TEDIndia 2009
Shaffi Mather: A new way to fight corruption
Shaffi Mather: Novi način borbe protiv korupcije
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Shaffi Mather objašnjava zašto je napustio svoju prvu karijeru kako bi postao socijalni poduzetnik, pružajući svojom kompanijom 1298 životno važan prijevoz za Hitnu. Sada, ima novu ideju i planira započeti novu kompaniju za borbu protiv rastuće korupcije u javnom sektoru, eliminirajući mito po mito.
Shaffi Mather - Social entrepreneur, lawyer
Shaffi Mather is the founder of 1298 for Ambulance, Education Access for All, and co-promoter of Moksha-Yug Access. Full bio
Shaffi Mather is the founder of 1298 for Ambulance, Education Access for All, and co-promoter of Moksha-Yug Access. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
The anger in me against corruption
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Bijes u meni protiv korupcije
00:19
made me to make a big career change
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natjerala me da napravim veliku promijenu u karijeri
00:22
last year, becoming a full-time practicing lawyer.
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prošle godine, postajući odvjetnik praktičar na puno radno vrijeme.
00:26
My experiences over the last 18 months,
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Moja iskustva, u posljednjih 18 mjeseci,
00:30
as a lawyer, has seeded in me
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kao odvjetnika, su usadila u mene
00:32
a new entrepreneurial idea,
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novu poduzetničku ideju,
00:35
which I believe is indeed
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za koju doista vjerujem
00:37
worth spreading.
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kako je vrijedna širenja.
00:39
So, I share it with all of you here today,
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Stoga, ću danas ovdje ideju podijeliti s vama,
00:42
though the idea itself is getting crystallized
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iako se sama ideja kristalizira
00:44
and I'm still writing up the business plan.
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i još uvijek pišem poslovni plan.
00:47
Of course it helps that fear of public failure
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Naravno da pomaže to što strah od javnog neuspjeha
00:50
diminishes as the number of ideas
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nestaje kako se broj ideja
00:53
which have failed increases.
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koje su doživjele neuspjeh povećava.
00:57
I've been a huge fan of enterprise and entrepreneurship
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Ja sam veliki obožavatelj poduzeća i poduzetništva
01:00
since 1993.
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još od 1993. godine.
01:02
I've explored, experienced,
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Istraživao sam, iskusio sam,
01:04
and experimented enterprise
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i eksperimentirao s poduzećem
01:06
and capitalism to my heart's content.
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i kapitalizmom na vlastito zadovoljstvo.
01:09
I built, along with my two brothers,
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Izgradio sam, zajedno s dvoje moje braće
01:11
the leading real estate company in my home state, Kerala,
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vodeću kompaniju za nekretnine u mojoj domovini, Kerali.
01:15
and then worked professionally
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I zatim sam profesionalno radio
01:17
with two of India's biggest businessmen,
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s dvojicom najvećih indijskih poduzetnika,
01:20
but in their startup enterprises.
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ali na njihovim podzećima u začecima.
01:23
In 2003, when I stepped out of the pure play capitalistic sector
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2003. godine kada sam izašao iz sektora čistog kapitalizma,
01:28
to work on so-called social sector issues,
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kako bih radio na takozvanim problemima društvenog sektora,
01:32
I definitely did not have any grand strategy
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definitivno nisam imao nikakvu veliku strategiju
01:36
or plan to pursue and find
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ili plan kako bih slijedio i našao
01:39
for-profit solutions
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profitabilna rješenja
01:41
to addressing pressing public issues.
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kojima bih rješio goruće javne teme.
01:44
When life brought about a series
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Kada je život donio niz
01:46
of death and near-death experiences
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smrtnih iskustva ili iskustva blizu smrti
01:49
within my close circle,
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unutar mog bliskog kruga,
01:51
which highlighted the need
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koje su zatim naglasile potrebu
01:53
for an emergency medical response service in India,
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za uslugom hitnog medicinskog odaziva u Indiji,
01:56
similar to 911 in USA.
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sličnog 911 u SAD-u.
01:59
To address this, I, along with four friends,
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Kako bih rješio to, ja sam, zajedno sa svoja četiri prijatelja,
02:02
founded Ambulance Access for All,
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osnovao Pristup hitnoj za sve,
02:04
to promote life-support ambulance services in India.
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kako bih promovirao usluge hitne pomoći koje pružaju životnu podršku u Indiji.
02:08
For those from the developing world,
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Za one iz zemalja u razvoju,
02:10
there is nothing, absolutely nothing new in this idea.
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ne postoji ništa, apsolutno ništa novog u toj ideji.
02:13
But as we envisioned it,
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Ali kako smo je zamislili,
02:15
we had three key goals:
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imali smo tri ključna cilja:
02:17
Providing world-class life support ambulance service
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Pružanje usluge hitne pomoći svjetske razine
02:20
which is fully self-sustainable from its own revenue streams,
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koja je potpuno samoodrživa iz vlastitih novčanih tijekova,
02:23
and universally accessible
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i globalno dostupna
02:25
to anyone in a medical emergency,
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svima koji imaju medicinski hitni slučaj,
02:28
irrespective of the capability to pay.
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bez obzira na njihovu mogućnost plaćanja.
02:31
The service which grew out of this,
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Usluga koja je izrasla iz toga,
02:33
Dial 1298 for Ambulance,
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Zovite 1298 za Hitnu,
02:35
with one ambulance in 2004,
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s jednim kolima u 2004. godini,
02:38
now has a hundred-plus ambulances in three states,
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sada ima sto plus hitnih kola u tri pokrajine,
02:41
and has transported over 100,000 patients
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i transportirano je preko 100.000 pacijenata
02:44
and victims since inception.
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i žrtava od začeća.
02:46
The service is -- (Applause)
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Usluga je -- (Pljesak)
02:49
fully self-sustainable from its own revenues,
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potpuno samoodrživa iz vlastitih prihoda,
02:52
without accessing any public funds,
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bez pristupa bilo kakvim javnim sredstvima
02:54
and the cross-subsidy model actually works,
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a model poprečne subvencije zapravo funkcionira,
02:58
where the rich pays higher, poor pays lower,
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gdje bogati plaćaju više, siromašni plaćaju manje,
03:01
and the accident victim is getting the service free of charge.
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a žrtve nesreće dobivaju uslugu besplatno.
03:05
The service responded effectively
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Usluga je odgovorila djelotvorno
03:07
and efficiently,
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i učinkovito,
03:09
during the unfortunate
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tijekom nesretnih
03:11
26/11 Mumbai terror attacks.
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terorističkih napada na Mumbai 26. studenog.
03:14
And as you can see from the visuals,
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I kao što možete vidjeti sa slajdova,
03:18
the service was responding and rescuing
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usluga je odgovarala i spašavala
03:21
victims from the incident locations
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žrtve s lokacija gdje se incident dogodio
03:24
even before the police could cordon off
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čak i prije nego je policija mogla osigurati
03:27
the incident locations
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lokacije incidenta
03:30
and formally confirm it as a terror strike.
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i formalno potvrditi kako se radi o terorističkom napadu.
03:33
We ended up being the first medical response team
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Bili smo prva medicinska ekipa
03:37
in every incident location
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na svakoj lokaciji incidenta
03:40
and transported 125 victims,
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i prevezli smo 125 žrtava,
03:43
saving life.
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spašavajući živote.
03:45
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
03:50
In tribute and remembrance
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U znak počasti i sjećanja
03:54
of 26/11 attacks
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na napade 26. studenog
03:58
over the last one year,
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u posljednjih godinu dana,
04:01
we have actually helped a Pakistani NGO,
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zapravo smo pomogli Pakistanskoj nevladinoj organizaciji,
04:04
Aman Foundation,
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Aman fondaciji,
04:07
to set up a self-sustainable life support ambulance service
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da pokrene samoodrživu uslugu hitne medicinske pomoći
04:11
in Karachi, facilitated by Acumen Fund.
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u Karachiju, koja je vođena od strane Acumen fonda.
04:14
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
04:20
It's a small message from us,
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To je naša mala poruka,
04:24
in our own small way
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na naš mali način
04:26
to the enemies of humanity,
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neprijateljima čovječanstva,
04:28
of Islam, of South Asia,
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Islama, Južne Azije,
04:31
of India, and of Pakistan,
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Indije, i Pakistana,
04:34
that humanity will continue to bloom,
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kako će čovječanstvo nastaviti cvjetati,
04:37
irrespective of such dastardly attacks.
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bez obzira na takve kukavičke napade.
04:39
Since then I've also co-founded two other social enterprises.
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Odonda sam ujedno i suosnivač dva druga socijalna poduzeća.
04:43
One is Education Access for All,
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Jedno je Pristup edukaciji za sve,
04:45
setting up schools in small-town India.
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osnivajući škole u malim Indijskim gradićima.
04:48
And the other is Moksha-Yug Access,
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A drugo je Moksha-Yug pristup,
04:50
which is integrating rural supply chain
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koje integrira ruralni lanac nabave
04:52
on the foundations of self-help group-based microfinance.
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u fondacijama grupa za samo-pomoć koje su bazirane na mikrofinancijama.
04:57
I guess we seem to be doing at least a few things right.
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Vjerujem kako se čini kako bar neke stvari radimo pravilno.
05:00
Because diligent investors and venture funds
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Jer marljivi investitori i poduzetnički kapital
05:03
have committed over 7.5 million dollars in funding.
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su se obvezali na preko 7,5 milijuna dolara za financiranje.
05:07
With the significance being these funds have come in
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S važnom razlikom kako su se ti fondovi uključili
05:09
as a QT capital, not as grant or as philanthropy.
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kao QT kapital, ne kao zajam ili filantropija:
05:13
Now I come back to the idea of the new social enterprise
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Sada se vraćam na ideju novog socijalnog poduzeća
05:16
that I'm exploring.
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koje istražujem.
05:18
Corruption, bribes, and lack of transparency.
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Korupcija, mita, i nedostatak transparentnosti.
05:21
You may be surprised to know
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Možda ćete biti iznenađeni ako čujete
05:23
that eight speakers yesterday
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kako je osam govornika jučer
05:26
actually mentioned these terms in their talks.
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zapravo spomenulo te termine u svojim govorima.
05:29
Bribes and corruption have both a demand and a supply side,
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Mita i korupcija imaju i stranu potražnje i ponude.
05:32
with the supply side being mostly of
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Stranu ponude najviše čine
05:35
greedy corporate unethical businesses
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pohlepna korporativna neetička poduzeća
05:37
and hapless common man.
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i nesretni svakidašnji čovjek.
05:39
And the demand side being mostly politicians,
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A stranu potražnje najviše čine političari,
05:42
bureaucrats and those who have discretionary power
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birokrati i oni koji su stekli
05:44
vested with them.
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diskrecijsku moć.
05:46
According to World Bank estimate,
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Prema procjenama Svjetske banke,
05:48
one trillion dollars is paid in bribes
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jedan bilijun dolara je isplaćen u mitu
05:51
every year, worsening the condition
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svake godine, pogoršavajući situaciju
05:53
of the already worse off.
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koja je već ionako jako loša.
05:55
Yet, if you analyze the common man,
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A ipak, ako analizirate običnog čovjeka,
05:58
he or she does not wake up every day and say,
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on ili ona se ne probude svaki dan i kažu,
06:01
"Hmm, let me see who I can pay a bribe to today."
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"Hmm, da vidim kome mogu platiti mito danas.",
06:04
or, "Let me see who I can corrupt today."
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ili "Da vidim koga mogu danas potkupiti."
06:07
Often it is the constraining or the back-to-the-wall situation
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Često je ograničavajuća situacija ili situacija u kojoj su jednostavno pritisnuti uza zid
06:12
that the hapless common man finds himself or herself in
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u kojoj se nesretan običan čovjek često nađe
06:15
that leads him to pay a bribe.
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a koja vodi do toga da plati mito.
06:17
In the modern day world, where time is premium
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U modernom svijetu, gdje postoji nagrada,
06:20
and battle for subsistence is unimaginably tough,
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i bitka za opstanak je nezamislivo teška,
06:23
the hapless common man
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nesretan običan čovjek
06:25
simply gives in and pays the bribe just to get on with life.
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se jednostavno predaje i plaća mito kako bi mogao nastaviti sa životom.
06:30
Now, let me ask you another question.
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Sada, dopustite mi da vas pitam još jedno pitanje.
06:32
Imagine you are being asked to pay a bribe
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Zamislite da vas netko zamoli da platite mito
06:34
in your day-to-day life to get something done.
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u svom svakidašnjem životu kako biste nešto mogli napraviti.
06:37
What do you do? Of course you can call the police.
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Što ćete napraviti? Naravno, možete nazvati policiju.
06:40
But what is the use if the police department is in itself steeped in corruption?
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Ali koja je korist toga kada je odjel policiji duboko korumpiran?
06:44
Most definitely you don't want to pay the bribe.
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Više od svega ne želite platiti mito.
06:47
But you also don't have the time, resources,
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Ali ujedno nemate ni vrijeme, resurse,
06:50
expertise or wherewithal to fight this.
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ekspertizu ili novčana sredstva kako bi se borili protiv toga.
06:53
Unfortunately, many of us in this room
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Nažalost, mnogi od nas u ovoj prostoriji
06:57
are supporters of capitalist policies and market forces.
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podržavaju kapitalističke politike i tržišne snage.
07:01
Yet the market forces around the world
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A ipak, tržišne sile diljem svijeta
07:04
have not yet thrown up a service where you can call in,
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još uvijek nisu ponudile uslugu gdje možete nazvati,
07:07
pay a fee, and fight the demand for a bribe.
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platiti naknadu, i boriti se protiv potražnje za mitom.
07:10
Like a bribe buster service,
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Poput usluge iskorjenjavanja mita,
07:13
or 1-800-Fight-Bribes,
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ili 1-800-protiv-mita,
07:15
or www.stopbribes.org or
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ili www.zaustavitemito.org ili
07:19
www.preventcorruption.org.
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www.sprijecitekorupciju.org.
07:22
Such a service simply do not exist.
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Takva usluga jednostavno ne postoji.
07:25
One image that has haunted me
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Jedna slika koja me progoni
07:27
from my early business days
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još iz mojih ranih poslovnih dana
07:29
is of a grandmother, 70 plus years, being harassed
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je baka, 70 plus godina, koju su maltretirali
07:32
by the bureaucrats in the town planning office.
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birokrati u gradskom uredu za planiranje.
07:35
All she needed was permission to build three steps
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Sve što je trebala je dozvola za gradnju tri stepenice
07:37
to her house, from ground level,
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do njezine kuće, od poda,
07:39
making it easier for her to enter and exit her house.
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što bi joj olakšalo da uđe i izađe iz svoje kuće.
07:42
Yet the officer in charge would not simply give her the permit
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A ipak glavni službenik joj jednostavno ne bi dao dozvolu
07:45
for want of a bribe.
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bez mita.
07:47
Even though it pricked my conscience then,
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Čak i ako me tada grizla savjest,
07:49
I could not, or rather I did not
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nisam mogao, ili jednostavno nisam
07:51
tend to her or assist her,
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brinuo o njoj ili joj pomogao,
07:54
because I was busy building my real estate company.
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jer sam bio zaposlen gradeći svoju kompaniju za nekretnine.
07:56
I don't want to be haunted by such images any more.
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Ne želim da me takve slike više progone.
08:00
A group of us have been working on a pilot basis
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Grupa nas je radila na pilot projektima
08:02
to address individual instances of demands
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kako bi adresirali pojedinačne instance potražnje
08:05
for bribes for common services or entitlement.
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za mitom za obične usluge ili za pravo.
08:08
And in all 42 cases where we have pushed back such demands
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I u sva 42 slučaja gdje smo potisnuli takvu potražnju
08:11
using existing and legitimate tools
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koristeći postojeće i legalne alate
08:14
like the Right to Information Act,
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poput Zakona o pravu na informiranje,
08:16
video, audio, or peer pressure,
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videa, audia, ili pritiska okoline,
08:19
we have successfully obtained whatever our clients
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uspjeli smo zadržati štogod su naši klijenti
08:21
set out to achieve without actually paying a bribe.
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odlučili postići bez da zapravo plaćamo mito.
08:25
And with the cost of these tools being substantially lower
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I s time kako je trošak tih alata značajno niži
08:28
than the bribe demanded.
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od zahtjevanog mita.
08:30
I believe that these tools that worked in these 42 pilot cases
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Vjerujem kako alati koji su funkcionirali u ta 42 pilot slučaja
08:35
can be consolidated in standard processes
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mogu biti konsolidirani u standardne procese
08:39
in a BPO kind of environment,
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u neku vrstu BPO okoline,
08:42
and made available on web, call-center
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i možemo ih učiniti dostupnima na internetu, preko pozivnog centra
08:45
and franchise physical offices,
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i davati franšize na fizičke urede,
08:47
for a fee, to serve anyone confronted with a demand for a bribe.
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na naknadu, kako bismo uslužili svakoga tko je suočen s potražnjom za mito.
08:52
The target market is as tempting as it can get.
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Ciljano tržište je jako primamljivo.
08:55
It can be worth up to one trillion dollars,
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Može biti vrijedno do jednog bilijuna dolara,
08:58
being paid in bribes every year,
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koji su plaćeni u mitu svake godine,
09:00
or equal to India's GDP.
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ili jednako BDP-u Indije.
09:03
And it is an absolutely virgin market.
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I potpuno je nevino tržište.
09:06
I propose to explore this idea further,
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Predlažem da dalje istražujemo tu ideju,
09:09
to examine the potential of creating
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kako bismo ispitali potencijal osnivanja
09:11
a for-profit, fee-based BPO
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profitabilne, naknadom vezane BPO
09:15
kind of service to stop bribes
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vrste usluge kako bismo zaustavili mita
09:17
and prevent corruption.
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i spriječili korupciju.
09:19
I do realize that the fight for justice
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Shvaćam kako borba za pravdu
09:22
against corruption is never easy.
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protiv korupcije nikada nije laka.
09:25
It never has been and it never will be.
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Nikada nije bila i nikada neće biti.
09:27
In my last 18 months as a lawyer,
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U svojih posljednjih 18 mjeseci kao odvjetnik,
09:30
battling small- and large-scale corruption,
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borio sam se protiv korupcije malih i velikih razmjera,
09:32
including the one perpetrated by India's biggest corporate scamster.
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uključujući jednu počinjenu od najveće indijske korporativne varalice.
09:36
Through his charities
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Preko njegove dobrotvorne ustanove
09:38
I have had three police cases filed against me
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protiv mene su podnesena tri policijska slučaja
09:41
alleging trespass, impersonation and intimidation.
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navodeći prijestup, lažno predstavljanje i zastrašivanje.
09:44
The battle against corruption
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Borba protiv korupcije
09:46
exacts a toll on ourselves,
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iznuđuje dražbinu nad nama,
09:48
our families, our friends, and even our kids.
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našim obiteljima, našim prijateljima i čak našoj djeci.
09:52
Yet I believe the price we pay is well worth holding on
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A ipak, vjerujem kako je cijena koju plaćamo vrijedna
09:54
to our dignity and making the world a fairer place.
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očuvanja našeg dostojanstva i činiti svijet pravednijim mjestom.
09:58
What gives us the courage?
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Što nam daje hrabrost?
10:00
As my close friend replied, when told
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Kako je moj prijatelj odgovorio kada mu je rečeno
10:02
during the seeding days of the ambulance project
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tijekom osnivačkih dana projekta hitne pomoći,
10:05
that it is an impossible task
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kako je nemoguća misija
10:07
and the founders are insane to chalk up their blue-chip jobs,
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i osnivači su ludi što su odbacili svoje poslove u visoko-tehnološkim kompanijama,
10:10
I quote: "Of course we cannot fail in this,
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citiram, "Naravno da ne možemo doživjeti neuspjeh u ovome,
10:13
at least in our own minds.
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barem u našim mislima.
10:15
For we are insane people,
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Jer mi smo prisebni ljudi,
10:17
trying to do an impossible task.
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koji pokušavaju obaviti nemogući zadatak.
10:19
And an insane person does not know what an impossible task is." Thank you.
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A luda osoba ne zna što je nemogući zadatak." Hvala vam.
10:23
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:31
Chris Anderson: Shaffi, that is a really exciting business idea.
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Chris Anderson: Shaffi, ovo je doista uzbudljiva poslovna ideja.
10:36
Shaffi Mather: I just have to get through the initial days where I don't get eliminated.
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Shaffi Mather: Samo moram proći kroz inicijalne dane a da ne budem eliminiran.
10:40
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:42
CA: What's on your mind?
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CA: Što vam je na umu?
10:43
I mean, give us a sense of the numbers here --
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Mislim, dajte nam osjećaj za brojeve ovdje --
10:45
a typical bribe and a typical fee. I mean, what's in your head?
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tipično mito i tipična naknada. Mislim, što vam je u mislima?
10:48
SM: So let me ... Let me give you an example.
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SM: Dopustite mi... Dopustite mi da vam dam primjer.
10:52
Somebody who had applied for the passport.
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Netko tko se prijavio za dobivanje putovnice.
10:55
The officer was just sitting on it
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Službenik je samo sjedio na njoj
10:58
and was demanding around 3,000 rupees in bribes.
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i zatražio je oko 3.000 rupija mita.
11:01
And he did not want to pay.
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A on nije želio platiti.
11:04
So we actually used the Right to Information Act,
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Stoga smo zapravo iskoristili Zakon o pravu na informiranje,
11:06
which is equal to the Freedom of Information Act in the United States,
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koji je jednak Zakonu o slobodi informiranja u Sjedinjenim Državama,
11:09
and pushed back the officers in this particular case.
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i potisnuo je službenike u ovom izdvojenom slučaju.
11:14
And in all these 42 cases,
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I u sva ta 42 slučaja,
11:16
when we kept pushing them back,
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kada smo ih nastavili potiskati,
11:19
there was three kinds of reaction.
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postojale su tri vrste reakcija.
11:21
A set of people actually say,
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Skupina ljudi je zapravo rekla,
11:23
"Oh, let me just grant it to them, and run away from it."
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"O, dopustite mi da im ih odobrim, i pobjegnem od toga."
11:26
Some people actually come back and say,
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Neki ljudi su se vratili i rekli,
11:29
"Oh, you want to screw me. Let me show you what I can do."
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"O, želiš me prevariti. Vidjet ćeš što ja mogu učiniti."
11:32
And he will push us back.
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I on bi nas potisnuo natrag.
11:34
So you take the next step, or use the next tool available
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Dakle, poduzmete idući korak, ili uzmete idući dostupan alat
11:38
in what we are putting together,
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u onome što mi sastavljamo,
11:40
and then he relents.
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i zatim on odustane.
11:43
By the third time, in all 42 cases, we have achieved success.
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Do trećeg puta, u sva 42 slučaja, postigli smo uspijeh.
11:46
CA: But if it's a 3,000-rupee, 70-dollar bribe,
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CA: Ali ako je 3.000 rupija, 70 dolara mito,
11:51
what fee would you have to charge,
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koju naknadu biste morali naplatiti,
11:53
and can you actually make the business work?
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kako bi vaš posao zapravo funkcionirao?
11:55
SM: Well, actually the cost that we incurred
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SM: Dakle, trošak s kojim smo se susreli
11:59
was less than 200 rupees.
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je bio manji od 200 rupija.
12:02
So, it actually works.
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Dakle, zapravo radi.
12:05
CA: That's a high gross margin business. I like it.
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CA: To je posao s visokom profitabilnom maržom. Sviđa mi se.
12:08
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
12:10
SM: I actually did not want to answer this on the TED stage.
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SM: Zapravo nisam htio dati odgovor na to pitanje na TED pozornici.
12:13
CA: OK, so these are provisional numbers, no pricing guarantee.
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CA: U redu, dakle, to su privremene brojke, bez cjenovne garancije.
12:17
If you can pull this off, you will be a global hero.
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Ukoliko možete to uspješno izvesti, biti ćete globalni junak.
12:20
I mean, this could be huge.
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Mislim, to bi moglo biti ogromno.
12:22
Thank you so much for sharing this idea at TED.
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Hvala vam puno što ste podijelili ovu ideju na TED-u.
12:24
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shaffi Mather - Social entrepreneur, lawyerShaffi Mather is the founder of 1298 for Ambulance, Education Access for All, and co-promoter of Moksha-Yug Access.
Why you should listen
Shaffi Mather was a successful young entrepreneur, who brought a family-run real estate business to the forefront of the local market before moving on to take major positions at two of India’s largest communication corporations -- Essel Group and Reliance Industries. However, after a perilous ride to the hospital with his mother he was forced to confront India’s need for a dependable ambulance service. He left his career at Reliance and founded 1298 for Ambulance, a for-profit service with a sliding scale payment system that has revolutionized medical transport in Mumbai and Kerala.
Today, Mather is also a co-founder of Moksha-Yug Access, a microfinance instiution that operates in rural India, and The Education Initiative, which is involved in e-learning and in creating schools across India. In addition, Mather is a lawyer focusing on litigation in public interest -- battling for transparency in governance and use of public funds, human rights, civil rights and primacy of constitution. He is a TEDIndia Fellow.
Shaffi Mather | Speaker | TED.com