Christiane Amanpour: How to seek truth in the era of fake news
크리스티안 아만포: 가짜뉴스의 시대에 진실을 추구하는 법
TV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
great to have you here.
와 주셔서 감사합니다.
that in the last few years,
developments that you're seeing.
to the earlier speakers,
연사들의 강연에서,
머릿 속에 그릴 수 있었어요.
in what they've been saying:
cities, the threat to our environment
환경과 삶에 위협이 되는
understanding the truth
진실을 이해하고
of what we're talking about
of the science on climate
with a handful of deniers,
동등하게 경쟁하는 상황이라면,
certainly this last year --
확고하게 가짜뉴스의 개념을
in a way that's truly alarming
매우 우려되는 수준으로
to be thrown around.
between the truth and fake news,
구분할 수 없게 되면,
difficult time trying to solve
in this question of,
what is impartiality,
reporting the Balkan Wars 25 years ago.
최전선에 계셨고요.
이런 말을 남겼어요.
one simply cannot be neutral about,
상황들이 존재한다.
aren't heeding that advice
보도 균형에 관한 이 충고에
objectivity is the golden rule.
객관성은 황금률입니다.
what objectivity means.
제대로 파악하지 못할 때가 있죠.
very young in my career,
발칸 전쟁을 보도했던
violation, not just of human rights,
인종 청소와 집단 학살 등
cleansing and genocide,
in the highest war crimes court
what we were seeing
trying to tell one story.
was accused of siding with,
비난을 샀습니다.
편만 든다는 식이었죠.
who were being attacked
accused of this.
걱정스러웠죠.
that what people wanted
our democratically elected government's,
민주적으로 선출한
of human rights --
that all sides are equally guilty,
발생한 이 분쟁으로
of ethnic hatred,
있다고 거짓말했죠.
slaughter and ethnically cleanse
죽이기로 결심하고
giving all sides an equal hearing
or a factual equivalence.
적용하는 것이 아닙니다.
that crisis point
of international and humanitarian law,
what you're seeing,
in the fake news paradigm,
an accomplice to genocide.
these propaganda battles,
the stand you took back then.
of the free world,
in the entire world,
of the United States --
country in the whole world,
정치, 모든 면에서
in every which way --
영향력 있는 인물입니다.
its values and power around the world.
who only seek the truth --
looking for the truth
in various parts of the world
about things that are vitally important
accusing you of fake news,
가짜 뉴스로 규탄한다면,
it starts to chip away
아마 이런 생각을 하겠죠.
and maybe they're thinking,
of the United States says that,
been critical of the media --
미디어에 비판적이었죠.
looking at the avalanche of information
통해 쏟아지는
and Facebook and so forth,
than they've ever been.
훨씬 건강해졌어.
will say what they'll say,
what they will say.
하고 싶은 말을 할 수 있잖아.
How is there an extra danger?"
무슨 더 큰 위험이 있다는 것일까?"
진실이면 좋겠습니다.
upon which we get our information
of truth and transparency
확산을 의미하면 좋겠죠.
(Luddite: 신기술반대주의자)
the information superhighway,
초고속 정보통신망에 대해
오래 전인데요.
and all the rest of it,
into certain lanes and tunnels
on areas of their own interest
집중하게 만들까봐요.
that with algorithms, with logarithms,
알고리즘, 로가리즘과 같은
channels of information,
유인한다고 믿어요.
about this phenomenon.
the internet came,
our access to more democracy,
증가할 것으로 생각했다.
is incredibly dangerous.
인터넷은 매우 위험합니다.
of this country and you say things,
undemocratic countries the cover
보장을 줍니다.
and their own journalists --
큰 타격을 입게되죠.
is what happened, though,
맞는 말입니다만,
볼 수 있는데요.
media that you worked in
because they weren't credible,
for publication and for amplification
excitement, click,
is that part of what's caused the problem?
and we saw this in the election of 2016,
2016 대선에서 경험했죠.
was very sexy and very attractive,
아이디어로 비쳤어요.
and fake news items
가짜기사 역시
and by happenstance being put out there,
in the creation of fake news
가짜뉴스가 생성되었어요.
in real space and in cyberspace.
to proliferate this stuff
or light, just about --
없었다는데 있어요.
such a massive amount of information
직면한 적도 없었습니다.
진실에 근거하지 않은,
leads them to abide by the truth,
and a code of professional ethics.
결여된 정보들입니다.
people who work at Facebook
직원이 있을 수 있어요.
with good intention --
of those companies,
incredibly well-intentioned,
가졌다고 확신해요.
an unbelievable, game-changing system,
시스템을 개발했어요.
on this thing called Facebook.
economy for themselves
to wake up and smell the coffee
상황을 직시해요.
to us right now."
a global community.
만들고 싶어합니다.
community going to look like?
어떤 모습일지 궁금합니다.
of conduct actually are.
어디에 있는지 알고 싶어요.
he probably believed this --
마음대로 장난치는건
could be tinkering and messing around
in the last few weeks?
무엇인가요?
a major problem in that regard,
and figure it out.
what they can now
for a long, long time.
journalistic investigation --
포함된 알고리즘이요?
but somehow, you know --
모르겠지만요.
as a matter of warfare
by other means, of hybrid warfare.
하이브리드 전투의 전문가입니다.
where they've tried to interfere,
right now, Emmanuel Macron,
and confronted it head on,
from some of this, isn't there?
희망을 확인할 수 있나요?
of it is also about technology,
some kind of moral compass.
but you know what I mean.
with a moral compass --
여과 알고리즘이 필요한 거네요.
moral technology.
도덕적 기술로 하죠.
CA: You know what I mean.
크리스티안: 그렇죠.
with so many people across the world.
만날 기회가 많으시잖아요.
I don't know if others feel this --
개인적으로는
많은 이들에게 실망감을 남깁니다.
what's happened recently,
bites the dust."
impressed by, inspired by?
the world in crisis,
말씀하신다면
immersed in this crisis --
of a nervous breakdown.
vacuum of leadership,
리더십의 공백이 있습니다.
I ask all these --
모든 인터뷰이에게
I ask about leadership.
같은 답을 해요.
president of Liberia today,
대화를 했어요.
heads of an African country
after her prescribed term.
to do that as a lesson.
of certain names,
of the new French president,
제가 물었죠.
when I say his name?"
leadership vacuum."
an interview with him.
훌륭했어요. 바로 어제요.
It was great. It was yesterday.
말해도 되는지 모르겠지만,
saying that in an open forum,
it was his first interview,
and you know what?
to-come-back-to-the-point.
돌아가지도 않았어요.
renowned for doing,
to answer the question.
I'm the listener.
전 듣는 역할이니깐요.
nationalism and tribalism here today.
신(新)부족주의를 논의하셨죠.
"반세계화, 민족주의,포퓰리즘에
to confront the prevailing winds
nationalism, populism
in the United States
in many European elections
on my continent,
just for political expediency,
common denominator
in other political elections.
who is a very dangerous woman.
마린 르 펜에 반대하였어요.
아이디어를 말해주세요.
into the minds of everyone here,
모두의 마음에 심어주고 싶다면,
where you get your information from;
말씀드리고 싶어요.
for what you read, listen to and watch;
책임감을 가져야해요.
brands to get your main information,
브랜드에서 얻으세요.
a wide, eclectic intake,
접한다고 해도,
names that you know,
at this moment right now,
오늘날의 세계는
our problems are so severe,
겪고 있습니다.
as global citizens
진실을 추구하고
empirical evidence and facts,
going to be wandering along
to Emmanuel Macron
enough love going around.
is the subject of global obsession."
전세계가 집착하고 있어요"
or an elected leader about love.
대해 물어본 적 없었어요.
he actually answered it.
정말요.
she is part of me,
아내는 저의 일부입니다.
to have somebody at home
저에게 진실을 말해줄
저에게 매우 중요합니다."
It's all about the truth.
진실이 관건입니다.
아이디어는 진실과 사랑이네요.
Ideas worth spreading.
훌륭했어요.
so much. That was great.
CH: That was really lovely.
CH: 좋은 시간이었어요.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Christiane Amanpour - JournalistTV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing.
Why you should listen
Christiane Amanpour is CNN's chief international correspondent and anchor of the global a airs program "Amanpour," broadcast from the television network's London bureau. She's covered the most relevant conflicts of the last decades, exposing both the brutality and human cost of war and its geopolitical impacts. From the 1991 Gulf War to the siege of Sarajevo (the city later named her honorary citizen), from the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq to the trial of Saddam Hussein the following year, Amanpour's fearless and uncompromising approach has made her popular with audiences, and a force to be reckoned with by global influencers.
During the Balkan wars, Amanpour famously broke with the idea of journalism neutrality by calling out human right abuses and saying that "there are some situations one simply cannot be neutral about, because when you are neutral you are an accomplice." Since her interview show "Amanpour" was launched in 2009, she's spoken to leaders and decision makers on the issues affecting the world today while continuing reporting from all over the world, including the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and the 2011 tsunami in Japan.
Christiane Amanpour | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com