TEDGlobal 2009
William Kamkwamba: How I harnessed the wind
ویلیام کامکوامبا: چطور باد را به استفادهٔ خود در آوردم
Filmed:
Readability: 2.8
2,717,871 views
در سن چهارده (۱۴) سالگی، درفقر و خشكسالي، یک پسر مالاوی اسياب باديی برای رساندن برق به خانهٔ خانواده‌اش ساخت. حالا در سن بیست دو (۲۲) سالگی، برای دوّمین دفعه ویلیام کامکوامبا سخنگوی TED (تد) است. در این صحبت هيجاني، با حرفهای خودش، داستان اپتکارش که زندگیش را تغییر داد می‌‌گوید.
William Kamkwamba - Inventor
To power his family's home, young William Kamkwamba built an electricity-producing windmill from spare parts and scrap -- starting him on a journey detailed in the book and film "The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind." Full bio
To power his family's home, young William Kamkwamba built an electricity-producing windmill from spare parts and scrap -- starting him on a journey detailed in the book and film "The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Thank you.
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مرسی
00:15
Two years ago, I stood on the TED stage in Arusha, Tanzania.
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دو سال پیش من روی صحنهٔ TED (تد) در آروشا، تانزانیا ایستادم.
00:19
I spoke very briefly about one of my proudest creations.
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من حرف کوتایی راجبع به یکی از افتخارآمیزترین ابتکاراتم زدم
00:24
It was a simple machine that changed my life.
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ماشین ساده ای که زندگیم را عوض کرد.
00:28
Before that time,
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قبل از آن زمان
00:30
I had never been away from my home
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هرگز دور از خانه‌ام
00:33
in Malawi.
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در مالاوی نبودام
00:36
I had never used a computer.
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هرگز کامپیوتر استفاده نکرده بودم
00:38
I had never seen an Internet.
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هرگز اینترنت ندیده بودم
00:42
On the stage that day, I was so nervous.
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آن روز در روی صحنه، من خیلی دستپاچه بودم.
00:47
My English lost,
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اینگلیسییم گم،
00:51
I wanted to vomit.
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می خواستم بالا بیارم.
00:53
(Laughter)
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(خنده)
00:57
I had never been surrounded by so many azungu,
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هرگز با آنقدر ازونگو احاطه نشده بودم
01:01
white people.
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سفید پوست (ازونگو).
01:03
(Laughter)
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(خنده)
01:06
There was a story I wouldn't tell you then.
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آن موقع داستانی بود که نمیخواستم براتون بگم.
01:09
But well, I'm feeling good right now.
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ولی، الان خوشحالم.
01:12
I would like to share that story today.
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میخواهم آن داستان را حالا بهتون بگم.
01:15
We have seven children in my family.
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در خانوادهٔ من، هفتا بچه بودم.
01:17
All sisters, excepting me.
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همه اشون خواهر، بجز من.
01:21
This is me with my dad when I was a little boy.
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این من و پدرم هستیم وقتیکه من پسر کوچکی بودم.
01:26
Before I discovered the wonders of science,
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قبل از این که من حیرت علم را کشف بکنم
01:29
I was just a simple farmer
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من فقط یک کشاورز ساده ای بودم
01:31
in a country of poor farmers.
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در کشور کشاورز‌های فقیر.
01:34
Like everyone else, we grew maize.
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مثل دیگران، زرت زراعت می‌‌کردیم.
01:38
One year our fortune turned very bad.
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یک سال طالع ما دگرگون شد
01:43
In 2001 we experienced an awful famine.
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در سال دو هزار و یک (۲۰۰۱/۱۳۸۰) ما قحطي وحشتناكی تجربه کردیم
01:48
Within five months all Malawians began to starve to death.
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در پنج ماه همهٔ مالاوها از گرسنگي میمردن
01:55
My family ate one meal per day, at night.
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خانوادهٔ من فقط روزی یک وعده غذا در شب می‌‌خوردیم
01:59
Only three swallows of nsima for each one of us.
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فقط سه لقمه نسیما برای هر کودممان.
02:03
The food passes through our bodies.
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غذا از بدنمون رد می‌‌شد.
02:05
We drop down to nothing.
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وزن ما تقریباً به هیچ رسید.
02:09
In Malawi, the secondary school,
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در مالاوی، برای رفتن به مدرسه راهنمایی
02:12
you have to pay school fees.
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باید شهریه بدیم.
02:14
Because of the hunger, I was forced to drop out of school.
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بخاطر گرسنگی، مجبور شدم مدرسه را ترک کنم.
02:20
I looked at my father
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به پدرم نگاه کردم،
02:22
and looked at those dry fields.
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و به مزرعهٔ خشک نگاه کردم.
02:24
It was the future I couldn't accept.
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این آینده یی بود که نمیتوانستم قبول بکنم
02:28
I felt very happy to be at the secondary school,
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در مدرسه راهنمایی خیلی خوشحال بودم
02:32
so I was determined to do anything possible
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مصمم بودم که هر جور شده
02:37
to receive education.
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دانش بگیرم.
02:39
So I went to a library.
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من به کتابخانه رفتم.
02:41
I read books, science books, especially physics.
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کتاب خوندم، کتابهای علمی، مخصوصا فیزیک.
02:45
I couldn't read English that well.
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من اینگلیسی خوب نمیخوندم.
02:47
I used diagrams and pictures
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من از شکلهای هندسي و عکسها استفاده می‌‌کردم
02:50
to learn the words around them.
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که کلمات دورشان را یاد بگیرم
02:55
Another book put that knowledge in my hands.
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یک کتاب دیگر آن دانش را گذاشت در دست من.
02:59
It said a windmill could pump water and generate electricity.
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می‌‌گفت که آسیاب باد می‌‌تواند هم آب بکشد و برق ایجاد کند.
03:05
Pump water meant irrigation,
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آب کشیدن به معنای آبیاری.
03:08
a defense against hunger,
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جلوگيري از گرسنگی،
03:10
which we were experiencing by that time.
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که در آن موقع ما تجربه می‌‌کردیم.
03:14
So I decided I would build one windmill for myself.
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خوب من تصمیم گرفتم که یک آسیاب بادی برای خودم بسازم.
03:18
But I didn't have materials to use,
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ولی مصالح نداشتم که استفاده بکنم.
03:21
so I went to a scrap yard
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رفتم محله اوراق
03:23
where I found my materials.
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جائی که مصالح را پیدا کردم.
03:26
Many people, including my mother,
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خیلی مردم، مادرم هم همینطور،
03:30
said I was crazy.
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میگفتن من دیوانه هستم.
03:32
(Laughter)
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(خنده)
03:34
I found a tractor fan,
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پنکه تراکتور پیدا کردم
03:36
shock absorber, PVC pipes.
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كمك فنر لولهای پ و س (PVC)
03:38
Using a bicycle frame
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استفاده از بدنه دو چرخه
03:41
and an old bicycle dynamo,
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و دینام کهنه دوچرخه،
03:45
I built my machine.
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ماشینم را ساختم.
03:47
It was one light at first.
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اول یک لامپ.
03:50
And then four lights,
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و بعد چهار (۴) لامپ،
03:53
with switches, and even a circuit breaker,
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با سوئیچ، و حتّی با جعبه سوئیچ،
03:58
modeled after an electric bell.
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از روی مدل زنگ برقی ساختم.
04:02
Another machine pumps water
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ماشین دیگر آب میکشه
04:06
for irrigation.
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برای آبیاری.
04:09
Queues of people start lining up at my house
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مردم شروع کردن صف بستن دم خانهٔ من
04:12
(Laughter)
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(خنده)
04:14
to charge their mobile phone.
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که تلفن دستیشان را شارژ بکنن.
04:16
(Applause)
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(دست زدن)
04:20
I could not get rid of them.
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از شرشون نمیتونستم خلاص بشم.
04:22
(Laughter)
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(خنده)
04:24
And the reporters came too,
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خبرنگارها هم آمدن،
04:27
which lead to bloggers
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که هدایت شد به طرف بلگگرز
04:29
and which lead to a call from something called TED.
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که آن هدایت شد به تلفنی از طرف یک چیزی به نام TED (تد).
04:34
I had never seen an airplane before.
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قبلاً، هرگز هواپیما ندیده بودم.
04:36
I had never slept in a hotel.
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هرگز در هتل نخوابیده بودم
04:39
So, on stage that day in Arusha,
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آن روز روی صحنه در آروشا
04:43
my English lost,
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اینگلیسییم گم،
04:46
I said something like,
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یه چیزی گفتم مثل،
04:49
"I tried. And I made it."
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"سعی کردم. و ساختم."
04:53
So I would like to say something
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حالا میخواهم یک چیزی بگم
04:55
to all the people out there like me
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به همهٔ آنها مثل من،
04:58
to the Africans, and the poor
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به افریقأیها، و فقیرها،
05:01
who are struggling with your dreams.
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که دارین با امید تان دست و پا می‌‌زنید،
05:05
God bless.
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خدا بركت
05:07
Maybe one day you will watch this on the Internet.
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شاید یک روزی شما این را روی اینترنت ببینید.
05:11
I say to you, trust yourself and believe.
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من به شما می‌‌گویم، به خود اطمينان داشته باشید و به خود باور کنید.
05:16
Whatever happens, don't give up.
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هرچی شد هیچ وقت امید تان از دست ندهید.
05:18
Thank you.
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مرسی
05:20
(Applause)
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(دست زدن)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
William Kamkwamba - InventorTo power his family's home, young William Kamkwamba built an electricity-producing windmill from spare parts and scrap -- starting him on a journey detailed in the book and film "The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind."
Why you should listen
William Kamkwamba, from Malawi, is a born inventor. When he was 14, he built an electricity-producing windmill from spare parts and scrap, working from rough plans he found in a library book called Using Energy and modifying them to fit his needs. The windmill he built powers four lights and two radios in his family home.
After reading about Kamkwamba on Mike McKay's blog Hactivate (which picked up the story from a local Malawi newspaper), TEDGlobal Conference Director Emeka Okafor spent several weeks tracking him down at his home in Masitala Village, Wimbe, and invited him to attend TEDGlobal on a fellowship. Onstage, Kamkwamba talked about his invention and shared his dreams: to build a larger windmill to help with irrigation for his entire village, and to go back to school.
Following Kamkwamba's moving talk, there was an outpouring of support for him and his promising work. Members of the TED community got together to help him improve his power system (by incorporating solar energy), and further his education through school and mentorships. Subsequent projects have included clean water, malaria prevention, solar power and lighting for the six homes in his family compound; a deep-water well with a solar-powered pump for clean water; and a drip irrigation system. Kamkwamba himself returned to school, and is now attending the African Leadership Academy, a new pan-African prep school outside Johannesburg, South Africa.
Kamkwamba's story is documented in his autobiography, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind: Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope. A documentary about Kamkwamba, called William and the Windmill, won the Documentary Feature Grand Jury award at SXSW in 2013 (watch a trailer ). You can support his work and other young inventors at MovingWindmills.org.
William Kamkwamba | Speaker | TED.com