TED2006
Helen Fisher: Why we love, why we cheat
海倫費舍爾講愛與不忠
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人類學家海倫費希爾同大家講一個棘手嘅話題 - 愛 - 並解釋其演變，佢嘅生化基礎同社會意義。她最後警告大家濫用抗抑鬱藥嘅潛在危機。
Helen Fisher - Anthropologist, expert on love
Anthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love. Full bio
Anthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
今日我想跟大家講吓未來世紀兩個最大嘅社會趨勢
00:25
I'd like to talk today
about the two biggest social trends
about the two biggest social trends
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in the coming century,
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00:31
and perhaps in the next 10,000 years.
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或者會係未來一萬年嘅事。
但我想由我對浪漫愛情嘅研究講起
00:34
But I want to start
with my work on romantic love,
with my work on romantic love,
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00:38
because that's my most recent work.
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因為呢樣係我最近期嘅工作
我同我啲同事將32個瘋狂地戀愛緊嘅人
00:41
What I and my colleagues did was put
32 people, who were madly in love,
32 people, who were madly in love,
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00:45
into a functional MRI brain scanner.
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放入一部大腦功能磁力共振掃描儀
其中17個相戀緊嘅人，佢哋嘅愛有被對方接受
00:48
17 who were madly in love
and their love was accepted;
and their love was accepted;
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其餘15個人都係瘋狂地愛緊，但佢哋啱啱被人拋棄
00:51
and 15 who were madly in love
and they had just been dumped.
and they had just been dumped.
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我想同你哋講呢件事先
00:54
And so I want to tell you
about that first,
about that first,
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然後再講我覺得愛情會點樣發展
00:57
and then go on into where
I think love is going.
I think love is going.
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01:01
(Laughter)
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01:03
"What 'tis to love?" Shakespeare said.
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莎士比亞問「愛係乜嘢?」
我認為，我們嘅祖先 - 我認為人類一直都喺度思索呢個問題
01:07
I think our ancestors --
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01:09
I think human beings have been
wondering about this question
wondering about this question
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從他們在100萬年前，圍着營火而坐，觀看星際的時候開始
01:13
since they sat around their campfires
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01:15
or lay and watched
the stars a million years ago.
the stars a million years ago.
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01:19
I started out by trying to figure out
what romantic love was
what romantic love was
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我開始嘗試了解浪漫愛情係乜嘢
睇翻過去45年以來嘅研究 - 淨係關於心理學嘅研究
01:22
by looking at the last 45 years
of the psychological research
of the psychological research
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01:28
and as it turns out,
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我發現當人墜入愛河嘅時候，以下一系列嘅事會發生
01:29
there's a very specific group of things
that happen when you fall in love.
that happen when you fall in love.
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首先發生嘅就是，我所講嘅
01:34
The first thing that happens is,
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01:36
a person begins to take on
what I call, "special meaning."
what I call, "special meaning."
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一個人開始產生我所講嘅「特殊意義」
正如一位貨車司機曾經對我講
01:40
As a truck driver once said to me,
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佢講：「世界有咗一個新嘅中心點，而呢個中心就係瑪麗安妮」
01:42
"The world had a new center,
and that center was Mary Anne."
and that center was Mary Anne."
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01:46
George Bernard Shaw said it differently.
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蕭伯納嘅講法有啲唔同
佢話：「愛情係高估咗一個女人同另一個女人之間嘅差別」
01:48
"Love consists of overestimating
the differences
the differences
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01:51
between one woman and another."
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事實就係咁樣（眾笑)
01:53
And indeed, that's what we do.
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01:55
(Laughter)
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01:58
And then you just focus on this person.
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然後你淨係集中喺呢個人身上
02:01
You can list what you
don't like about them,
don't like about them,
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你可以列出你唔喜歡佢地乜嘢
但你可以將呢啲嘢放理一邊，淨係專注你自己所做嘅嘢
02:04
but then you sweep that aside
and focus on what you do.
and focus on what you do.
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02:07
As Chaucer said, "Love is blind."
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正如喬叟講：「愛情係盲目嘅」
02:11
In trying to understand romantic love,
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為咗嘗試了解浪漫愛情
02:13
I decided I would read poetry
from all over the world,
from all over the world,
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我決定翻讀世界各地嘅詩歌韻文
02:16
and I just want to give
you one very short poem
you one very short poem
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我想同你分享一段來自第八世紀中國嘅短詩
02:19
from eighth-century China,
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佢將一個專注地鍾情於一個女人嘅男人描述得淋漓盡致
02:20
because it's an almost perfect example
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02:22
of a man who is focused totally
on a particular woman.
on a particular woman.
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就好似當你瘋狂地愛上咗一個人
02:26
It's a little bit like when you are
madly in love with somebody
madly in love with somebody
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當你入到一個停車場嘅時候
02:29
and you walk into a parking lot --
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嗰個人部車同停車場入面嘅其他車係唔同嘅
02:31
their car is different
from every other car in the parking lot.
from every other car in the parking lot.
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就算係晚宴嘅時候，佢哋嘅酒杯都特別同宴會上其他人嘅酒杯唔同
02:34
Their wine glass at dinner
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02:36
is different from every other wine glass
at the dinner party.
at the dinner party.
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02:39
And in this case, a man got hooked
on a bamboo sleeping mat.
on a bamboo sleeping mat.
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而喺呢一首詩入面，一個男人對一張竹蓆情有獨鍾
呢首詩嘅作者係元稹，内容係
02:44
And it goes like this.
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It's by a guy called Yuan Zhen.
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「竹簟衬重茵，未忍都令卷
02:48
"I cannot bear to put away
the bamboo sleeping mat.
the bamboo sleeping mat.
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忆昨初来日，看君自施展」
02:51
The night I brought you home,
I watched you roll it out."
I watched you roll it out."
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他迷上咗嗰一張蓆
02:55
He became hooked on a sleeping mat,
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可能係因為佢大腦嘅多巴胺提升咗
02:57
probably because of elevated activity
of dopamine in his brain,
of dopamine in his brain,
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就好似你同我一樣
03:00
just like with you and me.
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呢個人唔單只產生咗特別嘅意義
03:02
But anyway, not only does this person
take on special meaning,
take on special meaning,
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你會專注予他們
03:05
you focus your attention on them.
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03:07
You aggrandize them.
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你會誇大佢。而你會有強烈嘅能量
03:09
But you have intense energy.
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正如一位波利尼西亞人講，「我想喺天上面跳」
03:11
As one Polynesian said,
"I felt like jumping in the sky."
"I felt like jumping in the sky."
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你可以成晚唔瞓。你可以行路到天亮
03:15
You're up all night.
You're walking till dawn.
You're walking till dawn.
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事情進展順利嘅時候，你會覺得無比喜悅
03:18
You feel intense elation
when things are going well;
when things are going well;
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但當遇到任何唔如意嘅事，你嘅情緒可以波動到絕望同可怕嘅程度
03:21
mood swings into horrible despair
when things are going poorly.
when things are going poorly.
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你會變得好依賴呢個人
03:24
Real dependence on this person.
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正如一位喺紐約嘅商人對我講，佢話「佢鍾意乜，我就鍾意乜。」
03:27
As one businessman in New York said to me,
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"Anything she liked, I liked."
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簡單。浪漫愛情是很簡單的。
03:32
Simple. Romantic love is very simple.
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03:35
You become extremely sexually possessive.
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你嘅性佔有欲會變得好強
03:37
You know, if you're just sleeping
with somebody casually,
with somebody casually,
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你知道，如果你隨便同一個人上床
03:40
you don't really care
if they're sleeping with somebody else.
if they're sleeping with somebody else.
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你不會介意佢同其他人上床
但是，當你愛上一個人嘅時候
03:43
But the moment you fall in love,
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你對佢嘅性佔有欲會變得非常強烈
03:45
you become extremely
sexually possessive of them.
sexually possessive of them.
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從達爾文理論來講，我認為這一點是有意義嘅
03:47
I think there's a Darwinian
purpose to this.
purpose to this.
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03:50
The whole point of this
is to pull two people together
is to pull two people together
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整個目的就係將兩人拉埋一齊
等佢地可以一齊開始照顧嬰兒
03:53
strongly enough to begin
to rear babies as a team.
to rear babies as a team.
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03:57
But the main characteristics
of romantic love are craving:
of romantic love are craving:
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但係，浪漫愛情嘅主要特徵係渴望
04:00
an intense craving
to be with a particular person,
to be with a particular person,
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對某一個人產生嘅強烈渴望，唔單只喺性欲上，喺感情上都係
04:04
not just sexually, but emotionally.
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04:06
It would be nice to go to bed with them,
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你寧願 - 同但上床都唔錯
但你希望佢會打電話畀你，約你去街，等等
04:10
but you want them to call you
on the telephone, to invite you out, etc.,
on the telephone, to invite you out, etc.,
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04:14
to tell you that they love you.
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然後對你講，佢愛你
04:17
The other main characteristic
is motivation.
is motivation.
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另一個主要嘅特點係動力
你大腦嘅摩打會開始郁，你想得到呢個人
04:22
The motor in the brain begins to crank,
and you want this person.
and you want this person.
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04:25
And last but not least,
it is an obsession.
it is an obsession.
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最後，但唔可以忽視嘅，愛係一種痴迷
當我將嗰啲人放入磁力共振掃描儀之前
04:28
Before I put these people
in the MRI machine,
in the MRI machine,
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04:32
I would ask them all kinds of questions.
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我會問佢地各種問題
04:34
But my most important question
was always the same.
was always the same.
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但係，最重要嗰個問題是一樣嘅
呢個問題係：「一日一夜之中，百分之幾嘅時間你會諗住呢個人？」
04:37
It was: "What percentage of the day
and night do you think about this person?"
and night do you think about this person?"
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佢地眞係會講「成日。成晚。我無辦法唔去諗佢。」
04:42
And indeed, they would say,
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"All day. All night.
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04:46
I can never stop thinking
about him or her."
about him or her."
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04:49
And then, the very last question --
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然後，最後一個問題，我會問佢地 --
04:51
I would always have to work
myself up to this question,
myself up to this question,
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我每次都要為呢個問題作好心理準備
因為我唔係心理學家
04:54
because I'm not a psychologist.
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喺工作上，我唔會接觸到受過創傷嘅人
04:55
I don't work with people
in any kind of traumatic situation.
in any kind of traumatic situation.
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而我最後嗰個問題每次都係一樣
04:59
My final question was always the same.
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我會問「你會唔會為佢而死呀？」
05:01
I would say,
"Would you die for him or her?"
"Would you die for him or her?"
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而事實上，呢啲人會答「會！」
05:04
And, indeed, these people would say "Yes!"
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就好像我問佢地可唔可以遞啲鹽過來
05:06
as if I had asked them to pass the salt.
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真係好得人驚
05:08
I was just staggered by it.
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05:12
So we scanned their brains,
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所以，我哋掃描佢哋嘅大腦，畀佢哋睇吓佢哋情人嘅相片，然後畀佢哋睇一張沒乜特別嘅相片
05:15
looking at a photograph
of their sweetheart
of their sweetheart
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05:17
and looking at a neutral photograph,
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仲有畀一啲令佢哋分心嘅任務
05:18
with a distraction task in between.
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咁我哋就可以發現 - 睇住同一個腦袋，當佢興奮嘅狀態
05:20
So we could look at the same brain
when it was in that heightened state
when it was in that heightened state
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05:25
and when it was in a resting state.
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同當佢靜止嘅狀態
我哋發現喺多個大腦區域都有活動
05:28
And we found activity
in a lot of brain regions.
in a lot of brain regions.
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事實上，最重要嘅就係其中一個大腦區域
05:30
In fact, one of the most important
was a brain region
was a brain region
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呢個大腦區域受到可卡因刺激時會活躍起來
05:33
that becomes active
when you feel the rush of cocaine.
when you feel the rush of cocaine.
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事實上就係咁樣
05:37
And indeed, that's exactly what happens.
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05:40
I began to realize that romantic love
is not an emotion.
is not an emotion.
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我開始明白，浪漫愛情并唔係一種情感
我一直認為佢係一系列嘅情緒
05:45
In fact, I had always thought
it was a series of emotions,
it was a series of emotions,
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從極高至極低
05:47
from very high to very low.
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05:49
But actually, it's a drive.
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但實際上，佢係一個驅動器。佢來自於意念中嘅摩打
05:51
It comes from the motor of the mind,
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05:53
the wanting part of the mind,
the craving part of the mind.
the craving part of the mind.
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意念中希望嗰一部分，意念中渴望嗰一部分。
呢種意念 - 就好似
05:57
The kind of part of the mind
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05:58
when you're reaching
for that piece of chocolate,
for that piece of chocolate,
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當你伸手去攞嗰一塊朱古力
當你想升職嘅時侯
06:01
when you want to win
that promotion at work.
that promotion at work.
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大腦入面嘅摩打，係一個驅動器
06:05
The motor of the brain.
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06:07
It's a drive.
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06:08
And in fact, I think it's more powerful
than the sex drive.
than the sex drive.
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而事實上，我覺得佢比性慾更強烈
你諗吓，如果你要求一個人同你上床，然後佢話「唔好啦，多謝」
06:11
You know, if you ask somebody
to go to bed with you,
to go to bed with you,
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06:14
and they say, "No, thank you,"
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你一定不會因為咁而自殺或者陷入抑鬱症
06:15
you certainly don't kill yourself
or slip into a clinical depression.
or slip into a clinical depression.
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但係，世界各地，肯定有好多被愛拒絕嘅人都甘心為佢而死
06:19
But certainly, around the world,
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06:22
people who are rejected
in love will kill for it.
in love will kill for it.
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人為愛而生。為愛殺人。為愛而死。
06:27
People live for love.
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06:28
They kill for love.
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06:29
They die for love.
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06:31
They have songs, poems, novels,
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佢哋有歌曲，詩歌，小說，雕塑，繪畫，神話，傳說。
06:34
sculptures, paintings, myths, legends.
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喺超過175個社會裹面，都有呢樣強大嘅大腦系統留低嘅證據
06:38
In over 175 societies,
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people have left their evidence
of this powerful brain system.
of this powerful brain system.
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我認為呢個係地球上最勁嘅大腦系統
06:45
I have come to think
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it's one of the most powerful
brain systems on Earth
brain systems on Earth
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佢同時產生無比喜悅同無比悲痛
06:49
for both great joy and great sorrow.
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我認為，佢係三個之中嘅一個
06:52
And I've also come to think
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06:53
that it's one of three
basically different brain systems
basically different brain systems
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基本上經交配同繁殖演變出來嘅大腦系統，
06:57
that evolved from mating and reproduction.
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第一係性慾，追求滿足性嘅欲望
06:59
One is the sex drive:
the craving for sexual gratification.
the craving for sexual gratification.
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07:03
W.H. Auden called it
an "intolerable neural itch,"
an "intolerable neural itch,"
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W.H.奧登叫佢做「頂唔順嘅神經癢」
07:06
and indeed, that's what it is.
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而事實上就係咁
佢一直煩住你一啲啲，就好似肚餓咁
07:09
It keeps bothering you
a little bit, like being hungry.
a little bit, like being hungry.
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第二個大腦系統係浪漫嘅愛情
07:13
The second of these three brain
systems is romantic love:
systems is romantic love:
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07:16
that elation, obsession of early love.
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嗰種歡欣鼓舞，痴迷嘅熱戀
07:18
And the third brain system is attachment:
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第三個大腦系統係依戀感
你可以喺老伴身邊感受到嘅平靜同安全
07:21
that sense of calm and security
you can feel for a long-term partner.
you can feel for a long-term partner.
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07:25
And I think that the sex drive
evolved to get you out there,
evolved to get you out there,
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我認為性慾嘅進化係為咗帶你走來
去搵一系列嘅伴侶
07:28
looking for a whole range of partners.
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你知道，當你開車嗰陣時你可以感受到
07:30
You can feel it when you're just
driving along in your car.
driving along in your car.
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注意力唔使特別用喺任何人身上
07:33
It can be focused on nobody.
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我覺得愛情係進化出來嘅，令你能夠集中交配嘅精力
07:35
I think romantic love evolved
to enable you to focus your mating energy
to enable you to focus your mating energy
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07:38
on just one individual at a time,
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任何時間都只係响一個人身上
07:40
thereby conserving mating time and energy.
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以節省交配時間同精力
07:43
And I think that attachment,
the third brain system,
the third brain system,
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而我認為，依戀感，第三個大腦系統
進化來使你能夠容忍呢個人（眾笑）
07:46
evolved to enable you to tolerate
this human being
this human being
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07:49
at least long enough to raise
a child together as a team.
a child together as a team.
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等你們有至少足夠時間一齊養大一個細路
07:55
So with that preamble,
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以此序言，我想討論兩個最深長嘅社會趨勢
07:57
I want to go into discussing
the two most profound social trends.
the two most profound social trends.
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08:03
One of the last 10,000 years
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過往一萬年- 至少係過去25年 -
08:06
and the other,
certainly of the last 25 years,
certainly of the last 25 years,
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對呢三個不同嘅大腦系統會有一定嘅影響
08:10
that are going to have an impact
on these three different brain systems:
on these three different brain systems:
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對一個伴侶嘅性慾望，愛情同依戀感
08:15
lust, romantic love
and deep attachment to a partner.
and deep attachment to a partner.
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首先係婦女工作，進入勞動市場
08:19
The first is women working,
moving into the workforce.
moving into the workforce.
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我從聯合國人口年鑑中查看咗150 或130個社會
08:26
I've looked at 130 societies
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08:29
through the demographic yearbooks
of the United Nations.
of the United Nations.
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喺世界各地，130個國家，其中有129個，婦女唔單只進入就業市場 --
08:31
Everywhere in the world,
129 out of 130 of them,
129 out of 130 of them,
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08:36
women are not only moving
into the job market --
into the job market --
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08:38
sometimes very, very slowly,
but they are moving into the job market --
but they are moving into the job market --
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雖然有時係非常，非常緩慢地，但佢地都進入緊就業市場 --
08:42
and they are very slowly closing
that gap between men and women
that gap between men and women
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而男女之間喺經濟實力，衛生同教育方面
08:46
in terms of economic power,
health and education.
health and education.
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嘅差距慢慢咁縮細
好慢咁縮細
08:50
It's very slow.
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08:51
For every trend on this planet,
there's a counter-trend.
there's a counter-trend.
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每一個趨勢 - 喺呢個星球上，都有一個反趨勢
08:54
We all know of them, but nevertheless --
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我地都知道佢地嘅存在，然而 - 正如阿拉伯古語
08:57
the Arabs say, "The dogs may bark,
but the caravan moves on."
but the caravan moves on."
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阿拉伯人話「狗可以吠，但車隊仍會向前行」
而事實上，呢隊車隊向緊前行
09:03
And, indeed, that caravan is moving on.
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婦女重返就業市場
09:05
Women are moving back into the job market.
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我話重返就業市場，因為呢樣並唔係新事
09:08
And I say back into the job market,
because this is not new.
because this is not new.
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幾百萬年以來，喺非洲嘅草原上
09:12
For millions of years,
on the grasslands of Africa,
on the grasslands of Africa,
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婦女為工作而通勤，收集佢地嘅蔬菜
09:15
women commuted to work
to gather their vegetables.
to gather their vegetables.
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佢地帶百分之六十至八十嘅晚餐返屋企
09:18
They came home with 60 to 80 percent
of the evening meal.
of the evening meal.
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09:22
The double income family was the standard.
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雙收入家庭係當時嘅標準
09:25
And women were regarded
as just as economically,
as just as economically,
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經濟上，社會上同性權力上，當時婦女嘅力量同男人不相百仲
09:29
socially and sexually powerful as men.
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09:32
In short, we're really
moving forward to the past.
moving forward to the past.
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總之，我地就好似返番去以前
然後，對婦女來講，最弊嘅發明就係犁
09:37
Then, women's worst
invention was the plow.
invention was the plow.
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隨著人開始用犁耕作後，男人喺角色變得非常強大
09:42
With the beginning of plow agriculture,
men's roles became extremely powerful.
men's roles became extremely powerful.
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婦女失去咗佢地以往採集者嘅任務
09:46
Women lost their ancient
jobs as collectors,
jobs as collectors,
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但隨着工業革命同後工業革命
09:50
but then with the industrial revolution
and the post-industrial revolution
and the post-industrial revolution
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佢地返回就業市場
09:54
they're moving back into the job market.
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簡言之，佢地重新得到佢地喺100萬年前擁有嘅地位
09:56
In short, they are acquiring the status
that they had a million years ago,
that they had a million years ago,
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一萬年前，十萬年前。
10:01
10,000 years ago, 100,000 years ago.
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10:04
We are seeing now one
of the most remarkable traditions
of the most remarkable traditions
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我地依家睇嘅係人類歷史上一個最顯著嘅傳統
10:09
in the history of the human animal.
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而佢係會產生影響嘅
10:13
And it's going to have an impact.
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我通常會用成個講議講婦女喺商界嘅影響
10:15
I generally give a whole lecture
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10:16
on the impact of women
on the business community.
on the business community.
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我今日只會略略講一下，然後再講性同愛
10:18
I'll say just a couple of things,
and then go on to sex and love.
and then go on to sex and love.
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性別上嘅差異有好多
10:22
There's a lot of gender differences;
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認為男人跟女人是相同嘅人大慨從來未試過帶大一個男孩同一個女孩吧
10:23
anybody who thinks men and women are alike
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10:26
simply never had a boy and a girl child.
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我唔知道佢地點解認為男人因女人都是一樣嘅
10:28
I don't know why they want to think
that men and women are alike.
that men and women are alike.
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我地有好多共通點，但喺很多方面
10:31
There's much we have in common,
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10:32
but there's a whole lot
that we do not have in common.
that we do not have in common.
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我地無共通點
10:35
We are -- in the words of Ted Hughes,
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我地係 - 引用泰德休斯嘅話
10:37
"I think that we are like two feet.
We need each other to get ahead."
We need each other to get ahead."
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「我認為，我地係專登生成咁樣嘅 - 我地就好似兩隻腳。我地需要對方先至可以前進」
但係，我地無進化到個大腦一樣
10:42
But we did not evolve
to have the same brain.
to have the same brain.
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10:45
And we're finding more and more
gender differences in the brain.
gender differences in the brain.
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我地從大腦中發現越來越多性別上嘅差異
我只舉幾個例子，然後就講性與愛。
10:49
I'll only just use a couple
and then move on to sex and love.
and then move on to sex and love.
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10:52
One of them is women's verbal ability.
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其中之一是女人嘅口頭表達能力。女人好講得。
10:54
Women can talk.
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10:55
Women's ability to find the right word
rapidly, basic articulation
rapidly, basic articulation
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女人有迅速地選擇合適嘅詞語同基本發音嘅能力，而呢個能力
10:59
goes up in the middle
of the menstrual cycle,
of the menstrual cycle,
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係會隨着雌激素水平上升而題升，喺月經週期嘅中段達到高峰
11:02
when estrogen levels peak.
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但即使喺月經期間，佢地嘅語言能力都仲係比一般男人強
11:03
But even at menstruation,
they're better than the average man.
they're better than the average man.
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女人十分「講得」
11:07
Women can talk.
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數百萬年來佢地一直都係咁;文字係婦女嘅工具
11:09
They've been doing it for a million years;
words were women's tools.
words were women's tools.
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11:12
They held that baby
in front of their face,
in front of their face,
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佢地將嬰兒放喺面前
哄佢，譴責佢，教佢講嘢
11:14
cajoling it, reprimanding it,
educating it with words.
educating it with words.
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而事實上，佢地成為緊一股非常強大嘅力量
11:18
And, indeed, they're becoming
a very powerful force.
a very powerful force.
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11:21
Even in places like India and Japan,
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即使喺印度同日本呢啲國家
儘管婦女未能迅速地進入正規就業市場
11:27
where women are not moving rapidly
into the regular job market,
into the regular job market,
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11:30
they're moving into journalism.
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佢地好多時投身新聞界
11:32
And I think that the television
is like the global campfire.
is like the global campfire.
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我認為電視就好似全球性嘅營火
11:36
We sit around it and it shapes our minds.
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我地圍着佢坐，佢塑造着我地嘅思想
11:40
Almost always, when I'm on TV,
the producer who calls me,
the producer who calls me,
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幾乎每次，當我電視上嘅時候，打電話俾我嘅制片人都係女人
同我地談判演講內容嘅總係一個女人
11:44
who negotiates what we're going to say,
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11:47
is a woman.
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事實上，索爾仁尼琴曾經講過
11:48
In fact, Solzhenitsyn once said,
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「有一個好嘅筆者就係有另一個政府」
11:50
"To have a great writer
is to have another government."
is to have another government."
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今日，美國百分之五十四嘅作家係女人。
11:54
Today 54 percent of people
who are writers in America are women.
who are writers in America are women.
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呢樣係女性許多，許多特色之其一
11:59
It's one of many,
many characteristics that women have
many characteristics that women have
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佢地可以將呢個能力帶入就業市場
12:02
that they will bring into the job market.
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佢地有令人難以置信嘅人際技巧，談判技巧
12:04
They've got incredible people skills,
negotiating skills.
negotiating skills.
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佢地好有想像力
12:09
They're highly imaginative.
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12:10
We now know the brain circuitry
of imagination, of long-term planning.
of imagination, of long-term planning.
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我地依家知道想像力同長期規劃能力嘅大腦電路系統
佢地往往係網絡思想家
12:15
They tend to be web thinkers.
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12:17
Because the female parts
of the brain are better connected,
of the brain are better connected,
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由於女性嘅大腦部分比男人嘅連接得更好
當女人思考時，佢地往往會收集更多嘅數據
12:20
they tend to collect more
pieces of data when they think,
pieces of data when they think,
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將佢地放入複雜嘅模式，睇到更多選擇同結果
12:23
put them into more complex patterns,
see more options and outcomes.
see more options and outcomes.
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佢地往往着重於關聯性嘅，整體嘅思想家，我所稱之為嘅網絡思想家
12:28
They tend to be contextual,
holistic thinkers,
holistic thinkers,
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12:32
what I call web thinkers.
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12:33
Men tend to -- and these are averages --
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男性嘅傾向係 - 普遍來講 - 往往拋開佢地認為無關嘅
12:35
tend to get rid of what they regard
as extraneous,
as extraneous,
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淨係專注於佢地做緊嘅嘢，並用一步一步嘅思維模式運作
12:38
focus on what they do,
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12:39
and move in a more
step-by-step thinking pattern.
step-by-step thinking pattern.
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呢兩種都是非常好嘅思維方式
12:45
They're both perfectly good
ways of thinking.
ways of thinking.
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我地需要有呢兩種思維方式先可以成功
12:48
We need both of them to get ahead.
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12:50
In fact, there's many more
male geniuses in the world.
male geniuses in the world.
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事實上，世上嘅男天才比女嘅多
12:53
And there's also many more
male idiots in the world.
male idiots in the world.
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但世上嘅男白痴就更多（眾笑）
12:56
(Laughter)
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當男性大腦運作良好嘅時候，佢可運作得非常好。
12:58
When the male brain works well,
it works extremely well.
it works extremely well.
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我確實認為我地建立緊一個合作性嘅社會
13:01
And what I really think
that we're doing is,
that we're doing is,
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13:04
we're moving towards
a collaborative society,
a collaborative society,
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喺呢個社會入面，越來越多人會理解男性同女性嘅才能
13:07
a society in which the talents
of both men and women
of both men and women
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13:09
are becoming understood
and valued and employed.
and valued and employed.
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而被重視同使用
13:13
But in fact, women moving
into the job market
into the job market
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但事實上，婦女進入就業市場正產生緊巨大嘅影響
13:16
is having a huge impact
on sex and romance and family life.
on sex and romance and family life.
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喺性，感情同家庭生活方面
最重要嘅係，女性正開始表達佢地嘅性特性
13:22
Foremost, women are starting
to express their sexuality.
to express their sexuality.
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13:27
I'm always astonished
when people come to me and say,
when people come to me and say,
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我總覺得驚訝，當人哋同我講：
「男人點解咁鍾意去滾呢?」
13:30
"Why is it that men are so adulterous?"
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我會講：「你點解覺得男人去滾多過女人呢？」
13:32
"Why do you think
more men are adulterous than women?"
more men are adulterous than women?"
260
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2713
「哦，總之男人就係鍾意去滾多啲！」
13:35
"Well, men are more adulterous!"
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1571
我會講，「咁你認為呢啲男人會同咩人上床呀？」
13:36
And I say, "Who do you think
these men are sleeping with?"
these men are sleeping with?"
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基本嘅數學！（眾笑）
13:39
(Laughter)
263
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1404
13:41
And -- basic math!
264
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1728
總之。
13:42
Anyway.
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喺西方世界裡面，細路女開始 -
13:44
In the Western world,
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13:47
women start sooner at sex,
have more partners,
have more partners,
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女性較早有性行為，而且有更多嘅性伴侶
13:50
express less remorse
for the partners that they do,
for the partners that they do,
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對佢地有過嘅伴侶比較少後悔
13:53
marry later, have fewer children,
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晚婚，少生細路，會離開唔愉快嘅婚姻，去得到更好嘅婚姻
13:56
leave bad marriages
in order to get good ones.
in order to get good ones.
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2905
13:59
We are seeing the rise
of female sexual expression.
of female sexual expression.
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3979
我地睇到女性嘅性表達加強
而事實上，我地再次邁向嘅性表現
14:03
And, indeed, once again we're moving
forward to the kind of sexual expression
forward to the kind of sexual expression
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可能就好似我地一百萬年前喺非洲嘅草原見過嘅
14:08
that we probably saw on the grasslands
of Africa a million years ago,
of Africa a million years ago,
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3684
14:11
because this is the kind
of sexual expression that we see
of sexual expression that we see
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2976
因為呢種性表現就好似我哋
14:14
in hunting and gathering societies today.
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今日喺狩獵同採集性嘅社會裡面可以睇看到嘅
14:17
We're also returning
to an ancient form of marriage equality.
to an ancient form of marriage equality.
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我地有番古老嘅平等形式婚姻
啲人依家話，二十一世紀
14:22
They're now saying that the 21st century
277
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4556
14:26
is going to be the century of what
they call the "symmetrical marriage,"
they call the "symmetrical marriage,"
278
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3976
會係佢地所講嘅「對稱婚姻」嘅世紀
14:30
or the "pure marriage,"
or the "companionate marriage."
or the "companionate marriage."
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或者「純粹婚姻」，或者「伴侶婚姻」
呢樣係一個平等夥伴之間嘅婚姻
14:36
This is a marriage between equals,
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14:39
moving forward to a pattern
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2443
返番去一個配合古代人類精神嘅模式
14:42
that is highly compatible
with the ancient human spirit.
with the ancient human spirit.
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3134
14:46
We're also seeing a rise of romantic love.
283
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我地亦都見到浪漫愛情嘅興起
14:49
91 percent of American women
and 86 percent of American men
and 86 percent of American men
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百分之91嘅美國女性，同百分之86嘅美國男人
不會同一個合符嗮佢地要求嘅人結婚
14:53
would not marry somebody
who had every single quality
who had every single quality
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4603
14:58
they were looking for in a partner,
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1816
除非佢愛嗰個人
15:00
if they were not in love with that person.
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世界各地嘅人，喺37個社會嘅研究
15:03
People around the world,
in a study of 37 societies,
in a study of 37 societies,
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希望會愛佢地嘅結婚對象
15:06
want to be in love
with the person that they marry.
with the person that they marry.
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3637
事實上，盲婚啞嫁嘅包辦婚姻正漸漸没落
15:10
Indeed, arranged marriages are
on their way off this braid of human life.
on their way off this braid of human life.
290
885946
6054
15:20
I even think that marriages
might even become more stable
might even become more stable
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2794
我甚至認為婚姻可能會變得更加穩定
因為世界上第二大嘅趨勢
15:23
because of the second great world trend.
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898436
3754
第一個係婦女進入就業市場
15:27
The first one being women
moving into the job market,
moving into the job market,
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2762
15:29
the second one being
the aging world population.
the aging world population.
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第二個係世界人口老齡化
15:32
They're now saying that in America,
295
907874
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人地依家話，喺美國，
到85歲都仲係算係中年
15:35
that middle age should be regarded
as up to age 85.
as up to age 85.
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3651
因為就算係呢個最高嘅年齡組別，76至85歲 --
15:39
Because in that highest
age category of 76 to 85,
age category of 76 to 85,
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914642
4879
差唔多百分之四十嘅人身體冇乜問題
15:44
as much as 40 percent of people
have nothing really wrong with them.
have nothing really wrong with them.
298
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3431
15:47
So we're seeing there's a real
extension of middle age.
extension of middle age.
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3382
所以，我哋睇到中年嘅延長
15:51
For one of my books,
I looked at divorce data in 58 societies.
I looked at divorce data in 58 societies.
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5262
我查過 - 為我嘅一本書，我查過58個社會離婚嘅數據
15:56
And as it turns out, the older you get,
the less likely you are to divorce.
the less likely you are to divorce.
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我發現，你年紀越大，離婚嘅可能性就越低
因此，美國依家嘅離婚率穩定
16:01
So the divorce rate right now
is stable in America,
is stable in America,
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3601
實際上開始跌
16:05
and it's actually beginning to decline.
303
940221
2334
16:07
It may decline some more.
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942579
1602
可能仲會再跌低啲
我甚至覺得，隨著偉哥，雌激素補充，髖關節置換
16:11
I would even say that with Viagra,
305
947133
3999
16:15
estrogen replacement, hip replacements
306
951156
3815
同埋難以置信地有趣嘅女人
16:19
and the incredibly interesting women
307
954995
1981
16:21
-- women have never been
as interesting as they are now.
as interesting as they are now.
308
957000
3105
--女人從來未試過好似佢地依家咁有趣
喺呢個星球，女人從來未試過好似依家咁高教育，咁有味道，咁能幹
16:24
Not at any time on this planet
have women been so educated,
have women been so educated,
309
960129
3458
16:28
so interesting, so capable.
310
963611
1947
所以，我眞係認為，如果喺人類進化史上
16:30
And so I honestly think that if there
really was ever a time in human evolution
really was ever a time in human evolution
311
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5379
我們有機會搞好婚姻，依家就係時候
16:36
when we have the opportunity to make
good marriages, that time is now.
good marriages, that time is now.
312
971365
3865
16:41
However, there's always kinds
of complications in this.
of complications in this.
313
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3201
但係，有啲嘢都幾複雜
呢三個大腦系統：性慾，浪漫愛情同依戀
16:44
These three brain systems
-- lust, romantic love and attachment --
-- lust, romantic love and attachment --
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4717
唔一定成日都可以一齊
16:49
don't always go together.
315
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1354
但佢地係可以兼容嘅
16:50
They can go together, by the way.
316
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1699
所以隨便嘅性交並唔係咁隨便嘅
16:52
That's why casual sex isn't so casual.
317
987583
1952
隨着性高潮，你大腦會產生多巴胺
16:54
With orgasm you get a spike of dopamine.
318
989559
2269
多巴胺關聯到浪漫愛情
16:56
Dopamine's associated with romantic love,
319
991852
2096
所以你可以愛上一個隨便性交嘅伴侶
16:58
and you can just
fall in love with somebody
fall in love with somebody
320
993972
2023
17:00
who you're just having casual sex with.
321
996019
1863
有咗性高潮，你會產生大量嘅催產素同加壓素
17:02
With orgasm, then you get a real rush
of oxytocin and vasopressin --
of oxytocin and vasopressin --
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3436
使你聯系到依戀感
17:06
those are associated with attachment.
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2031
因為咁，你可以感受到同另一個人嘅宇宙結合
17:08
This is why you can feel such a sense
of cosmic union with somebody
of cosmic union with somebody
324
1003421
3959
當你同佢造完愛之後
17:12
after you've made love to them.
325
1007404
1849
但呢三個大腦系統：性慾，浪漫愛情同依戀
17:14
But these three brain systems:
lust, romantic love and attachment,
lust, romantic love and attachment,
326
1009277
4699
17:18
aren't always connected to each other.
327
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2481
並唔一定係彼此相連嘅
17:21
You can feel deep attachment
to a long-term partner
to a long-term partner
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3251
你可以對你嘅長期伴侶有深厚感情同依戀
同時可以對另一個人有強烈嘅浪漫愛情感覺
17:25
while you feel intense
romantic love for somebody else,
romantic love for somebody else,
329
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4092
同時又可對其他人有性慾
17:29
while you feel the sex drive for people
unrelated to these other partners.
unrelated to these other partners.
330
1024391
5453
總之，同一時間我哋能夠愛多過一個人
17:35
In short, we're capable of loving
more than one person at a time.
more than one person at a time.
331
1030312
5029
事實上，當你夜晚瞓喺床上面
17:40
In fact, you can lie in bed at night
332
1035714
1992
你嘅感覺可以從對一個人深厚的依附轉到
17:42
and swing from deep feelings
of attachment for one person
of attachment for one person
333
1037730
3246
17:45
to deep feelings
of romantic love for somebody else.
of romantic love for somebody else.
334
1041000
3432
對另一個人嘅浪漫愛意
就好像喺你個腦袋裏面開緊一個委員會會議
17:49
It's as if there's a committee meeting
going on in your head
going on in your head
335
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2881
正當你試圖決定點做
17:52
as you are trying to decide what to do.
336
1047361
3127
所以坦白講，我唔認為，我哋呢樣生物，注定係快樂嘅
17:55
So I don't think, honestly,
337
1050512
1635
17:56
we're an animal
that was built to be happy;
that was built to be happy;
338
1052171
2015
人類呢樣動物係為繁殖而生嘅
17:59
we are an animal
that was built to reproduce.
that was built to reproduce.
339
1054210
2268
我認為，我哋揾到嘅幸福係要靠我哋自己去創造嘅
18:01
I think the happiness we find, we make.
340
1056502
2935
18:04
And I think, however,
341
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3482
不過，我認為我哋可以建立良好嘅關係
18:07
we can make good relationships
with each other.
with each other.
342
1062967
2667
18:10
So I want to conclude with two things.
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2105
因此，我想總結兩件事
我想以憂慮來總結
18:12
I want to conclude with a worry,
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1068129
2047
我有一個憂慮 - 同一個美好嘅故事
18:15
and with a wonderful story.
345
1070200
2929
我擔心嘅係對抗抑鬱嘅藥物
18:19
The worry is about antidepressants.
346
1074287
2689
每年喺美國有超過一億張抗抑鬱藥嘅處方被派發
18:23
Over 100 million prescriptions
of antidepressants
of antidepressants
347
1078631
5132
18:28
are written every year
in the United States.
in the United States.
348
1083787
2821
而呢啲藥物變得通用
18:31
And these drugs are going generic.
349
1087100
2565
18:34
They are seeping around the world.
350
1089689
2483
佢地滲透世界各地
我認識一個使用呢啲抗抑鬱藥嘅女仔，增強五羥色胺嘅藥
18:37
I know one girl who's been
on these antidepressants,
on these antidepressants,
351
1092743
5233
18:42
SSRIs, serotonin-enhancing
antidepressants -- since she was 13.
antidepressants -- since she was 13.
352
1098000
3976
從佢13歲開始，佢一直使用再攝取抑製劑 - 加強羥色胺嘅抗抑鬱藥
18:46
She's 23. She's been on them
ever since she was 13.
ever since she was 13.
353
1102000
2976
佢依家23歲。佢從13歲開始就一直使用呢啲藥物
18:49
I've got nothing against people
who take them short term,
who take them short term,
354
1105000
3516
我唔反對人哋短期性地使用呢啲藥物
18:53
when they're going
through something horrible.
through something horrible.
355
1108540
2223
當佢哋經歷緊非常可怕嘅事情
18:55
They want to commit suicide
or kill somebody else.
or kill somebody else.
356
1110787
2355
當佢地想自殺或殺死人哋嘅時候
我會推薦佢地用呢啲藥物
18:57
I would recommend it.
357
1113166
1068
但係，喺美國越來越多人長期服用呢啲藥物
18:59
But more and more people
in the United States
in the United States
358
1114258
2459
19:01
are taking them long term.
359
1116741
2384
事實上，呢啲藥物嘅作用係提高羥色胺嘅水平
19:03
And indeed, what these drugs do
is raise levels of serotonin.
is raise levels of serotonin.
360
1119149
5365
提高咗羥色胺嘅水平，多巴胺會被抑制
19:09
And by raising levels of serotonin,
you suppress the dopamine circuit.
you suppress the dopamine circuit.
361
1124974
4821
19:14
Everybody knows that.
362
1129819
1562
大家都知道
19:16
Dopamine is associated with romantic love.
363
1131944
2895
多巴胺係聯系着浪漫愛情嘅
19:21
Not only do they suppress
the dopamine circuit,
the dopamine circuit,
364
1136627
3150
抗抑鬱藥唔單只抑制多巴胺，佢仲會會埋沒性慾
19:24
but they kill the sex drive.
365
1139801
1867
當你埋沒咗性慾，你亦埋沒咗性高潮
19:27
And when you kill the sex drive,
you kill orgasm.
you kill orgasm.
366
1142316
3824
當你埋沒咗高潮，你亦埋沒咗嗰堆聯系着依戀感嘅化學物
19:30
And when you kill orgasm,
367
1146164
1191
19:32
you kill that flood of drugs
associated with attachment.
associated with attachment.
368
1147379
3867
大腦入面嘅嘢係連接住嘅
19:36
The things are connected in the brain.
369
1151712
2264
19:38
And when you tamper with one brain system,
370
1154000
2656
當你篡改大腦其中一個系統嘅時候
你會整到另一個系統
19:41
you're going to tamper with another.
371
1156680
1945
19:43
I'm just simply saying that a world
without love is a deadly place.
without love is a deadly place.
372
1159000
4754
我只係簡單地講，冇愛嘅世界是一個枯燥嘅地方
19:49
So now --
373
1164738
1002
所以，依家 - （掌聲） - 謝謝你。
19:50
(Applause)
374
1165764
4212
19:54
Thank you.
375
1170000
1703
我想用一個小故事去結束。然後，一個意見。
19:56
I want to end with a story.
376
1171727
1485
19:58
And then, just a comment.
377
1173839
1300
我花咗30年去學習浪漫愛情，性同依戀
20:01
I've been studying romantic love
and sex and attachment for 30 years.
and sex and attachment for 30 years.
378
1176741
4779
我係雙胞胎，我對點解我地都係一樣而感興趣
20:08
I'm an identical twin;
I am interested in why we're all alike.
I am interested in why we're all alike.
379
1183774
3516
點解你同我都咁相似，點解伊拉克人同日本人
20:12
Why you and I are alike,
why the Iraqis and the Japanese
why the Iraqis and the Japanese
380
1187925
3051
20:15
and the Australian Aborigines
and the people of the Amazon River
and the people of the Amazon River
381
1191000
3000
澳洲原住民同喺亞馬遜河嘅人都咁相似
20:18
are all alike.
382
1194024
1000
20:20
And about a year ago,
383
1195777
2309
大約一年前，一個網絡交友服務嘅綱站，Match.com，來揾我
20:22
an Internet dating service,
Match.com, came to me
Match.com, came to me
384
1198110
2985
問我可唔可以幫佢哋設計一個新嘅交友網站
20:25
and asked me if I would design
a new dating site for them.
a new dating site for them.
385
1201119
3652
20:29
I said, "I don't know anything
about personality. You know?
about personality. You know?
386
1204795
2802
我話:「我對人物個性咩都唔識。你知道嗎？」
20:32
I don't know. Do you think
you've got the right person?"
you've got the right person?"
387
1207621
2720
「我唔知呀。你真係認為我係合適嘅人選？」
佢地話：「係」
20:35
They said, "Yes."
388
1210365
1040
我開始諗點解你會愛上呢個人，而唔係嗰個人
20:36
It got me thinking
about why it is that you fall in love
about why it is that you fall in love
389
1211429
3023
20:39
with one person rather than another.
390
1214476
1732
呢樣就係我當前嘅項目，係我下一本書嘅題材
20:41
That's my current project;
it will be my next book.
it will be my next book.
391
1216232
3443
有各種原因令你愛上一個人，而唔係其他人
20:45
There's all kinds of reasons
392
1220262
1539
20:46
that you fall in love
with one person rather than another.
with one person rather than another.
393
1221825
2753
時間非常重要。距離嘅遠近亦係重要
20:49
Timing is important.
Proximity is important.
Proximity is important.
394
1224602
3286
神秘感係重要嘅。你愛上嘅人係要有點神秘感嘅
20:52
Mystery is important.
395
1227912
1380
20:54
You fall in love with somebody
who's somewhat mysterious,
who's somewhat mysterious,
396
1229316
2729
部分原因係神秘感可提升係大腦中嘅多巴胺
20:56
in part because mystery
elevates dopamine in the brain,
elevates dopamine in the brain,
397
1232069
2678
可能將你推入戀愛嘅門檻
20:59
probably pushes you
over that threshold to fall in love.
over that threshold to fall in love.
398
1234771
2766
你愛上嘅人會吻合你嘅「愛圖」
21:02
You fall in love with somebody
399
1237561
1429
21:03
who fits within
what I call your "love map,"
what I call your "love map,"
400
1239014
2095
係你由童年時，無意識地建立嘅特性清單
21:05
an unconscious list of traits
401
1241133
2147
21:08
that you build in childhood
as you grow up.
as you grow up.
402
1243304
2314
我亦認為你變得
21:10
And I also think
that you gravitate to certain people,
that you gravitate to certain people,
403
1245642
3042
被某啲人吸引，其實是因為你們有互相配合嘅大腦系統
21:13
actually, with somewhat
complementary brain systems.
complementary brain systems.
404
1248708
3268
21:16
And that's what I'm now
contributing to this.
contributing to this.
405
1252000
2287
而呢樣正係我依家想講嘅
但我想同你講一個故事 - 去描述
21:19
But I want to tell you
a story, to illustrate.
a story, to illustrate.
406
1254311
3665
21:22
I've been carrying on here
about the biology of love.
about the biology of love.
407
1258000
2976
我一直喺度講愛嘅生物學源頭
我都想同你講一啲關於愛嘅文化
21:26
I wanted to show you a little bit
about the culture of it, too,
about the culture of it, too,
408
1261709
3687
佢嘅魔力
21:30
the magic of it.
409
1265420
1167
21:32
It's a story that was told to me
410
1268000
3349
呢個故事係由人哋講我知嘅，而佢又係聽另一個人講嘅
21:36
by somebody who had
heard it just from one --
heard it just from one --
411
1271373
2461
可能係真人真事
21:38
probably a true story.
412
1273858
1118
佢係個研究生 - 係我喺羅格斯大學嘅兩位同事 -
21:41
It was a graduate student --
I'm at Rutgers and my two colleagues --
I'm at Rutgers and my two colleagues --
413
1276508
3468
21:44
Art Aron is at SUNY Stony Brook.
414
1280000
1976
阿倫係喺石溪嘅紐約州立大學
21:46
That's where we put our people
in the MRI machine.
in the MRI machine.
415
1282000
2371
喺我哋將人放入磁力共振掃描儀嘅地方
21:49
And this graduate student was madly
in love with another graduate student,
in love with another graduate student,
416
1285000
4563
呢位研究生瘋狂地愛上咗另一個研究生
但係佢(女)並唔愛佢(男)
21:54
and she was not in love with him.
417
1289587
2373
有一次但佢地去咗北京開會
21:58
And they were
all at a conference in Beijing.
all at a conference in Beijing.
418
1293206
2255
佢從我哋嘅研究上知道，如果你同一個人去做一啲新奇嘅事
22:01
And he knew from our work
419
1296485
3034
22:04
that if you go and do something
very novel with somebody,
very novel with somebody,
420
1299543
4408
你可以提升喺大腦中嘅多巴胺
22:08
you can drive up
the dopamine in the brain,
the dopamine in the brain,
421
1303975
2001
22:10
and perhaps trigger this brain
system for romantic love.
system for romantic love.
422
1306000
3693
或者能夠觸發大腦系統感到浪漫愛情 （眾笑）
22:14
(Laughter)
423
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2157
所以，佢決定試驗一下呢個科學理論
22:16
So he decided he'd put science to work.
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佢邀請呢位姑娘去同佢一齊坐人力車
22:21
And he invited this girl to go off
on a rickshaw ride with him.
on a rickshaw ride with him.
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22:25
And sure enough -- I've never been in one,
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果然 - 我從來未坐過
22:27
but apparently they go
all around the buses and the trucks
all around the buses and the trucks
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聽講佢哋從巴士同貨車之間穿插
好瘋狂，好嘈，好令人興奮
22:30
and it's crazy and it's noisy
and it's exciting.
and it's exciting.
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佢估計，今次實可以提升多巴胺
22:33
He figured that this would drive up
the dopamine,
the dopamine,
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令佢愛上佢
22:35
and she'd fall in love with him.
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佢地出發啦，途中佢(女)猛咁尖叫又攬住佢(男)
22:37
So off they go and she's squealing
and squeezing him
and squeezing him
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一路笑住度過咗一段美好嘅時間
22:42
and laughing and having a wonderful time.
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22:44
An hour later they get down
off of the rickshaw,
off of the rickshaw,
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一個鐘頭後，當佢哋落人力車嘅時候
22:48
and she throws her hands up and she says,
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佢(女)舉高雙手話：「好正呀!」
22:51
"Wasn't that wonderful?"
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「嗰個車伕眞靚仔！」
22:54
And, "Wasn't that rickshaw
driver handsome!"
driver handsome!"
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22:57
(Laughter)
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（眾笑）（鼓掌）
23:00
(Applause)
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23:06
There's magic to love!
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愛嘅魔力!
23:07
(Applause)
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不過，去總結，我想講，幾百萬年前，我哋進化咗三個基本驅動器
23:09
But I will end by saying
that millions of years ago,
that millions of years ago,
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23:13
we evolved three basic drives:
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性慾，浪漫愛情同對長期伴侶嘅依戀
23:15
the sex drive, romantic love
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23:18
and attachment to a long-term partner.
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呢啲電路巳深深地嵌入咗人類大腦入面
23:20
These circuits are deeply
embedded in the human brain.
embedded in the human brain.
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只要我哋呢樣物種生存落去，佢地都會生存落去
23:24
They're going to survive
as long as our species survives
as long as our species survives
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正如莎士比亞所謂嘅「這凡人的盤繞」
23:28
on what Shakespeare called
"this mortal coil."
"this mortal coil."
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多謝。 （鼓掌）
23:31
Thank you.
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23:32
Chris Anderson: Helen Fisher!
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23:33
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Fisher - Anthropologist, expert on loveAnthropologist Helen Fisher studies gender differences and the evolution of human emotions. She’s best known as an expert on romantic love.
Why you should listen
Fisher's several books lay bare the mysteries of our most treasured emotion: its evolution, its biochemical foundations and its vital importance to human society. Fisher describes love as a universal human drive (stronger than the sex drive; stronger than thirst or hunger; stronger perhaps than the will to live), and her many areas of inquiry shed light on timeless human mysteries like why we choose one partner over another. Her classic study, Anatomy of Love, first published in 1992, has just been re-issued in a fully updated edition, including her recent neuroimaging research on lust, romantic love and attachment as well as discussions of sexting, hooking up, friends with benefits, other contemporary trends in courtship and marriage, and a dramatic current trend she calls “slow love.”
Helen Fisher | Speaker | TED.com