Christiane Amanpour: How to seek truth in the era of fake news
克莉絲蒂安艾曼普: 在假新聞的時代,要如何尋求真相?
TV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
great to have you here.
很高興你今天能來。
that in the last few years,
developments that you're seeing.
to the earlier speakers,
聽了前幾位講者的演說,
in what they've been saying:
cities, the threat to our environment
對我們的環境
understanding the truth
of what we're talking about
談論的議題去探究真相,
of the science on climate
with a handful of deniers,
幾乎平頭式地競爭,
certainly this last year --
特別是最近這一年,
in a way that's truly alarming
很讓人擔憂的方式給具體化了,
to be thrown around.
between the truth and fake news,
真相和假新聞的差別時,
difficult time trying to solve
in this question of,
什麼是公正這些問題,
what is impartiality,
reporting the Balkan Wars 25 years ago.
戰爭的前線做報導。
one simply cannot be neutral about,
就是無法中立去看待,
aren't heeding that advice
objectivity is the golden rule.
客觀是黃金法則。
what objectivity means.
並不了解客觀的意義。
very young in my career,
violation, not just of human rights,
cleansing and genocide,
in the highest war crimes court
what we were seeing
trying to tell one story.
was accused of siding with,
who were being attacked
accused of this.
that what people wanted
our democratically elected government's,
of human rights --
that all sides are equally guilty,
of ethnic hatred,
slaughter and ethnically cleanse
giving all sides an equal hearing
or a factual equivalence.
that crisis point
of international and humanitarian law,
what you're seeing,
in the fake news paradigm,
an accomplice to genocide.
these propaganda battles,
the stand you took back then.
of the free world,
in the entire world,
of the United States --
country in the whole world,
最有權勢的國家,
in every which way --
每個面向都是──
its values and power around the world.
提升價值和權勢。
who only seek the truth --
looking for the truth
世界各地的人的眼睛和耳朵,
in various parts of the world
about things that are vitally important
每個人的健康與安全。
accusing you of fake news,
it starts to chip away
and maybe they're thinking,
of the United States says that,
been critical of the media --
looking at the avalanche of information
and Facebook and so forth,
及 Facebook 等地湧入,
than they've ever been.
will say what they'll say,
what they will say.
How is there an extra danger?"
會存在額外的危險呢?」
upon which we get our information
of truth and transparency
(註:反對技術革新的人)
the information superhighway,
and all the rest of it,
這類平台之前,
into certain lanes and tunnels
on areas of their own interest
that with algorithms, with logarithms,
channels of information,
about this phenomenon.
the internet came,
our access to more democracy,
is incredibly dangerous.
of this country and you say things,
undemocratic countries the cover
其他不民主國家的領袖,
and their own journalists --
is what happened, though,
media that you worked in
because they weren't credible,
for publication and for amplification
excitement, click,
刺激、點閱數,
is that part of what's caused the problem?
2016 年的大選已看到這現象,
and we saw this in the election of 2016,
was very sexy and very attractive,
非常有吸引力的,
and fake news items
及一則則假新聞
and by happenstance being put out there,
in the creation of fake news
in real space and in cyberspace.
to proliferate this stuff
將這類東西擴散出去,
or light, just about --
such a massive amount of information
leads them to abide by the truth,
and a code of professional ethics.
與行為準則的那些人
people who work at Facebook
在 Facebook、Twitter、
with good intention --
of those companies,
incredibly well-intentioned,
an unbelievable, game-changing system,
並且改變遊戲規則的系統,
on this thing called Facebook.
Facebook 的東西上彼此連結。
economy for themselves
to wake up and smell the coffee
聞一聞咖啡、看看現在
to us right now."
a global community.
community going to look like?
看起來會是什麼樣子?
of conduct actually are.
he probably believed this --
could be tinkering and messing around
in the last few weeks?
a major problem in that regard,
and figure it out.
what they can now
for a long, long time.
journalistic investigation --
新聞調查的演算法──
but somehow, you know --
怎麼做,但總要以某種方式
as a matter of warfare
把假新聞當作戰爭手段的那些人
by other means, of hybrid warfare.
製造戰爭的大師,是混合戰的大師。
where they've tried to interfere,
right now, Emmanuel Macron,
and confronted it head on,
(註:德國總理)
from some of this, isn't there?
of it is also about technology,
有很大一部份和科技相關,
some kind of moral compass.
but you know what I mean.
但你們明白我的意思。
with a moral compass --
過濾狗屁的演算法。
moral technology.
CA: You know what I mean.
克莉絲蒂安:你懂我的意思。
with so many people across the world.
I don't know if others feel this --
不知道其他人是否有同感──
what's happened recently,
bites the dust."
impressed by, inspired by?
the world in crisis,
世界正處在危機當中,
immersed in this crisis --
of a nervous breakdown.
vacuum of leadership,
實際上也是如此,
I ask all these --
I ask about leadership.
president of Liberia today,
即將離職的總統談話,
heads of an African country
after her prescribed term.
to do that as a lesson.
of certain names,
of the new French president,
when I say his name?"
leadership vacuum."
an interview with him.
It was great. It was yesterday.
很順利。那是昨天的事。
saying that in an open forum,
公開的論壇中這樣說,
it was his first interview,
and you know what?
to-come-back-to-the-point.
renowned for doing,
to answer the question.
I'm the listener.
nationalism and tribalism here today.
民族主義和對部族的忠誠。
to confront the prevailing winds
nationalism, populism
民粹主義的主流趨勢,特別是
in the United States
in many European elections
on my continent,
just for political expediency,
common denominator
in other political elections.
擁抱最小共同點。
who is a very dangerous woman.
瑪琳勒朋是個很危險的女人。
into the minds of everyone here,
腦中植入一個想法,
where you get your information from;
要非常留意你的資訊來自何處;
for what you read, listen to and watch;
看到的資訊主動負責;
brands to get your main information,
可信任的品牌那兒取得的,
a wide, eclectic intake,
有多麼廣泛或是多麼多樣化,
names that you know,
at this moment right now,
our problems are so severe,
我們的問題,都非常嚴重,
as global citizens
全球市民的身份來參與,
empirical evidence and facts,
going to be wandering along
to Emmanuel Macron
enough love going around.
is the subject of global obsession."
是全球都很迷戀的目標。」
or an elected leader about love.
跟我談論愛這議題,
he actually answered it.
他真的回答了。
she is part of me,
她是我的一部份,
to have somebody at home
有個人能告訴我真相
It's all about the truth.
重點就是真相。
Ideas worth spreading.
值得散播的想法。
so much. That was great.
非常謝謝你。很棒的訪談。
CH: That was really lovely.
克里斯:訪談非常愉快。
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Christiane Amanpour - JournalistTV news legend Christiane Amanpour is known for her uncompromising approach to reporting and interviewing.
Why you should listen
Christiane Amanpour is CNN's chief international correspondent and anchor of the global a airs program "Amanpour," broadcast from the television network's London bureau. She's covered the most relevant conflicts of the last decades, exposing both the brutality and human cost of war and its geopolitical impacts. From the 1991 Gulf War to the siege of Sarajevo (the city later named her honorary citizen), from the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq to the trial of Saddam Hussein the following year, Amanpour's fearless and uncompromising approach has made her popular with audiences, and a force to be reckoned with by global influencers.
During the Balkan wars, Amanpour famously broke with the idea of journalism neutrality by calling out human right abuses and saying that "there are some situations one simply cannot be neutral about, because when you are neutral you are an accomplice." Since her interview show "Amanpour" was launched in 2009, she's spoken to leaders and decision makers on the issues affecting the world today while continuing reporting from all over the world, including the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and the 2011 tsunami in Japan.
Christiane Amanpour | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com