TEDGlobal 2011
Geoff Mulgan: A short intro to the Studio School
杰夫·马尔根：工作室学校的简介
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有些儿童通过倾听来学习；另一些则通过实践来学习。杰夫·马尔根对工作室学校进行了简要介绍，这是一种英国的新式学校，在这里儿童以小组形式通过完成项目来学习，就像马尔根说的那样，“实践性的”
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentator
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
What I want to talk about today is one idea.
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我今天想谈的概念
00:18
It's an idea for a new kind of school,
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是关于一种新式学校的想法
00:20
which turns on its head much of our conventional thinking
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它颠覆了我们传统观念中
00:23
about what schools are for and how they work.
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学校的定义和运作方式
00:25
And it might just be coming to a neighborhood near you soon.
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也许不久的将来它就会出现在你的周围
00:28
Where it comes from
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它出自
00:30
is an organization called the Young Foundation,
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一个叫做青年基金的组织
00:32
which, over many decades,
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这个组织有数十年历史
00:34
has come up with many innovations in education, like the Open University
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已经在教育领域提出了很多新观念，比如函授大学
00:37
and things like Extended Schools,
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以及像拓展式学校之类的概念
00:39
Schools for Social Entrepreneurs, Summer Universities
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社会企业家学校，夏季大学
00:42
and the School of Everything.
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和“万全学校”
00:44
And about five years ago, we asked
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大约5年前，我们提出一个问题
00:46
what was the most important need for innovation
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在英国的学校中，对于创新来说
00:48
in schooling here in the U.K.
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最重要的需求是什么
00:51
And we felt the most important priority
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我们认为最重要的优先选项是
00:53
was to bring together two sets of problems.
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两套问题
00:55
One was large numbers of bored teenagers
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一个是大量的对学习厌烦的青少年
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who just didn't like school,
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他们不喜欢学校
00:59
couldn't see any relationship between what they learned in school
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完全看不出在学校学的东西和将来的工作
01:01
and future jobs.
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有任何联系
01:03
And employers who kept complaining
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同时雇主们依旧不停抱怨
01:05
that the kids coming out of school weren't actually ready for real work,
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学校毕业的学生其实根本无法适应真正的工作
01:08
didn't have the right attitudes and experience.
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缺乏正确的态度和经历
01:10
And so we try to ask:
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于是我们试着发问
01:12
What kind of school would have the teenagers fighting to get in,
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什么样的学校可以让青少年争着进来
01:14
not fighting to stay out?
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而不是抢着逃走？
01:17
And after hundreds of conversations
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经过数百次与青少年、老师
01:19
with teenagers and teachers and parents
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家长、雇主以及学校的交流
01:21
and employers and schools
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从巴拉圭
01:23
from Paraguay to Australia,
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到澳大利亚
01:25
and looking at some of the academic research,
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同时查找了一些学术研究
01:27
which showed the importance
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表明了我们现在所谓的
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of what's now called non-cognitive skills --
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非认知性机能的重要性--
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the skills of motivation, resilience --
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动机、应变能力的技能--
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and that these are as important
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这些技能和认知性机能
01:36
as the cognitive skills -- formal academic skills --
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同样重要--和正规学术技能一样--
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we came up with an answer, a very simple answer in a way,
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我们得出一个结论，某种程度上说一个非常简单的答案
01:41
which we called the Studio School.
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即我们所谓的工作室学校
01:43
And we called it a studio school
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我们让工作室学校回归到
01:45
to go back to the original idea of a studio in the Renaissance
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文艺复兴时期对工作室最原始的定义上
01:49
where work and learning are integrated.
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即工作和学习相结合的地方
01:51
You work by learning,
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人们通过学习指导工作
01:53
and you learn by working.
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同时在工作中学习
01:55
And the design we came up with had the following characteristics.
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我们设计的这个想法有以下这些特点
01:58
First of all, we wanted small schools --
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首先，我们希望学校规模要小--
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about 300, 400 pupils --
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大约300-400名学生--
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14 to 19 year-olds,
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14-19岁
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and critically, about 80 percent of the curriculum done
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重要的是，大约80%的课程
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not through sitting in classrooms,
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不是坐在课堂完成的
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but through real-life, practical projects,
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而是通过真实的，授权给商业机构
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working on commission
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非政府机构等其他机构
02:13
to businesses, NGO's and others.
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的实际项目来完成
02:15
That every pupil would have a coach, as well as teachers,
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每一个学生都会有一位导师和几位老师
02:18
who would have timetables
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他们会有时间表
02:20
much more like a work environment in a business.
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这更像是在商业领域内的工作环境
02:22
And all of this will be done within the public system,
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同时所有上述这些工作都会在公开体制下进行
02:24
funded by public money,
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由公共资金资助
02:26
but independently run.
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但独立运作
02:28
And all at no extra cost, no selection,
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没有额外费用和选拔
02:31
and allowing the pupils the route into university,
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同时学生可以通过这类学校进入大学
02:34
even if many of them would want to become entrepreneurs
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虽然他们中的很多人希望成为企业家
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and have manual jobs as well.
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或者获得一份蓝领工作
02:39
Underlying it was some very simple ideas
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这些是基于一个非常简单的概念
02:42
that large numbers of teenagers learn best by doing things,
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即对于大多数青少年来说，最好的学习方式是实践
02:45
they learn best in teams
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团队方式最有利于学习
02:47
and they learn best by doing things for real --
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同时做实际的工作也是最有利的--
02:50
all the opposite of what mainstream schooling
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主流教育界做的实际上都是
02:52
actually does.
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相反的
02:54
Now that was a nice idea,
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现在有了一个好的想法
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so we moved into the rapid prototyping phase.
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于是我们进入到快速示范点建设阶段
02:59
We tried it out,
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进行了试点
03:01
first in Luton --
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首先是在卢顿--
03:03
famous for its airport and not much else, I fear --
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因机场闻名的城市--
03:05
and in Blackpool -- famous for its beaches and leisure.
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布莱克浦--因海滩和安逸的生活而闻名
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And what we found -- and we got quite a lot of things wrong
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我们发现了什么--我们发现了很多问题
03:10
and then improved them --
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然后进行了改进--
03:12
but we found that the young people loved it.
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但是我们发现年轻人很喜欢这个新想法
03:14
They found it much more motivational, much more exciting
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他们觉得它较之传统教育来说更富主动性
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than traditional education.
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更令人兴奋
03:19
And perhaps most important of all,
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可能这些好处中最重要的是
03:21
two years later when the exam results came through,
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两年后，当考试结果出来的时候
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the pupils who had been put on these field trials
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在实践演练中
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who were in the lowest performing groups
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表现的最差组的学生们
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had jumped right to the top --
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一跃成为了尖子生--
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in fact, pretty much at the top decile of performance
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实际上，许多学生表现有顶级的分数表现
03:33
in terms of GCSE's,
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在英国的一个
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which is the British marking system.
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叫做普通中等教育的测试系统中
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Now not surprisingly,
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现在不出意料的是
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that influenced some people to think we were onto something.
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已经影响到了一些人去思考我们正在做的事情
03:43
The minister of education
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教育部长
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down south in London
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在伦敦南部
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described himself as a "big fan."
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说自己是它的忠实粉丝
03:49
And the business organizations thought we were onto something
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同时企业组织认为我们所做的事情
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in terms of a way of preparing children much better
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是在探索一条让孩子能更好的适应
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for real-life work today.
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当今现实工作的路
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And indeed, the head of the Chambers of Commerce
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商会负责人
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is now the chairman of the Studio Schools Trust
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现在成为了工作室学校的主席
04:01
and helping it, not just with big businesses,
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并提供帮助，不仅仅和大企业
04:04
but small businesses all over the country.
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也和全国的小企业
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We started with two schools.
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我们在两个学校试点
04:09
That's grown this year to about 10.
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今年增长到大约10家
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And next year, we're expecting about 35 schools
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明年，预计大约35家
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open across England,
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贯穿英格兰
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and another 40 areas
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同时其它40个地区
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want to have their own schools opening --
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希望有他们自己的学校--
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a pretty rapid spread
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新理念被快速
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of this idea.
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传播开来
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Interestingly,
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有趣的是
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it's happened almost entirely without media coverage.
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这些传播几乎完全不依靠媒体的报道
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It's happened almost entirely without big money behind it.
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几乎完全没有雄厚资金的背后支持
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It spread almost entirely through word of mouth, virally,
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它的传播完全通过口口相传
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across teachers, parents,
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遍及老师，父母
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people involved in education.
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教育界的人
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And it spread because of the power of an idea --
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它的传播是因为思想的力量--
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so the very, very simple idea
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所以一个非常简单的想法
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about turning education on its head
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它把教育放在首位
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and putting the things which were marginal,
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并把那些边缘性的东西
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things like working in teams, doing practical projects,
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比如团队合作，实际操作
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and putting them right at the heart of learning,
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放在学习的最核心位置
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rather than on the edges.
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而不是边缘
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Now there's a whole set of new schools
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现在已经有一整套新式学校
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opening up this autumn.
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将于今年秋天开学
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This is one from Yorkshire
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这是约克郡的一个
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where, in fact, my nephew, I hope, will be able to attend it.
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我希望我的侄子可以加入
05:08
And this one is focused
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这家学校专注在
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on creative and media industries.
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创造性和媒体产业
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Other ones have a focus on health care,
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其它学校有专攻卫生保健
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tourism, engineering
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旅游，工程学
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and other fields.
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和其他领域
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We think we're onto something.
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我们自认为所作的事情
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It's not perfect yet,
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还并不完美
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but we think this is one idea
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但是我们坚信这个想法
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which can transform the lives
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可以改变那些数千
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of thousands, possibly millions, of teenagers
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也许是数百万厌倦学校教育
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who are really bored by schooling.
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青少年的人生
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It doesn't animate them.
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并不是告诉他们去做什么
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They're not like all of you who can sit in rows
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他们和在座的各位不一样
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and hear things said to you for hour after hour.
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他们不喜欢数小时听别人讲东西
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They want to do things, they want to get their hands dirty,
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他们希望去做东西，他们想让双手忙活起来
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they want education to be for real.
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他们希望教育去适应现实
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And my hope is that some of you out there
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我希望在座的朋友
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may be able to help us.
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可以给予我们帮助
05:48
We feel we're on the beginning of a journey
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对于工作室学校想法的实验和改造
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of experiment and improvement
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我们所作的只是万里长征的一小步
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to turn the Studio School idea
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我们希望把这个想法变成一个答案
05:55
into something which is present,
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也许它不能成为适合
05:58
not as a universal answer for every child,
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每一位儿童的普遍答案
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but at least as an answer for some children in every part of the world.
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但是至少适合世界上无论何处的部分儿童的答案
06:03
And I hope that a few of you at least can help us make that happen.
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同时我希望你们中的小部分人至少可以帮我们把它实现
06:06
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
06:08
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentatorGeoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy."
Why you should listen
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy with a 50-year history of creating new organisations and pioneering ideas in fields as varied as aging, education, healthcare and poverty reduction.
Before the Young Foundation, Geoff Mulgan has held various roles in the UK government including director of the Government's Strategy Unit and head of policy in the Prime Minister's office, and he was the founder of the think-tank Demos. He is chairing a Carnegie Inquiry into the Future of Civil Society in the UK and Ireland. His most recent book is The Art of Public Strategy: Mobilising Power and Knowledge for the Common Good.
Geoff Mulgan | Speaker | TED.com