Matt Walker: Sleep is your superpower
מאט ווקר: שינה היא הכוח הסודי שלך
Matt Walker is a brain scientist trying to understand why we sleep. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
to start with testicles.
than those who sleep seven hours or more.
מאלה הישנים שבע שעות ויותר.
just four to five hours a night
רק ארבע או חמש שעות בלילה
10 years their senior.
will age a man by a decade
aspect of wellness.
in female reproductive health
בבריאות הרבייה של נשים
that I have for you today.
שיש לי עבורכם היום.
about the wonderfully good things
that happen when you don't get enough,
כשאתם לא ישנים מספיק,
over the past 10 or so years
עשר השנים האחרונות ויותר
on those new memories
עבור אותם זיכרונות חדשים
that you also need sleep before learning
זקוקים לשינה לפני הלמידה
new information.
the memory circuits of the brain
waterlogged, as it were,
to test the hypothesis
was a good idea.
to one of two experimental groups:
and a sleep deprivation group.
a full eight hours of slumber,
במשך שמונה שעות מלאות,
we're going to keep them awake
so it's miserable for everyone involved.
אז המצב הוא עגום עבור כל המשתתפים.
inside an MRI scanner
בתוך סורק MRI
try and learn a whole list of new facts
רשימה של עובדות חדשות
of brain activity.
that learning has been.
here on the vertical axis.
those two groups head to head,
זו מול זו,
40-percent deficit
ירידה של 40 אחוז
to make new memories without sleep.
ללא שינה.
is happening to sleep
in a child acing an exam
what goes wrong within your brain
of learning disabilities.
of your brain, called the hippocampus.
שנקרא ההיפוקמפוס.
inbox of your brain.
new memory files
a full night of sleep,
learning-related activity.
who were sleep-deprived,
any significant signal whatsoever.
had shut down your memory inbox,
תיבת הדואר הנכנס של הזיכרון שלכם,
they were just being bounced.
הם פשוט נחסמו.
commit new experiences to memory.
חוויות חדשות בזיכרון.
if I were to take sleep away from you,
אם הייתי מונע מכם שינה,
to that control group for a second.
קבוצת הביקורת לשניה.
that got a full eight hours of sleep?
שמונה שעות מלאות של שינה?
a very different question:
quality of your sleep
your memory and learning ability
יכולת הזיכרון והלמידה שלכם
all over the head,
is that there are big, powerful brainwaves
the very deepest stages of sleep
of electrical activity
of these deep-sleep brainwaves
גלי מוח של שינה עמוקה
mechanism at night,
vulnerable reservoir
storage site within the brain,
making them safe.
these memory benefits,
את יתרונות הזיכרון האלה,
and societal implications.
רפואיות וחברתיות אמיתיות.
out into, clinically,
and dementia.
that, as we get older,
begin to fade and decline.
מתחילים לדעוך ולרדת.
is that your sleep gets worse,
שהשינה שלכם מתמעטת,
that I was just discussing.
שכרגע דיברתי עליה.
we finally published evidence
they're not simply co-occurring,
לא רק מתרחשים בו זמנית,
that the disruption of deep sleep
to cognitive decline or memory decline
או לירידת הזיכרון
we've discovered,
depressing news.
silver lining here.
that we know are associated with aging,
שאנחנו יודעים שקשורים בהזדקנות,
in the physical structure of the brain,
in the explanatory puzzle
to do something about it.
approaching this at my sleep center
במרכז השינה שלי
sleeping pills, by the way.
that do not produce naturalistic sleep.
שלא מפיקים שינה טבעית.
a method based on this.
שיטה המבוססת על כל זה.
brain stimulation.
of voltage into the brain,
during sleep in young, healthy adults,
אצל מבוגרים צעירים ובריאים
with those deep-sleep brainwaves,
של גלי המוח של השינה העמוקה,
the size of those deep-sleep brainwaves,
של גלי המוח של השינה העמוקה,
double the amount of memory benefit
את כמות היתרונות לזיכרון
is whether we can translate
potentially portable piece of technology
some healthy quality of deep sleep,
מהאיכות הבריאה של השינה העמוקה,
aspects of their learning
goals, as it were.
of sleep for your brain,
as essential for your body.
and your reproductive system.
and your cardiovascular system,
ומערכת הלב וכלי הדם שלכם,
performed on 1.6 billion people
על 1.6 מיליארד בני אדם
when we lose one hour of sleep,
in heart attacks that following day.
בהתקפי לב ביום שלמחרת.
when we gain an hour of sleep,
reduction in heart attacks.
for car crashes, road traffic accidents,
התרסקות מכוניות,
I want to focus on this:
אני רוצה להתמקד בזה:
blue elements in the image.
הכחולים החמודים שבתמונה.
almost like the secret service agents
כמעט כמו הסוכנים החשאיים
dangerous, unwanted elements
מסוכנים ולא רצויים
is destroying a cancerous tumor mass.
שהם הורסים גוש סרטני.
is a virile set of these immune assassins
מתנקשים חיסוניים מיומנים
if you're not sleeping enough.
אם אתם לא ישנים מספיק.
deprived for an entire night,
restricted to four hours
לארבע שעות שינה
what's the percent reduction
in natural killer cell activity.
התאים הרוצחים מלידה.
of immune deficiency,
why we're now finding
short sleep duration
of numerous forms of cancer.
מספר רב של סוגי סרטן.
cancer of the bowel,
and cancer of the breast.
and cancer is now so strong
וסרטן הוא כל כך חזק
of nighttime shift work
of your sleep-wake rhythms.
across millions of individuals.
שנערכו על מליוני בני אדם.
the shorter your life.
for the development of cancer
that a lack of sleep will even erode
they took a group of healthy adults
של מבוגרים בריאים
to six hours of sleep a night
in their gene activity profile
הפעילות הגנטית שלהם
of sleep a night.
was that about half of those genes
by a lack of sleep
with your immune system,
that immune deficiency.
את החוסר החיסוני הזה.
that were actually upregulated
with the promotion of tumors,
chronic inflammation within the body,
לטווח ארוך בתוך הגוף,
cardiovascular disease.
of sleep deprivation
water pipe in your home.
into every nook and cranny
the very DNA nucleic alphabet
your daily health narrative.
how do I start to get better sleep?
איך אני מתחיל לישון טוב יותר?
the damaging and harmful impact
המזיקות וההרסניות
with sleep at night,
wake up at the same time,
it's the weekday or the weekend.
and the quality of that sleep.
its core temperature
Fahrenheit to initiate sleep
כדי להתחיל לישון
you will always find it easier
of around 65 degrees,
בסביבות 65 מעלות,
for the sleep of most people.
in taking a step back, then,
statement here?
is not an optional lifestyle luxury.
חיי מותרות אופציונלי.
biological necessity.
best effort yet at immortality.
של הטבע להשגת חיי נצח.
throughout industrialized nations
on our health, our wellness,
על הבריאות שלנו,
of our children.
public health challenges
מהאתגרים הגדולים ביותר של הבריאות הציבורית
to reclaim our right
לתבוע מחדש את זכותנו
with the most powerful elixir of life,
עם שיקוי החיים העוצמתי ביותר,
of health, as it were.
Stay there for a second.
תישאר שם שניה.
I appreciate that.
אני מעריך את זה.
DB: Yes, thank you, thank you.
ד"ב: כן, תודה רבה, תודה רבה.
what are we supposed to do?
מה אנחנו צריכים לעשות?
tossing and turning in bed late at night
מתהפכים במיטה מאוחר בכל לילה
we can't catch up on sleep.
אנחנו לא יכולים לאגור שינה.
at a later point in time.
that it's so catastrophic
שזה כל כך קטסטרופלי
deteriorates so quickly,
are the only species
themselves of sleep
because it means that Mother Nature,
שהמשמעות שלה היא שהטבע,
of this thing called sleep deprivation.
של הדבר הזה שנקרא חוסר שינה.
both within the brain and the body.
הן בתוך המוח והן בגוף.
awake for too long,
and go to a different room
will very quickly associate your bedroom
יקשר בין חדר השינה שלך
the association that you once had,
waiting to get hungry,
ותחכה להרגיש רעב,
waiting to get sleepy?
Thank you very much.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matt Walker - Sleep scientist, professor, authorMatt Walker is a brain scientist trying to understand why we sleep.
Why you should listen
Matt Walker's research examines the impact of sleep on human health and disease. He got his PhD from the Medical Research Council in London, UK, and subsequently became a Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. He's currently a Professor of Neuroscience and Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, and Director of the Center for Human Sleep Science.
Walker has received funding awards from the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health, and he's a Kavli Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences. He has shared his research on the importance of sleep on television and radio outlets including CBS's "60 Minutes," National Geographic, NOVA Science, NRP and the BBC. He is the author of the international bestseller Why We Sleep.
Matt Walker | Speaker | TED.com