜ベッドに寝ながら
17:40
In fact, you can lie in bed at night
332
1035714
1992
ある人への深い愛着の感情と
17:42
and swing from deep feelings
of attachment for one person
of attachment for one person
333
1037730
3246
17:45
to deep feelings
of romantic love for somebody else.
of romantic love for somebody else.
334
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3432
別の誰かへの恋心でゆれうごくことがあるでしょう
それは これから どうするべきか決めようと
17:49
It's as if there's a committee meeting
going on in your head
going on in your head
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2881
頭の中であれこれ言いあっているようなものです
17:52
as you are trying to decide what to do.
336
1047361
3127
人類は幸せになるように創造された動物ではなく
17:55
So I don't think, honestly,
337
1050512
1635
17:56
we're an animal
that was built to be happy;
that was built to be happy;
338
1052171
2015
生殖のために創造された動物だと思います
17:59
we are an animal
that was built to reproduce.
that was built to reproduce.
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2268
現在私たちが考える幸せとは作り出されたものでしょう
18:01
I think the happiness we find, we make.
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1056502
2935
18:04
And I think, however,
341
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3482
しかしながら男女はお互いに良い関係を築くことができるはずです
18:07
we can make good relationships
with each other.
with each other.
342
1062967
2667
18:10
So I want to conclude with two things.
343
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2105
締めくくりに２つ
１つは懸念です
18:12
I want to conclude with a worry,
344
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2047
懸念ともう１つは素敵な話です
18:15
and with a wonderful story.
345
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2929
懸念とは―
18:19
The worry is about antidepressants.
346
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2689
アメリカでは１億人以上の人が毎年抗うつ薬の処方を受けていることです
18:23
Over 100 million prescriptions
of antidepressants
of antidepressants
347
1078631
5132
18:28
are written every year
in the United States.
in the United States.
348
1083787
2821
これらの薬は一般薬になりつつあります
18:31
And these drugs are going generic.
349
1087100
2565
18:34
They are seeping around the world.
350
1089689
2483
世界中に広がっています
私の知っているある少女は13歳のころからセロトニン増強のSSRIや
18:37
I know one girl who's been
on these antidepressants,
on these antidepressants,
351
1092743
5233
18:42
SSRIs, serotonin-enhancing
antidepressants -- since she was 13.
antidepressants -- since she was 13.
352
1098000
3976
セロトニンに作用する他の抗うつ病薬をずっと服薬し続けています
18:46
She's 23. She's been on them
ever since she was 13.
ever since she was 13.
353
1102000
2976
彼女は23歳で 13歳からずっと服薬し続けているのです
18:49
I've got nothing against people
who take them short term,
who take them short term,
354
1105000
3516
短期間の服用に対して異議をとなえているわけではありません
18:53
when they're going
through something horrible.
through something horrible.
355
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2223
とてつもない恐怖をやり過ごす際や
18:55
They want to commit suicide
or kill somebody else.
or kill somebody else.
356
1110787
2355
自殺や殺人の衝動に駆られた際には
むしろ服用を勧めるでしょう
18:57
I would recommend it.
357
1113166
1068
しかし アメリカではよりたくさんの人が長期間服用するようになってきました
18:59
But more and more people
in the United States
in the United States
358
1114258
2459
19:01
are taking them long term.
359
1116741
2384
本当にこうした薬はセロトニンの血中濃度を増大させるように作用します
19:03
And indeed, what these drugs do
is raise levels of serotonin.
is raise levels of serotonin.
360
1119149
5365
セロトニンの血中濃度が増大することによって ドーパミン経路を抑圧するのです
19:09
And by raising levels of serotonin,
you suppress the dopamine circuit.
you suppress the dopamine circuit.
361
1124974
4821
19:14
Everybody knows that.
362
1129819
1562
皆さんがご承知の通りです
19:16
Dopamine is associated with romantic love.
363
1131944
2895
ドーパミンは恋愛に関わっています
19:21
Not only do they suppress
the dopamine circuit,
the dopamine circuit,
364
1136627
3150
抗うつ薬はドーパミン減少させるだけでなく性欲も損ないます
19:24
but they kill the sex drive.
365
1139801
1867
性欲を損なえばオルガズムを損なうことにもなります
19:27
And when you kill the sex drive,
you kill orgasm.
you kill orgasm.
366
1142316
3824
オルガズムを損なえば愛着に関連する脳内物質の分泌も損なうことになります
19:30
And when you kill orgasm,
367
1146164
1191
19:32
you kill that flood of drugs
associated with attachment.
associated with attachment.
368
1147379
3867
それらは脳内で連関し合っているのです
19:36
The things are connected in the brain.
369
1151712
2264
19:38
And when you tamper with one brain system,
370
1154000
2656
脳内の１つのシステムをいじってしまえば
同時に別のシステムをいじることにもなります
19:41
you're going to tamper with another.
371
1156680
1945
19:43
I'm just simply saying that a world
without love is a deadly place.
without love is a deadly place.
372
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4754
そして－「愛のない世界はまさに死の世界」です
19:49
So now --
373
1164738
1002
会場（拍手）－ありがとうございます
19:50
(Applause)
374
1165764
4212
19:54
Thank you.
375
1170000
1703
ある話とちょっとした解説をもって締めくくりたいと思います
19:56
I want to end with a story.
376
1171727
1485
19:58
And then, just a comment.
377
1173839
1300
私は30年間 恋愛 セックス 愛着といった問題を研究してきました
20:01
I've been studying romantic love
and sex and attachment for 30 years.
and sex and attachment for 30 years.
378
1176741
4779
私は一卵性双生児です なぜ私たちはこうも似ているのか興味があります
20:08
I'm an identical twin;
I am interested in why we're all alike.
I am interested in why we're all alike.
379
1183774
3516
そして なぜ私があなた方と似ているのか？
20:12
Why you and I are alike,
why the Iraqis and the Japanese
why the Iraqis and the Japanese
380
1187925
3051
20:15
and the Australian Aborigines
and the people of the Amazon River
and the people of the Amazon River
381
1191000
3000
また なぜイラク人と日本人が オーストラリアのアボリジニーとアマゾン川に住む人たちが似ているのか？
20:18
are all alike.
382
1194024
1000
20:20
And about a year ago,
383
1195777
2309
約1年前 出会い系サイトサービスマッチドットコムから
20:22
an Internet dating service,
Match.com, came to me
Match.com, came to me
384
1198110
2985
新しい出会い系サイトをデザインしてくれないかという依頼を受けました
20:25
and asked me if I would design
a new dating site for them.
a new dating site for them.
385
1201119
3652
20:29
I said, "I don't know anything
about personality. You know?
about personality. You know?
386
1204795
2802
「私はパーソナリティについて何の知識もないのですが
20:32
I don't know. Do you think
you've got the right person?"
you've got the right person?"
387
1207621
2720
私が適任だと思いますか？」と返答したのですが
先方の答えは「Yes」でした
20:35
They said, "Yes."
388
1210365
1040
以来 なぜ人はある特定の誰かを好きになるのかと考えるようになりました
20:36
It got me thinking
about why it is that you fall in love
about why it is that you fall in love
389
1211429
3023
20:39
with one person rather than another.
390
1214476
1732
それが目下のプロジェクトで次の著書となるでしょう
20:41
That's my current project;
it will be my next book.
it will be my next book.
391
1216232
3443
他の誰でもなく“その人”に恋に落ちるのには様々な理由があります
20:45
There's all kinds of reasons
392
1220262
1539
20:46
that you fall in love
with one person rather than another.
with one person rather than another.
393
1221825
2753
タイミングは重要です 接近性も重要でしょう
20:49
Timing is important.
Proximity is important.
Proximity is important.
394
1224602
3286
謎めいていることも重要でしょう 謎めいた人に恋をしてしまうものです
20:52
Mystery is important.
395
1227912
1380
20:54
You fall in love with somebody
who's somewhat mysterious,
who's somewhat mysterious,
396
1229316
2729
謎が脳内のドーパミンを刺激し
20:56
in part because mystery
elevates dopamine in the brain,
elevates dopamine in the brain,
397
1232069
2678
人を恋愛の発端に後押しするというのがその理由の一部です
20:59
probably pushes you
over that threshold to fall in love.
over that threshold to fall in love.
398
1234771
2766
また人は「ラブマップ」に適合する相手に恋をします
21:02
You fall in love with somebody
399
1237561
1429
21:03
who fits within
what I call your "love map,"
what I call your "love map,"
400
1239014
2095
それは子どもの頃から無意識に築いてきた特性のリストです
21:05
an unconscious list of traits
401
1241133
2147
21:08
that you build in childhood
as you grow up.
as you grow up.
402
1243304
2314
そういうわけで何かしら
21:10
And I also think
that you gravitate to certain people,
that you gravitate to certain people,
403
1245642
3042
相補的な脳のシステムを持つ人に引かれるのでしょう
21:13
actually, with somewhat
complementary brain systems.
complementary brain systems.
404
1248708
3268
21:16
And that's what I'm now
contributing to this.
contributing to this.
405
1252000
2287
それが進行中のプロジェクトなのですが
ここである話をしたいと思います
21:19
But I want to tell you
a story, to illustrate.
a story, to illustrate.
406
1254311
3665
21:22
I've been carrying on here
about the biology of love.
about the biology of love.
407
1258000
2976
今日は愛の生物学についての話をしてきました
ここで少し愛のカルチャーや魔法についても
21:26
I wanted to show you a little bit
about the culture of it, too,
about the culture of it, too,
408
1261709
3687
話をしたいと思います
21:30
the magic of it.
409
1265420
1167
21:32
It's a story that was told to me
410
1268000
3349
これは人づてに聞いた話ですが
21:36
by somebody who had
heard it just from one --
heard it just from one --
411
1271373
2461
きっと本当の話でしょう
21:38
probably a true story.
412
1273858
1118
ある院生の話です 私はラトガー大学にいて2人の共同研究者がいます その1人アート・アーロンは
21:41
It was a graduate student --
I'm at Rutgers and my two colleagues --
I'm at Rutgers and my two colleagues --
413
1276508
3468
21:44
Art Aron is at SUNY Stony Brook.
414
1280000
1976
ニューヨーク州立大学ストーニーブルック校に在職中です
21:46
That's where we put our people
in the MRI machine.
in the MRI machine.
415
1282000
2371
そこは私たちがMRI検査した場所なのですが
21:49
And this graduate student was madly
in love with another graduate student,
in love with another graduate student,
416
1285000
4563
そこの院生であるこの男性は同じく大学院生の女性に恋をしました
しかし女性のほうは彼に気はありませんでした
21:54
and she was not in love with him.
417
1289587
2373
ある時2人は北京で行われた学会に参加していました
21:58
And they were
all at a conference in Beijing.
all at a conference in Beijing.
418
1293206
2255
彼は 私たちの研究から誰かと奇抜なことを一緒にすると
22:01
And he knew from our work
419
1296485
3034
22:04
that if you go and do something
very novel with somebody,
very novel with somebody,
420
1299543
4408
ドーパミンが増大し
22:08
you can drive up
the dopamine in the brain,
the dopamine in the brain,
421
1303975
2001
22:10
and perhaps trigger this brain
system for romantic love.
system for romantic love.
422
1306000
3693
それが脳内の恋愛システムに働きかける可能性があると知っていたのです－会場（笑）
22:14
(Laughter)
423
1309717
2157
そして彼は実験をしてみることにしたのです
22:16
So he decided he'd put science to work.
424
1311898
3886
彼はその女性をリキシャに乗りに出かけようと誘いました
22:21
And he invited this girl to go off
on a rickshaw ride with him.
on a rickshaw ride with him.
425
1316624
3334
22:25
And sure enough -- I've never been in one,
426
1320809
2069
私は乗ったことがないのですが 明らかに
22:27
but apparently they go
all around the buses and the trucks
all around the buses and the trucks
427
1322902
2738
バスやトラックの合間をリキシャで走り抜けるのは
クレイジーで騒々しく人を興奮させる体験です
22:30
and it's crazy and it's noisy
and it's exciting.
and it's exciting.
428
1325664
2818
彼女のドーパミンが増えれば恋愛が
22:33
He figured that this would drive up
the dopamine,
the dopamine,
429
1328506
2286
成就すると期待したのです
22:35
and she'd fall in love with him.
430
1330816
1532
ふたりは出発しました 彼女は悲鳴を上げ 彼を抱きしめ
22:37
So off they go and she's squealing
and squeezing him
and squeezing him
431
1332372
4974
笑い 素晴らしい時間をすごしました
22:42
and laughing and having a wonderful time.
432
1337370
2517
22:44
An hour later they get down
off of the rickshaw,
off of the rickshaw,
433
1339911
3539
約１時間後 彼らはリキシャを降りました
22:48
and she throws her hands up and she says,
434
1343474
3580
すると彼女は感激して言いました 「素敵だったわ！」と
22:51
"Wasn't that wonderful?"
435
1347078
2312
「あのリキシャの運転手も素敵だったわ！」と
22:54
And, "Wasn't that rickshaw
driver handsome!"
driver handsome!"
436
1349414
3414
22:57
(Laughter)
437
1352852
3069
会場（笑）（拍手）
23:00
(Applause)
438
1355945
6031
23:06
There's magic to love!
439
1362000
1162
愛の魔法です！
23:07
(Applause)
440
1363186
1611
締めくくります ―何百万年も前３つの動因が進化しました
23:09
But I will end by saying
that millions of years ago,
that millions of years ago,
441
1364821
3620
23:13
we evolved three basic drives:
442
1368465
2332
性欲 恋愛 長年のパートナーへの愛着です
23:15
the sex drive, romantic love
443
1370821
2519
23:18
and attachment to a long-term partner.
444
1373364
2340
これらの経路は脳内に埋め込まれています
23:20
These circuits are deeply
embedded in the human brain.
embedded in the human brain.
445
1375728
3079
人類が生きながらえる限りこれらも生き続けるのです
23:24
They're going to survive
as long as our species survives
as long as our species survives
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シェイクスピアの表現を借りると「この世のわずらわしさ」として
23:28
on what Shakespeare called
"this mortal coil."
"this mortal coil."
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ありがとうございました－会場（拍手）
23:31
Thank you.
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23:32
Chris Anderson: Helen Fisher!
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23:33
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Fisher - Anthropologist, expert on loveAnthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love.
Why you should listen
Fisher's several books lay bare the mysteries of our most treasured emotion: its evolution, its biochemical foundations and its vital importance to human society. Fisher describes love as a universal human drive (stronger than the sex drive; stronger than thirst or hunger; stronger perhaps than the will to live), and her many areas of inquiry shed light on timeless human mysteries like why we choose one partner over another. Her classic study, Anatomy of Love, first published in 1992, has just been re-issued in a fully updated edition, including her recent neuroimaging research on lust, romantic love and attachment as well as discussions of sexting, hooking up, friends with benefits, other contemporary trends in courtship and marriage, and a dramatic current trend she calls “slow love.”
Helen Fisher | Speaker | TED.com