TED2011
Nina Tandon: Caring for engineered tissue
Nina Tandon: Briga o proizvedenom tkivu
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Inžinjer tkiva i TED kolegica Nina Tandon uzgaja umjetna srca i kosti. Kako bi to radila, potrebni su joj novi načini brige o umjetno uzgojenim stanicama -- tehnike koje je razvila pomoću jednostavne ali moćne metode kopiranja njihovih prirodnih okruženja.
Nina Tandon - Tissue engineering researcher
Nina Tandon studies ways to use electrical signals to grow artificial tissues for transplants and other therapies. Full bio
Nina Tandon studies ways to use electrical signals to grow artificial tissues for transplants and other therapies. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Good morning everybody.
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Dobro jutro svima.
00:18
I work with really amazing,
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Radim s doista nevjerojatnim
00:20
little, itty-bitty creatures called cells.
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malim, sićušnim stvorenjima zvanim stanice.
00:23
And let me tell you what it's like
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I dopustite mi da vam objasnim kako je
00:25
to grow these cells in the lab.
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uzgajati te stanice u laboratoriju.
00:27
I work in a lab where we take cells out of their native environment.
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Radim u laboratoriju gdje uzimamo stanice iz njihova materinjeg okoliša.
00:30
We plate them into dishes
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Stavimo ih u posudice
00:32
that we sometimes call petri dishes.
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koje ponekad nazivamo petri posudice.
00:34
And we feed them -- sterilely of course --
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I hranimo ih -- sterilno, naravno --
00:37
with what we call cell culture media -- which is like their food --
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s onim što mi zovemo stanična kultura medija -- koje je poput njihove hrane --
00:40
and we grow them in incubators.
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i uzgajamo ih u inkubatorima.
00:43
Why do I do this?
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Zašto to radim?
00:45
We observe the cells in a plate,
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Promatramo stanice u posudici
00:47
and they're just on the surface.
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i one su samo na površini.
00:49
But what we're really trying to do in my lab
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Ali ono što zapravo pokušavamo učiniti u mom laboratoriju
00:52
is to engineer tissues out of them.
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je iz njih proizvesti tkivo.
00:55
What does that even mean?
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Što to uopće znači?
00:57
Well it means growing an actual heart,
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Pa, to znači uzgajati stvarno srce,
00:59
let's say,
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recimo,
01:01
or grow a piece of bone
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ili uzgojiti komad kosti
01:03
that can be put into the body.
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koji se zatim može staviti u tijelo.
01:05
Not only that, but they can also be used for disease models.
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Ne samo to, već se one mogu koristiti i za modele bolesti.
01:08
And for this purpose, traditional cell culture techniques
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A za tu svrhu, tradicionalne tehnike staničnih kultura
01:10
just really aren't enough.
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jednostavno nisu dovoljne.
01:12
The cells are kind of homesick;
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Stanice žude za domom;
01:14
the dish doesn't feel like their home.
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posudica se ne čini više kao njihov dom.
01:16
And so we need to do better at copying their natural environment
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I stoga moramo biti bolji u kopiranju njihovog prirodnog okoliša
01:18
to get them to thrive.
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kako bi one bujale.
01:20
We call this the biomimetic paradigm --
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To zovemo biomimetičkom paradigmom --
01:22
copying nature in the lab.
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kopiranje prirode u laboratoriju.
01:25
Let's take the example of the heart,
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Uzmimo za primjer srce,
01:27
the topic of a lot of my research.
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temu mojih brojnih istraživanja.
01:29
What makes the heart unique?
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Što čini srce jedinstvenim?
01:31
Well, the heart beats,
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Pa, srce kuca,
01:33
rhythmically, tirelessly, faithfully.
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ritmički, neumorno, vjerno.
01:36
We copy this in the lab
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To kopiramo u laboratoriju
01:38
by outfitting cell culture systems with electrodes.
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opremajući sustave staničnih kultura s elektrodama.
01:41
These electrodes act like mini pacemakers
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Te elektrode se ponašaju poput mini pejsmejkera
01:43
to get the cells to contract in the lab.
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koji grči stanice u laboratoriju.
01:46
What else do we know about the heart?
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Što još znamo o srcu?
01:48
Well, heart cells are pretty greedy.
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Pa, srčane stanice su prilično pohlepne.
01:50
Nature feeds the heart cells in your body
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Priroda hrani srčane stanice u vašem tijelu
01:52
with a very, very dense blood supply.
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s veoma, veoma gustom opskrbom krvi.
01:54
In the lab, we micro-pattern channels
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U laboratoriju, pretvaramo mikro uzorcima kanale
01:56
in the biomaterials
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u biomaterijale
01:58
on which we grow the cells,
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na kojima uzgajamo stanice.
02:00
and this allows us to flow the cell culture media, the cells' food,
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A to nam omogućava da usmjeravamo medijsku staničnu kulturu, staničnu hranu,
02:03
through the scaffolds where we're growing the cells --
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kroz skele gdje uzgajamo stanice --
02:06
a lot like what you might expect
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vrlo nalik na ono što biste mogli očekivati
02:08
from a capillary bed in the heart.
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od kapilarnog ležišta u srcu.
02:10
So this brings me to lesson number one:
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To me dovodi do lekcije broj jedan:
02:13
life can do a lot with very little.
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život može učiniti puno s jako malo.
02:16
Let's take the example of electrical stimulation.
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Uzmimo kao primjer električnu stimulaciju.
02:18
Let's see how powerful just one of these essentials can be.
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Da vidimo kako moćna jedna od tih osnovnih stvari može biti.
02:22
On the left, we see a tiny piece of beating heart tissue
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S lijeve strane vidimo sićušan komadić tkiva srca koje kuca
02:25
that I engineered from rat cells in the lab.
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koje sam proizvela iz stanica štakora u laboratoriju.
02:27
It's about the size of a mini marshmallow.
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Otprilike je veličine mini bijelog sljeza.
02:29
And after one week, it's beating.
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I nakon jednog tjedna, kuca.
02:31
You can see it in the upper left-hand corner.
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Možete je vidjeti u gornjem lijevom kutu.
02:33
But don't worry if you can't see it so well.
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Ali ne brinite ako je ne vidite tako dobro.
02:35
It's amazing that these cells beat at all.
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Nevjerojatno je kako te stanice uopće kucaju.
02:38
But what's really amazing
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Ali ono što je doista nevjerojatno
02:40
is that the cells, when we electrically stimulate them,
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je kako stanice kada ih električki stimuliramo
02:42
like with a pacemaker,
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kao s pejsmejkerom,
02:44
that they beat so much more.
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one kucaju bitno više.
02:46
But that brings me to lesson number two:
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A to me dovodi do lekcije broj dva:
02:48
cells do all the work.
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stanice obave cijeli posao.
02:50
In a sense, tissue engineers have a bit of an identity crisis here,
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Na neki način, uzgajatelji tkiva imaju ovdje malu krizu identiteta,
02:53
because structural engineers
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jer strukturalni inžinjeri
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build bridges and big things,
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grade mostove i velike stvari,
02:58
computer engineers, computers,
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računalni inžinjeri, računala,
03:00
but what we are doing
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ali ono što mi radimo
03:02
is actually building enabling technologies for the cells themselves.
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je zapravo gradnja podupirućih tehnologija za same stanice.
03:05
What does this mean for us?
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Što to znači za nas?
03:07
Let's do something really simple.
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Učinimo nešto jako jednostavno.
03:09
Let's remind ourselves
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Podsjetimo se
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that cells are not an abstract concept.
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kako stanice nisu apstraktni koncept.
03:14
Let's remember that our cells sustain our lives
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Podsjetimo se kako naše stanice održavaju naše živote
03:17
in a very real way.
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na vrlo stvaran način.
03:19
"We are what we eat," could easily be described
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"Mi smo ono što jedemo," može se jednostavno opisati
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as, "We are what our cells eat."
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kao, "Mi smo ono što naše stanice jedu."
03:24
And in the case of the flora in our gut,
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A u slučaju flore u našim crijevima,
03:26
these cells may not even be human.
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te stanice ne moraju ni biti ljudske.
03:30
But it's also worth noting
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Ali ujedno je važno napomenuti
03:32
that cells also mediate our experience of life.
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kako stanice posreduju u našem iskustvu života.
03:35
Behind every sound, sight, touch, taste and smell
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Iza svakog zvuka, pogleda, dodira, okusa i mirisa
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is a corresponding set of cells
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je odgovarajući skup stanica
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that receive this information
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koji prima tu informaciju
03:42
and interpret it for us.
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i tumači je za nas.
03:44
It begs the question:
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Moli za pitanje:
03:46
shall we expand our sense of environmental stewardship
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hoćemo li proširiti naš smisao ekološkog upravitelja
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to include the ecosystem of our own bodies?
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kako bi uključili ekosustav svojih vlastitih tijela?
03:52
I invite you to talk about this with me further,
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Pozivam vas da pričate sa mnom o tome više,
03:54
and in the meantime, I wish you luck.
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a u međuvremenu, sretno vam bilo.
03:57
May none of your non-cancer cells
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Neka nijedna od vaših stanica koje ne nose rak
03:59
become endangered species.
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postanu ugrožene vrste.
04:01
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
04:03
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nina Tandon - Tissue engineering researcherNina Tandon studies ways to use electrical signals to grow artificial tissues for transplants and other therapies.
Why you should listen
Nina Tandon studies electrical signaling in the context of tissue engineering, with the goal of creating “spare parts” for human implantation and/or disease models. After receiving a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Cooper Union, Nina worked on an electronic nose used to “smell” lung cancer as a Fulbright scholar in Rome. She studied electrical stimulation for cardiac tissue engineering at MIT and Columbia, and now continues her research on electrical stimulation for broader tissue-engineering applications. Tandon was a 2011 TED Fellow and a 2012 Senior Fellow. Nina was also honored as one of Foreign Policy's 2015 Global Thinkers.
Nina Tandon | Speaker | TED.com