Laura Robinson: The secrets I find on the mysterious ocean floor
Laura Robinson: Los secretos de las profundidades del fondo oceánico
Dr. Laura Robinson's scientific mission is to document and understand the processes that govern climate. Full bio
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of the ocean today.
of the ocean in the past.
of deepwater corals.
de corales de aguas profundas.
of these corals behind me.
de estos corales tras de mí.
thousands of meters below the sea,
a miles de metros bajo el mar,
a los tipos de corales
than the kinds of corals
if you've had a tropical holiday.
durante unas vacaciones tropicales.
del océano.
beautiful two-dimensional image
bidimensional hermosa
de la superficie del mar.
so it's got tremendous spatial resolution.
tiene una resolución espacial tremenda.
easy to understand.
son muy fáciles de entender.
because there's more sunlight.
porque hay más luz solar.
porque hay menos luz solar.
because there's less sunlight.
capas de hielo en la Antártida
to build up on Antarctica
o incluso mete los pies en el mar,
or even put your toes in the sea,
a medida que uno va entrando,
that fill the abyss of the ocean
que llenan el abismo del océano
where the waters are dense.
donde las aguas son densas.
hace 20 000 años,
20,000 years ago,
de una de las principales diferencias
of one of the major differences
si se retrocediera tanto en el tiempo.
if you went back that long.
eran mucho más grandes.
and they extended out over the ocean.
y extendieron hacia el océano.
much lower than they are today.
era mucho más bajo que hoy en día.
to five degrees colder overall,
de 3 a 5 º C más fría en general,
in the polar regions.
en las regiones polares.
are trying to understand,
intentan comprender,
cold climate condition
de la condición de clima frío
that we enjoy today.
que hoy disfrutamos.
cold conditions to warm conditions
de frío a calientes
from the slow increase in solar radiation.
del lento aumento de la radiación solar.
ya que si se profundiza en hielo,
because if you drill down into ice,
y se puede ver esto en el iceberg.
and you can see this in the iceberg.
de color blanco azulado.
de hielo, y así se puede medir el CO2
so we can measure CO2 --
was lower in the past --
fue menor en el pasado --
also tells us about temperature
nos habla de la temperatura
from 20,000 years ago to the modern day,
hasta la actualidad,
el océano tiene mucho que ver con esto.
has a lot to do with this.
enormes cantidades de carbono,
than is in the atmosphere.
de lo que hay en la atmósfera.
across the equator,
el calor a través del ecuador,
y controla la productividad primaria.
and it controls primary productivity.
what's going on down in the deep sea,
en las profundidades del mar,
que hay en una montaña marina
coming from a seamount
en aguas internacionales
in international waters
lejos de la tierra.
este espacio del fondo marino,
to see this bit of the seafloor,
estén viendo nuevas especies.
and do some very intense taxonomy.
y hacer una intensa taxonomía.
hermosos corales de goma de mascar.
que crecen en estos corales.
growing on these corals.
tentáculos que salen de los corales.
like tentacles coming out of corals.
of calcium carbonate
de carbonato de calcio
massive undersea mountain,
de esta enorme montaña submarina,
those are fossilized corals,
son corales fosilizados,
a little more about those
un barco de investigación.
to charter a research boat.
an ocean-class research vessel
un buque de investigación para el océano
a little more like this.
de no perder muestras preciosas.
that we don't lose precious samples.
and I get terribly seasick,
y salí terriblemente mareada,
but overall it is.
pero en general sí lo es.
en buenos cartógrafos para hacer esto.
a really good mapper to do this.
coral abundance everywhere.
de coral en todas partes.
los lugares correctos.
the right places.
and overlaid was our cruise passage
y, sobrepuesto, nuestro crucero
nuestros propios mapas
of the seafloor in seven weeks,
del fondo marino en siete semanas,
de los fondos marinos.
of the seafloor.
en un mapa de gran escala,
look featureless on a big-scale map,
son tan grandes como el Everest.
are as big as Everest.
que hacemos a bordo,
de unos 100 metros,
to deploy our equipment,
donde desplegar nuestros equipos,
remotely-operated vehicles
con vehículos a control remoto,
that are one-meter resolution
de la resolución de un metro
por control remoto,
de grandes luces en la parte superior.
of big lights on the top.
manipulator arms,
brazos manipuladores,
to put your samples.
donde poner las muestras.
of this particular cruise,
de este crucero en particular,
de que los vehículos a control remoto
the remotely operated vehicles
a escala de un metro.
it's a small sea slug, basically.
es una pequeña babosa marina.
que muestro están aceleradas,
you is speeded up,
coming up was a big surprise.
fue una gran sorpresa.
and it took us all a bit surprised.
y nos dejó a todos sorprendidos.
y todos estábamos algo gatillo fácil,
and we were all a bit trigger-happy,
comenzó a pasar rodando.
sea monster started rolling past.
or colonial tunicate, if you like.
si lo desean.
deep sea corals.
corales de aguas profundas.
of one in a moment.
pueden ver sus tentáculos allí,
so you can see its tentacles there,
for about a hundred years.
probablemente, vive cien años.
químicos del océano.
chemicals from the ocean.
o la cantidad de químicos,
or the amount of chemicals,
it depends on the pH,
depende del pH,
estos químicos entran en el esqueleto,
these chemicals get into the skeleton,
recoger muestras fósiles,
collect fossil specimens,
used to look like in the past.
cómo era el océano en el pasado.
that coral with a vacuum system,
el coral con un sistema de vacío,
debo añadir.
carefully, I should add.
viven más tiempo.
una foto tomada por mi colega,
an image taken by my colleague,
meters below Hawaii.
por debajo de Hawái.
of these corals and polish it up,
across this coral --
análisis en este coral
that these are actual annual bands,
son bandas anuales reales,
de profundidad en el océano,
cambios estacionales,
us back to our last glacial maximum.
de nuevo a nuestro último máximo glacial.
with my research team.
en mi equipo de investigación.
there are swimming holothurians,
to these dead fossil areas
a estas zonas muertas fósiles
around on the seafloor.
en el fondo marino.
bring them back, we sort them out.
y los clasificamos al volver.
tiene una edad diferente,
la edad que tienen
those chemical signals,
medir esas señales químicas,
in the ocean in the past.
en el pasado.
polished it very carefully
pulido con mucho cuidado
put it in a nuclear reactor,
la pusimos en un reactor nuclear,
un poco de decadencia,
la distribución de uranio.
muy mal considerado,
about the rates and dates
los plazos y las fechas
when we're thinking about climate.
cuando pensamos en el clima.
para analizar el uranio
thorium, in these corals,
el torio, en estos corales,
how old the fossils are.
la edad de los fósiles.
del Océano Antártico
of the Southern Ocean
cómo usamos estos corales
how we're using these corals
antiguas respuestas del océano.
ocean feedbacks.
of the surface water
de las aguas superficiales
the Southern Ocean is.
dinámica del Océano Antártico.
particularly the Drake Passage,
en particular el pasaje de Drake,
currents in the world
más fuertes del mundo
flowing from west to east.
que fluye de oeste a este.
great big undersea mountains,
esas grandes montañas submarinas,
with the atmosphere in and out.
con la atmósfera hacia dentro y fuera.
through the Southern Ocean.
a través del Océano Antártico.
across this Antarctic passage,
lados de este pasaje de la Antártida,
from my uranium dating:
sorprendente al fechar el uranio:
to the interglacial.
de la era glacial a la interglacial.
to do with the food source
con la fuente de alimento
we've found about climate
hemos descubierto sobre el clima
en el Océano Antártico.
We collected little fossil corals.
Recogimos pequeños corales fósiles.
we've made in the corals,
que hemos hecho en los corales,
was very rich in carbon,
Antártico era muy rica en carbono,
layer sitting on top.
que se asienta en la parte superior.
coming out of the ocean.
que sale del océano.
that are of an intermediate age,
de edad intermedia,
partway through that climate transition.
de la transición climática.
out of the deep ocean.
de las profundidades del océano.
closer to the modern day,
de los tiempos modernos,
de todos modos
where carbon can exchange in and out.
se intercambia de entrada y salida.
we can use fossil corals
podemos usar los corales fósiles
sobre el medio ambiente.
with this last slide.
con esta última diapositiva.
piece of footage that I showed you.
de material de archivo que ya mostré.
un espectacular jardín de coral.
to find things this beautiful.
encontrar cosas tan hermosas.
to appreciate the fossil corals
apreciar los corales fósiles
to fly over the ocean
la suerte de volar sobre el océano
sea mountains down there
montañas en el mar profundo
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Laura Robinson - Ocean scientistDr. Laura Robinson's scientific mission is to document and understand the processes that govern climate.
Why you should listen
Dr. Laura Robinson's research the processes that govern climate on time scales ranging from the modern day back through hundreds of thousands of years. To do this research, Robinson uses geochemical techniques, with an emphasis on radioactive elements including uranium series isotopes and radiocarbon. These elements are particularly valuable as they have a wide range of decay rates and geochemical properties and can be analyzed in geologic materials such as corals, marine sediments and seawater.
Through a combination of field work and lab work, Robinson has been tackling questions relating to: timing of Pleistocene climate change events; palaeoclimate reconstructions; deep-sea coral paleo-biogeography; impact of weathering on the ocean and climate; biomineralization; development of new geochemical proxies for past climate conditions; chemical tracers of ocean circulation.
Robinson describes the inspiration behind her work:
“When I finished my PhD, I moved to California to work with Professor Jess Adkins at Caltech on a project using deep-sea corals. Before that time, like many people, I did not know that corals lived in the deep ocean. The first thing I did was prepare for a research cruise to the North Atlantic. We took the research submarine 'Alvin' out to undersea mountains and were able to collect fossil corals from the seafloor. The start of my work in the Southern Ocean came from analysis of a single coral specimen from the Smithsonian Natural History Museum in Washington DC. They loaned us the sample, and we found that it was about 16,000 years old, just right for looking at the middle of the last global deglaciation. Being able to access and work on these specimens is a fantastic way of starting a science project. We published a paper on that sample, and then, together with a coral biologist, I wrote a proposal to fund specific expeditions to the Southern Ocean, and to the Equatorial Atlantic to gain a wider view of how the Atlantic Ocean behaved during major climate transitions.
I love the research as it combines field work, lab work and collaborations with all kinds of people including scientists, engineers as well as the ships' crews. In terms of scientists, I work with biologists, oceanographers, chemists, geologists, habitat specialists and a whole range of people who have technical expertise across these fields.”
Learn more about Robinson's current expidition in the Southern Ocean.
Laura Robinson | Speaker | TED.com