TEDxStockholm
Greta Thunberg: The disarming case to act right now on climate change
Greta Thunberg: El argumento cautivador para actuar ya ante el cambio climático
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En este llamado apasionado a la acción, Greta Thunberg, activista de 16 años, explica por qué, en agosto del 2018, salió de su escuela y organizó una huelga frente al parlamento sueco para concientizar sobre el calentamiento global, lo cual llamó la atención del mundo. Thunberg dice: "La crisis climática ya está resuelta. Ya tenemos los datos y las soluciones. Lo que hay que hacer es despertar y cambiar".
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
When I was about eight years old,
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Cuando tenía ocho años,
00:16
I first heard about something
called climate change or global warming.
called climate change or global warming.
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escuché de algo llamado
calentamiento global o cambio climático,
calentamiento global o cambio climático,
00:21
Apparently, that was something
humans have created by our way of living.
humans have created by our way of living.
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creado por los humanos
con nuestro estilo de vida.
con nuestro estilo de vida.
00:27
I was told to turn off
the lights to save energy
the lights to save energy
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Me dijeron que apagara las luces
para ahorrar energía
para ahorrar energía
00:31
and to recycle paper to save resources.
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y reciclara papel para ahorrar recursos.
00:36
I remember thinking
that it was very strange
that it was very strange
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Recuerdo extrañarme de que
00:39
that humans, who are
an animal species among others,
an animal species among others,
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los humanos, aún siendo
solo una especie animal,
solo una especie animal,
00:43
could be capable of changing
the Earth's climate.
the Earth's climate.
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fuéramos capaces de cambiar
el clima de la Tierra.
el clima de la Tierra.
00:48
Because if we were,
and if it was really happening,
and if it was really happening,
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Porque, de ser así,
00:51
we wouldn't be talking
about anything else.
about anything else.
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no se hablaría de nada más.
00:55
As soon as you'd turn on the TV,
everything would be about that.
everything would be about that.
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Al encender la tele,
sería el centro de atención.
sería el centro de atención.
01:00
Headlines, radio, newspapers,
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En periódicos, radios y noticieros
01:03
you would never read or hear
about anything else,
about anything else,
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no se leería ni se escucharía
sobre otro tema,
sobre otro tema,
01:07
as if there was a world war going on.
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como al estar en medio de una guerra.
01:10
But no one ever talked about it.
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Pero nadie hablaba de eso.
01:14
If burning fossil fuels was so bad
that it threatened our very existence,
that it threatened our very existence,
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Si los combustibles fósiles
eran una amenaza,
eran una amenaza,
01:20
how could we just continue like before?
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¿por qué seguíamos como si nada?
01:24
Why were there no restrictions?
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¿Por qué no había restricciones?
01:27
Why wasn't it made illegal?
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¿Por qué no eran ilegales?
01:30
To me, that did not add up.
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Para mí, no tenía sentido.
01:34
It was too unreal.
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Era demasiado irreal.
01:38
So when I was 11, I became ill.
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Así que a los 11 años, enfermé.
01:41
I fell into depression,
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Caí en depresión.
01:43
I stopped talking,
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Dejé de hablar
01:44
and I stopped eating.
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y de comer.
01:47
In two months, I lost
about 10 kilos of weight.
about 10 kilos of weight.
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En dos meses, perdí 10 kilos.
01:52
Later on, I was diagnosed
with Asperger syndrome,
with Asperger syndrome,
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Me diagnosticaron Asperger,
01:56
OCD and selective mutism.
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TOC y mutismo selectivo,
02:00
That basically means I only speak
when I think it's necessary -
when I think it's necessary -
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o sea que solo hablo cuando es necesario,
02:03
now is one of those moments.
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como en este momento.
02:05
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
02:15
For those of us who are on the spectrum,
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Para aquellos en el espectro,
02:18
almost everything is black or white.
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casi todo es blanco o negro.
02:21
We aren't very good at lying,
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No mentimos bien
02:23
and we usually don't enjoy
participating in this social game
participating in this social game
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y no disfrutamos este juego social
02:26
that the rest of you seem so fond of.
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que el resto ama tanto.
02:29
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
02:30
I think in many ways
that we autistic are the normal ones,
that we autistic are the normal ones,
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Pienso que, de muchas formas,
los autistas somos los normales,
los autistas somos los normales,
02:34
and the rest of the people
are pretty strange,
are pretty strange,
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y el resto, son los raros.
02:36
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
02:37
especially when it comes to
the sustainability crisis,
the sustainability crisis,
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Y más cuando se trata de
la crisis de sostenibilidad,
la crisis de sostenibilidad,
02:40
where everyone keeps saying
climate change is an existential threat
climate change is an existential threat
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porque se dice que el cambio climático
es una amenaza
es una amenaza
02:44
and the most important issue of all,
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y el problema más urgente,
02:47
and yet they just carry on like before.
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pero todos actúan igual que siempre.
02:51
I don't understand that,
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No lo entiendo.
02:53
because if the emissions have to stop,
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Porque si las emisiones deben parar,
02:56
then we must stop the emissions.
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que paren.
02:59
To me that is black or white.
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Para mí eso es blanco o negro.
03:01
There are no gray areas
when it comes to survival.
when it comes to survival.
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Cuando se trata de sobrevivir,
no hay áreas grises.
no hay áreas grises.
03:04
Either we go on
as a civilization or we don't.
as a civilization or we don't.
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O continuamos como civilización o no.
03:08
We have to change.
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Debemos cambiar.
03:12
Rich countries like Sweden
need to start reducing emissions
need to start reducing emissions
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Países ricos, como Suecia,
deben reducir sus emisiones
deben reducir sus emisiones
03:15
by at least 15 percent every year.
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al menos un 15 % cada año
03:20
And that is so that we can stay
below a two-degree warming target.
below a two-degree warming target.
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para estar bajo el objetivo
de dos grados de calentamiento.
de dos grados de calentamiento.
03:24
Yet, as the IPCC
have recently demonstrated,
have recently demonstrated,
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Como el IPCC demostró,
03:29
aiming instead for 1.5 degrees Celsius
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cambiar el objetivo por 1,5 grados Celsius
03:32
would significantly
reduce the climate impacts.
reduce the climate impacts.
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reduciría el impacto climático.
03:35
But we can only imagine
what that means for reducing emissions.
what that means for reducing emissions.
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Pero imaginen lo que representa
tal reducción.
tal reducción.
03:40
You would think the media
and every one of our leaders
and every one of our leaders
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Se pensaría que los líderes y medios
03:43
would be talking about nothing else,
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hablarían solo de eso,
03:45
but they never even mention it.
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pero ni lo mencionan.
03:49
Nor does anyone ever mention
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Tampoco mencionan
03:50
the greenhouse gases
already locked in the system.
already locked in the system.
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los gases de invernadero
ya presentes en el sistema,
ya presentes en el sistema,
03:54
Nor that air pollution is hiding a warming
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ni que la contaminación del aire
esconde calor
esconde calor
03:57
so that when we stop burning fossil fuels,
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para que al dejar de usar
combustibles fósiles
combustibles fósiles
04:00
we already have an extra level of warming
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tengamos un nivel de calor extra
04:02
perhaps as high as
0.5 to 1.1 degrees Celsius.
0.5 to 1.1 degrees Celsius.
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de hasta 0,5 o 1,1 grados Celsius.
04:09
Furthermore does hardly
anyone speak about the fact
anyone speak about the fact
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Tampoco se habla de que
04:11
that we are in the midst
of the sixth mass extinction,
of the sixth mass extinction,
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estamos en nuestra
sexta extinción en masa,
sexta extinción en masa,
04:15
with up to 200 species
going extinct every single day,
going extinct every single day,
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con 200 especies que
se extinguen cada día.
se extinguen cada día.
04:22
that the extinction rate today
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El promedio de extinción hoy
04:25
is between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher
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es entre mil y 10 000 veces mayor
04:29
than what is seen as normal.
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de lo que se considera normal.
04:34
Nor does hardly anyone ever speak about
the aspect of equity or climate justice,
the aspect of equity or climate justice,
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Y nadie habla de equidad
ni justicia climática,
ni justicia climática,
04:40
clearly stated everywhere
in the Paris Agreement,
in the Paris Agreement,
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establecida claramente
en el Tratado de París,
en el Tratado de París,
04:43
which is absolutely necessary
to make it work on a global scale.
to make it work on a global scale.
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y necesaria para que funcione
a escala global.
a escala global.
04:49
That means that rich countries
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Significa que países ricos
04:51
need to get down to zero emissions
within 6 to 12 years,
within 6 to 12 years,
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deben llegar a cero emisiones
entre 6 y 12 años,
entre 6 y 12 años,
04:56
with today's emission speed.
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con la rapidez de emisiones actual,
05:00
And that is so that people
in poorer countries
in poorer countries
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para que países más pobres
05:02
can have a chance to heighten
their standard of living
their standard of living
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puedan mejorar su calidad de vida
05:04
by building some of the infrastructure
that we have already built,
that we have already built,
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al construir infraestructura
que nosotros ya tenemos:
que nosotros ya tenemos:
05:08
such as roads, schools, hospitals,
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carreteras, escuelas, hospitales,
05:11
clean drinking water,
electricity, and so on.
electricity, and so on.
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agua potable y electricidad.
05:15
Because how can we expect
countries like India or Nigeria
countries like India or Nigeria
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¿Cómo podemos esperar que países
como India o Nigeria
como India o Nigeria
05:20
to care about the climate crisis
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se preocupen por la crisis climática
05:22
if we who already have everything
don't care even a second about it
don't care even a second about it
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si a nosotros, que lo tenemos todo
no nos importa,
no nos importa,
05:27
or our actual commitments
to the Paris Agreement?
to the Paris Agreement?
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ni tampoco los acuerdos
del Tratado de París?
del Tratado de París?
05:32
So, why are we not reducing our emissions?
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¿Por qué no hay menos emisiones?
05:37
Why are they in fact still increasing?
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¿Por qué aumentan?
05:41
Are we knowingly causing
a mass extinction?
a mass extinction?
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¿Estamos provocando una extinción?
05:45
Are we evil?
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¿Somos malvados?
05:49
No, of course not.
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No, claro que no.
05:51
People keep doing what they do
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Las personas actúan así
05:53
because the vast majority
doesn't have a clue
doesn't have a clue
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porque la mayoría no conoce
05:55
about the actual consequences
of our everyday life,
of our everyday life,
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los efectos del diario vivir
06:00
and they don't know
that rapid change is required.
that rapid change is required.
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y no entienden que hay que cambiar.
06:04
We all think we know,
and we all think everybody knows,
and we all think everybody knows,
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Creemos saber y que todos saben,
06:08
but we don't.
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pero no.
06:10
Because how could we?
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¿Cómo podríamos?
06:14
If there really was a crisis,
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Si hubiera una crisis
06:16
and if this crisis was caused
by our emissions,
by our emissions,
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causada por las emisiones,
06:20
you would at least see some signs.
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se verían señales,
06:23
Not just flooded cities,
tens of thousands of dead people,
tens of thousands of dead people,
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no solo inundaciones,
decenas de miles de muertes,
decenas de miles de muertes,
06:27
and whole nations leveled
to piles of torn down buildings.
to piles of torn down buildings.
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y naciones reducidas a escombro.
06:31
You would see some restrictions.
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Se verían restricciones,
06:34
But no.
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pero no.
06:36
And no one talks about it.
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Y nadie habla de eso.
06:40
There are no emergency meetings,
no headlines, no breaking news.
no headlines, no breaking news.
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No hay reuniones de emergencia,
titulares, ni noticias urgentes.
titulares, ni noticias urgentes.
06:46
No one is acting
as if we were in a crisis.
as if we were in a crisis.
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Nadie actúa como
si estuviéramos en crisis.
si estuviéramos en crisis.
06:50
Even most climate scientists
or green politicians
or green politicians
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Hasta científicos
y políticos ambientalistas
y políticos ambientalistas
06:54
keep on flying around the world,
eating meat and dairy.
eating meat and dairy.
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viajan por el mundo
comiendo carne y lácteos.
comiendo carne y lácteos.
07:02
If I live to be 100,
I will be alive in the year 2103.
I will be alive in the year 2103.
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Si llego a cien años, viviré en el 2103.
07:09
When you think about the future today,
you don't think beyond the year 2050.
you don't think beyond the year 2050.
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Cuando Uds. piensan en el futuro,
no pasan del 2050,
no pasan del 2050,
07:16
By then, I will, in the best case,
not even have lived half of my life.
not even have lived half of my life.
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en ese año, yo estaré casi
a la mitad de mi vida.
a la mitad de mi vida.
07:22
What happens next?
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¿Qué pasa después?
07:25
The year 2078, I will celebrate
my 75th birthday.
my 75th birthday.
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En el 2078, cumpliré 75 años.
07:32
If I have children or grandchildren,
maybe they will spend that day with me.
maybe they will spend that day with me.
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Si tengo nietos, tal vez, estarán conmigo.
07:38
Maybe they will ask me about you,
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Tal vez me pregunten por Uds.,
07:41
the people who were around, back in 2018.
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las personas del 2018.
07:46
Maybe they will ask
why you didn't do anything
why you didn't do anything
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Tal vez, pregunten por qué no actuaron
07:49
while there still was time to act.
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cuando aún se podía.
07:53
What we do or don't do right now
will affect my entire life
will affect my entire life
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Lo que hagamos o no afecta toda mi vida
07:58
and the lives of my children
and grandchildren.
and grandchildren.
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y la vida de mis hijos y nietos.
08:01
What we do or don't do right now,
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Lo que hagamos o no, ahora,
08:04
me and my generation
can't undo in the future.
can't undo in the future.
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mi generación no podrá deshacer luego.
08:12
So when school
started in August of this year,
started in August of this year,
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Cuando empezaron las clases en agosto,
08:15
I decided that this was enough.
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decidí que ya era suficiente.
08:18
I set myself down on the ground
outside the Swedish parliament.
outside the Swedish parliament.
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Me senté frente al parlamento sueco.
08:22
I school striked for the climate.
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Hice huelga escolar por el clima.
08:26
Some people say that I
should be in school instead.
should be in school instead.
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Me dicen que debería de ir a la escuela
08:30
Some people say that I should study
to become a climate scientist
to become a climate scientist
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o estudiar para hacerme científica
08:33
so that I can "solve the climate crisis."
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y "resolver la crisis climática".
08:38
But the climate crisis
has already been solved.
has already been solved.
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Pero ya está resuelta.
08:42
We already have
all the facts and solutions.
all the facts and solutions.
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Ya tenemos los datos y las soluciones.
Lo que hay que hacer es despertar
y cambiar.
y cambiar.
08:45
All we have to do is
to wake up and change.
to wake up and change.
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08:50
And why should I be studying for a future
that soon will be no more
that soon will be no more
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¿Por qué estudiar para un futuro
que no existirá
que no existirá
08:54
when no one is doing anything
whatsoever to save that future?
whatsoever to save that future?
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porque nadie intenta salvarlo?
08:59
And what is the point of learning facts
in the school system
in the school system
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¿Para qué aprender del sistema educativo,
09:03
when the most important facts
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si los datos más importantes
09:05
given by the finest science
of that same school system
of that same school system
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dados por lo mejor de la ciencia
dentro del mismo sistema,
dentro del mismo sistema,
09:09
clearly means nothing
to our politicians and our society.
to our politicians and our society.
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son ignorados por los políticos
y por la sociedad?
y por la sociedad?
09:15
Some people say that Sweden
is just a small country,
is just a small country,
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Algunos dicen que Suecia
es un país pequeño,
es un país pequeño,
09:18
and that it doesn't matter what we do,
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que no importa lo que hagamos,
09:21
but I think that if a few children
can get headlines all over the world
can get headlines all over the world
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pero si unos niños pueden
llamar la atención del mundo
llamar la atención del mundo
09:26
just by not coming to school
for a few weeks,
for a few weeks,
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al faltar a la escuela unas semanas,
09:29
imagine what we could all do
together if you wanted to.
together if you wanted to.
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imaginen lo que todos juntos
podríamos lograr si quisiéramos.
podríamos lograr si quisiéramos.
09:32
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
09:36
Now we're almost at the end of my talk,
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Casi llegamos al final de mi charla,
09:41
and this is where people
usually start talking about hope,
usually start talking about hope,
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donde usualmente se habla
de esperanza,
de esperanza,
09:46
solar panels, wind power,
circular economy, and so on,
circular economy, and so on,
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paneles solares, energía eólica
y economía circular.
y economía circular.
09:52
but I'm not going to do that.
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Pero no haré eso.
09:54
We've had 30 years of pep-talking
and selling positive ideas.
and selling positive ideas.
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Ya hemos tenido 30 años de motivación
e ideas optimistas.
e ideas optimistas.
09:59
And I'm sorry,
but it doesn't work.
but it doesn't work.
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Y lo siento, pero no sirve.
10:02
Because if it would have,
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Porque si sirviera,
10:04
the emissions would have gone down by now.
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las emisiones habrían disminuido.
10:06
They haven't.
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No es así.
10:09
And yes, we do need hope,
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Y sí, necesitamos esperanza,
10:12
of course we do.
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por supuesto.
10:14
But the one thing we need
more than hope is action.
more than hope is action.
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Pero lo que más necesitamos es acción.
10:19
Once we start to act,
hope is everywhere.
hope is everywhere.
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Cuando actuemos,
la esperanza estará ahí.
la esperanza estará ahí.
10:23
So instead of looking for hope,
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Así que, en lugar de esperanza,
10:25
look for action.
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busquemos acción.
10:28
Then, and only then, hope will come.
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Solamente así, la esperanza llegará.
10:34
Today, we use 100 million
barrels of oil every single day.
barrels of oil every single day.
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A diario, usamos 100 millones
de barriles de petróleo.
de barriles de petróleo.
10:41
There are no politics to change that.
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No hay políticas para cambiar eso.
10:45
There are no rules
to keep that oil in the ground.
to keep that oil in the ground.
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No hay reglas para dejar
de usar ese petróleo.
de usar ese petróleo.
10:49
So we can't save the world
by playing by the rules,
by playing by the rules,
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Así que, no podemos salvar al mundo
siguiendo las reglas,
siguiendo las reglas,
10:52
because the rules have to be changed.
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porque se debe cambiar las reglas.
10:56
Everything needs to change --
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Todo debe cambiar.
10:58
and it has to start today.
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Y hay que empezar hoy.
11:01
Thank you.
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Gracias.
11:02
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greta Thunberg - Climate activistGreta Thunberg is a Swedish climate activist.
Why you should listen
In August 2018, Greta Thunberg started a school strike for the climate outside the Swedish Parliament that has since spread all over the world and now involves over 100,000 schoolchildren. The movement is now called Fridays For Future.
Thunberg has spoken at climate rallies in Stockholm, Helsinki, Brussels and London. In December she attended the United Nations COP24 in Katowice, Poland, where she addressed the Secretary-General and made a plenary speech that went viral and was shared many million times around the globe. In January 2019 she was invited to the World Economic Forum in Davos where her speeches again made a worldwide impact.
Thunberg tries to live a low-carbon life. Therefore she is vegan, and she doesn't fly. She has been named as one of the worlds most influential teens by TIME magazine.
Greta Thunberg | Speaker | TED.com