TEDGlobal 2011
Geoff Mulgan: A short intro to the Studio School
Goeff Mulgan: Studio Maktabi haqida biroz ma'lumot
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Ba'zi bolalar tinglash orqali o'rganadilar; boshqalari esa bajarish orqali. Goeff Mulgan sizni Studio Maktabi bilan qisqacha tanishtiradi. Bu Buyuk Britaniya Birlashgan Qirolligidagi yangi usuldagi maktabdir. Unda kichik-kichik guruhlarda bolalar, Malganning aytishiga ko'ra, "haqiqiy va amaliy" dasturlarda ishlab o'rganadilar.
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentator
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
What I want to talk about today is one idea.
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Bugun men bir g'oya haqida so'zlamoqchiman.
00:18
It's an idea for a new kind of school,
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Bu g'oya maktablarning nima uchun mavjudligi va
00:20
which turns on its head much of our conventional thinking
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xizmat qilishi xaqidagi an'anaviy tushunchani o'zgartiradigan
00:23
about what schools are for and how they work.
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yangi maktabni qurish g'oyasidir.
00:25
And it might just be coming to a neighborhood near you soon.
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Yaqinda shunday maktab sizning mahallangizda ham paydo bo'lishi mumkin.
00:28
Where it comes from
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Bu "Young Foundation"
00:30
is an organization called the Young Foundation,
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tashkilotida boshlangan.
00:32
which, over many decades,
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Bu tashkilot ko'plab yillar davomida
00:34
has come up with many innovations in education, like the Open University
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ta'lim sohasida "Open University" - "Ochiq Universitet" kabi ko'plab yangi g'oyalarga asos solgan.
00:37
and things like Extended Schools,
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Shular qatorida kundalik dars soatlari uzaytirilgan maktablar,
00:39
Schools for Social Entrepreneurs, Summer Universities
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ijtimoiy tadbirkorlar maktabi, yozgi universitetlar
00:42
and the School of Everything.
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va "Hamma sohalar maktabi".
00:44
And about five years ago, we asked
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Besh yil avval, biz Buyuk Britaniyadagi
00:46
what was the most important need for innovation
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ta'lim sohasi uchun qanday yangilik kiritish
00:48
in schooling here in the U.K.
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eng muhimligini so'radik.
00:51
And we felt the most important priority
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Bizga shunisi ayon bo'ldiki, eng muhim vazifa
00:53
was to bring together two sets of problems.
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ikki muammoni hal qilish ekan.
00:55
One was large numbers of bored teenagers
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Bitta muammo maktabni yoqtirmaydigan ko'plab
00:57
who just didn't like school,
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zerikkan o'smirlar.
00:59
couldn't see any relationship between what they learned in school
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Ular maktabda egallagan ta'lim bilan kelajakdagi ishlarning
01:01
and future jobs.
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orasidagi aloqadorlikni ko'rmas edi.
01:03
And employers who kept complaining
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Ikkinchi muammo esa maktabni bitirayotgan o'quvchilar
01:05
that the kids coming out of school weren't actually ready for real work,
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haqiqiy ishga tayyor emas, to'g'ri munosabati va tajribasi yo'q
01:08
didn't have the right attitudes and experience.
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deb arz qilayotgan ish bilan ta'minlovchilardir.
01:10
And so we try to ask:
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Hullas, biz shunday avol so'radik:
01:12
What kind of school would have the teenagers fighting to get in,
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O'smirlar qanday maktabda ta'limdan qutulish uchun emas,
01:14
not fighting to stay out?
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balki ta'lim olishlari uchun kurashadi?
01:17
And after hundreds of conversations
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Paragvaydan toki Avstraliyagacha bo'lgan
01:19
with teenagers and teachers and parents
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o'smirlar, o'qituvchilar, ota-onalar,
01:21
and employers and schools
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ish bilan ta'minlovchi korxonalar va maktablar bilan
01:23
from Paraguay to Australia,
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juda ko'p suhbatlar olib borgandan
01:25
and looking at some of the academic research,
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va ba'zi ilmiy izlanishlarni ham o'rganib chiqqandan so'ng shunday hulosaga keldik:
01:27
which showed the importance
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aqliy aloqadorligi bo'lmagan qobiliyatlar,
01:29
of what's now called non-cognitive skills --
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hunarlarning muhimligi namoyon bo'ldi --
01:31
the skills of motivation, resilience --
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bular qiziquvchanlik, qat'iylikdir.
01:34
and that these are as important
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Mana shular esa huddi aqliy -
01:36
as the cognitive skills -- formal academic skills --
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rasmiy ilmiy qobiliyatlar kabi muhimdir.
01:38
we came up with an answer, a very simple answer in a way,
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Shunday qilib, biz savolimizga juda sodda javob topib,
01:41
which we called the Studio School.
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uni Studio Maktabi deb nomladik.
01:43
And we called it a studio school
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Biz Renassans (Uyg'onish) davridagi ish va o'qish birgalikda amalga oshadigan
01:45
to go back to the original idea of a studio in the Renaissance
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studioning asl g'oyasiga asoslangan holda
01:49
where work and learning are integrated.
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bu maktabni studio maktabi deb atadik.
01:51
You work by learning,
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Inson o'rganish orqali ishlaydi
01:53
and you learn by working.
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va ishlash orqali o'rganadi.
01:55
And the design we came up with had the following characteristics.
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Biz o'ylagan dizayn quyidagi xususiyatlarga ega bo'ldi.
01:58
First of all, we wanted small schools --
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Eng avvaliga, biz 14 yoshdan 19 yoshgacha bo'lgan
02:00
about 300, 400 pupils --
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300, 400 ta o'quvchilari bo'lgan
02:02
14 to 19 year-olds,
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kichkina maktablarni tuzishni xohladik.
02:04
and critically, about 80 percent of the curriculum done
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Va eng muhimi, o'quv dasturining taxminan 80 foizi
02:07
not through sitting in classrooms,
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sinfxonalarida o'tirib o'rganish emas,
02:09
but through real-life, practical projects,
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balki tadbirkorlik, nodavlat tashkilotlari va boshqa tashkilotlardan
02:11
working on commission
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vazifalar olib
02:13
to businesses, NGO's and others.
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hayotiy va amaliy dasturlar ustida ishlash orqali bo'ladi.
02:15
That every pupil would have a coach, as well as teachers,
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Har bir o'quvchining ustozi va o'qituvchilari bo'ladi,
02:18
who would have timetables
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deyarli ishxonalardagidek ish
02:20
much more like a work environment in a business.
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jadvallari bo'ladi.
02:22
And all of this will be done within the public system,
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Buning hammasi umumxalq ta'lim tizimi borasida,
02:24
funded by public money,
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ommaviy mablag' bilan ta'minlangan holatda,
02:26
but independently run.
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lekin bu tizimdan mustaqil holatda boshqariladi.
02:28
And all at no extra cost, no selection,
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Bularning hammasi tekin, hech qanday tanlov jarayoni bo'lmaydi
02:31
and allowing the pupils the route into university,
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va hattoki o'quvchilarning ko'pchiligi tadbirkorlar bo'lib
02:34
even if many of them would want to become entrepreneurs
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yoki jismoniy mehnat bilan shug'ullanishni xohlasalar ham,
02:37
and have manual jobs as well.
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biz ularni oliy o'quv dargohlariga o'qishga kirishlari uchun ham tayyorlaymiz.
02:39
Underlying it was some very simple ideas
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Buning asosida judda sodda g'oyalar bo'lgan,
02:42
that large numbers of teenagers learn best by doing things,
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ya'ni ko'plab o'smirlar ishni bajarish orqali juda yaxshi o'rganadilar,
02:45
they learn best in teams
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guruh bo'lib va
02:47
and they learn best by doing things for real --
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xaqiqiy amaliy narsalarni bajarganda, juda yaxshi o'rganadilar--
02:50
all the opposite of what mainstream schooling
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buning hammasi odatiy maktablarda
02:52
actually does.
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bajariladiganlarning butunlay aksidir.
02:54
Now that was a nice idea,
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Bu g'oya ajoyib bo'lgach,
02:56
so we moved into the rapid prototyping phase.
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biz darrov sinov dasturini boshladik.
02:59
We tried it out,
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Biz buni avvaliga
03:01
first in Luton --
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faqatgina aerportlari
03:03
famous for its airport and not much else, I fear --
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bilan mashhur bo'lgan Lutonda va suv bo'yidagi
03:05
and in Blackpool -- famous for its beaches and leisure.
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sohillari bilan mashhur Blekpulda (Blackpool) amalda sinab ko'rdik.
03:08
And what we found -- and we got quite a lot of things wrong
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Avvaliga biz ko'p ishlarni noto'g'ri bajarganligimizni angladik
03:10
and then improved them --
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va keyin xatolarimizni to'g'riladik,
03:12
but we found that the young people loved it.
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lekin bunday maktabni yoshlar juda ham yoqtirganligin angladik.
03:14
They found it much more motivational, much more exciting
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An'anaviy o'quv usulidan ko'ra, bu maktab yoshlar uchun
03:17
than traditional education.
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ancha qiziqarli va hayajonli edi.
03:19
And perhaps most important of all,
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Hammasidan ham muhimi shuki,
03:21
two years later when the exam results came through,
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avvaliga juda ham sust o'zlashtirayotgan guruhlarida bo'lgan,
03:24
the pupils who had been put on these field trials
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bu sinov dasturlarida ishlayotgan o'quvchilar
03:26
who were in the lowest performing groups
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ikki yildan so'nggi imtihon natijalariga ko'ra
03:28
had jumped right to the top --
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eng yuqori o'zlashitirish ko'rsatkichida bo'ldilar.
03:30
in fact, pretty much at the top decile of performance
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Darxaqiqat, Britaniya baxolash tizimi
03:33
in terms of GCSE's,
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GCSE bo'yicha,
03:35
which is the British marking system.
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natijlarning eng yuqorgi 10 foizida edilar.
03:38
Now not surprisingly,
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Va albatta bu natijalar
03:40
that influenced some people to think we were onto something.
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ba'zi insonlarning biz to'g'ri yo'nalishda ekanligimizga ishonishiga sabab bo'ldi.
03:43
The minister of education
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Londondagi
03:45
down south in London
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ta'lim vaziri
03:47
described himself as a "big fan."
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o'zini bu dasturning "katta muxlisi" ekanligini aytdi.
03:49
And the business organizations thought we were onto something
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Tadbirkorlik tashkilotlari ham yoshlarni bugungi kundagi haqiqiy-hayotiy
03:52
in terms of a way of preparing children much better
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ishga ancha yaxshi tayyorlash borasida biz to'g'ri
03:54
for real-life work today.
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yo'nalishda ekanimizni angladilar.
03:56
And indeed, the head of the Chambers of Commerce
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Hattoki, Buyuk Britaniya savdo-sanoat bo'limining rahbari
03:58
is now the chairman of the Studio Schools Trust
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hozirgi paytda Studio Maktablari Jamg'armasining rahbaridir.
04:01
and helping it, not just with big businesses,
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U nafaqat katta tadbirkorlik tashkilotlarini, balki butun davlat bo'ylab kichik tadbirkorlik
04:04
but small businesses all over the country.
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tashkilotlarini ham jalb qilish orqali bizga yordam beryapdi.
04:07
We started with two schools.
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Biz ikkita maktab bilan boshladik.
04:09
That's grown this year to about 10.
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Bu yil esa maktablarimiz 10 ta bo'ldi.
04:11
And next year, we're expecting about 35 schools
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Kelasi yilga esa, Angliya bo'ylab
04:14
open across England,
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maktablarimiz 35ta bo'lishi kutilmoqda
04:16
and another 40 areas
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va boshqa 40ta joylar esa
04:18
want to have their own schools opening --
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shunga o'xshash o'zlarining maktablarini ochmoqchilar.
04:20
a pretty rapid spread
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Bu g'oya juda tez
04:22
of this idea.
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tarqalyapdi.
04:24
Interestingly,
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Shunisi qiziqki,
04:26
it's happened almost entirely without media coverage.
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buning hammasi ommaviy axborot vositalarisiz tarqaldi.
04:29
It's happened almost entirely without big money behind it.
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Shu jumladan, hech qanday katta mablag'siz amalga oshdi.
04:33
It spread almost entirely through word of mouth, virally,
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Bu haqida ma'lumot o'qituvchilar, ota-onalar
04:37
across teachers, parents,
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va ta'lim sohasidagi insonlar orqali,
04:39
people involved in education.
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og'izdan og'iz gap orqali tarqaldi.
04:41
And it spread because of the power of an idea --
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G'oyaning kuchliligi sababli bu shunday tez tarqaldi --
04:43
so the very, very simple idea
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ta'lim sohasining negizini o'zgartirish xaqidagi
04:45
about turning education on its head
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juda ham sodda g'oya:
04:47
and putting the things which were marginal,
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an'anaviy maktablarda deyarli qo'llanilmaydigan usullar -
04:50
things like working in teams, doing practical projects,
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guruh bo'lib ishlash, amaliy dasturlarni bajarish
04:53
and putting them right at the heart of learning,
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va ularni ta'limning chekkasiga emas, eng markaziga qo'yish usullaridan
04:56
rather than on the edges.
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foydalanishdir.
04:59
Now there's a whole set of new schools
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Shu kuzda shunday bir necha
05:01
opening up this autumn.
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maktablarni ochamiz.
05:03
This is one from Yorkshire
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Bu Yorkshirdagi maktab,
05:05
where, in fact, my nephew, I hope, will be able to attend it.
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jiyanim shu maktabga boradi deb umid qilaman.
05:08
And this one is focused
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Bu maktab esa ijodkorlik va axborot
05:10
on creative and media industries.
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vositalari fanlari bo'yicha ixtisoslashgan.
05:12
Other ones have a focus on health care,
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Boshqalari esa tibbiyot, sayohat,
05:14
tourism, engineering
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muhandislik va boshqa sohalar
05:16
and other fields.
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bo'yicha ixtisoslashgan.
05:18
We think we're onto something.
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Biz to'g'ri yo'nalishdamiz deb o'ylaymiz.
05:20
It's not perfect yet,
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Bu hali mukkamal emas,
05:22
but we think this is one idea
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lekin bu g'oya
05:24
which can transform the lives
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maktabdan zerikkan minglab,
05:26
of thousands, possibly millions, of teenagers
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ehtimol millionlab o'smirlaning hayotini
05:28
who are really bored by schooling.
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o'zgartiradigan bir g'oya deb o'ylaymiz.
05:30
It doesn't animate them.
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An'anaviy ta'lim tizimi ularni g'ayratga to'ldirmaydi.
05:32
They're not like all of you who can sit in rows
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Ular sizlar kabi xotirjam o'tirib, bir necha
05:35
and hear things said to you for hour after hour.
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soatlab o'qituvchining aytganlarini tinglay olmaydilar.
05:38
They want to do things, they want to get their hands dirty,
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Ular amaliy ish bajarishni xohlaydilar, qo'llari bilan ishlashni istaydilar,
05:41
they want education to be for real.
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ular ta'limning xaqiqiy bo'lishini xohlaydilar.
05:44
And my hope is that some of you out there
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Shu yerda o'tirgan ba'zi insonlar
05:46
may be able to help us.
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bizga yordam bera oladi deb umid qilaman.
05:48
We feel we're on the beginning of a journey
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Biz Studio maktabi g'oyamizni
05:51
of experiment and improvement
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qandaydir xaqiqiy maktabga aylantirish borasidagi
05:53
to turn the Studio School idea
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tajriba va rivojlanish bosqichidagi sayohatimizning
05:55
into something which is present,
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eng avvalidamiz deb o'ylaymiz.
05:58
not as a universal answer for every child,
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Bu albatta har bir yosh uchun qulay usul bo'lmas,
06:00
but at least as an answer for some children in every part of the world.
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lekin dunyoning har bir qismidagi ba'zi yoshlar uchun qulay usul bo'ladi.
06:03
And I hope that a few of you at least can help us make that happen.
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Hech bo'lmaganda, orangizda kimlardir bizga shu ishni amalga oshirishimizga yordam bera oladi deb umid qilaman.
06:06
Thank you very much.
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Katta rahmat.
06:08
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentatorGeoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy."
Why you should listen
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy with a 50-year history of creating new organisations and pioneering ideas in fields as varied as aging, education, healthcare and poverty reduction.
Before the Young Foundation, Geoff Mulgan has held various roles in the UK government including director of the Government's Strategy Unit and head of policy in the Prime Minister's office, and he was the founder of the think-tank Demos. He is chairing a Carnegie Inquiry into the Future of Civil Society in the UK and Ireland. His most recent book is The Art of Public Strategy: Mobilising Power and Knowledge for the Common Good.
Geoff Mulgan | Speaker | TED.com