Laura Robinson: The secrets I find on the mysterious ocean floor
Laura Robinson: Geheimen van de mysterieuze zeebodem
Dr. Laura Robinson's scientific mission is to document and understand the processes that govern climate. Full bio
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of the ocean today.
van de oceanen van nu
of the ocean in the past.
van de oceanen in het verleden.
of deepwater corals.
van koralen in de diepzee.
of these corals behind me.
zie je achter mij.
thousands of meters below the sea,
van een diepte van duizenden meters,
than the kinds of corals
if you've had a tropical holiday.
op vakantie in de tropen te zien krijgt.
beautiful two-dimensional image
van de watertemperatuur
so it's got tremendous spatial resolution.
met zeer hoge resolutie.
easy to understand.
because there's more sunlight.
omdat daar meer zonlicht is.
because there's less sunlight.
daar is minder zonlicht.
to build up on Antarctica
ontstaan op Antarctica
or even put your toes in the sea,
met je tenen voelt, merk je:
that fill the abyss of the ocean
op grote diepte in de oceaan
where the waters are dense.
waar de waterdichtheid groter is.
20,000 years ago,
of one of the major differences
een van de grote verschillen geschetst
if you went back that long.
teruggaat in de tijd.
and they extended out over the ocean.
van de continenten en de oceanen.
much lower than they are today.
lag veel lager dan nu.
to five degrees colder overall,
waarschijnlijk 3-5 graden kouder
in the polar regions.
was het nog veel, veel kouder.
are trying to understand,
vanuit dat koude klimaat
cold climate condition
dat we nu zo lekker vinden.
that we enjoy today.
cold conditions to warm conditions
niet geleidelijk ging,
from the slow increase in solar radiation.
bij langzaam toenemende zonnestraling.
because if you drill down into ice,
want als je in het ijs boort
and you can see this in the iceberg.
Dat kun je ook aan ijsbergen zien.
so we can measure CO2 --
daardoor kunnen we het CO2 meten.
was lower in the past --
vroeger lager lag.
also tells us about temperature
over de temperatuur
from 20,000 years ago to the modern day,
van 20.000 jaar terug naar onze tijd,
verliep sprongsgewijs.
has a lot to do with this.
hier een grote rol in speelde.
in de oceaan is enorm
than is in the atmosphere.
across the equator,
warmte over de evenaar,
and it controls primary productivity.
en bepaalt de primaire productiviteit.
what's going on down in the deep sea,
wat er in de diepzee gebeurt,
coming from a seamount
van een onderzeese berg,
in international waters
in internationale wateren,
bij de evenaar.
to see this bit of the seafloor,
die dit stukje zeebodem zien,
weten we niet.
en flink aan de slag met determineren.
and do some very intense taxonomy.
growing on these corals.
like tentacles coming out of corals.
die uit de koralen naar buiten steken.
of calcium carbonate
van calciumcarbonaat
massive undersea mountain,
van deze enorme onderzeese berg,
those are fossilized corals,
dat zijn fossiele koralen.
a little more about those
op onze reis terug in de tijd.
to charter a research boat.
onderzoeksschip charteren.
an ocean-class research vessel
een schip voor oceaanonderzoek.
a little more like this.
that we don't lose precious samples.
kostbare monsters veilig te stellen.
and I get terribly seasick,
en ik ben heel erg zeeziek.
but overall it is.
maar over het geheel genomen wel.
a really good mapper to do this.
hoe je kaarten maakt.
coral abundance everywhere.
zie je niet overal.
the right places.
weten te vinden.
and overlaid was our cruise passage
waarop onze route stond aangegeven
onze zelfgemaakte kaarten
of the seafloor in seven weeks,
in zeven weken gemaakt,
of the seafloor.
stukje zeebodem.
look featureless on a big-scale map,
weinig bijzonderheden vertoont,
are as big as Everest.
zo hoog als de Mount Everest.
to deploy our equipment,
waar we aan de slag kunnen
remotely-operated vehicles
that are one-meter resolution
met een resolutie van één meter,
of big lights on the top.
manipulator arms,
en robotarmen op gemonteerd
to put your samples.
voor de monsters.
of this particular cruise,
die we op deze reis hebben gedaan,
the remotely operated vehicles
dat de onderwaterrobot
ongeveer een meter groot.
it's a small sea slug, basically.
een klein formaat zeeslak,
you is speeded up,
draai ik juist versneld af
coming up was a big surprise.
was een grote verrassing.
and it took us all a bit surprised.
en wij waren allemaal verrast.
and we were all a bit trigger-happy,
en wilden dolgraag iets filmen,
sea monster started rolling past.
dit enorme zeemonster langsrollen.
or colonial tunicate, if you like.
oftewel een tunicatenkolonie.
deep sea corals.
of one in a moment.
so you can see its tentacles there,
met de stroming meebewegen.
for about a hundred years.
waarschijnlijk 100 jaar oud.
chemicals from the ocean.
chemische stoffen op.
or the amount of chemicals,
it depends on the pH,
these chemicals get into the skeleton,
in hun skelet worden opgenomen
collect fossil specimens,
fossielen verzamelen
used to look like in the past.
er in het verleden heeft uitgezien.
that coral with a vacuum system,
een koraal op te zuigen
carefully, I should add.
an image taken by my colleague,
De foto is genomen
meters below Hawaii.
bij Hawaï, op een diepte van 500 m.
of these corals and polish it up,
van zo'n koraal polijsten.
across this coral --
aan deze koralen
that these are actual annual bands,
dat dit jaarringen zijn,
us back to our last glacial maximum.
tot de piek van de laatste ijstijd.
with my research team.
mij niet meer zo aardig.
there are swimming holothurians,
er zwemmen holothuries,
to these dead fossil areas
naar die dode fossielen
around on the seafloor.
de zeebodem afstropen.
bring them back, we sort them out.
we halen ze naar boven en sorteren ze.
those chemical signals,
in the ocean in the past.
in de oceaan is gebeurd.
polished it very carefully
heel zorgvuldig gepolijst
put it in a nuclear reactor,
bestraald in een kernreactor
about the rates and dates
het tempo en de datering af
in ons onderzoek naar het klimaat.
when we're thinking about climate.
in deze koralen
thorium, in these corals,
hoe oud de fossielen precies zijn.
how old the fossils are.
of the Southern Ocean
van de Zuidelijke Oceaan
how we're using these corals
ocean feedbacks.
van de oceaan te achterhalen.
of the surface water
van het oppervlaktewater
the Southern Ocean is.
de Zuidelijke Oceaan is.
particularly the Drake Passage,
vooral in de Drake Passage,
currents in the world
zeestromingen op aarde,
flowing from west to east.
vanwege de enorme onderzeese bergen.
great big undersea mountains,
CO2 en warmte uitwisselen.
with the atmosphere in and out.
through the Southern Ocean.
door de Zuidelijke Oceaan.
across this Antarctic passage,
aan beide kanten van deze passage
from my uranium dating:
heeft iets verrassends opgeleverd:
to the interglacial.
naar het interglaciaal.
to do with the food source
we've found about climate
fossiele koralen verzameld,
We collected little fossil corals.
we've made in the corals,
was very rich in carbon,
in de diepte erg rijk aan koolstof
layer sitting on top.
van geringere dichtheid,
coming out of the ocean.
zodat het niet in de atmosfeer kwam.
that are of an intermediate age,
partway through that climate transition.
het water deels vermengd was geraakt.
out of the deep ocean.
naar boven gekomen.
closer to the modern day,
where carbon can exchange in and out.
kan worden opgenomen of afgestaan.
we can use fossil corals
with this last slide.
piece of footage that I showed you.
dat ik jullie heb laten zien.
to find things this beautiful.
zulke mooie dingen te vinden
to appreciate the fossil corals
die daar beneden zijn te waarderen.
to fly over the ocean
over de oceaan te vliegen
sea mountains down there
gigantische bergen zijn
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Laura Robinson - Ocean scientistDr. Laura Robinson's scientific mission is to document and understand the processes that govern climate.
Why you should listen
Dr. Laura Robinson's research the processes that govern climate on time scales ranging from the modern day back through hundreds of thousands of years. To do this research, Robinson uses geochemical techniques, with an emphasis on radioactive elements including uranium series isotopes and radiocarbon. These elements are particularly valuable as they have a wide range of decay rates and geochemical properties and can be analyzed in geologic materials such as corals, marine sediments and seawater.
Through a combination of field work and lab work, Robinson has been tackling questions relating to: timing of Pleistocene climate change events; palaeoclimate reconstructions; deep-sea coral paleo-biogeography; impact of weathering on the ocean and climate; biomineralization; development of new geochemical proxies for past climate conditions; chemical tracers of ocean circulation.
Robinson describes the inspiration behind her work:
“When I finished my PhD, I moved to California to work with Professor Jess Adkins at Caltech on a project using deep-sea corals. Before that time, like many people, I did not know that corals lived in the deep ocean. The first thing I did was prepare for a research cruise to the North Atlantic. We took the research submarine 'Alvin' out to undersea mountains and were able to collect fossil corals from the seafloor. The start of my work in the Southern Ocean came from analysis of a single coral specimen from the Smithsonian Natural History Museum in Washington DC. They loaned us the sample, and we found that it was about 16,000 years old, just right for looking at the middle of the last global deglaciation. Being able to access and work on these specimens is a fantastic way of starting a science project. We published a paper on that sample, and then, together with a coral biologist, I wrote a proposal to fund specific expeditions to the Southern Ocean, and to the Equatorial Atlantic to gain a wider view of how the Atlantic Ocean behaved during major climate transitions.
I love the research as it combines field work, lab work and collaborations with all kinds of people including scientists, engineers as well as the ships' crews. In terms of scientists, I work with biologists, oceanographers, chemists, geologists, habitat specialists and a whole range of people who have technical expertise across these fields.”
Learn more about Robinson's current expidition in the Southern Ocean.
Laura Robinson | Speaker | TED.com