Christiane Amanpour: How to seek truth in the era of fake news
克里斯蒂安·阿曼普: 如何在虚假新闻的时代找寻真相
TV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
great to have you here.
很高兴你今天能来。
that in the last few years,
在过去的几年间,
developments that you're seeing.
听了前几位讲者的演说,
to the earlier speakers,
in what they've been saying:
城市,对我们环境的威胁
cities, the threat to our environment
understanding the truth
of what we're talking about
谈话内容中探究出真相。
of the science on climate
with a handful of deniers,
尤其是去年——
certainly this last year --
in a way that's truly alarming
将虚假新闻的定义清晰化,
to be thrown around.
一些空洞的标语。
between the truth and fake news,
事实和虚假新闻的时候,
difficult time trying to solve
一些我们所面临的重大问题时,
in this question of,
什么是公正,
what is impartiality,
reporting the Balkan Wars 25 years ago.
one simply cannot be neutral about,
无法对其持中立态度,
aren't heeding that advice
没有在留意
我觉得身为记者,客观是黄金法则。
objectivity is the golden rule.
我们不明白客观意味着什么。
what objectivity means.
我就认识到了,
very young in my career,
不仅是人权侵犯,
violation, not just of human rights,
cleansing and genocide,
in the highest war crimes court
我们所看到的,
what we were seeing
去述说一个故事。
trying to tell one story.
was accused of siding with,
who were being attacked
accused of this.
that what people wanted
任何行动——
our democratically elected government's,
我们民主选举出的政府,
of human rights --
和原则的政府——
that all sides are equally guilty,
所有的立场都同等地有罪,
of ethnic hatred,
屠杀和种族清洗
slaughter and ethnically cleanse
给予所有的立场同等的听证机会,
giving all sides an equal hearing
或是一个事实的平等性。
or a factual equivalence.
反对立场,
that crisis point
严重侵犯的立场的时候,
of international and humanitarian law,
what you're seeing,
模式里面的时候,
in the fake news paradigm,
an accomplice to genocide.
these propaganda battles,
站在你选择的立场。
the stand you took back then.
of the free world,
in the entire world,
of the United States --
最有力量的国家,
country in the whole world,
在每一方面——
in every which way --
不断推行它的价值观。
its values and power around the world.
只是寻求真相——
who only seek the truth --
looking for the truth
目击者和聆听者,
in various parts of the world
about things that are vitally important
指责你制造虚假新闻的时候,
accusing you of fake news,
it starts to chip away
也许他们在想,
and maybe they're thinking,
of the United States says that,
been critical of the media --
媒体存在批判的——
looking at the avalanche of information
and Facebook and so forth,
than they've ever been.
will say what they'll say,
what they will say.
为什么这就有了额外的危险?”
How is there an extra danger?"
upon which we get our information
of truth and transparency
the information superhighway,
所有其它这些东西之前,
and all the rest of it,
特定的道路和隧道里面,
into certain lanes and tunnels
他们自己感兴趣的的领域,
on areas of their own interest
按照那种算法,
that with algorithms, with logarithms,
特定的信息渠道,
channels of information,
about this phenomenon.
网络世纪来临,
the internet came,
民主的获取,
our access to more democracy,
is incredibly dangerous.
你在说一些事情的时候,
of this country and you say things,
不民主的国家做掩护,
undemocratic countries the cover
真正打击我们——
and their own journalists --
is what happened, though,
media that you worked in
因为它们不可信,
because they weren't credible,
for publication and for amplification
兴奋,点击。
excitement, click,
那是所引起的问题的一部分吗?
is that part of what's caused the problem?
我们看到了2016年的大选,
and we saw this in the election of 2016,
是非常性感和吸引人的,
was very sexy and very attractive,
and fake news items
而且是偶然地被发布出去,
and by happenstance being put out there,
in the creation of fake news
in real space and in cyberspace.
to proliferate this stuff
or light, just about --
这样庞大的信息量,
such a massive amount of information
leads them to abide by the truth,
和一个职业道德的守则。
and a code of professional ethics.
people who work at Facebook
有着好的意图——
with good intention --
公司的领导者对话,
of those companies,
有着极度良好的意图,
incredibly well-intentioned,
一个令人难以置信的,有突破性的系统,
an unbelievable, game-changing system,
on this thing called Facebook.
economy for themselves
创造了一个巨大的经济体,
to wake up and smell the coffee
to us right now."
一个全球性的社区。
a global community.
将会看起来是什么样子的?
community going to look like?
实际上是在哪里。
of conduct actually are.
他估计相信这个——
he probably believed this --
都可以用这种方式
could be tinkering and messing around
学到了什么?
in the last few weeks?
a major problem in that regard,
and figure it out.
他们现在力所能及的
what they can now
这都是很不严格的。
for a long, long time.
记者性调查的算法——
journalistic investigation --
他们是怎么做的,但你知道——
but somehow, you know --
as a matter of warfare
换句话说,混合战争大师。
by other means, of hybrid warfare.
他们尝试过干涉过,
where they've tried to interfere,
right now, Emmanuel Macron,
埃马纽埃尔·马克龙,
持续与其作战,
and confronted it head on,
from some of this, isn't there?
这也事关科技,
of it is also about technology,
道德上的罗盘。
some kind of moral compass.
但你懂我的意思。
but you know what I mean.
可以过滤垃圾的算法——
with a moral compass --
道德科技。
moral technology.
CA: 你知道我的意思。
CA: You know what I mean.
如此多的人谈话。
with so many people across the world.
其中某些人来说——
我不知道是否其他人也这样认为——
I don't know if others feel this --
那是最近发生的,
what's happened recently,
bites the dust."
你被谁鼓舞?
impressed by, inspired by?
the world in crisis,
沉浸在危机中的人来说——
immersed in this crisis --
of a nervous breakdown.
压力非常大的时期。
领导力的真空,
vacuum of leadership,
我在问这些——
I ask all these --
我和他们谈领导力。
I ask about leadership.
利比里亚总统谈话,
president of Liberia today,
十分罕见的领导者之一,
heads of an African country
after her prescribed term.
to do that as a lesson.
建立一个先例。
of certain names,
of the new French president,
你想到了什么?”
when I say his name?"
leadership vacuum."
an interview with him.
这很棒。是在昨天。
It was great. It was yesterday.
一个公开的论坛里谈论这个,
saying that in an open forum,
这是他的第一个专访,
it was his first interview,
你们知道吗?
and you know what?
回到话题点上来。
to-come-back-to-the-point.
renowned for doing,
to answer the question.
我是聆听者。
I'm the listener.
民族主义和部落主义。
nationalism and tribalism here today.
去面对现在涌行的
to confront the prevailing winds
民族主义,民粹主义的潮势,
nationalism, populism
in the United States
in many European elections
on my continent,
为了政治上的便利,
just for political expediency,
common denominator
in other political elections.
一个很危险的女人对战。
who is a very dangerous woman.
值得广布流传的观念。
植入一个观念,
into the minds of everyone here,
信息,要十分小心谨慎;
where you get your information from;
听到的和看到的,承担起责任来;
for what you read, listen to and watch;
去获取你的主要信息,
brands to get your main information,
不拘一格的抓取信息的方式,
a wide, eclectic intake,
保持连接,
names that you know,
就在此时此刻,
at this moment right now,
我们的问题如此严重,
our problems are so severe,
身份来共同参与,
as global citizens
empirical evidence and facts,
going to be wandering along
埃马纽埃尔·马克龙上,
to Emmanuel Macron
enough love going around.
是一个全球都沉迷其中的话题。”
is the subject of global obsession."
一个被选举的领导人提出关于爱的问题。
or an elected leader about love.
他实际上回答了这个问题。
he actually answered it.
她是我的一部分,
she is part of me,
告诉我真相,
to have somebody at home
It's all about the truth.
都是关于真相的。
Ideas worth spreading.
so much. That was great.
CH: 那真的是很棒的经历。
CH: That was really lovely.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Christiane Amanpour - JournalistTV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing.
Why you should listen
Christiane Amanpour is CNN's chief international correspondent and anchor of the global a airs program "Amanpour," broadcast from the television network's London bureau. She's covered the most relevant conflicts of the last decades, exposing both the brutality and human cost of war and its geopolitical impacts. From the 1991 Gulf War to the siege of Sarajevo (the city later named her honorary citizen), from the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq to the trial of Saddam Hussein the following year, Amanpour's fearless and uncompromising approach has made her popular with audiences, and a force to be reckoned with by global influencers.
During the Balkan wars, Amanpour famously broke with the idea of journalism neutrality by calling out human right abuses and saying that "there are some situations one simply cannot be neutral about, because when you are neutral you are an accomplice." Since her interview show "Amanpour" was launched in 2009, she's spoken to leaders and decision makers on the issues affecting the world today while continuing reporting from all over the world, including the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and the 2011 tsunami in Japan.
Christiane Amanpour | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com