TEDxStockholm
Greta Thunberg: The disarming case to act right now on climate change
格雷塔·通贝里: 应对气候变化迫在眉睫
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4,925,488 views
在这场澎湃的行动呼吁演讲中，16岁的气候活动家格雷塔·通贝里解释了为什么在2018年8月，她走出学校组织罢课，以提高全球变暖的危机意识，并在瑞典议会外抗议，并吸引了全世界的关注。 “气候危机已经解决。我们已经掌握了所有的事实和解决方案，”通贝里倡议， “我们所要做的是觉醒并做出改变。”
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
When I was about eight years old,
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在我大概八岁的时候，
00:16
I first heard about something
called climate change or global warming.
called climate change or global warming.
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我第一次听说
气候变化或全球变暖。
气候变化或全球变暖。
00:21
Apparently, that was something
humans have created by our way of living.
humans have created by our way of living.
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显然，这是人类的生活方式
产生的后果。
产生的后果。
00:27
I was told to turn off
the lights to save energy
the lights to save energy
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我被告知要关灯以节约能源，
00:31
and to recycle paper to save resources.
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回收纸张以节省资源。
00:36
I remember thinking
that it was very strange
that it was very strange
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我记得我那时觉得很奇怪
00:39
that humans, who are
an animal species among others,
an animal species among others,
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人类，作为动物的一种，
00:43
could be capable of changing
the Earth's climate.
the Earth's climate.
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能够改变地球的气候。
00:48
Because if we were,
and if it was really happening,
and if it was really happening,
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因为如果是我们做的，
如果真的发生了，
如果真的发生了，
00:51
we wouldn't be talking
about anything else.
about anything else.
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我们不就不该谈论其他的事情了。
00:55
As soon as you'd turn on the TV,
everything would be about that.
everything would be about that.
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一打开电视，
应该都是关于气候的事。
应该都是关于气候的事。
01:00
Headlines, radio, newspapers,
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头条新闻，广播，报纸，
01:03
you would never read or hear
about anything else,
about anything else,
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你不会读到或听到其他任何东西，
01:07
as if there was a world war going on.
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仿佛是处在一场世界大战中。
01:10
But no one ever talked about it.
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但是没有人谈论这些。
01:14
If burning fossil fuels was so bad
that it threatened our very existence,
that it threatened our very existence,
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如果燃烧化石燃料后果如此严重，
会威胁到我们的生存，
会威胁到我们的生存，
01:20
how could we just continue like before?
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我们怎么还能像以前一样？
01:24
Why were there no restrictions?
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为什么没有限制？
01:27
Why wasn't it made illegal?
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为什么将其不列为非法的？
01:30
To me, that did not add up.
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对我来说，那并不合理。
01:34
It was too unreal.
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那太不真实了。
01:38
So when I was 11, I became ill.
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当我11岁时，我生病了。
01:41
I fell into depression,
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我陷入了抑郁，
01:43
I stopped talking,
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我不想说话，
01:44
and I stopped eating.
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我不想吃饭，
01:47
In two months, I lost
about 10 kilos of weight.
about 10 kilos of weight.
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在两个月内，我掉了
大约10公斤的体重。
大约10公斤的体重。
01:52
Later on, I was diagnosed
with Asperger syndrome,
with Asperger syndrome,
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后来，我被诊断出患有
亚斯伯格症候群，
亚斯伯格症候群，
01:56
OCD and selective mutism.
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强迫症和选择性缄默症。
02:00
That basically means I only speak
when I think it's necessary -
when I think it's necessary -
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这基本上意味着
我只在我认为有必要时说话——
我只在我认为有必要时说话——
02:03
now is one of those moments.
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现在就是其中一刻。
02:05
(Applause)
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（掌声）
02:15
For those of us who are on the spectrum,
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对于我们这些孤独症患者，
02:18
almost everything is black or white.
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几乎所有东西都是非黑即白的。
02:21
We aren't very good at lying,
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我们不善于说谎，
02:23
and we usually don't enjoy
participating in this social game
participating in this social game
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而且我们通常不喜欢
参加这样的社交活动，
参加这样的社交活动，
02:26
that the rest of you seem so fond of.
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不过你们似乎都很喜欢。
02:29
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:30
I think in many ways
that we autistic are the normal ones,
that we autistic are the normal ones,
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我想在很多方面，
我们自闭的人才是正常的，
我们自闭的人才是正常的，
02:34
and the rest of the people
are pretty strange,
are pretty strange,
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而其他人都很奇怪，
02:36
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:37
especially when it comes to
the sustainability crisis,
the sustainability crisis,
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特别是在可持续发展危机方面，
02:40
where everyone keeps saying
climate change is an existential threat
climate change is an existential threat
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每个人都在说气候变化是一种
生存威胁，
生存威胁，
02:44
and the most important issue of all,
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是当务之急的问题，
02:47
and yet they just carry on like before.
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然而他们依然如故。
02:51
I don't understand that,
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我不明白为什么那样，
02:53
because if the emissions have to stop,
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因为如果必须停止排放，
02:56
then we must stop the emissions.
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我们就该停止排放。
02:59
To me that is black or white.
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对我来说那就是非黑即白的事。
03:01
There are no gray areas
when it comes to survival.
when it comes to survival.
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在生存方面没有灰色地带。
03:04
Either we go on
as a civilization or we don't.
as a civilization or we don't.
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要么我们的文明得以延续，
要么不复存在。
要么不复存在。
03:08
We have to change.
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我们必须改变。
03:12
Rich countries like Sweden
need to start reducing emissions
need to start reducing emissions
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像瑞典这样的富裕国家
需要开始减少排放，
需要开始减少排放，
03:15
by at least 15 percent every year.
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每年至少减少15％。
03:20
And that is so that we can stay
below a two-degree warming target.
below a two-degree warming target.
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这样我们可以将温度增长控制在
2度以内。
2度以内。
03:24
Yet, as the IPCC
have recently demonstrated,
have recently demonstrated,
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然而，正如IPCC（政府间气候变化
专门委员会）最近发布的那样，
专门委员会）最近发布的那样，
03:29
aiming instead for 1.5 degrees Celsius
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如果将温度增长控制在
1.5摄氏度以内，
1.5摄氏度以内，
03:32
would significantly
reduce the climate impacts.
reduce the climate impacts.
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则会大大减少气候影响。
03:35
But we can only imagine
what that means for reducing emissions.
what that means for reducing emissions.
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但我们只能想象
这对减排意味着什么。
这对减排意味着什么。
03:40
You would think the media
and every one of our leaders
and every one of our leaders
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你会以为媒体，
还有每一位领导人
还有每一位领导人
03:43
would be talking about nothing else,
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该不再谈论别的，
03:45
but they never even mention it.
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但他们甚至从未提过。
03:49
Nor does anyone ever mention
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也没有人提过
03:50
the greenhouse gases
already locked in the system.
already locked in the system.
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温室气体已经被锁在大气中。
03:54
Nor that air pollution is hiding a warming
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也不提空气污染隐含了变暖，
03:57
so that when we stop burning fossil fuels,
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即便我们停止燃烧化石燃料，
04:00
we already have an extra level of warming
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我们也会遭遇额外的变暖，
04:02
perhaps as high as
0.5 to 1.1 degrees Celsius.
0.5 to 1.1 degrees Celsius.
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大约为0.5至1.1摄氏度。
04:09
Furthermore does hardly
anyone speak about the fact
anyone speak about the fact
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此外，几乎没有人谈论
04:11
that we are in the midst
of the sixth mass extinction,
of the sixth mass extinction,
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我们正处于第六次大规模灭绝之中，
04:15
with up to 200 species
going extinct every single day,
going extinct every single day,
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每天有多达200个物种灭绝。
04:22
that the extinction rate today
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今天的灭绝率
04:25
is between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher
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比正常情况
高出1000甚至10000倍。
04:29
than what is seen as normal.
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04:34
Nor does hardly anyone ever speak about
the aspect of equity or climate justice,
the aspect of equity or climate justice,
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几乎没有人谈论
气候方面的公平和正义，
气候方面的公平和正义，
04:40
clearly stated everywhere
in the Paris Agreement,
in the Paris Agreement,
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而这些在《巴黎协定》中
都有明确说明，
都有明确说明，
04:43
which is absolutely necessary
to make it work on a global scale.
to make it work on a global scale.
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使其在全球范围内发挥作用
是绝对必要的。
是绝对必要的。
04:49
That means that rich countries
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那意味着富裕的国家，
04:51
need to get down to zero emissions
within 6 to 12 years,
within 6 to 12 years,
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需要在6至12年内从今天的排放量
04:56
with today's emission speed.
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降至零排放。
05:00
And that is so that people
in poorer countries
in poorer countries
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这样贫穷国家的人们
05:02
can have a chance to heighten
their standard of living
their standard of living
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才有机会提高他们的生活水平，
05:04
by building some of the infrastructure
that we have already built,
that we have already built,
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通过建造一些我们已经构建的
基础设施，
基础设施，
05:08
such as roads, schools, hospitals,
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如道路，学校，医院，
05:11
clean drinking water,
electricity, and so on.
electricity, and so on.
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干净的饮用水，电，等等。
05:15
Because how can we expect
countries like India or Nigeria
countries like India or Nigeria
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因为我们怎么可以去期待
印度或尼日利亚之类的国家
印度或尼日利亚之类的国家
05:20
to care about the climate crisis
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去关心气候危机，
若已经拥有一切的我们
对此毫不关心，
对此毫不关心，
05:22
if we who already have everything
don't care even a second about it
don't care even a second about it
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05:27
or our actual commitments
to the Paris Agreement?
to the Paris Agreement?
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也不对《巴黎协定》付诸行动？
05:32
So, why are we not reducing our emissions?
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那么，为什么我们不减少排放？
05:37
Why are they in fact still increasing?
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为什么排放实际上还在增加？
05:41
Are we knowingly causing
a mass extinction?
a mass extinction?
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我们是否故意造成大规模灭绝？
05:45
Are we evil?
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我们是邪恶的吗？
05:49
No, of course not.
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不，当然不。
05:51
People keep doing what they do
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人们继续做他们做的事，
05:53
because the vast majority
doesn't have a clue
doesn't have a clue
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因为绝大多数人都不知道
05:55
about the actual consequences
of our everyday life,
of our everyday life,
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我们日常生活的实际后果，
06:00
and they don't know
that rapid change is required.
that rapid change is required.
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他们不知道需要尽快改变。
06:04
We all think we know,
and we all think everybody knows,
and we all think everybody knows,
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我们都以为我们知道，
我们都以为每个人都知道，
我们都以为每个人都知道，
06:08
but we don't.
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但我们没有。
06:10
Because how could we?
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因为我们怎么会呢？
06:14
If there really was a crisis,
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如果确实存在危机，
06:16
and if this crisis was caused
by our emissions,
by our emissions,
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如果这种危机是由
我们的排放造成的，
我们的排放造成的，
06:20
you would at least see some signs.
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你至少该看到一些迹象。
06:23
Not just flooded cities,
tens of thousands of dead people,
tens of thousands of dead people,
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不只是城市被水淹没，
成千上万的人丧生，
成千上万的人丧生，
06:27
and whole nations leveled
to piles of torn down buildings.
to piles of torn down buildings.
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整个国家一片废墟。
06:31
You would see some restrictions.
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你该会看到一些限制。
06:34
But no.
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但没有。
06:36
And no one talks about it.
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没有人谈论它。
06:40
There are no emergency meetings,
no headlines, no breaking news.
no headlines, no breaking news.
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没有紧急会议，没有头条新闻，
没有突发新闻。
没有突发新闻。
06:46
No one is acting
as if we were in a crisis.
as if we were in a crisis.
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没有人表现得好像
我们处于危机之中。
我们处于危机之中。
06:50
Even most climate scientists
or green politicians
or green politicians
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甚至大多数气候科学家和
绿色政治家
绿色政治家
06:54
keep on flying around the world,
eating meat and dairy.
eating meat and dairy.
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继续在飞越世界各地，
吃肉和乳制品。
吃肉和乳制品。
07:02
If I live to be 100,
I will be alive in the year 2103.
I will be alive in the year 2103.
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如果我能活到100岁，
我将活到2103年。
我将活到2103年。
07:09
When you think about the future today,
you don't think beyond the year 2050.
you don't think beyond the year 2050.
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你们今天想未来时，
往往想不到2050年以后。
往往想不到2050年以后。
07:16
By then, I will, in the best case,
not even have lived half of my life.
not even have lived half of my life.
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但到那时，在最好的情况下，
我还没有度过生命的一半。
我还没有度过生命的一半。
07:22
What happens next?
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然后呢？
07:25
The year 2078, I will celebrate
my 75th birthday.
my 75th birthday.
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2078年，我将庆祝我75岁的生日。
07:32
If I have children or grandchildren,
maybe they will spend that day with me.
maybe they will spend that day with me.
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如果我有孩子或孙子孙女，
也许他们会和我一起度过那一天。
也许他们会和我一起度过那一天。
07:38
Maybe they will ask me about you,
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也许他们会问我关于你们的事，
07:41
the people who were around, back in 2018.
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2018年的人们。
07:46
Maybe they will ask
why you didn't do anything
why you didn't do anything
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也许他们会问为什么
你们什么都不做，
你们什么都不做，
07:49
while there still was time to act.
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即使还有时间采取行动。
07:53
What we do or don't do right now
will affect my entire life
will affect my entire life
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我们现在做或不做什么
会影响我的一生
会影响我的一生
07:58
and the lives of my children
and grandchildren.
and grandchildren.
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以及我的孩子和孙子孙女的生活。
08:01
What we do or don't do right now,
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无论我们现在做或不做什么，
08:04
me and my generation
can't undo in the future.
can't undo in the future.
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我和我这一代人在未来都无法弥补。
08:12
So when school
started in August of this year,
started in August of this year,
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所以在今年8月份开学时，
08:15
I decided that this was enough.
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我觉得该是时候了。
08:18
I set myself down on the ground
outside the Swedish parliament.
outside the Swedish parliament.
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我把自己置于瑞典议会外的场地上。
08:22
I school striked for the climate.
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我为气候罢课。
08:26
Some people say that I
should be in school instead.
should be in school instead.
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有人说我应该去上学。
08:30
Some people say that I should study
to become a climate scientist
to become a climate scientist
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有人说我应该学习成为气候科学家，
08:33
so that I can "solve the climate crisis."
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这样我就可以“解决气候危机”。
08:38
But the climate crisis
has already been solved.
has already been solved.
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但气候危机已经解决了。
08:42
We already have
all the facts and solutions.
all the facts and solutions.
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我们已经掌握了
所有的事实和解决方案。
所有的事实和解决方案。
我们所要做的是觉醒并改变。
08:45
All we have to do is
to wake up and change.
to wake up and change.
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08:50
And why should I be studying for a future
that soon will be no more
that soon will be no more
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为什么我要为一个
很快不复存在的未来学习呢？
很快不复存在的未来学习呢？
08:54
when no one is doing anything
whatsoever to save that future?
whatsoever to save that future?
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现在没有人为挽救未来做任何事。
08:59
And what is the point of learning facts
in the school system
in the school system
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在教育系统中学习还有什么意义呢，
09:03
when the most important facts
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如果教育系统内
09:05
given by the finest science
of that same school system
of that same school system
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最优秀的科学所提供事实
09:09
clearly means nothing
to our politicians and our society.
to our politicians and our society.
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都明显对我们的政治家和社会毫无影响。
09:15
Some people say that Sweden
is just a small country,
is just a small country,
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有人说瑞典只是一个小国，
09:18
and that it doesn't matter what we do,
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我们做什么并不重要。
09:21
but I think that if a few children
can get headlines all over the world
can get headlines all over the world
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但我想如果有几个孩子
可以登上全世界的头条新闻，
可以登上全世界的头条新闻，
09:26
just by not coming to school
for a few weeks,
for a few weeks,
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只是罢课几周，
09:29
imagine what we could all do
together if you wanted to.
together if you wanted to.
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想象一下，
如果你们愿意，我们可以一起。
如果你们愿意，我们可以一起。
09:32
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:36
Now we're almost at the end of my talk,
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现在我的演讲快结束了，
09:41
and this is where people
usually start talking about hope,
usually start talking about hope,
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一般这时候人们开始畅想希望，
09:46
solar panels, wind power,
circular economy, and so on,
circular economy, and so on,
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太阳能电池板，风力发电，
循环经济等等，
循环经济等等，
09:52
but I'm not going to do that.
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但我不打算这样做。
09:54
We've had 30 years of pep-talking
and selling positive ideas.
and selling positive ideas.
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30年来，我们一直在讲
鼓舞士气的话，
鼓舞士气的话，
09:59
And I'm sorry,
but it doesn't work.
but it doesn't work.
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但我很抱歉那些没起作用。
10:02
Because if it would have,
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因为如果有用，
10:04
the emissions would have gone down by now.
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排放量现在应该已经下降了。
10:06
They haven't.
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但它们没有。
10:09
And yes, we do need hope,
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是的，我们确实需要希望，
10:12
of course we do.
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当然，我们需要。
10:14
But the one thing we need
more than hope is action.
more than hope is action.
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但我们需要的不仅仅是希望
而是行动。
而是行动。
10:19
Once we start to act,
hope is everywhere.
hope is everywhere.
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一旦我们开始行动，希望无处不在。
10:23
So instead of looking for hope,
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所以与其期待希望，
10:25
look for action.
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不如期待行动。
10:28
Then, and only then, hope will come.
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那样，只有那样，希望才会到来。
10:34
Today, we use 100 million
barrels of oil every single day.
barrels of oil every single day.
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今天，我们每天使用1亿桶石油。
10:41
There are no politics to change that.
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没有政策可以改变这一点。
10:45
There are no rules
to keep that oil in the ground.
to keep that oil in the ground.
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没有规定将石油封存在地下。
10:49
So we can't save the world
by playing by the rules,
by playing by the rules,
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所以我们不能通过遵守规则
拯救世界，
拯救世界，
10:52
because the rules have to be changed.
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因为规则必须改变。
10:56
Everything needs to change --
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一切都需要改变——
10:58
and it has to start today.
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必须从今天开始。
11:01
Thank you.
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谢谢。
11:02
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greta Thunberg - Climate activistGreta Thunberg is a Swedish climate activist.
Why you should listen
In August 2018, Greta Thunberg started a school strike for the climate outside the Swedish Parliament that has since spread all over the world and now involves over 100,000 schoolchildren. The movement is now called Fridays For Future.
Thunberg has spoken at climate rallies in Stockholm, Helsinki, Brussels and London. In December she attended the United Nations COP24 in Katowice, Poland, where she addressed the Secretary-General and made a plenary speech that went viral and was shared many million times around the globe. In January 2019 she was invited to the World Economic Forum in Davos where her speeches again made a worldwide impact.
Thunberg tries to live a low-carbon life. Therefore she is vegan, and she doesn't fly. She has been named as one of the worlds most influential teens by TIME magazine.
Greta Thunberg | Speaker | TED.com