Christiane Amanpour: How to seek truth in the era of fake news
کریستین امانپور: چگونه در عصر اخبار جعلی حقیقت را دریابیم
TV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
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great to have you here.
خیلی خوش اومدی.
that in the last few years,
که طی چند سال اخیر،
developments that you're seeing.
که تو شاهدشون بودی.
to the earlier speakers,
صحبتهای سخنرانان قبلی،
in what they've been saying:
چارچوببندیش کنم:
cities, the threat to our environment
شهرها، تهدیدهای محیط زیستی،
به درک این حقیقت میشه
understanding the truth
اونچه در موردش حرف میزنیم رو بفهمیم
of what we're talking about
of the science on climate
از علم در مورد آب و هوا
with a handful of deniers,
با جمعی از انکارکنندگان در رقابت است
certainly this last year --
به ویژه سال گذشته --
in a way that's truly alarming
طوریکه واقعا نگرانکنندهست
to be thrown around.
که همینطوری ازش استفاده بشه.
between the truth and fake news,
و اخبار جعلی تمایز قائل شد،
difficult time trying to solve
مشکلات بزرگی که با آنها مواجه میشویم.
in this question of,
این سوال بودی که،
what is impartiality,
بیطرفی چیه،
reporting the Balkan Wars 25 years ago.
جبهههای جنگ بالکان گزارش تهیه میکردی.
one simply cannot be neutral about,
که نمیشه در برابرشون موضع خنثی داشت،
aren't heeding that advice
به این توصیه در مورد تعادل
بیطرفی یک قانون طلاییه.
objectivity is the golden rule.
what objectivity means.
معنای بیطرفی چیه.
very young in my career,
خیلی زود و همون اوایل شروع کارم فهمیدم،
یک خشونت تمام عیار بود،
violation, not just of human rights,
بلکه پاکسازیهای قومی و نسلکشی،
cleansing and genocide,
in the highest war crimes court
دادگاههای جنایت جنگی
what we were seeing
شاهدش بودیم به جهان
trying to tell one story.
تلاش برای روایت یک داستان.
was accused of siding with,
متهم شدم به جانبداری از،
who were being attacked
که مورد حمله قرار گرفتن
accused of this.
به چنین چیزی متهم میشم.
that what people wanted
اونچه مردم میخواستن
our democratically elected government's,
دولت منتخب مردمی ما،
of human rights --
حقوق بشری --
that all sides are equally guilty,
هر دو طرف ماجرا به یک اندازه مقصرن،
of ethnic hatred,
با قرنها قدمت بوده،
slaughter and ethnically cleanse
بکشه، قتل عام کنه و قوم مقابل رو
giving all sides an equal hearing
که به همه طرفین دعوا گوش کنی،
برخورد کنی.
or a factual equivalence.
از سر اجبار به وجود بیاری.
that crisis point
این نقطهی بحرانی قرار میگیرین
of international and humanitarian law,
قوانین بینالمللی و بشردوستانه،
what you're seeing,
in the fake news paradigm,
an accomplice to genocide.
these propaganda battles,
همیشه وجود داشتهن،
the stand you took back then.
شجاعت به خرج دادین.
به سمت جعلی شدن پیش میرن.
of the free world,
in the entire world,
of the United States --
country in the whole world,
کشور در تمام دنیاست،
in every which way --
از هر لحاظ --
its values and power around the world.
و قدرتش در تمام دنیاست.
who only seek the truth --
که فقط به دنبال حقیقت هستیم --
looking for the truth
به دنبال حقیقت
in various parts of the world
مختلف دنیا برن،
در مورد مسائلی که اهمیت حیاتی دارن
about things that are vitally important
accusing you of fake news,
که شما رو به جعلی بودن متهم میکنه،
it starts to chip away
شروع میکنه به از بین بردن
و شاید با خودشون فکر میکنن،
and maybe they're thinking,
of the United States says that,
این حرف رو میزنه،
been critical of the media --
منتقد رسانهها بودهن --
looking at the avalanche of information
یک نفر همینطور که داشت به انبوه اطلاعات
فیسبوک و غیره میاومد نگاه میکرد،
and Facebook and so forth,
than they've ever been.
will say what they'll say,
what they will say.
How is there an extra danger?"
چرا این یه خطر اضافی تلقی میشه؟"
upon which we get our information
ما از طریق اونها اطلاعات کسب میکنیم
of truth and transparency
the information superhighway,
شاهراههای اطلاعاتی کردیم،
and all the rest of it,
توییتر و بقیهشون،
into certain lanes and tunnels
و مسیرهای مشخصی قرار بده
on areas of their own interest
که مورد علاقهی خودشونه تمرکز کنن
that with algorithms, with logarithms,
که با الگوریتمها، لگاریتمها
channels of information,
خاص هدایت میکنن،
about this phenomenon.
در مورد این پدیده مطالبی نوشتن.
the internet came,
اینترنت اومد، با این وعده
our access to more democracy,
به شکل فزایندهای بالا ببره،
این موضوع اتفاق افتاد.
is incredibly dangerous.
این مساله بینهایت خطرناکه.
of this country and you say things,
این مملکت هستین و یک چیزهایی میگین،
undemocratic countries the cover
یک پوششی میدین
به ما بیاحترامی کنن،
and their own journalists --
و به روزنامهنگاران خودشون --
is what happened, though,
اونچه که اتفاق افتاده
media that you worked in
because they weren't credible,
به دلیل اینکه صحتشون معلوم نبوده،
for publication and for amplification
برای انتشار و گسترش خبر
excitement, click,
و تعداد کلیکها روی مطالبه،
is that part of what's caused the problem?
این اون قسمتیه که ایجاد مشکل کرده؟
and we saw this in the election of 2016,
و در انتخابات سال ۲۰۱۶ شاهدش بودیم
was very sexy and very attractive,
خیلی اغواکننده و خیلی جذاب بود،
and fake news items
اخبار جعلی و عناوین خبرهای جعلی
and by happenstance being put out there,
in the creation of fake news
in real space and in cyberspace.
و در فضای مجازی قرار گرفته.
to proliferate this stuff
در تکثیر این چیزها
or light, just about --
یا نور، یا همین حدود --
such a massive amount of information
از اطلاعات هم روبهرو نبودیم
leads them to abide by the truth,
سوق میده به سمت وفاداری به حقیقت،
and a code of professional ethics.
و اصول اخلاق حرفهای.
people who work at Facebook
ممکنه کسانی رو بشناسن که در فیسبوک
with good intention --
نیتهای خوب به نظر میان --
of those companies,
این شرکتها حرف بزنین،
incredibly well-intentioned,
an unbelievable, game-changing system,
متحول کننده رو توسعه دادن،
on this thing called Facebook.
به نام فیسبوک به هم متصل هستن.
economy for themselves
to wake up and smell the coffee
از خواب بیدار شین و بوی قهوه رو حس کنین
to us right now."
چه اتفاقی برامون میافته."
a global community.
یک جامعهی جهانی خلق کنه.
community going to look like?
قراره چه شکلی باشه؟
of conduct actually are.
در واقع قراره کجا باشن.
he probably believed this --
احتمالا باورش همینه --
could be tinkering and messing around
ممکنه این مسیر رو دستکاری کنه
in the last few weeks?
a major problem in that regard,
در این زمینه وجود داشته،
and figure it out.
و بفهمن که ماجرا چی بوده.
what they can now
الان از دستشون برمیاد
اخبار جعلی انجام میدن،
for a long, long time.
بی هیچ محدودیتی پیش رفته.
که خواهم گفت، میدونین
journalistic investigation --
روزنامهنگاری باشه --
but somehow, you know --
ولی یه جورایی، میدونین --
as a matter of warfare
به مثابه جنگ
by other means, of hybrid warfare.
ابزارها هستن، جنگ آمیخته.
where they've tried to interfere,
وقتی تلاش کرده بودن مداخله کنن
right now, Emmanuel Macron,
حال حاضر فرانسه،
and confronted it head on,
و مستقیما با موضوع مقابله کرد،
from some of this, isn't there?
of it is also about technology,
که بخش زیادیش به تکنولوژی مربوطه
some kind of moral compass.
قطبنمای اخلاقی داده بشه.
but you know what I mean.
ولی میدونین منظورم چیه.
with a moral compass --
با یک قطبنمای اخلاقی لازم داریم --
moral technology.
تکنولوژی اخلاقمدار.
CA: You know what I mean.
میفهمین منظورم چیه.
with so many people across the world.
زیادی از سرتاسر دنیا صحبت کنی.
بعضی از ما --
I don't know if others feel this --
نمیدونم بقیه هم همین حس رو دارن
what's happened recently,
اتفاقاتی که اخیرا افتاد،
bites the dust."
impressed by, inspired by?
کی برات الهامبخش بوده؟
the world in crisis,
immersed in this crisis --
در این بحرانها غرق بودیم --
of a nervous breakdown.
vacuum of leadership,
از مفهوم رهبری در دنیا وجود داره،
I ask all these --
از همه پرسیدم --
در مورد مفهوم رهبری سوال میکنم.
I ask about leadership.
president of Liberia today,
لیبریا صحبت میکردم،
heads of an African country
کشورهای آفریقایی خواهد بود
after her prescribed term.
از قدرت کنار خواهد رفت.
to do that as a lesson.
که به دیگران درس بده.
مفهوم رهبری پرسیدم،
of certain names,
of the new French president,
when I say his name?"
چی به ذهنتون میرسه؟"
leadership vacuum."
در حال حاضر رو پر کنه."
an interview with him.
It was great. It was yesterday.
عالی بود. دیروز این اتفاق افتاد.
saying that in an open forum,
که این حرف رو در یک جلسه عمومی بزنم،
it was his first interview,
که این اولین مصاحبهش بود،
و میدونین چی شد؟
and you know what?
to-come-back-to-the-point.
برای اینکه برگرده سر موضوع.
renowned for doing,
to answer the question.
به سوال جواب بدن.
I'm the listener.
من شنونده هستم.
nationalism and tribalism here today.
ناسیونالیسم و نظام قبیلهای صحبت کردی.
to confront the prevailing winds
که با تمام این بادهای غالب
nationalism, populism
ناسیونالیسم، پوپولیسم مقابله کنین
در برگزیت افتاد،
in the United States
در خیلی از انتخابات اروپا
in many European elections
on my continent,
just for political expediency,
فقط به خاطر فرصتطلبی سیاسی،
common denominator
عنوان عمومی رو بپذیره
in other political elections.
who is a very dangerous woman.
که زن بسیار خطرناکیه.
که ارزش انتشار دارن.
into the minds of everyone here,
در ذهن همهی کسانی که اینجا هستن بکاری،
where you get your information from;
منبع اطلاعاتیتون باشین
گوش میدین یا تماشا میکنین رو بپذیرین؛
for what you read, listen to and watch;
brands to get your main information,
برای کسب اطلاعات اصلیتون میرین،
a wide, eclectic intake,
یک ورودی وسیع التقاطی دارین،
names that you know,
at this moment right now,
در همین لحظه،
our problems are so severe,
مشکلات ما چنان شدید هستن،
as global citizens
شهروندان جهانی درگیر نباشیم
empirical evidence and facts,
شواهد تجربی و واقعیتها رو میفهمیم،
going to be wandering along
سمت چیزی خواهیم رفت
to Emmanuel Macron
enough love going around.
عشقی که در جریانه کافی نیست.
is the subject of global obsession."
به یک موضوع وسواس جهانی تبدیل شده."
or an elected leader about love.
رهبر منتخبی در مورد عشق نپرسیده بودم.
he actually answered it.
واقعا جواب سوالم رو داد..
she is part of me,
او بخشی از وجود منه،
to have somebody at home
که کسی رو در خونه داشته باشم
همهچیز به حقیقت مربوطه.
It's all about the truth.
Ideas worth spreading.
ایدههای که ارزش انتشار دارن.
so much. That was great.
عالی بود.
CH: That was really lovely.
خیلی خوب بود.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Christiane Amanpour - JournalistTV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing.
Why you should listen
Christiane Amanpour is CNN's chief international correspondent and anchor of the global a airs program "Amanpour," broadcast from the television network's London bureau. She's covered the most relevant conflicts of the last decades, exposing both the brutality and human cost of war and its geopolitical impacts. From the 1991 Gulf War to the siege of Sarajevo (the city later named her honorary citizen), from the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq to the trial of Saddam Hussein the following year, Amanpour's fearless and uncompromising approach has made her popular with audiences, and a force to be reckoned with by global influencers.
During the Balkan wars, Amanpour famously broke with the idea of journalism neutrality by calling out human right abuses and saying that "there are some situations one simply cannot be neutral about, because when you are neutral you are an accomplice." Since her interview show "Amanpour" was launched in 2009, she's spoken to leaders and decision makers on the issues affecting the world today while continuing reporting from all over the world, including the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and the 2011 tsunami in Japan.
Christiane Amanpour | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com