TEDGlobal 2011
Geoff Mulgan: A short intro to the Studio School
Geoff Mulgan: lühike stuudiokooli tutvustus
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Mõned lapsed õpivad kuulates, teised tehes. Geoff Mulgan tutvustab lühidalt stuudiokooli - uut tüüpi Ühendkuningriigi kooli, kus õppimine toimub väikestes rühmades projektide kallal töötades. Nende projektide kohta ütleb Mulgan, et need on "tõelised".
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentator
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
What I want to talk about today is one idea.
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Ma tahan täna rääkida ühest ideest.
00:18
It's an idea for a new kind of school,
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See on idee uut tüüpi koolist,
00:20
which turns on its head much of our conventional thinking
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mis pöörab pea peale meie tavaarusaama sellest,
00:23
about what schools are for and how they work.
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mille jaoks koolid on ja kuidas nad töötavad.
00:25
And it might just be coming to a neighborhood near you soon.
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Ning selline kool võib tulla varsti ka teie naabrusesse!
00:28
Where it comes from
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Tuleb ta aga
00:30
is an organization called the Young Foundation,
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organisatsioonist nimega Noor Sihtasutus,
00:32
which, over many decades,
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mis mitmete aastakümnete jooksul
00:34
has come up with many innovations in education, like the Open University
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on algatanud palju haridusuuendusi, näiteks avatud ülikooli,
00:37
and things like Extended Schools,
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laiendatud koolid,
00:39
Schools for Social Entrepreneurs, Summer Universities
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sotsiaalse ettevõtluse koolid, suveülikoolid
00:42
and the School of Everything.
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ja Kõikide Asjade Kooli.
00:44
And about five years ago, we asked
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Umbes viis aastat tagasi küsisime me,
00:46
what was the most important need for innovation
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mis on kõige tähtsam uuendusvajadus
00:48
in schooling here in the U.K.
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Ühendkuningriigi haridussüsteemis.
00:51
And we felt the most important priority
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Ning saime aru, et kõige tähtsam
00:53
was to bring together two sets of problems.
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oli kahe probleemideringi ühendamine.
00:55
One was large numbers of bored teenagers
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Üks neist oli suur hulk tüdinenud teismelisi,
00:57
who just didn't like school,
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kellele ei meeldinud koolis,
00:59
couldn't see any relationship between what they learned in school
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kes ei saanud üldse aru seostest koolis õpitava
01:01
and future jobs.
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ja tulevase töö vahel.
01:03
And employers who kept complaining
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Ja siis tööandjad, kes aina kurtsid,
01:05
that the kids coming out of school weren't actually ready for real work,
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et kooli lõpetanud noored ei ole tegelikult valmis tööl käima,
01:08
didn't have the right attitudes and experience.
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neil pole õiget suhtumist ega kogemust.
01:10
And so we try to ask:
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Püüdsime siis küsida:
01:12
What kind of school would have the teenagers fighting to get in,
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milline on see kool, kus teismelised hirmsasti tahavad käia,
01:14
not fighting to stay out?
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mitte sealt hirmsasti puududa?
01:17
And after hundreds of conversations
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Peale sadu jutuajamisi
01:19
with teenagers and teachers and parents
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teismelistega, õpetajatega, lastevanematega,
01:21
and employers and schools
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tööandjatega ja koolidega
01:23
from Paraguay to Australia,
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Paraguaist Austraaliani,
01:25
and looking at some of the academic research,
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ja pärast akadeemiliste uurimustega tutvumist,
01:27
which showed the importance
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kust tuli välja, kui tähtsad
01:29
of what's now called non-cognitive skills --
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on nn. mitte-kognitiivsed oskused -
01:31
the skills of motivation, resilience --
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motivatsioon, raskustega toimetulek -
01:34
and that these are as important
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ning et need on sama tähtsad
01:36
as the cognitive skills -- formal academic skills --
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kui kognitiivsed (formaalsed akadeemilised) oskused,
01:38
we came up with an answer, a very simple answer in a way,
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saimegi probleemidele vastuse, mis on tegelikult väga lihtne
01:41
which we called the Studio School.
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ja mille nimetasime stuudiokooliks.
01:43
And we called it a studio school
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Stuudiokooli nimetus tuli
01:45
to go back to the original idea of a studio in the Renaissance
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renessansiajastu stuudio põhimõtte järgi,
01:49
where work and learning are integrated.
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kus töö ja õppimine käisid käsikäes.
01:51
You work by learning,
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Töötati õppides
01:53
and you learn by working.
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ja õpiti töötades.
01:55
And the design we came up with had the following characteristics.
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Meie loodud kavandil olid järgmised omadused.
01:58
First of all, we wanted small schools --
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Esiteks tahtsime väikseid koole -
02:00
about 300, 400 pupils --
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300-400 õpilast,
02:02
14 to 19 year-olds,
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14 - 19 aastat vanad,
02:04
and critically, about 80 percent of the curriculum done
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ja et vähemalt 80% õppekavast läbitakse
02:07
not through sitting in classrooms,
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mitte klassis istudes,
02:09
but through real-life, practical projects,
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vaid läbi tegelike, praktiliste projektide
02:11
working on commission
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komisjonitööna
02:13
to businesses, NGO's and others.
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mõne eraettevõtte või MTÜ juures jne.
02:15
That every pupil would have a coach, as well as teachers,
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Igal õpilasel oleks nii juhendaja kui õpetajad,
02:18
who would have timetables
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kellel on tunniplaan,
02:20
much more like a work environment in a business.
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sarnaneb pigem töökeskkonnale mõnes firmas.
02:22
And all of this will be done within the public system,
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Kõik see viiakse läbi riiklikus süsteemis
02:24
funded by public money,
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ja rahastatakse riiklikult,
02:26
but independently run.
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kuid juhitakse sõltumatult.
02:28
And all at no extra cost, no selection,
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Ei mingeid lisakulusid ega vastuvõtukatseid.
02:31
and allowing the pupils the route into university,
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Õpilastel on võimalus edasi õppida ülikoolis,
02:34
even if many of them would want to become entrepreneurs
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kuigi paljud neist tahavad saada ettevõtjateks
02:37
and have manual jobs as well.
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ja ka oskustöölisteks.
02:39
Underlying it was some very simple ideas
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Kõige selle aluseks olid väga lihtsad ideed:
02:42
that large numbers of teenagers learn best by doing things,
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suur osa teismelisi õpib kõige paremini asju läbi tehes;
02:45
they learn best in teams
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nad õpivad kõige paremini meeskondades;
02:47
and they learn best by doing things for real --
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nad õpivad kõige paremini asju päriselt tehes -
02:50
all the opposite of what mainstream schooling
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kõik vastandina tavahariduses
02:52
actually does.
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toimuvale.
02:54
Now that was a nice idea,
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Kuna see oli hea idee,
02:56
so we moved into the rapid prototyping phase.
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siis liikusime kiiresti mudeli loomise etappi.
02:59
We tried it out,
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Katsetasime seda
03:01
first in Luton --
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alguses Lutonis,
03:03
famous for its airport and not much else, I fear --
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mis on kuulus ehk ainult lennujaama poolest,
03:05
and in Blackpool -- famous for its beaches and leisure.
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ja Blackpoolis, mis on kuulus kuurort.
03:08
And what we found -- and we got quite a lot of things wrong
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Mis me avastasime - meil läks palju asju viltu ka,
03:10
and then improved them --
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need parandasime ära -
03:12
but we found that the young people loved it.
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avastasime, et noortele meeldis see tohutult.
03:14
They found it much more motivational, much more exciting
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Nende arvates oli see palju motiveerivam, palju põnevam
03:17
than traditional education.
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kui traditsiooniline haridus.
03:19
And perhaps most important of all,
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Ja kõige tähtsam on ehk see,
03:21
two years later when the exam results came through,
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et kahe aasta pärast olid õpilaste eksamitulemused,
03:24
the pupils who had been put on these field trials
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kes olid selles katsetusjärgus osalenud
03:26
who were in the lowest performing groups
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kõige vähem edasi jõudnud gruppides,
03:28
had jumped right to the top --
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hüpanud lausa lakke -
03:30
in fact, pretty much at the top decile of performance
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praktiliselt kõrgeimate tulemusteni
03:33
in terms of GCSE's,
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GCSE eksamitel,
03:35
which is the British marking system.
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mis on Briti hindamissüsteem.
03:38
Now not surprisingly,
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Polnud ka ime,
03:40
that influenced some people to think we were onto something.
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et mõned inimesed hakkasid arvama, et meil midagi loob.
03:43
The minister of education
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Haridusminister
03:45
down south in London
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all lõunas Londonis
03:47
described himself as a "big fan."
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ütles enda kohta "suur fänn".
03:49
And the business organizations thought we were onto something
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Ettevõtetes saadi ka aru, et meil midagi loob -
03:52
in terms of a way of preparing children much better
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et me valmistame õpilasi palju paremini ette
03:54
for real-life work today.
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tänaseks tegelikuks tööeluks.
03:56
And indeed, the head of the Chambers of Commerce
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Ja ennäe! Kaubanduskoja juhataja
03:58
is now the chairman of the Studio Schools Trust
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on nüüd Stuudiokoolide Sihtfondi esimees
04:01
and helping it, not just with big businesses,
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ja toetab seda mitte ainult suurfirmadega,
04:04
but small businesses all over the country.
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vaid ka väikefirmadega üle kogu riigi.
04:07
We started with two schools.
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Me alustasime kahe kooliga.
04:09
That's grown this year to about 10.
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Arv kasvas sel aastal kümneni.
04:11
And next year, we're expecting about 35 schools
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Järgmisel aastal avatakse umbes 35 kooli
04:14
open across England,
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üle kogu Inglismaa
04:16
and another 40 areas
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ja veel 40 piirkonda
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want to have their own schools opening --
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tahavad avada oma koole -
04:20
a pretty rapid spread
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päris kiire levik
04:22
of this idea.
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on sel ideel.
04:24
Interestingly,
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Huvitav on see,
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it's happened almost entirely without media coverage.
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et see on aset leidnud peaaegu ilma meediakajastuseta.
04:29
It's happened almost entirely without big money behind it.
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See on aset leidnud ilma suurte toetavate rahasummadeta.
04:33
It spread almost entirely through word of mouth, virally,
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See on kiirelt levinud peamiselt ainult suusõnaliselt
04:37
across teachers, parents,
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õpetajate, lapsevanemate,
04:39
people involved in education.
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haridustöötajate hulgas.
04:41
And it spread because of the power of an idea --
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Ning levis see tänu võimsale ideele,
04:43
so the very, very simple idea
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nii et ülimalt lihtne idee
04:45
about turning education on its head
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haridus pea peale pöörata
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and putting the things which were marginal,
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ja asetada marginaalsed asjad -
04:50
things like working in teams, doing practical projects,
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meeskonnas töötamine, praktiliste projektide tegemine -
04:53
and putting them right at the heart of learning,
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asetada need õppimise keskmesse,
04:56
rather than on the edges.
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mitte ääre peale.
04:59
Now there's a whole set of new schools
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Nüüd on meil terve komplekt uusi koole,
05:01
opening up this autumn.
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mis avatakse sel sügisel.
05:03
This is one from Yorkshire
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Üks neist on Yorkshire'is,
05:05
where, in fact, my nephew, I hope, will be able to attend it.
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kuhu loodetavasti ka minu õepoeg õppima pääseb.
05:08
And this one is focused
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See spetsialiseerub
05:10
on creative and media industries.
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loomemajandusele ja meediatööstusele.
05:12
Other ones have a focus on health care,
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Teised spetsialiseeruvad tervishoiule,
05:14
tourism, engineering
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turismile, tehnilistele
05:16
and other fields.
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ja muudele aladele.
05:18
We think we're onto something.
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Meil on midagi loomas.
05:20
It's not perfect yet,
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See pole veel täiuslik,
05:22
but we think this is one idea
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aga me arvame, et see idee
05:24
which can transform the lives
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suudab muuta
05:26
of thousands, possibly millions, of teenagers
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tuhandete või miljonite teismeliste elu,
05:28
who are really bored by schooling.
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kellele kool on tõeliselt tüütu.
05:30
It doesn't animate them.
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Kool ei haara ega innusta neid.
05:32
They're not like all of you who can sit in rows
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Nad ei ole nagu teie kõik, kes suudavad reas istuda
05:35
and hear things said to you for hour after hour.
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ja kuulata tund tunni järel, mida teile räägitakse.
05:38
They want to do things, they want to get their hands dirty,
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Nad tahavad asju ise teha, oma käsi määrida.
05:41
they want education to be for real.
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Nad tahavad, et haridus oleks päriselt.
05:44
And my hope is that some of you out there
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Ma loodan, et mõned teist
05:46
may be able to help us.
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saavad meid aidata.
05:48
We feel we're on the beginning of a journey
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Tunneme, et oleme teekonna alguses.
05:51
of experiment and improvement
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Katsetame ja parendame,
05:53
to turn the Studio School idea
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et muuta stuudiokooli idee
05:55
into something which is present,
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reaalselt olemas olevaks,
05:58
not as a universal answer for every child,
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mitte ühtmoodi kõigi õpilaste jaoks,
06:00
but at least as an answer for some children in every part of the world.
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vaid võimaluseks igas maailma nurgas neile, kes seda vajavad.
06:03
And I hope that a few of you at least can help us make that happen.
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Ma loodan, et vähemasti mõned teist saavad aidata selle teoks teha.
06:06
Thank you very much.
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Tänan teid väga.
06:08
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentatorGeoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy."
Why you should listen
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy with a 50-year history of creating new organisations and pioneering ideas in fields as varied as aging, education, healthcare and poverty reduction.
Before the Young Foundation, Geoff Mulgan has held various roles in the UK government including director of the Government's Strategy Unit and head of policy in the Prime Minister's office, and he was the founder of the think-tank Demos. He is chairing a Carnegie Inquiry into the Future of Civil Society in the UK and Ireland. His most recent book is The Art of Public Strategy: Mobilising Power and Knowledge for the Common Good.
Geoff Mulgan | Speaker | TED.com