Christiane Amanpour: How to seek truth in the era of fake news
כריסטיאן אמנפור: איך לחפש אמת בעולם של חדשות מזויפות
TV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
נהדר שאת איתנו.
great to have you here.
that in the last few years,
developments that you're seeing.
רק מהקשבה למרצים הקודמים,
to the earlier speakers,
במה שהם אמרו:
in what they've been saying:
הערים, האיומים על הסביבה
cities, the threat to our environment
understanding the truth
בנושאים עליהם אנו מדברים,
of what we're talking about
of the science on climate
בעוצמה כמעט שווה בקומץ מכחישים,
with a handful of deniers,
בוודאי השנה האחרונה --
certainly this last year --
למשהו מטריד ביותר,
in a way that's truly alarming
שמפריחים כלאחר-יד.
to be thrown around.
לבין חדשות מזויפות,
between the truth and fake news,
difficult time trying to solve
in this question of,
מהו אי-משוא פנים,
what is impartiality,
לפני 25 שנה.
reporting the Balkan Wars 25 years ago.
אי-אפשר להישאר נייטרליים,
one simply cannot be neutral about,
אינם נוהגים לפי עצתך זו
aren't heeding that advice
האובייקטיביות היא כלל הזהב.
objectivity is the golden rule.
איננו מבינים מהי אובייקטיביות.
what objectivity means.
בקריירה שלי,
very young in my career,
לא רק של זכויות האדם,
violation, not just of human rights,
ורצח-עם,
cleansing and genocide,
הגבוה ביותר בעולם לפשעי מלחמה.
in the highest war crimes court
על מה שראינו
what we were seeing
את התמונה הכוללת,
סיפור אחד בלבד.
trying to tell one story.
בתמיכה באחד הצדדים,
was accused of siding with,
בידי הנוצרים מהצד הסרבי באזור.
who were being attacked
שמאשימים אותי בזה.
accused of this.
שמה שאנשים רוצים
that what people wanted
שלא נחפש פתרון.
שנבחרה בבחירות דמוקרטיות,
our democratically elected government's,
of human rights --
that all sides are equally guilty,
שכל הצדדים אשמים באותה מידה,
of ethnic hatred,
שזה לא נכון,
לטבוח ולבצע טיהור אתני
slaughter and ethnically cleanse
לשמוע כל צד באופן שווה,
giving all sides an equal hearing
יחס שווה,
או שוויון-ערך עובדתי.
or a factual equivalence.
that crisis point
של החוק הבינלאומי וההומניטרי,
of international and humanitarian law,
את מה שעינייך רואות,
what you're seeing,
של החדשות המזויפות,
in the fake news paradigm,
an accomplice to genocide.
עם רצח-עם.
these propaganda battles,
כדי לנקוט בעמדה שבה נקטת.
the stand you took back then.
of the free world,
in the entire world,
of the United States --
בעולם כולו,
country in the whole world,
פוליטית, בכל בחינה --
in every which way --
its values and power around the world.
את ערכיה ולהעצים את כוחה.
שרק מחפשים את האמת --
who only seek the truth --
ומחפשים את האמת
looking for the truth
של כולם,
למקומות שונים בעולם,
in various parts of the world
בנושאים חשובים וחיוניים
about things that are vitally important
מאשים אותך בהפצת חדשות מזויפות,
accusing you of fake news,
it starts to chip away
ואולי חושבים,
and maybe they're thinking,
אומר ככה,
of the United States says that,
been critical of the media --
על אמצעי התקשורת --
looking at the avalanche of information
מסתכל על מבול המידע
and Facebook and so forth,
בריאות מתמיד.
than they've ever been.
will say what they'll say,
יכול להתבטא,
what they will say.
איך זה מסוכן יותר?"
How is there an extra danger?"
upon which we get our information
שמהן אנו מקבלים את המידע
המון אמת, שקיפות,
of truth and transparency
על "אוטוסטרדת המידע",
the information superhighway,
"טוויטר" וכל היתר,
and all the rest of it,
למסגרות ומנהרות
into certain lanes and tunnels
on areas of their own interest
שמעניינים אותם
שעם האלגוריתמים והלוגריתמים,
that with algorithms, with logarithms,
לערוצי מידע מסוימים,
channels of information,
about this phenomenon.
האינטרנט הופיע,
the internet came,
את גישתנו ליותר דמוקרטיה,
our access to more democracy,
is incredibly dangerous.
ואומר דברים,
of this country and you say things,
לא-דמוקרטיות,
undemocratic countries the cover
והעיתונאים שלהן --
and their own journalists --
is what happened, though,
שעבורו את עובדת
media that you worked in
משום שאינם אמינים,
because they weren't credible,
for publication and for amplification
excitement, click,
is that part of what's caused the problem?
האם זה חלק ממה שיצר את הבעיה?
וראינו את זה בבחירות של 2016,
and we saw this in the election of 2016,
היה מאד סקסי ומושך,
was very sexy and very attractive,
וכתבות מזויפות
and fake news items
and by happenstance being put out there,
של חדשות מזויפות
in the creation of fake news
במרחב הווירטואלי.
in real space and in cyberspace.
להפיץ את החומר הזה
to proliferate this stuff
or light, just about --
עם דבר כזה.
עם כמות מסיבית כזו של מידע
such a massive amount of information
אמונים על האמת
leads them to abide by the truth,
וקוד של אתיקה מקצועית.
and a code of professional ethics.
אנשים שעובדים ב"פייסבוק",
people who work at Facebook
עם כוונות טובות --
with good intention --
עם מנהיגי החברות האלה,
of those companies,
incredibly well-intentioned,
ששינתה את חוקי המשחק,
an unbelievable, game-changing system,
בדבר הזה, "פייסבוק",
on this thing called Facebook.
מערכת כלכלית אדירה
economy for themselves
to wake up and smell the coffee
to us right now."
קהילה גלובלית.
a global community.
איך תיראה הקהילה הגלובלית הזאת?
community going to look like?
מהם כללי ההתנהגות.
of conduct actually are.
הוא ודאי מאמין בכך --
he probably believed this --
מתעסקים עם המדיה הזאת.
could be tinkering and messing around
in the last few weeks?
a major problem in that regard,
ולהבין מה קרה.
and figure it out.
לעשות ככל יכולתם
what they can now
במשך זמן רב מאד.
for a long, long time.
journalistic investigation --
אבל איכשהו --
but somehow, you know --
כשגרה מלחמתית
as a matter of warfare
לחימה משולבת.
by other means, of hybrid warfare.
כשהם ניסו להתערב,
where they've tried to interfere,
right now, Emmanuel Macron,
והתעמת עם זה בגלוי,
and confronted it head on,
איזו תקווה בכל זה, נכון?
from some of this, isn't there?
ששיטו בנו פעם אחת,
כ"א: נקווה.
כל-כך הרבה טכנולוגיה,
of it is also about technology,
איזה מצפן מוסרי.
some kind of moral compass.
אבל אתה מבין אותי.
but you know what I mean.
with a moral compass --
עם מצפן מוסרי --
טכנולוגיה מוסרית!
moral technology.
כ"א: אתה מבין אותי.
CA: You know what I mean.
עם אנשים כה רבים בעולם.
with so many people across the world.
אינני יודע אם אחרים חושבים כך --
I don't know if others feel this --
מה שקרה לאחרונה,
what's happened recently,
bites the dust."
impressed by, inspired by?
שהעולם במשבר,
the world in crisis,
כל חייהם במשבר הזה --
immersed in this crisis --
of a nervous breakdown.
וגם ריק ממשי במנהיגות,
vacuum of leadership,
אני שואלת את כל --
I ask all these --
אני שואלת על מנהיגות.
I ask about leadership.
עם הנשיאה היוצאת של ליבריה,
president of Liberia today,
של מדינה אפריקנית
heads of an African country
עם תום כהונתה.
after her prescribed term.
to do that as a lesson.
לעשות זאת כדי ללמד לקח.
of certain names,
נשיא צרפת החדש,
of the new French president,
כשאני מציינת את שמו?"
when I say his name?"
leadership vacuum."
an interview with him.
היה נהדר. זה היה אתמול.
It was great. It was yesterday.
שאומר זאת בפומבי,
saying that in an open forum,
שזה היה הראיון הראשון שלו,
it was his first interview,
ואתה יודע מה?
and you know what?
"נבזבז חמש דקות עד שנגיע לנקודה."
to-come-back-to-the-point.
לקטוע אותו כל הזמן,
renowned for doing,
to answer the question.
I'm the listener.
כריס: מה הוא אמר?
על לאומנות ושבטיות.
nationalism and tribalism here today.
להתייצב מול הרוחות הנוכחיות
to confront the prevailing winds
nationalism, populism
עם הברקזיט,
in the United States
בבחירות רבות באירופה בתחילת 2017?"
in many European elections
on my continent,
למען רווח פוליטי,
just for political expediency,
common denominator
in other political elections.
אישה מסוכנת מאד.
who is a very dangerous woman.
רעיון אחד במוחות כולנו,
into the minds of everyone here,
בבחירת מקורות המידע שלכם;
where you get your information from;
שומעים ורואים;
for what you read, listen to and watch;
לצריכת המידע העיקרית שלכם,
brands to get your main information,
רחב ואקלקטי,
a wide, eclectic intake,
names that you know,
ממש כרגע,
at this moment right now,
והבעיות שלנו כל-כך חמורים,
our problems are so severe,
כאזרחים גלובליים
as global citizens
הוכחות ועובדות אמפיריות,
empirical evidence and facts,
going to be wandering along
to Emmanuel Macron
enough love going around.
להתעניינות אובססיבית בעולם."
is the subject of global obsession."
מה היא בשבילך?"
or an elected leader about love.
הוא ממש ענה לי!
he actually answered it.
היא חלק ממני,
she is part of me,
to have somebody at home
שיש לי מישהו בבית
It's all about the truth.
הכל עניין של אמת.
רעיונות שראוי להפיץ.
Ideas worth spreading.
תודה רבה לך. זה היה נפלא.
so much. That was great.
כריס: היה ממש נפלא.
CH: That was really lovely.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Christiane Amanpour - JournalistTV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing.
Why you should listen
Christiane Amanpour is CNN's chief international correspondent and anchor of the global a airs program "Amanpour," broadcast from the television network's London bureau. She's covered the most relevant conflicts of the last decades, exposing both the brutality and human cost of war and its geopolitical impacts. From the 1991 Gulf War to the siege of Sarajevo (the city later named her honorary citizen), from the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq to the trial of Saddam Hussein the following year, Amanpour's fearless and uncompromising approach has made her popular with audiences, and a force to be reckoned with by global influencers.
During the Balkan wars, Amanpour famously broke with the idea of journalism neutrality by calling out human right abuses and saying that "there are some situations one simply cannot be neutral about, because when you are neutral you are an accomplice." Since her interview show "Amanpour" was launched in 2009, she's spoken to leaders and decision makers on the issues affecting the world today while continuing reporting from all over the world, including the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and the 2011 tsunami in Japan.
Christiane Amanpour | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com