TEDxUSC
Jane Poynter: Life in Biosphere 2
Jane Poynter: Život u Biosferi 2
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Jane Poynter priča svoju priču kako je dvije godine i 20 minuta živjela u Biosferi 2 – iskustvu koje ju je izazvalo da istraži kako možemo održati život u najokrutnijim okružjima. Ovo je prvi TED talk izvučen sa samostalno organiziranog TEDx događaja, koji se održalo na Sveučilištu Južne Kalifornije.
Jane Poynter - Biospherian
After weathering two years in Biosphere 2, Jane Poynter is trying to create technologies that allow us to live in hostile environments -- like outer space. Full bio
After weathering two years in Biosphere 2, Jane Poynter is trying to create technologies that allow us to live in hostile environments -- like outer space. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I have had the distinct pleasure
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Imala sam tu sreću
00:15
of living inside two biospheres.
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da živim u dvije biosfere.
00:18
Of course we all here in this room live in Biosphere 1.
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Naravno, svi u ovoj prostoriji živimo u Biosferi 1.
00:22
I've also lived in Biosphere 2.
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Ja sam živjela i u Biosferi 2.
00:26
And the wonderful thing about that is that I get to compare biospheres.
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I divna stvar oko toga je da mogu uspoređivati biosfere.
00:30
And hopefully from that I get to learn something.
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I nadam se kako ću iz toga naučiti nešto.
00:33
So what did I learn? Well,
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Što sam naučila? Dobro,
00:35
here I am inside Biosphere 2, making a pizza.
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bila sam u Biosferi 2 i pravila sam pizzu.
00:38
So I am harvesting the wheat, in order to make the dough.
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Dakle, žanjem žito kako bih napravila tijesto.
00:41
And then of course I have to milk the goats
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Onda, naravno, moram pomusti koze
00:43
and feed the goats in order to make the cheese.
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i nahraniti ih da napravim sir.
00:46
It took me four months in Biosphere 2 to make a pizza.
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Trebalo mi je četiri mjeseca u Biosferi 2 da napravim pizzu.
00:48
Here in Biosphere 1, well it takes me about two minutes,
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Ovdje u Biosferi 1 treba mi za to otprilike dvije minute.
00:51
because I pick up the phone and I call and say,
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Uzmem telefon i kažem:
00:53
"Hey, can you deliver the pizza?"
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"Hej, možete li mi dostaviti pizzu?"
00:55
So Biosphere 2
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Biosfera 2
00:58
was essentially a three-acre,
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je u biti 1,3 ha velik,
01:00
entirely sealed, miniature world
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potpuno zatvoreni, minijaturni svijet
01:02
that I lived in for two years and 20 minutes.
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u kojemu sam živjela dvije godine i 20 minuta.
01:05
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:08
Over the top it was sealed with steel and glass,
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Na vrhu je bila zatvorena čelikom i staklom.
01:10
underneath it was sealed with a pan of steel --
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Ispod je bila zatvorena čeličnom pločom.
01:13
essentially entirely sealed.
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Potpuno zabrtvljena.
01:15
So we had our own miniature rainforest,
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Imali smo svoju minijaturnu prašumu,
01:17
a private beach with a coral reef.
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privatnu plažu s koraljnim grebenom.
01:19
We had a savanna, a marsh, a desert.
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Imali smo savanu, močvaru, pustinju.
01:22
We had our own half-acre farm that we had to grow everything.
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Imali smo svoju farmu od ¼ ha na kojoj smo morali sve uzgojiti.
01:25
And of course we had our human habitat, where we lived.
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I, naravno, imali smo svoje prebivalište u kojemu smo živjeli.
01:28
Back in the mid-'80s when we were designing Biosphere 2,
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Sredinom 80-ih kada smo dizajnirali Biosferu 2,
01:31
we had to ask ourselves some pretty basic questions.
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morali smo se pitati nekoliko prilično osnovnih pitanja.
01:33
I mean, what is a biosphere?
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Što je to biosfera?
01:35
Back then, yes, I guess we all know now
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Onda smo svi znali
01:37
that it is essentially the sphere of life around the Earth, right?
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da je to, u biti, sfera života oko Zemlje, zar ne?
01:40
Well, you have to get a little more specific than that if you're going to build one.
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Ipak smo morali biti malo određeniji kako bi izgradili jednu.
01:43
And so we decided that what it really is
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Odlučili smo se da je
01:46
is that it is entirely materially closed --
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to potpuno materijalno zatvoren prostor,
01:49
that is, nothing goes in or out at all, no material --
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odnosno, ništa ne ulazi niti ne izlazi, nikakav materijal,
01:52
and energetically open,
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a da je energetski otvoren.
01:54
which is essentially what planet Earth is.
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To je u biti planet Zemlja.
01:56
This is a chamber that was 1/400th the size of Biosphere 2
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Ovo je komora koja je 1/400 veličine Biosfere 2
01:59
that we called our Test Module.
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koju smo nazvali Test modul.
02:01
And the very first day that this fellow, John Allen,
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I prvi dan kada je ovaj čovjek, John Allen
02:03
walked in, to spend a couple of days in there
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ušao unutra da provede par dana ondje
02:05
with all the plants and animals and bacteria that we'd put in there
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sa svim biljkama, životinjama i bakterijama koje smo stavili ondje
02:07
to hopefully keep him alive,
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u nadi da ga održe na životu.
02:09
the doctors were incredibly concerned
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Liječnici su bili vrlo zabrinuti
02:11
that he was going to succumb to some dreadful toxin,
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da će podlegnuti nekom groznom otrovu
02:13
or that his lungs were going to get choked with bacteria or something, fungus.
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ili da će se ugušiti zbog bakterije ili nečega, gljivica.
02:17
But of course none of that happened.
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Ali naravno, ništa se od toga nije dogodilo.
02:20
And over the ensuing few years,
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I tijekom sljedeće dvije godine,
02:22
there were great sagas about designing Biosphere 2.
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ispreplitale su se velike sage oko dizajniranja Biosfere 2.
02:24
But by 1991
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Ali do 1991. godine
02:26
we finally had this thing built.
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konačno smo ju sagradili.
02:28
And it was time for us to go in
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I bilo je vrijeme da uđemo
02:30
and give it a go.
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i isprobamo ju.
02:32
We needed to know,
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Morali smo znati
02:34
is life this malleable?
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je li život ovako popustljiv?
02:36
Can you take this biosphere,
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Možemo li uzeti ovu biosferu,
02:38
that has evolved on a planetary scale,
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koja se razvila na planetarnom razmjeru,
02:40
and jam it into a little bottle,
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ugurati ju u malu bocu
02:42
and will it survive?
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i hoće li preživjeti?
02:44
Big questions.
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Veliko pitanje.
02:46
And we wanted to know this both for being able to go somewhere else
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I željeli smo to znati i zbog mogućnosti odlaska negdje dalje
02:49
in the universe -- if we were going to go to Mars, for instance,
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u svemir, kad bismo išli na Mars, na primjer,
02:52
would we take a biosphere with us, to live in it?
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bismo li ponijeli biosferu s nama da živimo u njoj?
02:54
We also wanted to know so we can understand more about
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Željeli smo to znati i zbog toga da više razumijemo
02:56
the Earth that we all live in.
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Zemlju u kojoj živimo.
02:58
Well, in 1991 it was finally time for us to go in
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1991. godine konačno je bilo vrijeme da uđemo
03:01
and try out this baby.
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i isprobamo ovo čudo.
03:03
Let's take it on a maiden voyage.
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Povedimo ju na prvo putovanje.
03:05
Will it work? Or will something happen
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Hoće li raditi? Ili će se nešto dogoditi
03:07
that we can't understand and we can't fix,
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što ne razumijemo i ne možemo popraviti?
03:11
thereby negating the concept of man-made biospheres?
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I time demantirati koncept biosfera koje izrađuje čovjek.
03:15
So eight of us went in: four men and four women.
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Nas osmero je ušlo. Četiri muškarca i četiri žene.
03:18
More on that later.
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Više o tome poslije.
03:20
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:22
And this is the world that we lived in.
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I ovo je svijet u kojem smo živjeli.
03:25
So, on the top, we had
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Na vrhu smo imali
03:27
these beautiful rainforests and an ocean,
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prekrasne kišne šume i ocean.
03:29
and underneath we had all this technosphere, we called it,
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Ispod smo imali tehnosferu, kako smo ju nazvali.
03:33
which is where all the pumps and the valves
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To je mjesto sa svim pumpama i ventilima
03:35
and the water tanks and the air handlers, and all of that.
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i spremnicima vode i strojevima za zrak i tomu slično.
03:38
One of the Biospherians called it "garden of Eden
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Jedan ju je od biosferaca nazvao: "Rajski vrt
03:40
on top of an aircraft carrier."
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na vrhu nosača zrakoplova."
03:42
And then also we had the human habitat of course,
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Imali smo ondje i obitavalište naravno,
03:44
with the laboratories, and all of that.
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s laboratorijima, i tomu slično.
03:46
This is the agriculture.
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To je agrikultura.
03:48
It was essentially an organic farm.
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To je u biti bila organska farma.
03:51
The day I walked into Biosphere 2,
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Onaj dan kada sam ušla u Biosferu 2,
03:53
I was, for the first time,
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prvi sam put u svom životu
03:55
breathing a completely different atmosphere
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disala potpuno drugačiju atmosferu
03:58
than everybody else in the world,
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od bilo koga drugog na svijetu
04:00
except seven other people.
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osim sedmero ljudi.
04:02
At that moment I became part of that biosphere.
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Tada sam postala dio te biosfere.
04:06
And I don't mean that in an abstract sense;
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I ne mislim to u apstraktnom smislu.
04:09
I mean it rather literally.
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Mislim to prilično doslovno.
04:11
When I breathed out, my CO2
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Kada sam izdisala, moj je CO2
04:14
fed the sweet potatoes that I was growing.
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hranio slatke krumpire koje sam uzgajala.
04:18
And we ate an awful lot of the sweet potatoes.
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I jeli smo jako puno slatkog krumpira.
04:21
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:23
And those sweet potatoes
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I ti su slatki krumpiri
04:25
became part of me.
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postali dio mene.
04:27
In fact, we ate so many sweet potatoes
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Zapravo, jeli smo toliko slatkog krumpira
04:29
I became orange with sweet potato.
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da sam postala narančasta od njih.
04:31
I literally was eating the same carbon over and over again.
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Doslovno sam jela isti ugljik opet i opet.
04:35
I was eating myself in some strange sort of bizarre way.
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Jela sam samu sebe na jedan, pomalo bizaran način.
04:39
When it came to our atmosphere, however,
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Kad je u pitanju bila naša atmosfera,
04:41
it wasn't that much of a joke over the long term,
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dugoročno to nije bila šala.
04:45
because it turned out that we were losing oxygen, quite a lot of oxygen.
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Ispostavilo se da smo gubili kisik, prilično mnogo kisika.
04:49
And we knew that we were losing CO2.
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I znali smo da gubimo CO2.
04:51
And so we were working to sequester carbon.
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I radili smo na skupljanju ugljika.
04:54
Good lord -- we know that term now.
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Dragi Bože. Sad znamo što taj izraz znači.
04:56
We were growing plants like crazy.
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Uzgajali smo biljke kao ludi.
04:58
We were taking their biomass, storing them in the basement,
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Uzimali smo njihovu biomasu, skladištili ju u podrumu,
05:00
growing plants, going around, around, around,
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uzgajali biljke, išli okolo, okolo, okolo,
05:02
trying to take all of that carbon out of the atmosphere.
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pokušavajući maknuti sav taj ugljik iz atmosfere.
05:04
We were trying to stop carbon from going into the atmosphere.
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Pokušavali smo zaustaviti ugljik da ode u atmosferu.
05:07
We stopped irrigating our soil, as much as we could.
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Prestali smo navodnjavati zemlju, koliko smo mogli.
05:09
We stopped tilling, so that we could prevent greenhouse gasses from going into the air.
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Prestali smo orati da spriječimo odlazak stakleničkih plinova u zrak.
05:13
But our oxygen was going down faster
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Ali naš se kisik snižavao brže
05:15
than our CO2 was going up, which was quite unexpected,
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nego što nam se CO2 povisivao, a to je bilo prilično neočekivano.
05:18
because we had seen them going in tandem in the test module.
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Jer smo vidjeli da se zajedno mijenjaju u test modulu.
05:21
And it was like playing atomic hide-and-seek.
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I to je bilo kao igra atomskog skrivača.
05:24
We had lost seven tons of oxygen.
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Izgubili smo sedam tona kisika.
05:26
And we had no clue where it was.
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I nismo znali gdje je.
05:28
And I tell you, when you lose a lot of oxygen --
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I mogu vam reći, kad izgubite mnogo kisika,
05:31
and our oxygen went down quite far;
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a naš se kisik prilično snizio,
05:33
it went from 21 percent down to 14.2 percent --
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otišao je s 21 posto na 14,2 posto --
05:36
my goodness, do you feel dreadful.
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o moj Bože, kako se samo osjećate očajno.
05:39
I mean we were dragging ourselves around the Biosphere.
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Vukli smo se okolo po Biosferi.
05:42
And we had sleep apnea at night.
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I imali smo apneju pri spavanju po noći.
05:44
So you'd wake up gasping with breath,
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Budili smo se loveći zrak.
05:47
because your blood chemistry has changed.
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Zato što vam se promijeni biokemija krvi.
05:49
And that you literally do that. You stop breathing and then you -- (Gasps) --
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I onda doslovno to činite. Prestanete disati i onda
05:52
take a breath and it wakes you up. And it's very irritating.
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udahnete i to vas probudi. I to je prilično iritantno.
05:54
And everybody outside thought we were dying.
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I svi vani su mislili da umiremo.
05:56
I mean, the media was making it sound like were were dying.
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Mislim, mediji su učinili da zvuči kao da umiremo.
05:58
And I had to call up my mother every other day saying, "No, Mum, it's fine, fine.
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Morala sam svaki drugi dan zvati majku da joj kažem: "Ne, mama, sve je u redu.
06:01
We're not dead. We're fine. We're fine."
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Nismo mrtvi. Dobro smo. Dobro smo."
06:03
And the doctor was, in fact, checking us
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Liječnik nas je, zapravo, pregledavao
06:05
to make sure we were, in fact, fine.
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da provjeri jesmo li stvarno dobro.
06:07
But in fact he was the person who was most susceptible to the oxygen.
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Ali zapravo je on bio osoba koja je bila najosjetljivija na kisik.
06:11
And one day he couldn't add up a line of figures.
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Jedan dan nije mogao zbrojiti niz brojeva.
06:13
And it was time for us to put oxygen in.
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Bilo je vrijeme da unesemo kisik unutra.
06:17
And you might think, well,
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Mogli biste pomisliti,
06:19
"Boy, your life support system
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"Vaš vas je sustav za održavanje života
06:21
was failing you. Wasn't that dreadful?"
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iznevjerio. Nije li to bilo grozno?"
06:23
Yes. In a sense it was terrifying.
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Da. Bilo je zastrašujuće.
06:27
Except that I knew I could walk out the airlock door
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Osim toga, znala sam da mogu izaći kroz vrata
06:30
at any time, if it really got bad,
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u bilo koje doba ako postane stvarno loše.
06:32
though who was going to say, "I can't take it anymore!"?
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Iako, tko će reći, "Ne mogu to više podnijeti?"
06:35
Not me, that was for sure.
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Ne ja, to je bilo sigurno.
06:37
But on the other hand, it was the scientific gold of the project,
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S druge strane, to je bio znanstveni uspjeh ovoga projekta.
06:41
because we could really crank this baby up,
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Zato što smo doista mogli izmučiti ovo čudo,
06:43
as a scientific tool,
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kao znanstveno oruđe,
06:45
and see if we could, in fact, find
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i vidjeti možemo li, u stvari, pronaći
06:47
where those seven tons of oxygen had gone.
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gdje je nestalo onih sedam tona kisika.
06:50
And we did indeed find it.
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I doista smo to našli.
06:52
And we found it in the concrete.
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Našli smo to u betonu.
06:54
Essentially it had done something very simple.
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Dogodilo se nešto vrlo jednostavno.
06:56
We had put too much carbon in the soil in the form of compost.
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Stavili smo previše ugljika u zemlju u obliku komposta.
06:59
It broke down; it took oxygen out of the air;
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Razgradio se, uzeo kisik iz zraka.
07:01
it put CO2 into the air; and it went into the concrete.
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Unio je CO2 u zrak. I otišao je u beton.
07:04
Pretty straightforward really.
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Prilično izravno.
07:06
So at the end of the two years
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Dakle, na kraju dvije godine
07:08
when we came out, we were elated,
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kada smo izišli, bili smo ushićeni.
07:10
because, in fact, although you might say
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Zato što, zapravo, iako
07:13
we had discovered something that was quite "uhh,"
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smo otkrili nešto što je bilo prilično "uhh",
07:16
when your oxygen is going down,
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kada ti kisik pada,
07:18
stopped working, essentially, in your life support system,
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ono što prestaje raditi jest, u osnovi, sustav održavanja života,
07:21
that's a very bad failure.
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a to je vrlo velik promašaj.
07:23
Except that we knew what it was. And we knew how to fix it.
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Osim što smo mi znali što je. I znali smo kako to popraviti.
07:26
And nothing else emerged
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I ništa se zapravo nije pojavilo
07:28
that really was as serious as that.
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što je bilo tako ozbiljno kao ovo.
07:30
And we proved the concept, more or less.
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I dokazali smo koncept, više ili manje.
07:32
People, on the other hand, was a different subject.
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Ljudi, u drugu ruku, su drugačija tema.
07:35
We were -- yeah I don't know that we were fixable.
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Bili smo --- ne znam jesmo li bili popravljivi.
07:38
We all went quite nuts, I will say.
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Svi smo bili poprilično ludi, moglo bi se reći.
07:40
And the day I came out of Biosphere 2,
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I na dan kada sam došla iz Biosfere 2
07:42
I was thrilled I was going to see all my family and my friends.
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bila sam oduševljena što ću vidjeti svu svoju obitelj i prijatelje.
07:46
For two years I'd been seeing people through the glass.
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Dvije godine sam viđala ljude samo kroz staklo.
07:49
And everybody ran up to me.
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I svi su mi pritrčali.
07:51
And I recoiled. They stank!
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I ja sam ustuknula. Smrdjeli su!
07:55
People stink!
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Ljudi smrde!
07:57
We stink of hairspray and underarm deodorant,
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Smrdimo po spreju za kosu i dezodoransu
08:00
and all kinds of stuff.
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i po svemu i svačemu.
08:02
Now we had stuff inside Biosphere to keep ourselves clean,
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U Biosferi smo imali stvari kojima smo održavali vlastitu čistoću.
08:05
but nothing with perfume.
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Ali ništa s parfemom.
08:07
And boy do we stink out here.
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I čovječe, kako svi ovdje smrdimo.
08:10
Not only that,
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Ne samo to,
08:12
but I lost touch of where my food came from.
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izgubila sam pojam odakle mi dolazi hrana.
08:16
I had been growing all my own food.
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Uzgajala sam svu svoju hranu.
08:19
I had no idea what was in my food, where it came from.
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I nisam imala pojma što je u mojoj hrani niti odakle je došla.
08:22
I didn't even recognize half the names in most of the food that I was eating.
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Nisam prepoznala pola naziva u većini hrane koju sam jela.
08:25
In fact, I would stand for hours in the aisles of shops,
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Zapravo. Stajala bih satima ispred polica u trgovini,
08:28
reading all the names on all of the things.
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čitajući sva imena na svim stvarima.
08:30
People must have thought I was nuts.
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Ljudi su sigurno mislili da sam luda.
08:32
It was really quite astonishing.
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Bilo je zbilja zapanjujuće.
08:38
And I slowly lost track
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I polako sam izgubila pojam
08:41
of where I was in this big biosphere, in this big biosphere that we all live in.
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gdje sam u ovoj velikoj biosferi, u ovoj velikoj biosferi u kojoj svi živimo.
08:45
In Biosphere 2 I totally understood
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U Biosferi 2 sam potpuno razumjela
08:48
that I had a huge impact on my biosphere, everyday,
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da imam velik učinak na moju biosferu, svaki dan,
08:52
and it had an impact on me,
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i to je imalo velik učinak na mene,
08:54
very viscerally, very literally.
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vrlo tjelesno, vrlo doslovno.
08:56
So I went about my business:
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I tako sam se nastavila baviti svojim poslom.
08:58
Paragon Space Development Corporation,
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Paragon Space Development Corporation
09:00
a little firm I started with people while I was in the Biosphere,
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je malo poduzeće koje sam osnovala s ljudima dok sam bila u Biosferi,
09:02
because I had nothing else to do.
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jer nisam imala ništa drugo za raditi.
09:04
And one of the things we did was
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I jedna od stvari koje smo
09:06
try to figure out: how small can you make these biospheres,
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pokušali shvatiti jest koliko male mogu biti biosfere.
09:08
and what can you do with them?
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I što se s njima može raditi?
09:10
And so we sent one onto the Mir Space Station.
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Poslali smo jednu u svemirsku postaju Mir.
09:13
We had one on the shuttle and one on the International Space Station,
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Jednu smo imali u svemirskom vozilu, a jednu u međunarodnoj svemirskoj postaji
09:16
for 16 months, where we managed to produce
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16 mjeseci. Tamo smo uspjeli stvoriti
09:18
the first organisms to go through
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prve organizme koji su prošli kroz
09:20
complete multiple life cycles in space --
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kompletan životni ciklus u svemiru.
09:22
really pushing the envelope
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Zbilja smo pomicali
09:24
of understanding how malleable
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razumijevanje kako prilagodljivi mogu biti
09:26
our life systems are.
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naši sustavi života.
09:29
And I'm also proud to announce
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Također sam ponosna što mogu najaviti
09:31
that you're getting a sneak preview -- on Friday we're going to announce
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da ćete dobiti kratak pregled – u petak ćemo najaviti
09:34
that we're actually forming a team
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da ćemo zapravo formirati tim
09:36
to develop a system to grow plants on the Moon,
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koji će razviti sustav za rast biljaka na Mjesecu,
09:39
which is going to be pretty fun.
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što će biti prilično zabavno.
09:41
And the legacy of that is a system that we were designing:
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I nasljeđe toga je sustav koji smo dizajnirali,
09:44
an entirely sealed system to grow plants to grow on Mars.
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potpuno odijeljen sustav za rast biljaka koje će se uzgajati na Marsu.
09:48
And part of that is that we had to model
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I dio toga jest to da smo morali modelirati
09:50
very rapid circulation of CO2
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vrlo brzu cirkulaciju CO2
09:54
and oxygen and water through this plant system.
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i kisika i vode kroz ovaj sustav.
09:57
As a result of that modeling
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Kao rezultat tog modeliranja
09:59
I ended up in all places,
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završili smo,
10:01
in Eritrea, in the Horn of Africa.
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u Eritreji, u rogu Afrike.
10:04
Eritrea, formerly part of Ethiopia,
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Eritreja, prijašnji dio Etiopije,
10:07
is one of those places that is astonishingly beautiful,
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je jedno od onih mjesta koje su zaprepašćujuće lijepi,
10:12
incredibly stark, and I have no understanding
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nevjerojatno strašni, i uopće mi nije jasno
10:16
of how people eke out a living there.
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kako ljudi uspijevaju živjeti tamo.
10:18
It is so dry.
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Tako je suho.
10:20
This is what I saw.
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Ovo je ono što ste vidjeli.
10:22
But this is also what I saw.
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Ali ovo sam također i ja vidjela.
10:24
I saw a company that had
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Vidjela sam poduzeća koja
10:27
taken seawater
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uzimaju morsku vodu,
10:30
and sand, and they were growing
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i pijesak, i uzgajali su
10:33
a kind of crop that will grow on pure salt water without having to treat it.
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vrstu usjeva koja može rasti na čistoj slanoj vodi bez ikakvog tretmana.
10:37
And it will produce a food crop.
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I proizvest će jestivu žetvu.
10:39
In this case it was oilseed.
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U ovom slučaju to je uljarica.
10:41
It was astonishing. They were also producing mangroves
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Bilo je zaprepašćujuće. Također su uzgajali mangrove
10:44
in a plantation.
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u plantažama.
10:46
And the mangroves were providing wood
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I mangrove su davale drvo
10:48
and honey and leaves for the animals,
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i med i lišće za životinje,
10:50
so that they could produce milk and whatnot,
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da mogu proizvoditi mlijeko i što sve ne,
10:52
like we had in the Biosphere.
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kao što smo imali i u Biosferi.
10:54
And all of it was coming from this: shrimp farms.
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I sve je to potjecalo od ovoga, uzgajališta škampi.
10:58
Shrimp farms are a scourge on the earth,
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Uzgajališta škampi su bič božji,
11:00
frankly, from an environmental point of view.
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zapravo, s ekološkog gledišta.
11:02
They pour huge amounts of pollutants into the ocean.
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Oni izlijevaju goleme količine onečišćenja u ocean.
11:05
They also pollute their next-door neighbors.
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Oni također zagađuju svoje susjede.
11:08
So they're all shitting each other's ponds, quite literally.
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Tako da svi obavljaju nuždu jedni drugima u jezero. Prilično doslovno.
11:11
And what this project was doing
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I što je ovaj projekt radio jest
11:14
was taking the effluent of these,
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da je uzimao otpadne vode
11:16
and turning them into all of this food.
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i pretvarao ih sve u hranu.
11:18
They were literally turning pollution into abundance for a desert people.
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Doslovno su pretvarali zagađenje u obilje za pustinjske ljude.
11:23
They had created an industrial ecosystem, of a sense.
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U nekom vidu, oni su stvorili proizvodni ekosustav.
11:27
I was there because I was actually modeling the mangrove portion
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Bila sam ondje jer sam zapravo usklađivala udio mangrova
11:31
for a carbon credit program, under the U.N.
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u programu ugljičnog kredita, pod UN-ovim
11:33
Kyoto Protocol system.
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protokolom Kyoto.
11:35
And as I was modeling this mangrove swamp,
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I dok sam usklađivala te močvare mangrova,
11:37
I was thinking to myself, "How do you put a box around this?"
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mislila sam: "Kako da stavim kutiju oko ovog?"
11:40
When I'm modeling a plant in a box, literally,
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Kada modeliram biljku u kutiji, doslovno,
11:43
I know where to draw the boundary.
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znam gdje povući granicu.
11:45
In a mangrove forest like this I have no idea.
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U šumi mangrova kao što je ova nisam imala pojma.
11:48
Well, of course you have to draw the boundary around the whole of the Earth.
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Pa, naravno, morali bismo povući granicu oko cijele Zemlje.
11:51
And understand its interactions with the entire Earth.
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I razumjeti njezine interakcije sa cijelom Zemljom.
11:54
And put your project in that context.
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I staviti svoj projekt u taj kontekst.
11:59
Around the world today we're seeing an incredible transformation,
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Danas posvuda u svijetu vidimo nevjerojatne transformacije.
12:04
from what I would call a biocidal species,
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Od onoga što bi ja nazvala biocidna vrsta,
12:08
one that -- whether we intentionally or unintentionally --
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ona koja smo namjerno ili nenamjerno
12:11
have designed our systems to kill life, a lot of the time.
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dizajnirali svoje sustave da ubijaju život većinu vremena.
12:15
This is in fact, this beautiful photograph,
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Ovo je zapravo, ova prekrasna slika,
12:19
is in fact over the Amazon.
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panorama iznad Amazone.
12:21
And here the light green are areas of massive deforestation.
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I ovdje u svjetlo zelenom su područja masivne deforestacije.
12:26
And those beautiful wispy clouds
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I ovi prekrasni pramičci oblaka
12:28
are, in fact, fires, human-made fires.
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su, zapravo, vatre, vatre koje su zapalili ljudi.
12:32
We're in the process of transforming from this,
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Mi smo u procesu transformacije iz ovog
12:35
to what I would call a biophilic society,
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u ono što bi nazala biofilno društvo,
12:39
one where we learn to nurture society.
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gdje učimo njegovati društvo.
12:42
Now it may not seem like it, but we are.
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I možda se ne čini tako, ali istina je.
12:45
It is happening all across the world,
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Događa se po cijelom svijetu,
12:48
in every kind of walk of life,
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u svakom vidu života,
12:50
and every kind of career
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u svakoj karijeri
12:52
and industry that you can think of.
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i industriji koju možete zamisliti.
12:56
And I think often times people get lost in that.
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I mislim da se ljudi često izgube u tome.
12:59
They go, "But how can I possibly find my way in that?
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I kažu, "Ali, kako se uopće mogu snaći u tome?
13:02
It's such a huge subject."
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To je golema tema."
13:04
And I would say that the small stuff counts. It really does.
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I ja bih rekla da se male stvari broje. I zaista je tako.
13:08
This is the story of a rake in my backyard.
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Ovo je priča o grabljama u mom dvorištu.
13:13
This was my backyard,
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Ovo je moje dvorište,
13:15
very early on, when I bought my property.
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vrlo davno, kada sam tek kupila svoje imanje.
13:17
And in Arizona, of course, everybody puts gravel down.
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I u Arizoni, naravno, svi stavljaju šljunak.
13:20
And they like to keep everything beautifully raked. And they keep all the leaves away.
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I vole sve držati prekrasno šljunčano. I vole spriječiti bilo kakvo lišće da pada na pod.
13:24
And on Sunday morning the neighbors leaf blower comes out,
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I u nedjelju ujutro susjed dođe sa strojem za otpuhivanje lišća
13:27
and I want to throttle them.
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i ja ga želim zadaviti.
13:29
It's a certain type of aesthetic.
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To je određena vrsta estetike.
13:32
We're very uncomfortable with untidiness.
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Vrlo mi je neugodno oko nereda.
13:35
And I threw away my rake.
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I ja bacim grablje.
13:39
And I let all of the leaves fall from the trees that I have on my property.
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I pustim sve lišće da padne s drveća na moje imanje.
13:43
And over time, essentially what have I been doing?
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I, nakon nekog vremena, zapravo, što sam radila?
13:45
I've been building topsoil.
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Pravila sam gornji dio zemlje.
13:47
And so now all the birds come in. And I have hawks.
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I sada sve ptice dolaze. I imam sokole.
13:49
And I have an oasis.
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I imam oazu.
13:53
This is what happens every spring. For six weeks,
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Ovo se događa svako proljeće. Za šest tjedana,
13:57
six to eight weeks, I have this flush of green oasis.
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šest do osam tjedana, imam divnu zelenu oazu.
14:00
This is actually in a riparian area.
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Ovo je zapravo priobalno područje.
14:02
And all of Tucson could be like this
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I sav bi Tuscon mogao biti takav,
14:04
if everybody would just revolt and throw away the rake.
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kad bi se svi pobunili i bacili grablje.
14:07
The small stuff counts.
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Male stvari se broje.
14:11
The Industrial Revolution -- and Prometheus --
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Industrijska revolucija, i Prometej,
14:14
has given us this, the ability to light up the world.
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nam je dao ovo, sposobnost da rasvijetlimo svijet.
14:19
It has also given us this,
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Također nam je dao
14:21
the ability to look at the world from the outside.
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sposobnost da gledamo svijet izvana.
14:25
Now we may not all have
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Možda svi nemamo
14:27
another biosphere that we can run to,
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drugu biosferu u koju možemo pobjeći
14:29
and compare it to this biosphere.
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i usporediti je s ovom biosferom.
14:32
But we can look at the world,
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Ali možemo gledati svijet
14:34
and try to understand where we are in its context,
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i pokušati razumjeti gdje smo mi u njemu
14:39
and how we choose to interact with it.
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i kako s njim odabiremo postupati.
14:43
And if you lose where you are in your biosphere,
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I ako ste izgubili mjesto u svojoj biosferi,
14:46
or are perhaps having a difficulty connecting
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ili ako imate problema s povezivanjem
14:48
with where you are in the biosphere,
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s tim gdje ste u biosferi,
14:50
I would say to you,
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kažem vam,
14:53
take a deep breath.
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duboko udahnite.
14:56
The yogis had it right.
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Oni koji se bave jogom imali su pravo.
14:58
Breath does, in fact, connect us all
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Dah nas zbilja sve povezuje
15:01
in a very literal way.
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u vrlo doslovnom smislu.
15:03
Take a breath now.
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Sada udahnite.
15:05
And as you breathe, think
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I dok dišete razmišljajte
15:07
about what is in your breath.
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o tome što je u vašem izdahu.
15:11
There perhaps is the CO2 from the person sitting next-door to you.
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Možda je to CO2 čovjeka koji sjedi pokraj vas.
15:16
Maybe there is a little bit of oxygen
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Možda je to malo kisika
15:18
from some algae on the beach not far from here.
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od neke alge s plaže nedaleko odavde.
15:23
It also connects us in time.
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Također nas povezuje u vremenu.
15:26
There may be some carbon in your breath
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Možda je dio ugljika u vašem dahu
15:30
from the dinosaurs.
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iz dinosaura.
15:33
There could also be carbon that you are exhaling now
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Moguće je da ugljik koji sada izdišete
15:38
that will be in the breath
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bude dah
15:42
of your great-great-great-grandchildren.
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vašeg pra-pra-pra-pra-praunuka.
15:45
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala vam.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Poynter - BiospherianAfter weathering two years in Biosphere 2, Jane Poynter is trying to create technologies that allow us to live in hostile environments -- like outer space.
Why you should listen
Jane Poynter is one of only eight people to live in Biosphere 2 for two years. In 1991, she and seven others were locked in a three-acre, hermetically-sealed environment in the Arizona desert. Nothing was allowed in or out, and everything had to be recycled. Poynter, and the rest of the team, endured dangerously low oxygen levels and constant hunger, but they survived -- something many scientists said was impossible.
After leaving Biosphere 2, Poynter went on to found Paragon Space Development Corporation, along with her former fellow biospherian and now husband, Taber MacCallum. Paragon develops technologies that might allow humans to live in extreme environments such as outer space and underwater. As president of Paragon, Poynter has had experiments flown on the International Space Station, Russian Mir Space Station and US Space Shuttle, as well as working on underwater technologies with the US Navy.
However, Poynter has not given up on her homeland -- Biosphere 1. She continues to consult on and write about sustainable development and new green technologies. In concert with the World Bank, she has worked on projects to mitigate climate change and to grow crops in typically arid and hostile regions of Africa and Central America. Through talks and appearances, she builds awareness of the fragile state of the environment. After all, she knows what it's like to watch your biosphere begin to break down.
The New York Times looks back on the Biosphere 2 story >>
Jane Poynter | Speaker | TED.com